J ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY - World Bank

91LMPF dOR41! RthdAkI'T ITfth (Ti )hTHE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

M+e*tr 8017A' qAPipnil J ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITYTOh 14 'qj *TE 1770 liMb hflql IL+tP Post Office Box 1770 Addls Ababa Ethiopia

atSP ai h..s ';,v. A177 eitn Cable Addrex Hlghways Addis Ababa*tai7 21158 YI8I *TC 551-71-70/79 Telex 211880 Tel. No. 551-71-70/79

4)h 251-11-5514866 Fax 251-11-554866 I_C_ Ret. No. M C,

I nL __ ____ AddlsAbaba MCAevc 1 32 20031

Ato Negede LewiSenior Transport SpecialistWorld Bank Country OfficeAddis Ababa -----Ethiopia

Subject: APL 1 - Submission of final RAPs

Dear Ato Negede,

As per the provisions of the timeframe set for the pre - appraisal and appraisal ofthe APL IlIl Projects, namely:

4. Aposto - Wendo - Negelle,

5. Gedo - Nekemte,

6. Gondar - Debark, and

4. Yalo - Dallol, we are hereby submitting, in both hard and softcopies, the final resettlement action plans (RAPs) of the Projects, for yourinformation and consumption, addressing / incorporating the comments received atdifferent stages from the Bank.

1/1Since Hy, ( /z0i

ZAIO WOLDE GEBRIEL - :eEth .9pian Roads Authority j

')irec:or General ; ,

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THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY

GONDAR - DEBARKROAD PROJECT

GRANT NO. H049-ET

F I N A L

RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP)FEBRUARY 2007

SCANNED FILE COPY `V:cession No. Box No.

-(F N Date 2 |Z jp Log#

Acion | CCFILE (Co/alpha/Pname or #) Ln/Cr GR/TF ESW Co/Rg Adm Proc

JOINT VENTUREun%U Kocks Consult GmbH Metaferia Consulting

RP510v 3

GO N DAR - DEBARK S jROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paae

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................... iABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .......................................... iii

EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................... A

1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................... 11.1 Background to the Project ............................................ 11.2 Contractual Background ..................................................................... 21.3 Scope of Services .................................................. 21.4 Objectives of the RAP ..................................................................... 31.5 Location and Brief Description of the Project Road .......................... 41.6 Socio-economic Condition of the Project Area ........................................................ 62. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .................... 92.1 National Policy and Strategies ......................................... 9

2.1.1 The Constitution .............................................. 92.1.2 Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE) ............................. 92.1.3 The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia .............................. 102.1.4 Sectoral Environmental Policies .................................. 102.1.5 Land Tenure ................................................ 112.1.6 Proclamation No.455/2005 ..................................... 12

2.2 Environmental Legislation Framework ................................... 122.2.1 Proclamation on Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs ....... 122.2.2 Proclamation on Environmental Impact Assessment ................... 122.2.3 Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control ..................... 13

2.3 Institutional and Administrative Framework .............................. 132.3.1 Federal and Regional Administration .............................. 132.3.2 Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) ........................... 132.3.3 Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) ................................. 142.3.4 Regional and Local Government Bodies ............................ 142.3.5 Environmental Protection Unit ................................... 14

2.4 Ethiopian Roads Authority's Policy Framework ............................. 142.4.1 ERA Environmental Procedures Manual ..................................................... 142.4.2 ERA ResettlementI Rehabilitation Policy Framework ................... 15

3. METHODOLOGY ...................................................... 163.1 General Remarks on the RAP Implementation Planning ...................... 163.2 Entitlement ...................................................... 163.3 Land Requirements ................................................ 17

3.3.1 Land Requirement for Realignment ............................... 173.3.2 Land Requirement for temporary Roads ............................ 183.3.3 Land Requirement for Quarries and Borrow Pits ...................... 183.3.4 Land Requirement for Camp Sites ................................ 18

3.4 Compensation Considerations ......................................... 183.4.1 Compensation for Houses and Fences ...................................................... 183.4.2 Compensation for Standing Crops ....................................................... 193.4.3 Compensation for Loss of permanent Crops and Trees ................. 193.4.4 Compensation for Loss of Grazing Land ............................ 193.4.5 Compensation for other Structures ............................... 203.4.6 Land Replacement ........................................... 203.4.7 Services (Utilities) ............................................ 20

, .. - I .. . -

GO N DAR - DE BARK KOKOCKSX6 ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

Table of Contents. continued

Page

3.5 Methods of Valuing affected Assets and lost Income Basis .................... 213.5.1 General Notes on Consultant's Approach ............................................. 213.5.2 Right-of-Way ................................................ 213.5.3 Valuation of Constructions and other Structures ...................... 223.5.4 Temporary Dispossession of agricultural Land ....................... 233.5.5 Permanent Dispossession of agricultural Land ............................................ 243.5.6 Valuation of affected Trees ................................................ 263.5.7 Discount Rate ................................................ 26

3.6 Width of Corridor .................................................. 263.7 Cost Estimate .................................................... 283.8 Eligibility Criteria .................................................. 283.9 RAP Implementation Committee ....................................... 293.10 Grievance Redress Mechanism ........................................ 303.11 Implementation Procedure for the RAP .................................. 31

4. RAP IMPEMENTATION PLANNING OF THE GONDAR - DEBARK ROAD ....... 334.1 Collection and Review of available existing Documentation and Data ............ 334.2 Sociological Field Surveys and Inventories ............................... 334.3 Cadastral Survey .................................................. 354.4 Detail socio-economic Survey ......................................... 354.5 Public Consultation / Town Meetings .................................... 364.6 Valuation of Land Compensation Requirements ............................ 36

4.6.1 Refinement of Valuation Method ................................. 364.6.2 Valuation of Land Loss ........................................ 374.6.3 Calculation of affected Structures ................................ 374.6.4 Valuation of affected Trees ..................................... 384.6.5 Compensation Requirements .................................... 38

4.7 Estimated Cost for Compensation ............................ ........ 394.8 Monitoring and Evaluation ........................................... 394.9 RAP Disclosure ................................................... 404.10 RAP Implementation Schedule ........................................ 40

APPENDIX1 Terms of Reference (TOR) for EIA and RAP2 The World Bank Operational Policies 4.123 Organisations and Individuals contacted during the sociological Field Surveys4 Minutes of Meetings5 Yields and Prices for Cost Estimation6 List of Project Affected Persons (PAPs)7 References

GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS__ ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ADLI Agricultural Development-Led IndustrialisationAIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeAPL Adapted Programme Lendinga.s.l. above sea levelCOWI-T-97/99 Gondar-Mereb Road Upgrading Project, Detailed Engineering Design

and Tender Document Preparation, 1997/1999, COWI-TCDE JointVenture of Lyngby/Denmark in association with G. Teare + M. Tedros.

CSA Central Statistical AuthorityDBSD Double Bituminous Surface DressingDED District Engineering DivisionE.C. Ethiopian Calendare.g. exempli gratia = for instance / for exampleEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentEIA-2006 Review of ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, May 2006, Joint

Venture 'Kocks Consult GmbH of Koblenz/Germany and MetaferiaConsulting Engineers of Addis Ababa/Ethiopia'

EMSB Environmental Management and Safety BranchEPA Environmental Protection AuthorityERA Ethiopian Roads AuthorityETB Ethiopian Birr, the national currencyetc. et cetera

FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of EthiopiaFIDIC Federation Internationale des Ingenieurs-Conseils4-WD Four-wheel-driveFS-2006 Review of FEASIBILITY STUDY, June 2006, Joint Venture 'Kocks

Consult GmbH of Koblenz/Germany and Metaferia ConsultingEngineers of Addis Ababa/Ethiopia'

ha HectareHH HouseholdHIV Human Immunodeficiency VirusICB International Competitive BiddingIDA International Development Associationi.e. id est = that is to sayOP Operational Policiesp.a. per annum = per yearPAP Project Affected PersonRAP Resettlement Action Planref. Reference (to)ROW Right-of-WayRSDP Road Sector Development ProgrammeSIA Social Impact AssessmentSMNP Simien Mountains National ParkSTI Sexually Transmitted InfectionTOR Terms of ReferenceUNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKSROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

Background to the Project

The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia represented by theEthiopian Roads Authority (ERA) endeavours to upgrade theGondar - Debark Roadin order to meet the requirements of the increased socio-economic activities along theproject road corridor. The proposed upgrading and construction of the Project Road willhave essential benefits to the Nation's economy as well as to the environment including:. promotion and enhancement of social and economic development along the Project Road

corridor and its catchment area respectively;* significant improvement of the general condition of Ethiopia's road network;* reduced vehicle operating cost (e.g. fuel consumption, maintenance cost);. increased road safety;* reduced travel time and greater comfort to motorists;* reduced noise and air pollution

Objective of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)

This Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is prepared in order to minimize any adverse effectthat might incur on the people living along the road corridor. In its specific form the RAP isaimed at assessing the likely impact of the proposed road project on people and theirproperties; inventorising the number of affected people and size of properties; conductpublic consultation to incorporate the attitudes of people on compensation and resettlementactivities; and estimation of the amount of cost required to compensate for the affectedproperties.

Approaches and Methodology

In preparing the RAP different methods have been used. Reviewing the existing policy, legaland other relevant documents was the first task done before embarking on field levelactivities. During the field level operation a series of consultation sessions were made withappropriate stakeholders to incorporate their views in all phases of the RAP preparation. Acadastral survey done with the technical team is the main source in identifying all theaffected properties. Names, type and size of properties are attached with the report.

