JAMAICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Volume 21-24 ISSN: 1016-2054 | 1 www.src.gov.jm Volume 21 - 24 | December 2010 -2013 | Pages 7-42 Insecticidal Activity of Cantharidin and Selected Derivatives In 2004 a total of 1,263,849 Kg of sweet potato was produced at an export value of JA$ 96 Million... Relationships between cadmium in Jamaican soils and mortality. The levels of Cadmium (Cd) in some Jamaican soils and its presence in the local food chain have been of concern... Removing the Smoke from Medical Marijuana (Ganja) THE FORUM. RESEARCH IN PROGRESS Young Scientists’ Abstracts INSIDE THIS ISSUE. www.src.gov.jm JJST ISSN: 1016-2054 Published by: The Scientific Research Council, Information Services Division, Hope Gardens Complex, Kingston 6, Jamaica W.I.
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6 | THE FORUM: Removing the Smoke from Medical Marijuana (Ganja) (Author—Professor Henry Lowe)
MAIN ARTICLES
8 | Insecticidal Activity of Cantharidin and Selected Derivatives (Authors—Williams [et al], Lawrence A.D.)
12 | Relationships between Cadmium in Jamaican Soils and Mortality. (Authors—Lalor [et al], Gerald C.)
RESEARCH REVIEW
22 | Rare Earth Elements in Jamaica Soils. (Authors—Lalor [et al], Gerald C.)
30 | The Microbiological Quality of Jamaican Drinking Water. (Authors—Smith [et al] ) Eustace B.)
RESEARCH IN PROGRESS
[Young Scientists’ Abstracts]
40 | Jamaican Medicinal Plants and Their Role in Sustainable Economic Development (Charah T. Watson)
41 | More than Just an Herb, More Like an Antibiotic (Chenielle Delahaye-McKenzie)
42 | Diabetes and Hypertension: Research in Natural Products (Denise Daley Beckford)
44 | Guide for Authors
Insecticidal Activity of Cantharidin
8
Rare earth elements in Jamaican soils...
22
More than Just an Herb, More Like an Antibiotic...
41
ON THE COVER
Cylas formicarius (F.) (“Sweet Potato Weevil”) Native to the Old World; accidentally introduced into the south- ern United States, Hawaii, Greater Antilles, Central America, Australia, and Japan. The sweet potato weevil can be found in the Caribbean in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Guyana, St. Kitts- Nevis and in Central America—Mexico and Panama. It is considered the single most important pest of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) in countries where it occurs. Weevil infestation ranges from 20 to 50% on many farms and can even reach to 100% depending on the
season and variety. Higher infestation occurs during dry seasons. Weevil damage to tubers causes heavy losses. The larvae feed in the tubers and the adults feed on the stem and leaves.
SOURCE: http://calsnews.cornell.edu/ SEE ARTICLE ON PAGE 9
There is no shortage of international scientific journals of different levels of excellence and competitiveness, and in diverse disciplines,
in which Jamaican scientists can and do publish their scientific findings. Indeed, our scientists are frequently admonished to publish their work in the best of these journals for optimal exposure on the international stage. After all, we are a part of an international community and must maintain our standards by dialogue and competition with the best in the world if our science is to be on par with our standards in sports and music. Still, in developing countries like Jamaica, it is important that
the role of the scientist in the economic and social develop- ment of the nation should be nurtured and that the public
should be educated and informed about the critical role that science can and must play in promoting innovation, solving
problems and in strengthening the nation’s appreciation of the subtle- ties, complexities and the beauty of the environment, local, global and
universal, in which we live. Scientists, the public and our governmental agencies need to be assured that their investment in research, training, employment and promotion of science and its use in both private and public enterprise, in short, medium or long-term, will yield suitable dividends.
To foster this dualistic agenda – to think globally while acting locally –functional scientific societies and strong, vibrant and widely available local scientific journals are central. It is in this context, then, that a local Journal such as the Jamaica Journal of Science & Technology (JJST) has a critical role to play, inviting submissions from local or international sources, which meet our standards and contribute to our focus upon issues which emphasize the vital role of scientific and technological investigations in finding economically viable solutions relevant to the problems of a developing country in the modern world. Our international strength in sports and music did not arise fully formed, but grew out of strong local aspirations, organisations and involvement. So too must it be with our scientific endeavours.
Founded in 1990 as a transformation of the Journal of the Scientific Research Council (1970 - 1988), with the aim “to depict the work of local scientists and technologists,” the JJST, over a 20-year stint with Professor Tara Dasgupta as Chief Editor, produced 20 volumes up to 2010 (Volume 20). After the retirement of Professor Dasgupta, there was a brief hiatus. We have, however, re-emerged, with a renewed commitment to be timely, relevant and accessible. We hope that a new online format will contribute to this. We ask for your commitment to our goals; we welcome your submissions and we look forward to a two-way involvement with you in ensuring the success of the Journal. We wish to hear the voices of those interested and involved in the scientific process and its application in development and so have introduced a FORUM which invites comments in a wide range of formats.
The present issue deals with some very topical matters – a potential insecticide which could be important in controlling the sweet potato weevil; the mystery of why cadmium toxicity does not appear to be associated with excessive morbidity or mortality despite its high concentration in Jamaican soils; the local distribution of the rare earth elements which are of increasing economic importance; the quality of our local water and concerns regarding monitoring; and a contribution to the Forum by Dr Henry Lowe on medical marijuana. We trust that these articles will engage you and anticipate pertinent responses and other contributions to the Forum. We look forward to working with you, our readers and contributors. Best wishes for 2014.