J Ladner 1,2 , A Lukacs 3 , N Boussouf 4 , MP Tavolacci 1,2 ,

Substance and alcohol use, internet addiction and mental stress among university students.

A study in Algeria, France and Hungary

J Ladner1,2, A Lukacs3, N Boussouf4, MP Tavolacci1,2, B Varga5, S Grigioni1,2, P Déchelotte1,2

1 Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (France)2 INSERM Unit 1073, ADEN, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen 3 Faculty of Health Care, Miskolc (Hungary)4 Batna University Hospital, Batna (Algeria)5 Faculty of Economics, Miskolc [email protected]

• Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis consumption are well recognized as important public health topics in university students

• Prevalence of Internet addiction, mental stress and eating and disorders are regularly growing

Background

Objectives

To study the prevalence and identify risk comportments of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use, Internet addiction and eating disorders risks, perceived mental stress in students in higher education in 3 countries (Algeria, France and Hungary)

Methods (1)

Batna, Algeria Miskolc, Hungary Rouen, France

• Anonymous auto-questionnaires• Papers questionnaires in Batna and Miskolc• Paper and online questionnaires in Rouen

(www.tasanteenunclic.org)

Methods (2)

Questionnaire

www.tasanteenunclic.org

• Age, gender, to get a job in parallel, study grant holder) • Alcohol consumption (binge drinking) • Smoking habits• Cannabis experimentation• Psychotropic drugs consumption (anxiolytics,

antidepressant drugs)• SCOFF questionnaire: screening test of eating disorders

risk

Methods (3)

Data collection

• Assess global perception of stress• 10 questions, 5-Lickert scale• PPS score ranges from 0 to 40

Methods (3)

The Perceived Stress Scale (PPS) of Cohen

• 9 questions, scored 0 or 1• Measure the risk to become Net addicted• Three levels of Internet addiction

– From 0 to 3: very little tendancy to become Net addicted (low risk)

– From 4 to 6: a risk to become Net addicted (risk)– From 7 to 9: a high risk to become Net addicted

(high risk)

Methods (4)

The Internet Stress Scale (Orman test)

Results (1)

A total of 2,102 students included

SD: standard deviation

Results (2)

Smoking prevalence and cannabis experimentation

SD: standard deviation; R=range

Results (3)

Alcohol consumption in men and women (%)Batna

(n=345)Miskolc(n=275)

Rouen(n=1,482)

M W p M W p M W p

Alcohol consumption >2 x/week 0 0 - 27.6 3.8 0.025 32.3 32.9 0.93

Never BG 93.6 100 0.45 15.7 39.3 <10-4 12.6 34.0 <10-4

At least 1 BG in the last month 6.4 0 0.78 38.2 8.2 <10-4 41.3 12.6 <10-4

At least >1 drunkeness in the last 12 months

2.7 0 0.89 82.3 56.7 0.01 82.9 37.8 0.001

BG: binge drinking

Results (4)

Risk of eating disorders

Results (5)

Perceived mental stress (mean value)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Batna

Miskolc

Rouen

Men

Women

p=0.36

p=0.28

p=0.001

Results (6)

Psychotropic drugs consumption (%)

Batna(n=345)

Miskolc(n=275)

Rouen(n=1,482)

M W p M W p M W p

Anxiolytic dugs 2.0 10.2 <10-4 2.9 4.2 0.46 1.3 5.7 0.13

Antidepressantdrugs 1.1 3.9 0.01 0 3.4 0.50 1.3 1.4 0.98

Results (7)

Prevalence of risk of Internet addiction (%)Batna

(n=345)Miskolc(n=275)

Rouen(n=1,482)

M W p M W p M W p

Low risk 48.7 52.5 73.5 81.3 62.5 71.2

Medium risk 26.6 30.8 0.08 11.8 10.0 0.07 31.0 25.5 0,001

High risk 24.7 16.7 14.7 8.7 6.5 3.3

• Main findings– Higher prevalence of smoking in French and Hungarian students– As well as cannabis consumption in French students (around 50%)– High level of alcohol consumption in French men and women

students– Difference of alcohol consumption between men and women in

Hungarian students– Very high level of stress in Hungarian students– Very high risk of cyberaddiction in Algerian students; in women, the

risk remains significant in the 3 populations

Conclusion (1)

• New problematic and comportments • Difference of substances use et risk comportments

between men and women• These findings stress the need to develop investigations on

these topics in students population, to have a better understanding

• There is also an urgent need for public health practitioners and clinicians working in university campuses

• New research areas needed, especially the impact of these risk behaviours on the professional career and future life

Conclusion (2)

Results (7)

Risks of Internet addiction High + risk Low risk p Mean age (SD) 20.8 (6.1) 21.5 (16.8) 0.001 Students in couple 12.4 19.5 0.001 Get a job 23.2 25.3 0.38 Smoker 28.7 25.4 0.30 Cannabis experimentation 48.6 42.3 0.02 Never alcohol consumed 15.7 17.3 0.09 At least 1 binge drinking 58.9 41.7 0.001 Bad quality of sleep 48.0 42.0 0.05 Anxiolytics consumption 9.2 6.5 0.06 Risk of eating disorders 32.5 19.6 <10-4 Stress quartile Q1 17.4 29.3 Q2 28.0 29.4 <10-4 Q3 23.0 23.1 Q4 31.6 18.1

Results (8)Factors associated to Internet addiction (logistic regression)

Adjusted on sex, marital status, binge drinking, anxiolytics drug consumption, sleep quality

OR 95% CI p Age

0.94

0.89-0.98

0.005

Men

3.08

2.16-4.89

<10-4

Cannabis experimentation

1.36

1.03-1.79

0.03

Stress quartiles

Q2 1.75 1.22-2.52 0.002 Q3 1.84 1.24-2.72 0.002 Q4 2.75 1.81-4.17 <10-4 Risk of eating disorder

1.64

1.21-2.23

0.03