Proiect Description and Justification

The Gondar-Debark road forms part of the Bahir Dar to Axum route corridor and, apartfrom localized connectivity it provides between the two trip ends, serves as alternativeaccess to major Ethiopia's travel and tourist destinations, comprising sites of natural,historic as well as cultural heritages. Travel and tour destinations, situated in the northernpart of the Country along 'the historic tourism route', comprise the town of Bahir Dar andthe Lake Tana areas located south of Project Road, the medieval city of Gondar and theSimien Mountains National Park (SMNP). Farther north of the Project Road, some 350kmfrom Gondar, is the ancient town of Axum. These tourist attraction sites, notably Gondar,Axum and SMNP, are amongst the UNESCO enlisted World Heritage Sites Ethiopia offers tothe world

The existing road was originally built with a Telford base and penetration macadam duringthe Italian occupation between 1936 and 1940. The road was constructed mainly by manuallabour, and with the aim to limit the size/height of major drainage structures as well as tominimize earthworks, its alignment follows closely the contours of the natural ground,resulting in a horizontal alignment with narrow curves in the mountainous and hilly sectionsan thp rnn hAnr1 hilt Alcr in rni naiu ,intln rirnrlionr-c (nrF-irnvni vi-.- 0 rn,-- r. F-k- -

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GONDAR -DEBARK KOCKS >ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

The Project Road is a major link providing access to a large part of the Amahra Region anda short cut to important agricultural and tourist areas in the Simien Mountains. At present,the poor state of most sections of the road imposes difficulties and heavy costs in themovement of goods and people. As a result, the road's condition hinders national and sub-regional development and integration.The Project Road starts at the Martyrs Square in Gondar, the big roundabout 720m from theGondar Telecom building at the centre of the Town, and it ends after 103 km (existing roadlength) shortly after the Debark town passage.The initial bituminous surface has completely deteriorated with a few patches of it remainingonly and the existing road has reverted to gravel standard. The road condition can bedescribed as generally poor.

Socio-economic Descriltion of the Proiect AreaAs per the data secured from the Woreda level agriculture offices the Gondar and Debarkareas show intensive agricultural use of 95% with about 65% crop cultivation, 20%grassland, 10% tree plantations and bush & shrub land and a remaining approximately5% portion which cannot be utilized (e.g. rocky areas). From the agro-ecological andsocio-ecological point of view the Gondar - Debark area is relatively homogenous. The areais situated in the Highland zone between 2,200m and 3,000m a.s.l. and falls in theagro-ecological category of 'Dega zone'. Rainfall between 900 and 1,500 mm/year andtemperatures of less than 160C in average characterize this zone, which has beenintensively cultivated. The Dega zone is also relatively free from vector-borne diseases,particularly malaria. For these reasons the highest concentration of population occurs in theAmhara region.Agriculture is the main basis of livelihood (85%) in the Amhara region. The highlandagriculture system is characterized by the intensification of crop and livestock productionand livestock husbandry is an important source of food, cash income and insurance againstcrop failure. The main cereals produced in the area are wheat, millet, barley and teff. Thesoils are very susceptible to soil erosion with high rates of soil loss. In most cases theagricultural practices can be categorized as a subsistence level. There are extremely fewnon-farm activities for rural dwellers. In the towns most of the activities are also limited tosmall-scale private trade and crafting. Except in Gondar the other towns do not have anylarge-scale industrial establishment.In terms of administrative boundary, the road falls in to Gondar special zone and threeother Woredas that include Wegera, Dabat and Debark. The major town centres are Gondar,Amba Georgis, Dabat and Debark. The entire road falls in North Gondar Zone of the AmharaRegional State.

Ethnic Groups and ReligionThe largest majority of the population in the Gondar-Debark road corridor are Amhara andadhere to Orthodox Christian faith. Hardly any other ethnic group with different religiousbelief exists in the rural areas while in towns like Gondar there are people who belong toother ethnic group with different faith.

Leaal and Institutional FrameworkArticle 40.3 of the Ethiopian Constitution states the public ownership of both rural and urbanland as well as all natural resources. It further states that land is the common property ofthe Ethiopian people and cannot be subject to sale or to other means of exchange.Moreover, ownership of land is vested in the State and the people while rural and urbandwellers have only use rights over land.Further, Article 44.2 of the Constitution indicates that interventions for public goods thatcause the displacement of people or adversely affect the livelihood of the local populationshall give the right to commensurate monetary or other means of compensation includingrelocation (resettlement) with adequate State assistance.Proclamation no. 455/2005 is the latest and most relevant legal document in relation to

GO NDAR - DEBARK KOCKS\-.- ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

whose landholding has been permanently expropriated shall in addition to thecompensation, be paid for his displacement an amount equivalent to ten times the averageincome he secured during the preceding past five years. For a landholder whose landprovisionally expropriated shall be paid for lost income, based on the average annualincome secured for the preceding five years, until he/she repossesses the land. In bothcases the valuation formula for determining additional compensation (like for permanentland improvement) is not yet officially enacted. Those individuals who get a landreplacement shall be rewarded with the amount equivalent to the average annual incomesecured during the preceding five years.As per the proclamation an urban landholder whose land holding has been expropriatedshall be provided, apart from the estimated payment for the lost house, with a plot of urbanland to construct a house and be paid a displacement compensation equivalent to theannual rent of the demolished house or be allowed to live in a public house without rent forone year.

In order to conduct an effective and full-fledged compensation for project-affectedindividuals, the enactment of the subsequent regulations and policies is essential. Yet noneof these two important additional legal documents are officially issued. The broadframework with in the Proclamation no 455/2005 shall, however, continue to be binding inimplementing the compensation activities in Gondar - Debark Road Project.The above legal provisions have a strong relevance to the resettlement action plan that theERA undertakes while involved in road projects. The provisions in the constitution clearlystates Government's obligation not only to compensate for the works on land created by thelabour and capital of land users but also to compensate for the lost land through resettlingthe affected individuals/communities by the state programs with adequate assistance.The World Bank policy framework (OP 4.12) as adopted by the ERA also has the followingprovisions:

Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activitiesshould be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs,providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displacedby the project to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should bemeaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate inplanning and implementing resettlement programs.(WB Operational Policies 4.12:1, see APPENDIX 2)

This RAP has been prepared in recognition of the provisions stated in both the Country'slaws and The World Bank's guideline. Nevertheless, where there is conflict the Bank'sprovisions must take precedence.

Potential ImDacts of the Road ProiectThe major possible impacts of the proposed Gondar - Debark Road Project is due to the landneeded for widening/realigning the existing road and for other purposes like temporaryroads (detours, access roads), quarrying, borrow pit and camping/camp sites. There are,however, both positive and negative impacts as described below.

Positive ImpactsThe proposed road improvement/upgrading will have impacts that are manifested in theform of reductions in vehicle operating, transport and timing cost. The road will alsoimprove the transport facility and eventually introduces general socio economic dynamismto the life of the people who are now living at no more than subsistence level. In specificform the following impacts are expected from the road improvement/upgrading:- Improved trade and market facilities- Affecting the transaction costs in favour of the local economy- Increasing the availability of agricultural inputs- Attracting investments and business there by employment creation- Improving the social services like health, education, water supply

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GO N DAR - DE BARK KO C KS JROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

Negative ImpactsThough the merit of the road by far outweighs its demerit it will not be free from creatingthe following negative impacts:- Introducing and exacerbating the problem of communicable diseases like STIs and

HIV/AIDS- Attracting squatter settlements in the town sections- Noise and dust pollution (during construction)- Creating temporary discomfort on passage ways for humans and animals- Affecting farm lands through soil dumping, etc.- Land dispossession and demolishing of houses- Additional pressures on local social services

Impacts on Rural SectionsWith regards to the existing engineering design (ref. COWI-T-97/99) with realignment andimprovement sections and determined modifications for further optimisation the horizontaland vertical alignment for the improvement/upgrading of the Project Road differentsizes/areas of land are required in different locations to accommodate the new/improvedalignment sections.During the field surveys an assessment has been made on the significance of impacts duethe new alignments. Accordingly, it was found that the extent of impacts varies acrossdifferent realignment sections. In a few cases the land required for realignment entails thedispossession of a some portion of crop/grazing lands together with trees, passage ways,drainage structures and animal movement corridors. In other cases the impact is limited tothe dispossession of small size of land or the displacement of a few road side houses, whichis assumed to be contained with local level means and with modest outside support. Thetotal size of agricultural land affected permanently and temporarily is 400 and 570 hectaresrespectively.

Impacts on Urban SectionsThe existing engineering design (ref. COWI-T-97/99) for the Gondar - Debark road hasavoided any realignment in the urban sections of the project area so as not to causerelocation of houses and disturb the existing socio-economic facilities. Accordingly, in all ofthe major villages and towns located along the Project Road no significant disruption of theexisting status is expected due to the improvement of the existing road. In factimprovements in terms of drainage facilities, pedestrian walkways (where applicable) andothers have been included in the proposed road improvement/upgrading as part of benefitenhancement measures for residents of the towns. A total of 37 housing units (32 fully and5 partially) will be affected by the road construction in the main town centres indicatedabove.

Impacts on Services (Utilities)In close consultation with the respective owners (e.g. public utility authorities) the existingservices (utilities), such as drains, underground and overhead telephone and electricitylines, ducts, poles, water mains, fittings, etc. that will be affected by the Project have beeninvestigated. Subsequently, the required measures for either protection or relocation ofsuch services have been determined and a cost estimate is prepared accordingly. In termsof utilities, an electric line of 4,000 meters, a telephone line of 2,500 meters and a waterpipe line of 3,000 meters will be affected.

Vulnerable GroupsThe RAP implementation is expected to have special consideration for such vulnerablegroups as elderly, female headed households and disabled people. The Kebeleadministration is obliged to consider their special status and provide help during relocation.Their relocation site should not worsen their problem, and instead facilitate easycommunication and access to services and utilities. This needs close monitorino on thp nart

GO N DAR - DEBARK KOCKS >ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

Eligibility CriteriaEligibility for compensation and any claim is subject to a cut off date set during the socioeconomic field survey. Following the completion of the socio economic survey, the inventoryof properties was completed on 15 November 2006. This date is the cut off date beyondwhich no claim should be entertained for compensation

Land Requirement for temporary WorksLand required for detours and access roads to quarries and borrow pits is expected totemporarily dispossess certain crop land, grazing land or trees. Due to scarcity of cultivableland as well as for environmental reasons the reinstatement of these areas of land is a basicrequirement of the present RAP implementation planning and is considered in thepreparation of the tender/bidding documents of the present Project. 570 hectares of landwill be affected temporarily for purposes like detour, campsite, quarry site, borrow pit.

Summary of Main FindingsAs per the cadastral survey conducted along the Gondar-Debark road corridor, 1,500families will be affected at different degrees. A total of 400 hectares of land will bedispossessed permanently while about 570 hectares of land will also be affected fortemporary use like for detours and borrow pits. In citing this figure caution should be madethat a person who may lose a single tree and an individual who may lose considerable partof his land are included with in the same project affected people category. Besides, withfurther refinement of the road design the figure is quite subject for amendment in duecourse. The following table summarizes the major findings.

