Jacobins Party of the Revolution Originally a club for the French elite Initially moderate reformers, became violent to anyone who opposed them Formed.

Jacobins• Party of the Revolution• Originally a club for the

French elite• Initially moderate

reformers, became violent to anyone who opposed them

• Formed Committee of Public Safety

• Enforced conservative views by using the guillotine

Jean Paul Marat• Jacobin journalist who

wrote in his paper, names of Girondists to be killed

• Wanted any opponent of radicalism to be killed

• Skin condition (from living in sewers) caused him to soak in tub most hours of the day

• Murdered by Charlotte Corday

Girondins• Moderate Republicans who

were educated, middle class

• Wanted war with Austria• Became opponents of

Robespierre• Faction dissolved after they

were unable to prevent trial and execution of the king

• Target of persecutions by Jacobins, specifically Mountain

Sans Culottes• Working class, refused

to wear the ‘breeches’ of the wealthy thus, the name (which literally means ‘no pants’)

• Anti-rich, therefore, anti-king

• Radical republicans who wanted direct democracy

• Considered savages by• most

Bourgeoisie• Wealthy, educated members

of the 3rd estate (thus they paid all the taxes)

• King had denied them nobility status (which would have exempted them from taxes)

• Demanded a written constitution, and formed a national guard

• Participated in revolution for themselves, not the masses

Fueillant

• Politically moderate branch of the Jacobins

• Supported the King and wanted a Constitutional Monarchy

• Included 264 ex-Jacobin members

Mountain• radical Jacobins• Noted for their democratic

outlook• Montagnards controlled the

government during the climax of the Revolution in 1793–94

• sat on the higher benches of the assembly

• Against the King, imposed policy of terror

• Ultimately led Robespierre to his downfall and execution

Robespierre• Originally, wanted

democracy and worked for the poor

• Helped write Dec of Rights of Man

• Rose to power by killing his enemies

• Led the Reign of Terror, killing 40,000 people in 15 months

• Eventually executed

September Massacres• King was married to the Austrian

princess Marie Antionette• Prussian (Austrian) army was marching

into France to restore Louis to the throne• Opponents of the Revolution had been

thrown in jail• Jacobins did NOT want them released, so

they broke into the jails and killed them all

• 3 day wave of chaos and mob violence• Then moved on to killing Girondins and

over 200 priests (they also supported king)

• Also sent message to Prussians “don’t mess with us, we’re crazy”

Charlotte Corday• Girondin who supported the

King• Was distraught over the

September Massacres and Reign of Terror

• Saw Marat as the source of evil and discord in France

• Felt he was responsible for the deaths of thousands

• Believed killing Marat would end the Terror and preserve the Revolution

• Stabbed him in his tub• She was tried, convicted and

guillotined in 4 days

Phrygian Cap

• Represented freedom and patriotism

• Radical Revolutionaries (jacobins) began wearing them after the Storming of the Bastille

Tri-Colore

• Revolutionary flag of France

• Three colors represent – Liberty– Equality– Fraternity (brotherhood)

• Used following the Storming of the Bastille