1 Location North Western(A) Region Amhara(B) Zone North Gondar

2 Road length existing/new 103 km / 100 km3 Status Upgrading from gravel to

bituminous standard4 Road functional classification Link road5 Proposed surfacing type DBSD/AC6 Number of project affected households 1,500 (150 female headed and

1,350 male headed) incl. 381PAPs of affected houses

7 Total number of project affected persons 7,5008 Institutional buildings to be affected 09 (a) Houses + Tukuls that will be affected fully 39 + 9 = 48

(b) Houses that will be affected partially 9____ (c) Total number of PAPs in Houses + Tukuls 381

10 Total number of structures to be affected None11 Loss of agricultural lands permanently 400 hectares12 Loss of lands temporarily (including detours) 570 hectares13 Loss of fruit trees land permanently 0 hectares1- 4 Total number of trees to be affected 5,00015 Electric lines to be affected 4,000m16 Telephone lines to be affected 2,500m17 Water pipes to be affected (2.5 and 3 inches) 3,000m

Compensation EntitlementsIn line with the main principle held by The World Bank, the project affected people areentitled to the compensation that will enable them to restore their livelihood to at least thepre-project situation. Accordingly the affected persons along the Gondar - Debark road willhp. Pntitl^rl t.^ vAriniicz t-vncz .^f rnmnancnfinn :nrl r-acn-FFI-nnf-n c--, -rk^-F -k l rA|ol-

GO NDAR - DEBARK KOCKS >x # ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

Entitlement MatrixType of Application Beneficiaries Compensation Issue foraffected Principles Consideration

Property/Loss1. Permanent All affected Farmers who - As much as possible - Identify land for compen-loss of land land located claim the land for land sation with in close

along the usufruct right replacement proximityproject corridor - Where land is scarce - Lost crops need to be(including full compensation as per compensated in line withROW, camp suggestion made in this the suggestion made in thesite, etc.) RAP and in consideration RAP and the proclamation.

to proclamation - List of all affected land455/2005 and households is required

- Participation of PAPs inthe compensation process

2. Temporary All affected Peasants who Provide full com- - List down all affectedloss of land land along the claim the pensation as per the land and house holds

road corridor usufruct right suggestion in the RAP. It - Reinstate the land used(especially is different from the for temporary use by thebeing used for compensation for Project, like detours andde tour, borrow permanent loss borrow pits, so thatpit and for peasants can reclaim theother land.temporary use - Compensate for benefit

forgone during theconstruction period

3. Loss of All affected - Persons who - Full compensation at a - List of al affectedresidential housing units own the replacement value and structures and householdsarea/house located with in houses in line with the - Compensation received

the road - Tenants suggestion of this RAP by Kebeles or others needcorridor - Persons who and the proclamation to be used to construct

has a legal - Provision of an equiva- houses for the affectedclaim for any lent accommodation to peoplestructures similar rent or a 3

month rent compen-sation- Relocate houses withinclose proximity withminimum disruption tothe original life style

4. Loss of Houses being - Owners of the - Full compensation to - List of all commercialcommercial use for business the owner activitiesand business commercial houses - Relocating the - Help people in findingactivities purposes along - Tenants business to similar suitable location to

the project location needed and, for continue with theircorridor tenants, to similar rent business. Location matters

in sustaining the business5. Loss of trees Trees located Land user, Full compensation as per -Inventory of all types of

on the land concession suggestion on this RAP trees (eucalyptus,required for holder, and other current indigenous, etc.)the road, squatters, parameters used by -Local support might beinfrastructure, communities, local agriculture office needed for people to getcamp, quarry, government seedlings to replant treesborrow, etc etc

6. Loss of As for Vulnerable Full compensation as per Mandatory consideration ofabove types respective groups principles nos. 1 to 6 issues nos. 1 to 6 withnos. 1 to 6 applications plus special assistance special attention to the

nos. 1 to 6 by the RAP needs of the vulnerableimplementationcommittee

Note: Eligibility strictly follows the cut off date as a threshold for entertaining any claim.

GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKSROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

Implementation of RAP and Monitoring PlanThe RAP prepared for the Gondar - Debark Road Project will be implemented and managedby the ERA Right-of-Way Branch together with the local authorities. This RAP has included amonitoring plan. The ERA Environmental Management and Safety Branch (EMSB) and theROW Branch will be responsible to monitor and evaluate the entire process. Issues to bemonitored include:- Compensation process (adequacy, timeliness, inclusiveness of the PAPs in the process,

etc.);- Restoration of livelihood and restitution of PAPs;- Appropriateness of the schedule for compensation and restoration;- Restoration of the public infrastructures and social services;- The need for special support and assistance made to vulnerable groups (like women

household heads, disabled, old people, etc.);- Appropriateness and existence of redress mechanisms for grievances and complaints.ERA through the EMSB will assign appropriate professionals to keep track of evaluations ofPAPs re-establishment and their socio-economic progress. Timely evaluation will be donelike on a quarterly basis for two years and annually for the last two years. Socio-economicevaluation will be based on comparison to pre-project situations using a number of keyindices for selected households.The monitoring report by ERA EMSB staff together with the RAP Implementing Committeewill be prepared. Besides, monthly, quarterly and annual progress reports will be preparedduring the implementation/construction of the Project and the supervision respectively.

Budget EstimatesAs per the assessment of the impact of the proposed road, the costs for compensation andthe implementation of the RAP have been estimated as follows.(i) Compensation cost for the 'Site of the permanent Works' comprising permanent and

temporary dispossession of land (with crops, trees, etc.), relocation of houses andstructures (e.g. fences, walls):

Estimated Cost ETB 1,130,000.00Add 15% for Contingencies ETB 170,000.00Add 15% for Price Escalation ETB 200,000.00Subtotal 1 ETB 1,500,000.00

(ii) Compensation for the site establishment (contractor's and engineer's office & houses):Estimated Cost ETB 303,000.00Add 15% for Contingencies ETB 45,000.00Add 15% for Price Escalation ETB 52,000.00Subtotal 2 ETB 400,000.00

(iii) Compensation cost for dispossession of land as part of the Site included in Bill No. 1,General Provisions, in the Bill of Quantities of the Works Contract (comprisingpermanent and temporary dispossession for e.g. detours, access/haul roads, borrowpits, quarries, deposit areas) excluding Tax/VAT:

Estimated Cost ETB 1,500,000.00Contractor's overheads (20%) ETB 300,000.00Add 10% for Contingencies ETB 180,000.00Subtotal 3 ETB 1,980,000.00

(iv) Relocation of public utility lines included in Bill No. 2, Site Clearance, in the Bill ofQuantities of the Works Contract excluding Tax/VAT:

Estimated Cost ETB 600,000.00Contractor's overheads (25%) ETB 150,000.00Add 10% for Contingencies ETB 75,000.00Subtotal 4 ETB 825,000.00

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II I I I II I I I I I I I I - I I I 1

GO N DAR - DEBARK KOCKS B\4, ROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Backaround to the Proiect

The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) formulatedin 1996 a ten-year Road Sector Development Programme (RSDP) for the arterialroad network to address one of Ethiopia's main problems hindering economicdevelopment.

In 1997 the RSDP was launched with the understanding that the situation of the roadnetwork was limited and the state of the roads was in a deplorable condition. Themajor objective of the RSDP was the improvement of the efficiency of transportoperation through the reduction of road transport costs, the provision of accessibilityto rural areas and the development of institutional capacity of the road sub-sector atcentral and regional levels.

Since its implementation, road investments are being realised within the frameworkof this programme. The first phase of RSDP (1997-2002) represented a significanteffort to restore the arterial road network to acceptable conditions, while the secondphase (2002-2007) aims to increase the network connectivity and provide asustainable road infrastructure to rural areas.

As the RSDP is extending up to June 2007 and as there will be a need for developingsubsequent programmes in future, the FDRE is preparing more projects for fundingby donors or own resources. Individual road projects are selected for inclusion in theRSDP on the basis of need assessment and taking into account traffic levels, roadcondition, access problems and others.

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia represented by the Ethiopian RoadsAuthority (ERA) endeavours to upgrade theGondar - Debark Roadin order to meet the requirements of the increased socio-economic activities alongthe project road corridor. The proposed upgrading and construction of the projectroad will have essential benefits to the Nation's economy as well as to theenvironment including:* promotion and enhancement of social and economic development along the

project road corridor and its catchment area respectively;* significant improvement of the general condition of Ethiopia's road network;* reduced vehicle operating cost (e.g. fuel consumption, maintenance cost);. increased road safety;* reduced travel time and greater comfort to motorists;- reduced noise and air pollution as well as dust nuisance.

Prior to a final decision for realisation, a detailed feasibility study includingenvironmental and social impact analysis as well as a Resettlement Action Plan willbe needed to establish a fully substantiated detailed economic justification foralternate types and levels of upgrading measures and investment strategiesappropriate for the Project.

The FDRE has received a grant from the International Development Association (IDA)towards the cost of consultancy services for the present Project comprisingthe REVIEW OF FEASIBILITY STUDY, REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTASSESSMENT, PREPARATION OF RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN, REVIEW OFDETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN AND TENDER DOCUMENTS for the GONDAR -DEBARK ROAD PROJECT under the Second Phase of the Road Sector Development

GO N DAR - DEBARK KOCKSROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

1.2 Contractual Backaround

The Contract for the consulting services for the'Review of Feasibility Study, Review of Environmental Impact Assessment,Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan, Review of Detailed Engineering Design andTender Documents for the Gondar - Debark Road Project'between the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) and the Joint Venture of Kocks ConsultGmbH - Metaferia Consulting Engineers P.L.C. was signed by the parties on 29November 2005, which is the date the Contract became effective according to Article2.1 of the General Conditions of Contract.

1.3 Scone of Services

The Terms of Reference (TOR) and the Contract respectively define in detail thescope of services of the present Project, which shall be carried out in two phases:

Phase 1:Review of Feasibility Study, Review of Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA) and Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan(RAP)

(i) Review of Feasibility Study and Review of Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA)Recently, in 2003, a detailed Feasibility Study and an EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Study were prepared for the Gondar - Shire Road'of which the present Project concerns the first approximately 100 kmlong section.A review and assessment of the existing data and information isrequired, which will be amended/supplemented and updated by fieldinvestigations/surveys and subsequent analysis for the formulation offinalised detailed recommendation, both economical and environmental.

(ii) Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)The land acquisition/compensation and resettlement requirements inthe right-of-way (ROW) for the proposed upgrading of the projectroad shall be assessed in accordance with the World Bank'sOperational Policy OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement and theERA Resettlement / Rehabilitation Policy Framework respectively. As aresult a full Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) or an "abbreviated" RAPshall be prepared.

Phase 2: Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender DocumentsAccording to the TOR and the Contract respectively, Project Phase 2 shallonly commence on the written authorisation of the ERA which will becontingent upon satisfactoy, technical, environmental, financial andeconomic results in Project Phase 1.Previously, in 1997 to 1999, Detailed Engineering Designs and TenderDocuments were prepared for the Gondar - Mereb Road2. These designsand documents were sub-divided into 3 Lots with Lot 1 covering the first140 km long Gondar - Zarima section, of which the present Projectconcerns the first approximately 100 km up to Debark town.

Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment of Eighteen Roads (Package B RoadProject), Road No. 2 Gondar - Shire, Final Report, May 2003, Systra Sotecni in association withSPT and Panaf Consult.

2 Gondar-Mereb Road Upgrading Project, Detailed Engineering Design and Tender DocumentPreparation, 1997/1999, COWI-TCDE Joint Venture of Lyngby/Denmark in association withC- To:=rn - M T-1-r

GONDAR - DEBARKKO SR O A D P EC T A I N G E N I E U R E

With regards to the results and findings of the above mentioned ProjectPhase 1 a review and assessment of the existing designs is required andnecessary amendments/supplements will be made based on fieldinvestigations and surveys under the present Project for the subsequentpreparation of the finalised detailed design documents.Based on these finalised detailed design documents and therecommendation arising from Project Phase 1 (e.g. EIA, RAP) as well asunder consideration of the most recent World Bank and ERA requirements(e.g. ERA Standard Technical Specifications - 2002) the existing tenderdocuments will be reviewed and updated to prepare the finaltender/bidding documents for the Project to be executed through theprocess of International Competitive Bidding (ICB).

1.4 Obiectives of the RAP

The objective of the RAP is to identify and evaluate the potential impacts associatedwith project implementation and subsequent operation, and the determination ofappropriate measures to minimise adverse impacts and to enhance beneficialimpacts. Most of the mitigation measures are outlined in the Environmental ImpactAssessment Report (ref EIA-2006).

With regards to the dense population and the scarcity of cultivable land the majorpotential impact of the proposed road upgrading project on the socio-economicenvironment and on the livelihood of the communities respectively is due to the landneeded for:=> widening/realigning the existing road = permanent land requirement; and=> for other purposes like temporary roads, quarrying, borrow pit and camping/camp

sites = temporary land requirement;affecting cultivated and grazing land as well as houses/buildings, other structuresand trees.

Consequently, and in accordance with the TOR of the RAP a detailed RESETTLEMENTACTION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING has been prepared (the TOR for EIA andRAP are attached in APPENDIX 1).

Taking into account the above findings, the term Land Compensation3 isexclusively used in the ensuing paragraphs and chapters describing the activitiescarried out under the present Project.

The major possible impact of the proposed road improvement/upgrading project isdue to the land needed for widening/realigning the existing road and for otherpurposes like temporary roads (detours, access roads), quarrying, borrow pit andcamping/camp sites. The RAP implementation planning represents a separatedetailed planning phase of the present Project, where:- procedures were developed to restore the livelihood of the affected individuals in

accordance with the ERA Resettlement / Rehabilitation Policy Framework;- based on the engineering design drawings of the new/upgraded road, the

cadastral survey information and the land use & structures inventory (e.g.cadastral boundaries of identified plots, houses, fences) RAP implementationplans/drawings were prepared; and

The TOR uses the wording 'land acquisition', which has been modified to 'land compensation'in order to meet more correctly the land ownership situation according to the Ethiopian

GO N DAR - D E BARK KOCKS 3ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

- the valuation of affected land, structures, trees, etc. is compiled and thedetermined compensation requirement is specified with land replacement (areas),if available, and calculated costs of compensation for affected trees, the loss ofincome and the relocation of affected structures.

1.5 Location and Brief Description of the Proiect Road

The Gondar - Debark road is located in Amahra National Regional State in thenorthern part of Ethiopia and is part of one of the major south-north links in theCountry. Amahra State has an international border with the Sudan in the west andthe national boundaries are with Tigray in the north-east, with Afar in the east, withOromiya in the south and with Benishangul-Gumuz in the south-west.

The existing road was originally built with a Telford base and penetration macadamduring the Italian occupation between 1936 and 1940. The road was constructedmainly by manual labour, and with the aim to limit the size/height of major drainagestructures as well as to minimise earthworks, its alignment follows closely thecontours of the natural ground, resulting in a horizontal alignment with narrowcurves in the mountainous and hilly sections on the one hand but also in relativelygentle gradients (vertical alignment) on the other hand.

The Project Road is a major link providing access to a large part of Amahra Regionand a short cut to important agricultural and tourist areas in the Simien Mountains.At present, the poor state of most sections of the road imposes difficulties and heavycosts in the movement of goods and people. As a result, the road's condition hindersnational and sub-regional development and integration.

The Project Road starts at the Martyrs Square in Gondar, the big roundabout 720mfrom the Gondar Telecom building at the centre of the Town, and it ends after103 km (existing road length) shortly after the Debark town passage.

The initial bituminous surface has completely deteriorated with a few patches of itremaining only and the existing road has reverted to gravel standard. The roadcondition can be described as generally POOR:- Although the first about 40km long section from Gondar to Amba Georgis has

received a regravelling in early 2005, the surface is very rough since naturalgravel material with a high amount of oversize particles was used.

- In December 2005 the road section from Amba Georgis to Debark was found invery bad and extremely rough condition with an exposed Telford surface for mostof its length. However, at the end of December 2005 a major maintenancecommenced, but the road surface and the road condition respectively may bedescribed as fair to poor only due to the coarse natural gravel materials used.

The width of the existing gravel/Telford carriageway is 5.5 to 6.0 m with shoulders ofabout 1.0 m each. In many respects the existing Gondar - Debark road section islacking basic road/traffic safety requirements (e.g. narrow/sub-standard curves, poorbridge approaches). In summary the existing rood condition causes hazard andextreme discomfort to the road users.

Between Gondar and Debark the road passes through a number of villages andtowns which major locations are: Weleka, Amba Georgis, Gedebeye, Dabat andWoken.

The geology along the Project Road consists of two rock groups, both of whichbelong to the same series, the Trap Series, as it has been identified on the geologicalmap of Ethiopia and during an assessment of the road corridor:

_8) G O N DA R - D E BARK KOCKSR ROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

- Along the first about 85 kilometres, the geology predominantly consists of theAshangi group volcanics which are alkaline basalt with imbedded pyroclastics andrare rhyolites that most probably origin from basaltic sills near Tikil Dingay on theGondar - Humera road. The basaltic flow varies in thickness, the thickest basalt isfound around km 20 and the thinnest around km 85.

- Along the road section between existing road chainage km 85 and Debark(chainage km 103) the geology predominantly consists of the Shield group thatmainly consists of porphoritic amygdaloidal basalt.

The topography along the Gondar - Debark road section can be described aspredominantly rolling with some hilly and mountainous sections:- chainage km 1.6 to km 3.5 hilly- chainage km 3.5 to km 12.0 rolling to hilly- chainage km 12.0 to km 16.5 mountainous- chainage km 16.5 to km 25.8 hilly- chainage km 25.8 to km 27.6 mountainous- chainage km 27.6 to km 103.0 rolling

6.3 km or 6.2% mountainous, 11.2 km or 11% hilly, 8.5 km or 8.4% rolling to hilly,75.4 km or 74.4% rolling.

The Gondar and Debark areas show intensive agricultural use of 95% with about65% crop cultivation, 20% grassland, 10% tree plantations and bush & shrub landand a remaining approximately 5% portion which cannot be utilised (e.g. rockyareas).

Ethiopia has three climatic zones: a cool zone of the high plateaux above 2,400m, atemperate zone between 1,500 and 2,400m and the hot lowlands below 1,500m. Theclimate in the project area lies predominantly within the cool zone. In daytimetemperatures rarely rise above 300C in Gondar and 250C in Debark and rarely fallbelow 100C and 60C respectively; the average mean temperature is 210C in Gondarand 140C in Debark.

There are two main seasons in the Ethiopian highlands. The dry season ("bega")lasts from October to June. The main rainy season ("meher" or "keremt") last fromJuly through September; these rains are often heavy and continuous. The meanannual rainfall in the project area varies between 980mm and 1,100mm.

The start of the road at Gondar is at an altitude of about 2,300 m, it descends to2,200 m at the Angereb river bridge (chainage km 5.0) north-west of Weleka(Humera junction) and reaches its "peak" with an altitude of slightly above 3,000 mat chainage km 34.1, five kilometres before Amba Georgis (altitude of 2,960 m).From there the road descends to the Temame river bridge at chainage km 47.0 andan altitude of 2,686 m. Then the terrain undulates between 2,775 m (chainagekm 60.2) and 2,565 m of the Alem Watch river bridge at Dabat (chainage km 73.1).For the next 30 kilometres the altitude varies between 2,635 m and 2,790 m(chainage km 75.9 and km 96.1) until the roads ends at an altitude of about2,850 m at Debark.

The width of the existing road is in general 8.0 m with a gravel surfaced carriagewayof 5.0 to 6.0 m. For the first 38.5 km up to Amba Georgis the road pavement is infair to poor condition with a series of distresses (potholes, rutting, corrugations,erosion gullies, etc.). This road section had received a regravelling in 2004. BeyondAmba Georgis to the end of the Project Road in Debark the gravel has been lost forlengthy sections of the road and the exposed Telford base surface is of very poorriding quality causing hazard and extreme discomfort to the road users and allows a- - -4 -- 1 I.... Art 1,- -L 1- -_

{.8) GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS >ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

Most of the existing major structures between Gondar and Debark are archstructures, bridges and culverts, of stone masonry type. Other structure types areconcrete box and pipe culverts, and slab concrete culverts and bridges. A visualassessment of the substructures and superstructures of these major structuresshowed that they are, with a few exceptions, generally in fair to good condition.

The Gondar-Debark road forms part of the Bahir Dar to Axum route corridor and,apart from localized connectivity it provides between the two trip ends, serves asalternative access to major Ethiopia's travel and tourist destinations, comprising sitesof natural, historic as well as cultural heritages. Travel and tour destinations,situated in the northern part of the Country along 'the historic tourism route',comprise the town of Bahir Dar and the Lake Tana areas located south of ProjectRoad, the medieval city of Gondar and the Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP).Farther north off the Project Road, some 350km from Gondar, is the ancient town ofAxum. These tourist attraction sites, notably Gondar, Axum and SMNP, are amongstthe UNESCO enlisted World Heritage Sites Ethiopia offers to the world.

Gondar:Gondar, also referred to as 'the Camelot of Africa', is known for its medieval periodcastle-like palaces, the first of kind built by one of the renown Ethiopia's monarchs,Emperor Fassilledes in 1632. Gondar used to be the political capital of Ethiopia forwell over 300 years. This historic town also houses a number of monasteries as wellas Orthodox Christian churches built centuries back.

Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP):Near the end of the Project Road (about 30km east of Debark) lies one of Ethiopia'sfinest natural tourist attractions, the Simien Mountains National Park, a protectedzone measuring some 180 square kilometres. The SMNP established in 1958 byproclamation, is well known for its highest mountain peak, the Ras Dashen, risingwell over 4,600m a.s.l. The Ras Dashen peak ranks the second tallest in thecontinent of Africa, following Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Further, the Park hostssome of the world's endemic wild lives; Walia (Abyssinian) Ibex, Gelada Baboon,Simien Red Fox and beautiful birds, Lammergeyer, Augur Buzzard, Verreaux's Eagle,kestre, and Falcan, some of which are rarest bird species sheltered across thespectacular mountain park. While the town of Debark is situated at the westernfringe of the park (which supposedly is outside the buffer zone of the SMNP), the RasDashen apex is east off the town some 90km by mountain track.

1.6 Socio-economic Condition of the Project Area

General sociological Characteristic of the Project AreaFrom the agro-ecological and socio-ecological point of view the Gondar - Debarkarea is relatively homogenous. The area is situated in the Highland zone between2,200m and 3,000m a.s.l. and falls in the agro-ecological category 'Dega zone'.Rainfall between 900 and 1,500 mm/year and temperatures of less than 160C inaverage characterise this zone which has been intensively cultivated. The Dega zoneis also relatively free from vector-borne diseases, particularly malaria. For thesereasons the highest concentration of population occurs in the Amhara region.

Agriculture is the main basis of livelihood (85 %) in the Amhara region. The highlandagriculture system is characterised by the integration of crop and livestockproduction and livestock husbandry is an important source of food, cash income andinsurance against crop failure. The main cereals produced in the area are wheat,millet, barley and teff. The soils are very susceptible to soil erosion with high rates ofsoil loss.


Gondar to Amba Georgis over Dabat to Debark. The entire road falls into NorthGondar Zone and into the Amhara Regional State.

PopulationThe settlement pattern of the project area indicates that there is high concentrationof people on Gondar to Debark town section where intensive mixed agriculture isbeing practised. The population (year 2000 figures) of the Woredas falling in theproject area is shown in Table 1.1 below.

Table 1.1: Woreda Population

Region Zone Woreda Population Population Population Area DensityTOTAL MALE FEMALE (km'2 ) (Persons

perk2)

Amhara North Dabat 143,444 72,275 71,169 1,199.15 119.6Gonder Debark 146,760 73,252 73,508 1,512.22 97

Gondar 156,087 78,670 77,417 40.27 3,876Special Zone

Wegera 232,329 117,826 114,503 1,286.76 180.6

Source: CSA, Ethiopia - Statistical Abstract 2000.

Table 1.2: Town Population along Gondar - Debark Road

Location Town Name Population(km existing Road)

0 Gondar Zonal Capital North Gonder 156,087

38 Amba Georgis, Woreda Town 6,83359.4 Gedebeye 4,80573.2 Dabat, Woreda Town 12,13886.5 Woken 3,04599.3 Debark, Woreda Town 20,026

Source: CSA, Ethiopia - Statistical Abstract 2000.

Role and Status of WomenWomen in the project area and generally in the rural areas of Ethiopia have to carrya very high portion of the communities' and respectively families' workload. Theirmain activities are to haul water and fuel wood over long distances, preparing foodand to work in the fields. Further, the women are the majority of the vendors foundat the market places and many shops and restaurants/bars along the project roadare run by women.

In addition to the above described burden of workload the social situation of thewoman is much restricted due to traditional feudal and patriarchal social norms.Thus, only a minor portion of rural women is literate, they are often very youngwhen married, have an average of seven children.

Economic ActivitiesThe project area is a high potential cereal zone and agro-pastoral zone in the ruggedarea. It is dominated by a mixed type of agricultural activities with limited cash cropproduction. The area is prone to erosion since appropriate protective measures arerare. The major cereal crops grown include wheat, millet, barley and teff. Small scale

_ GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS >\ ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

areas, along the roadside and in the vicinity of villages/towns, eucalyptus plantationscan be found. Most parts of the area are stony and rugged, but neverthelesscultivated. Only small plots of land are left for livestock grazing, but sheep and horsepopulation is high especially in the Dabat and Debark areas. Main market centresare: Gondar, Amba Georgis, Dabat and Debark.

Industrial activities are largely dominated by small scale metallurgy, wood andleather work and other small artesian activities. The major industrial establishment isthe Dashen brewery located in the southern part of Gondar town.

One of the major economic activities in the Gondar - Debark region is tourism. InGondar, the Fasil Castle ( 17th century), the Debre Berhan Selassie church and thetown itself are famous tourist destinations. In the Debark region the SimienMountains National Park and the Lema Limo National Park are the most attractivespots of the region.

According to the road side interviews with local residents and business people theproposed road upgrading is expected to trigger considerable development in theagro-industrial sector and primarily in the tourism sector as the project area isendowed with potential resources.

The Gondar - Debark road section has a more strategic significance in terms oflinking the Country with the whole of northern Ethiopia up to the border with Eritrea.It has a big potential for touristic (Gondar, Debark, Axum) and agriculturaldevelopment in addition to providing inter-connection between Addis Ababa andnorthern Ethiopia.

GO N DAR - DE BARK KOKCCKS' wi ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

2. POLICY. LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

2.1 National Policy and Strategies

2.1.1 The Constitution

As the major binding document for all other derivative national and regional policies,laws and regulations, the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia,Proclamation 1/1995, has several provisions, which have direct policy, legal andinstitutional relevance for the appropriate implementation of the resettlement actionplans, which are being prepared by the Ethiopian Roads Authority.

Article 40.3 of the Constitution states the public ownership of both rural and urbanland as well as all natural resources. It further states that land is the commonproperty of the Ethiopian people and cannot be subject to sale or to other means ofexchange. Moreover, ownership of land is vested in the State and the people whilerural and urban dwellers have only use rights over land. A use right gives the user ofthe land the right to use the land and the right to benefit from the fruits of her/hislabour which may be crops, trees, etc. found on the land or any permanent workssuch as buildings etc.

Article 44 provides that all persons have the right to a clean healthy environmentand further emphasises that the pollutant shall pay in violating the basic right. Article92 states that all Ethiopians shall live in clean and health environment; no damageor destruction happened to those basic environmental rights. People have the rightto full consultation and the community has the right to express its views in theplanning and implementation of environment policies and deals with the projects thatdirectly affect them. The Government and citizens shall have the duty to protect theenvironment and mitigate the affected parts. All those aspects have to be consideredin infrastructure development and road projects respectively as explicitly stated inthe Road Transport Guidelines (EPA, 1996, Environmental Law, 2003 and theConservation Strategies of Ethiopia I, II and III).

Further, Article 44.2 of the Constitution indicates that interventions for public goodsthat cause the displacement of people or adversely affect the livelihood of the localpopulation shall give the right to commensurate monetary or other means ofcompensation including relocation (resettlement) with adequate State assistance.

This provision has a strong relevance to the resettlement action plan that ERAundertakes while involved in road projects. The provisions in the constitution clearlystates Government's obligation not only to compensate for the works on land createdby the labour and capital of land users but also to compensate for the lost landthrough resettling the affected individuals/communities by the State programmeswith adequate assistance.

2.1.2 Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE)

Since the early 1990s, the Federal Government has undertaken a number ofinitiatives to develop regional, national and sectoral strategies for environmentalconservation and protection. Paramount amongst these was the ConservationStrategy of Ethiopia (CSE, 1996), which provided a strategic framework forintegrating environmental planning into new and existing policies programmes andprojects.

The CSE is an important policy document which views environmental managementfrom several perspectives, particularly recognising the importance of incorporatingenvironmental factors into development activities from the outset, so that plannersmay take into account environmental protection as an essential component of

IF_ GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS ,__ ROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

2.1.3 The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia

The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE) has provisions quite relevant to road andtransportation projects concerning impact assessment, resettlement andrehabilitation issues. The major elements are:* to ensure that environmental impact assessments (EIA) consider not only physical

and biological impacts but also address social, socio-economic, political andcultural conditions;

* to recognise that public consultation is an integral part of an EIA (Proclamation299/2002, Part Five-Article 15, Public Participation) and ensure that EIAprocedures make provision for both an independent review and public commentbefore consideration of decision makers;

* to ensure that an environmental impact statement always includes mitigationplans for environmental management problems and contingency plans in case ofaccidents;

* to ensure that, at specified intervals during the project implementation,environmental audits regarding monitoring, inspection and record keeping takeplace for activities where these have been required by the Environmental ImpactStatement (Proclamation 299/2002, Part Four-Articlel2, ImplementationMonitoring);

* to ensure that preliminary and full EIAs are undertaken by the relevant sectoralministries or departments, if in the public sector, and by the developer, if in theprivate sector, in accordance with Proclamation No. 299/2002 in order to predictand manage the environmental effects of proposed development activities andresulting in modification or termination of its design or ongoingconstruction/operation;

* to create by law an EIA process which requires appropriate environmental impactstatements and environmental audits for private and state development projects;

* to establish the necessary institutional framework and determine the linkages ofits parts for undertaking, coordinating and approving EIAs and the subsequentsystem of environmental audits required to ensure compliance withconditionalities;

* to develop detailed sectoral technical guidelines in EIAs and environmental audits;* to ensure that social, socio-economic, political and cultural conditions are

considered in environmental impact assessment procedures and included insectoral guidelines; and

* to develop EIA and environmental audit capacity and capability in theEnvironmental Protection Authority, sectoral ministries and agencies as well as inthe regions.

2.1.4 Sectoral Environmental Policies

Several detailed sectoral environmental policies are currently in various stages ofpreparation and of particular note are the following:

Water Resource PolicyThe Ministry of Water Resources has formulated the Federal Water Resource Policyfor a comprehensive and integrated water resource management. The overall goal ofthe water resources policy is to enhance and promote all national efforts towards theefficient and optimum utilisation of the available water resources for socio-economicdevelopment on sustainable bases. The policies are to establish and institutionaliseenvironment conservation and protection requirements as integral parts of waterresources planning and project development.

GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS :4-. ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

Wildlife PolicyIt was developed by the Ministry of Agriculture whose prime objective is thepreservation, development and sustainable utilisation of Ethiopia's wildlife resourcesfor social and economic development and for the integrity of thebiosphere/biodiversity. This is at present in draft form, and covers a wide range ofpolicies and strategies relating, amongst others, to wildlife conservation andprotected areas with four categories from the highest protection ranking 'NationalPark', followed by 'Game Reserve' and 'Sanctuary' to 'Controlled Hunting Area'.

Proclamation on Conservation, Development and Utilisation of ForestsThis Proclamation was issued in 1994 (Proclamation No. 94/1994) to provide for theConservation, Development and Utilisation of Forests. The objective of thisProclamation is to provide the basis for sustainable utilisation of the country's forestresources. The Proclamation categorises types of forest ownership (State, regionaland private forests). It provides the power for designation, demarcation, andregistration of forests to the Ministry of Agriculture and Regional Governments. TheProclamation then goes on to give some specific direction for the utilisation of Stateand Regional Forests, and lists prohibited activities within protected forests.

National Population PolicyThis Policy was issued in April 1993 and aims at closing the gap between highpopulation growth and low economic productivity through a planned reduction inpopulation growth combined with an increase in economic returns. With specificreference to natural resources, the main objectives National Population Policy are:- Making population and economic growth compatible and the over-exploitation of

natural resources unnecessary;- Ensuring spatially balanced population distribution patterns, with a view to

maintaining environmental security and extending the scope of developmentactivities;

- Improving productivity of agriculture and introducing off-farm non-agriculturalactivities for the purpose of employment diversification; and

- Maintaining and improving the carrying capacity of the environment by takingappropriate environmental protection and conservation measures.

National Policy on WomenThis Policy was issued in March 1993 emphasising that all economic and socialprogrammes and activities should ensure equal access of men and women to theCountry's resources and in the decision making process so that they can benefitequally from all activities carried out by the Federal and Regional Institutions.

2.1.5 Land Tenure

Land is the property of the state/public and does not require compensation. The landproclamations 31/1975 of rural land and 47/1975 of urban land state that theGovernment holds the ownership of land, it is the property of the Ethiopian People.Article 7(72) of proclamation 4/1975 states that the Government shall pay faircompensation for property found on the land, but the amount of compensation shallnot take any value of the land into account, because land is owned by the State.

Proclamation No.55/1993, article 5, 2(k), states that the ERA shall use, free ofcharge, land and such other resources and quarry substances for the purpose ofconstruction of highways, camp, storage of equipment and other required services,provided, however, that it shall pay compensation in accordance with the law forproperties on the land it uses.

Tl.- n:.L v- .. L.. .. t n........ tInl -A.X - LL IJI- - -.1

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public use in road construction, rehabilitation and maintenance work. For example inthe ERA Geometric Design Manual - 2002 (Tables 2-3 through 2-7) 50m width oneither side of the road centreline fall into the legal ROW for roads of DesignStandards DS1 to DS5. Thus, property within those limits could beremoved/demolished by the road authority without public consultation.

2.1.6 Proclamation No.455/2005

Proclamation No. 455/2005 'Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes andPayment of Compensation' provides the main framework in undertaking resettlementand compensation activities in the Country. The Proclamation is addressing theprocedures and the responsibilities of the implementing agencies for theexpropriation of land holdings for public purposes, and the procedures for valuationof properties and for the determination and payment of appropriate compensation.

As per the Proclamation a rural land owner whose land has been permanentlyexpropriated shall, in addition to other the compensation, be paid displacementcompensation equivalent to ten years of the average annual income he/she earnedduring the five preceding years. On the other hand land holders whose land is takenprovisionally/temporarily be paid, in addition to other compensation, be paid adisplacement compensation until he/she repossess his/her land. This would be basedon the average income securing during the five preceding years.

The approach/methodology taken for the present calculations for compensation isrelated to the amount as proposed in this recent Proclamation. The infinitive cashcompensation, for instance, found to be more or less equivalent to the one proposedin the Proclamation.

2.2 Environmental Legislation Framework

The Federal Government has recently approved three Proclamations. These representa framework building on the policies and strategies set out in the CSE and the EPE,which sets out basic and general provisions for the regulation of environmentalmatters and is proposed to be supplemented in due course by more sector-specificlegislation.

The following three proclamations are currently enforced by the EPA:- Proclamation No. 298/2002 on Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs;- Proclamation No. 299/2002 on Environmental Impact Assessment; and- Proclamation No. 300/2002 on Environmental Pollution Control.

2.2.1 Proclamation on Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs

This Proclamation No. 298/2002 re-established the Environmental ProtectionAuthority (EPA), Sectoral and Regional environmental units and agencies.

The objective of this Proclamation is to formally lay down the institutionalarrangements necessary to ensure environmentally sustainable management anddevelopment, both at Federal and at Regional level. A series of institutionalmandates, which extend the powers and duties of the EPA beyond those defined inthe enabling legislation, which established this body.

2.2.2 Proclamation on Environmental Impact Assessment

The aim of this Proclamation No. 299/2002 is to make an EIA mandatory forspecified categories of activities undertaken either by the public or private sectorsand is the leaal tool for environmental nlanninn- mananpmPnt snri mnnitnrinn

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The Proclamation elaborates on considerations with respect to the assessment ofpositive and negative impacts and states that the impact of a project shall beassessed on the basis of the size, location, nature, cumulative effect with otherconcurrent impacts or phenomena, trans-regional context, duration, reversibility orirreversibility or other related effects of a project. Categories of projects that willrequire full EIA (given in an Annex to the Proclamation), not full EIA (some negativeimpacts expected but not too serious) or no EIA (for reasons of "special" or"overriding interests").

To affect the requirements of this Proclamation the EPA issued an 'EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Guideline Document (May 2000)', which provides in depth detailto the EIA process and its requirements. The Guideline follows the conventionalpattern adopted in many other countries and makes provision for screening,scooping, identification and evaluation of impacts, the development of environmentalmanagement and monitoring plans, consideration of alternatives, etc.

2.2.3 Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control

This Proclamation No. 300/2002 is mainly based on the right of each citizen to havea healthy environment, as well as on the obligation to protect the environment of theCountry and its primary objective is to provide the basis from which the relevantambient environmental standards applicable to Ethiopia can be developed, and tomake the violation of these standards a punishable act. The Proclamation states thatthe "polluter pays" principle will be applied to all persons. Under this proclamation,the EPA is given the mandate for the creation of the function of EnvironmentalInspectors. These inspectors (to be assigned by EPA or regional environmentalagencies) are given the authority to ensure implementation and enforcement ofenvironmental standards and related requirements.

2.3 Institutional and Administrative Framework

2.3.1 Federal and Regional Administration

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia comprises of the Federal states withnine Regional State members. The Federal Government acts from the centre to theregions and localities, and its respective duties and authority including fiscal mattersat the different levels (Federal, Regional and Local) have been defined by theConstitution.

The duties and responsibilities of the Regional States include planning, directing anddeveloping social and economic programmes as well as the administration,development and protection of natural resources of their respective regions. Thebasic administrative units in each Regional Government are the Woredas, which sub-units are the Kebeles in urban areas and farmers associations in rural areas. Further,based on their authority and responsibilities the regional governments haveestablished Sectoral Bureau, Commissions and Authorities.

2.3.2 Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)

One of the environmental policies of the EPA is to protect and rehabilitate thefundamental causes that lead to degradation, adverse effects and determinemitigation measures. The policy is usually integrated and compatible to fit to a longterm economic development strategy known as agricultural development-ledindustrialisation (ADLI) and other key policies. As per sub-article 2 of article 6 ofProclamation No.9 of 1995, environmental development and management as well asprotection in Ethiopia are designated. In this case the socio-environmentalassessment needs to be reviewed and incorporated into different road projectphases: at designing & planning, construction, monitoring, post-project evaluation- -A ; ---- - -

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2.3.3 Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA)

The Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) was established in 1951 through proclamationNo.63/1963 with responsibilities for the construction, improvement and maintenanceof the Country's road network. The highest body in the management hierarchy is theboard.

Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch (EMSB)ERA's Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch (EMSB) was established inJanuary 1998 as Environmental Management Branch (EMB) under the Planning andProgramming Division of the Engineering and Regulatory Department. EMSB majorresponsibilities are setting and implementing ERA's environmental guidelines insupport of the national level requirements. The EMSB holds the capacity of advisory,coordination and supervision aspects that are pertinent to the road environmentalimpacts and implication assessment as well as coordination with the respective ERAdistrict offices.

Right-of-Way (ROW) BranchThe ERA Right-of-Way Branch, part of the Construction Contract ImplementationDivision, is responsible for making available the required land for road/highwayconstruction and maintenance, the establishment of materials sources (borrow pitsand quarries) and camp sites and for implementation of Resettlement Action Plans(RAP).

Right-of-Way Branch in liaison with the respective regional/local authorities, Woredacouncils, Kebele administrations and community representatives establishes therequired compensation for structures, crop, vegetation and others, and effectspayments to the PAPs.

2.3.4 Regional and Local Government Bodies

In accordance with the principles of government decentralisation set out in theEthiopian Constitution, the Regional States shall establish their own independentregional environmental agencies or designate existing agencies that shall beresponsible for environmental monitoring, protection and regulation within theirrespective jurisdictions. These are expected to reflect the environmentalmanagement requirements at local level.

2.3.5 Environmental Protection Unit

The above described Proclamation on Establishment of Environmental ProtectionOrgans requires at the Federal level each sectoral ministry to establish in-houseEnvironmental Protection Units to ensure harmony with respect to implementation ofthe environmental proclamations and other environmental protection requirements.These Units will form a lower level inter-sectoral coordination structure.

2.4 Ethiopian Roads Authority's Policy Framework

2.4.1 ERA Environmental Procedures Manual

In order to standardise environmental procedures for design of new roads andrehabilitation of existing roads the ERA, in consultation with the EthiopianEnvironmental Protection Authority (EPA), has prepared an EnvironmentalProcedures Manual for the use and technical guidance of design personnel of the ERAand consultants preparing projects for the Authority.

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to environmental management activities to be conducted during each phase of theroad project cycle, including the preparation and supervision of works contracts aswell as the execution of road construction, rehabilitation and maintenance works.

2.4.2 ERA Resettlement / Rehabilitation Policy Framework

Apart from the broad policy frameworks at national level, the main reference behindthe preparation of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is ERA's guiding principles asstipulated in its Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy Framework. The principles inthe framework are adopted basically from the World Bank's policy on resettlementand rehabilitation. The following statement is quoted from the ERA's Resettlementand Rehabilitation Framework to show when and where a RAP is required or not.

At project identification, social screening/social impact assessment (SIA) of thesubprojects will be conducted with the aim to determine whether or not a subprojectwould require detailed resettlement action plans as specified in World Bank policy.The principles of compensation/rehabilitation will be triggered wherever there will beland acquisition and adverse social impacts. Should, however, the SIA findings revealthat more than 200 persons are affected by a subproject, a resettlement action planwill have to be prepared. The World Bank OP 4.12 states:

Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activitiesshould be conceived and executed as sustainable developmentprograms, providing sufficient investment resources to enable thepersons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displacedpersons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunitiesto participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs.(WB Operational Policies 4.12:1, see APPENDIX 2)

Concerning compensation of lost assets and properties current regulations/laws usedby the ERA need to be considered as well as the recent Proclamation No.455/2005.

This RAP has been prepared in recognition of the provisions stated in both theCountry's laws and The World Bank's guideline. Nevertheless, where there is conflictthe Bank's provisions must take precedence.

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3. METHODOLOGY

3.1 General Remarks on the RAP Implementation Planning

As indicated earlier the Gondar - Debark Road Project is expected not to causesignificant disruption to the inhabitants residing along the Project Road. Theinventories show that a very limited number of houses in the rural sections appearvulnerable for any possible relocation. In the final design there has been an attemptto avoid major disruption in the town section and minimised the number of houses tobe relocated.

Most of the impacts, especially caused by land required for realignment and otherconstruction purposes, are deemed to be contained with proper compensation forlost assets, for lost income basis and with other logistical support. The present RAPimplementation planning provides details of the relocation/dispossession and thatshows the appropriate compensation requirements for assets, logistical support formoving, and relocation grant and also other requirements is prepared.

3.2 Entitlement

Entitlement for claim and compensation is summarized in the following Table.

Table 3.1: Entitlement Matrix

Type of Application Beneficiaries Compensation Issue foraffected Principles Consideration

Property/Loss1. Permanent All affected Farmers who - As much as possible - Identify land for compen-loss of land land located claim the land for land sation with in close

along the usufruct right replacement proximityproject corridor - Where land is scarce - Lost crops need to be(including full compensation as per compensated in line withROW, camp suggestion made in this the suggestion made in thesite, etc.) RAP and in consideration RAP and the proclamation.

to proclamation - List of all affected land455/2005 and households is required

- Participation of PAPs inthe compensation process

2. Temporary All affected Peasants who Provide full com- - List down all affectedloss of land land along the claim the pensation as per the land and house holds

road corridor usufruct right suggestion in the RAP. It - Reinstate the land used(especially is different from the for temporary use by thebeing used for compensation for Project, like detours andde tour, borrow permanent loss borrow pits, so thatpit and for peasants can reclaim theother land.temporary use - Compensate for benefit

forgone during theconstruction period

3. Loss of All affected - Persons who - Full compensation at a - List of al affectedresidential housing units own the replacement value and structures and householdsarea/house located with in houses in line with the - Compensation received

the road - Tenants suggestion of this RAP by Kebeles or others needcorridor - Persons who and the proclamation to be used to construct

has a legal - Provision of an equiva- houses for the affectedclaim for any lent accommodation to peoplestructures similar rent or a 3

month rent compen-sation

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Type of Application Beneficiaries Compensation Issue foraffected Principles Consideration

Property/Loss- Relocate houses withinclose proximity withminimum disruption tothe original life style

4. Loss of Houses being - Owners of the - Full compensation to - List of all commercialcommercial use for business the owner activitiesand business commercial houses - Relocating the - Help people in findingactivities purposes along - Tenants business to similar suitable location to

the project location needed and, for continue with theircorridor tenants, to similar rent business. Location matters

in sustaining the business5. Loss of trees Trees located Land user, Full compensation as per -Inventory of all types of

on the land concession suggestion on this RAP trees (eucalyptus,required for holder, and other current indigenous, etc.)the road, squatters, parameters used by -Local support might beinfrastructure, communities, local agriculture office needed for people to getcamp, quarry, government seedlings to replant treesborrow, etc etc

6. Loss of As for Vulnerable Full compensation as per Mandatory consideration ofabove types respective groups principles nos. 1 to 6 issues nos. 1 to 6 withnos. 1 to 6 applications plus special assistance special attention to the

nos. 1 to 6 by the RAP needs of the vulnerableimplementationcommittee

Note: Eligibility strictly follows the cut off date as a threshold for entertaining any claim.

3.3 Land Requirements

The major possible impacts of the proposed road improvement/upgrading project isdue to the land needed for widening/realigning the existing road and for otherpurposes like temporary roads (detours, access roads), quarrying, borrow pit andcamping/camp sites.

3.3.1 Land Requirement for Realignment(a) Rural

With regards to the design (determined realignment and improvement sections)for the improvement/upgrading of the Project Road different sizes/areas of landare required in different locations to accommodate the new/improved alignmentsections. During the field surveys an assessment has been made on thesignificance of impacts due the new alignments. Accordingly, it was found that theextent of impacts varies across different realignment sections. In a few cases theland required for realignment entails the dispossession of a considerable portion ofcrop/grazing lands together with trees, water points, passage ways, drainagestructures, animal movement corridors. In other cases the impact is limited to thedispossession of small size of land or the displacement of a few road side houses,which is assumed to be contained with local level means and with modest outsidesupport.

(b) UrbanThe existing engineering design (ref. COWI-T-97/99) for the Gondar - Debarkroad has avoided any realignment in the urban sections of the project area so asnot to cause relocation of houses and disturb the existing socio-economicfacilities. Accordingly, in all of the major villages and towns located along theProject Road no significant disruption of the existing status is expected due to theimprovement of the existing road. In fact improvements in terms of drainagefacilities. Dedestrian walkwavs (where anolicable) and nthprc, have hppn inrliirlpd

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residents of the towns. As per the final design due to encroachment into theRight-of-Way (ROW) certain houses in towns / big villages along the road have tobe relocated due to widening of the existing road.

3.3.2 Land Requirement for temporary Roads

Land required for detours and access roads to quarries and borrow pits is expectedto temporarily dispossess certain crop land, grazing land or trees. Due to scarcity ofcultivable land as well as for environmental reasons the reinstatement of these areasof land is a basic requirement of the present RAP implementation planning and isconsidered in the preparation of the tender/bidding documents of the presentProject.

3.3.3 Land Requirement for Quarries and Borrow Pits

Land required for quarries and borrow pits will dispossess certain crop land, grazingland or trees. Past experience indicates that such land requirements somewhatexacerbates the socio-economic impacts to a certain extent. Past experience inEthiopia also shows that hardly any attempt was made to reinstate thequarry/borrow pit land to its original condition. Especially in the high land parts ofthe Country where there is a scarcity of cultivable land, taking land for such purposescould cause considerable disturbance to the local farming practice. All cautionsaccompanied by mitigation measures (like reinstating the quarries and borrow pits)are strongly required and are considered in the preparation of the tender/biddingdocuments of the present Project.

3.3.4 Land Requirement for Camp Sites

The camping requirement usually dispossesses crop or grazing land to a considerableextent. In previous/other projects there was also a tendency to install them at theoutskirts of the towns. In compensating the land required for camping, the recenttrend is handing over the camp complex to the local community once theconstruction work is completed. The preliminary observation indicates that handingover the complex for communities some how offsets the lost resources, ascommunities would use the camp facilities for such purposes as school or healthcentre. Therefore, camps should be designed/tendered/constructed in such a waythat they can be utilised for those other services once the project is completed.

3.4 Compensation Considerations

3.4.1 Compensation for Houses and Fences

The affected households are expected to get the land required for the construction ofthe new houses. As experiences demonstrate that partial damages usually causesmajor problems on the entire housing unit, house eligible for partial damage shouldas much as possible considered for full damage.

The house to house inventory collects information on:- Location of the house (town, village, Kebele, road chainage, etc.);- Affected house(s) floor area in M2 ;

- Type/construction material of house (hollow block, wood/mud, metal roof, etc.);- Unit cost of construction (construction cost/M 2), which should reflect the

construction cost at local level;- Estimated reconstruction cost of the house(s);- Cost for transportation of household properties/materials.

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3.4.2 Compensation for Standing Crops

Past experience from the ERA shows that individuals are compensated for onlystanding crops or trees and not for the land they lose, as land belongs to the state.

In compensating standing crops the following information is required:- Location of the area (town, village, Kebele, road chainage, etc.);- Names of project-affected persons;- Type of crop;- Average yield (kg/ha);- Unit price (Birr/kg);- Affected area (M 2 or ha);- Annual loss from crops (in Birr).

3.4.3 Compensation for Loss of permanent Crops and Trees

Permanent crops and trees need special attention in effecting the compensation.However, in the Gondar - Debark road corridor there are hardly any indigenoustrees, perennial vegetation or permanent crops like fruits, sugar cane, etc. affectedby the proposed improvement/upgrading of the Project Road. The only permanenttrees are Eucalyptus trees for which compensation is required.

The Consultant's field surveys in the various parts of the Country indicate that thereis significant difference in calculating compensation for permanent crops and trees.Some RAP propose a various kind of calculation while others indicate simple ways. Insummary, with proper assessment losers of the trees and other vegetation should becompensated by taking into account the local market price.

The input of the local agriculture offices in estimating yields was sought. Informationrequired for valuation includes:- Type of tree/vegetation;- Average yield (kg/ha) or some other local measurement like measuring the trees

size and production from a single tree; local level judgement plays the crucial partin valuing the trees;

- Unit price (for a standing tree or kilogram of fruit or other local measurement);- Affected area (M 2 or ha);- Annual value of crops lost.

3.4.4 Compensation for Loss of Grazing Land

There are two different types of grazing land, namely developed andopen/undeveloped. Along the project road corridor only open/undeveloped grazingland was encountered.

ERA's current approach for the loss of open grazing land is that no compensation isrequired for such land, because it is considered as undeveloped (no inputs of financeor labour). This is also in accordance with the recent Proclamation No.455/2005'Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation',which specifies in Article 7 that compensation is to be provided for property onexpropriated land and for permanent improvements made to that land. TheConsultant is following this approach. However, the following considerations havebeen given to open grazing land:- As far as possible compensation of permanent loss by a reinstated area of an

abandoned section of the existing road in realignments; andreinstatement of a temporarily dispossessed area is a compulsory measure as

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3.4.5 Compensation for other Structures

During the field surveys it was observed that some structures built by communitieslike traditional irrigation schemes seem falling within a realignment or improvementcorridor. The estimates for compensation will also take into account the damageinflicted on such structures so as not to disturb the local livelihood of the residents.For compensation purposes also the damage and value for eventual reconstructionwill be assessed. The information required includes:- The type of the structure (drainage, walkway, etc.);- Quantity in M2 ;

- Unit cost/M2 ;- Total cost for reconstructing the structure.

3.4.6 Land Replacement

As per the major legal documents, including the Constitution, individuals whose landis dispossessed will have the right to be relocated and resettled with Governmentassistance. Experience, however, amply demonstrated that land replacementis hardly possible especially on those high land parts of the Country where thereis heavy pressure for cultivable land. Individuals can only get a land replacementif the local administration/community is able to avail land. Similarly, for theGondar - Debark Road Project land replacement is also one major issue. During thepreparation of the RAP implementation plan all attempts have been made todetermine as far as possible replacement of the land lost so as not to causedisruption of the existing livelihood means.

A valuable source of land for compensation/replacement is the area of the existingroad which will be abandoned due to an improvement of the road alignment. Theseareas will become available upon completion of the construction andreinstatement/recultivation of abandoned road sections in realignments has to bepart of the bill of quantities and the construction contract respectively.

3.4.7 Services (Utilities)

In close consultation with the respective owners (e.g. public utility authorities) theexisting services (utilities), such as drains, underground and overhead telephone andelectricity lines, ducts, poles, water mains, fittings, etc. that will be affected by theProject have been investigated. Subsequently, the required measures for eitherprotection or relocation of such services have been determined and a cost estimate isprepared accordingly.

However, the required measures for protection or relocation of existing services(utilities) has not become part of the RAP implementation planning but has to beincluded the works contract to have the relocation/protection measure incorporatedin and coordinated with the other road works activities in order to avoid damagesand unnecessary disruption. Relevant specifications and work items are part of thetender/contract document specifying that:- the contractor shall acquaint himself with the position of all existing services or

utilities before any excavation or other work likely to affect the existing services orutilities is commenced;

- the contractor shall take all reasonable precautions not to damage the services orutilities during the search;

- the contractor shall be responsible for all arrangements and coordination with theowners or authorities of the services or utilities necessary for protection andrelocation of services or utilities so as to safeguard and minimise disruption tothese services.

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3.4.8 Vulnerable Groups

The RAP implementation is expected to have special consideration for suchvulnerable groups as elderly (aged 65 or above), female headed households anddisabled people. The main vulnerable group was found to be the female headedhouseholds which account for about ten per cent of the PAPs ad which are nearly allare found in the towns along the Project Road. Elderly people, who may need specialassistance, were found to be less than three per cent of the PAPs. No HH head wasfound to be handicapped.

The Kebele administration is obliged to consider their special status and provide helpduring relocation. Their relocation site should not worsen their problem, and insteadfacilitate easy communication and access to services and utilities. This needs closemonitoring on the part of the RAP implementation committee.

3.5 Methods of Valuing affected Assets and lost Income Basis

3.5.1 General Notes on Consultant's Approach

Past experience shows that assessments or estimates for compensation (e.g. forstanding crops and trees) very often were done on a subjective basis, just prior tothe actual use of the land for project purposes. Therefore, the RAP implementationplan prepared for the present Project includes recommendation for appropriatecompensation and/or replacement in order to provide a detailed valuationbasis/guideline for the bodies that eventually implement the RAP (such as the locallevel committee drawn from communities and other pertinent bodies).

The general principle governing the present planning for compensation for the loss ofland through the road project is the "focus ... on restoring the income earningcapacity of the project-affected persons", stipulated in the ERA Resettlement /Rehabilitation Policy Framework and The World Bank OP 4.12, with the latter takingprecedence in case of conflict.

In this respect, the Consultant's approach described in this Report is in line with theProclamation No. 455/2005 'Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes andPayment of Compensation'. This recent new law/proclamation describes thatcompensation would be given for up to ten years of lost income, whereas theConsultant's approach considers the required "restoring of the lost income basis" inmore detail. Consequently, calculating the amounts to be given to individuals whowould lose land is done for an infinite period of time using a national discount rate.

3.5.2 Right-of-Way

The Right-of-Way (ROW) is the land allocated and preserved by the law for the publicuse in road construction, rehabilitation and maintenance work. According to the ERAGeometric Design Manual - 2002 (Tables 2-3 through 2-7) 50m width on either sideof the road centreline fall into the legal ROW for roads of Design Standards DS1 toDS5 (DS3 and DS4 apply for the Gondar - Debark Road Project). Thus, propertywithin those limits could be removed/demolished by the road authority without publicconsultation.

However, in the present RAP for rural sections a ROW of 30 meters and a ROW of 20meters for urban sections has been considered for the relevant inventories.

GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS 34 ROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

3.5.3 Valuation of Constructions and other Structures

PrinciplesThis sub-chapter deals with buildings, fences and other structures which need to bedemolished, entirely or partly, in connection with the implementation of the Project.Such need may arise:Case 1 from the temporary creation of detour roads and the temporary use of

other areas needed for the construction works, including borrow pits,quarries and access roads to such areas/locations.

Case 2 from the realignment, widening, new construction or improvement of theroad itself and of structures, protection works and earthworks pertaining toit (camp sites and access roads to the same are also included in thiscategory).

Case 1For buildings and structures indirectly affected by the Project, as they are dependingon the contractor's work programme, payment will be done through the workscontract by the following procedure:(i) Prior to opening a new construction (sub-)section, the contractor has to submit

for approval to the construction supervisor (resident engineer) a 1:2,000 planshowing the details of the location and the size of detour roads, borrow pits, etc.of this section, and the affected land/constructions lying on such areas includinga preliminary assessment for compensation using the calculation methods andformulas provided.

(ii) The contractor's plans/information will be reviewed and, if necessary, amendedby the construction supervisor (resident engineer) in close liaison with the RAPimplementation committee.

(iii) The RAP implementation committee will calculate/determine the respective finalamount(s) for compensation and will then issue an instruction to the contractorto execute the payment(s) from the funds he receives through the workscontract.

This procedure is proposed with the aim to avoid delays during implementation andclaims of the contractor respectively, which has happened in many road constructionprojects in Ethiopia in the past. With the proposed procedure the contractor isdirectly involved in this land compensation process and responsible to provide hisplans/information in due time, in accordance with his work programme andconstruction progress respectively. The payment through the contractor is proposedfor speeding up the process in compensating the affected persons and in makingavailable the land for the contractor respectively by having the amount(s) forcompensation payment promptly available. Details of this procedure and acorresponding pay item will be part of the conditions of contract and the bill ofquantities of the bidding / contract documents.

Case 2For buildings and structures directly affected by the Project, it is the present RAPimplementation plan which is assessing such removals and correspondingcompensations. In villages or towns, some buildings might be affected not only interms of their physical value, but in terms of the commercial or social use made ofthem. The Project will help to compensate such losses through creating developmentopportunities at other places in the town or village, such as bus stops / lay-byes withsmall commercial areas around.

ValuationCompensation for buildinqs, fences and other structures affected bv the Proiect as

iT GON DAR - DEBARK KOCKS ,ROAD PROJ E CT INGENIEURE

removed only partly. For the present RAP implementation planning the replacementvalue was assessed on the principle of the Table 3.2.

Table 3.2: Calculation of the Replacement Value of Buildings and other Structures

Description Unit Birr / Number Total ValueUnit of Units (Birr)

Hollow block building m2 of built areaMud building m2 of built areaWooden fence m2 of surfaceBrick fence m2 of surfaceOther structure Whole structure

For detailed information on those unit values the respective technical offices in theproject area were consulted including the agriculture office, municipality/townadministration, etc. There is also a difficulty in calculating a unit value for suchstructures as tukuls. In such cases subjective judgement plays the major role. Toavoid biasness and unfairness, however, giving the responsibility to legitimatecommittee members is quite crucial.

3.5.4 Temporary Dispossession of agricultural Land

PrinciplesAgricultural land needed temporarily for detour roads or for other use in connectionwith the construction works, including borrow pits, quarries and access roads to suchareas, shall be restored by the contractor to its original state after the temporary usefor the construction works is over (if such land is taken permanently, thecompensation principles described in the next sub-chapter shall be used). Particulararticles and clauses of the conditions of contract and the technical specification of thebidding / contract documents are stipulating the reinstatement as a contractualobligation of the contractor.

For the time the agricultural user is deprived from revenues pertaining to such land,compensation shall be paid to him, to the amount calculated according to the methodset below. As the needs for such land depend on the contractor's work programme, itis the latter's obligation to provide the relevant information/data/plans prior toopening a new construction section according to the same procedure as describedearlier for Case 1. Following this procedure, payment(s) for compensation will thenbe effected through the works contract. Details are specified in the conditions ofcontract and the bill of quantities of the works contract.

The ERA's current approach for the dispossession of open grazing land is that nocompensation is required for such land, because it is considered as undeveloped. TheConsultant is following this approach; however, reinstatement is a compulsorymeasure as described elsewhere in this Report.

ValuationThe compensation amount per hectare of agricultural land used for crops shall becalculated through the formula:

C = R + R/(1+i) + R/(1+i)2 + ... + R/(1+i)n

where C = Amount of compensationR = Average annual net incomen = Duration of the dispossession (in years)i = Discount rate in % p.a.

GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS >\s ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

a farm budget as shown in APPENDIX 5, by using local market prices, based onexpertise given by the agricultural representative of the concerned Woreda. The finalcalculation for compensation will then be done by the land compensation committeeaccording to the price level of the year of implementation of the compensation.

Irrigated agriculture (especially for vegetables) shall be calculated with the sameformula as rainfed agriculture. Since the average annual net income (R) of irrigatedagriculture is much higher, the calculation method will automatically result in anadequate (higher) compensation. In addition to the compensation for lost cultivation,the reconstruction of the irrigation system has to be paid or to be provided throughthe works contract.

The interest rate to be used in the calculation for discounting future amounts ofmoney shall reflect the opportunity yield of money, which is dealt with in the ensuingsub-chapters. Adjustments to the above formula have to be made in the followingcases:- If the dispossession starts at the moment the crop is already standing, the full

gross income of that crop, i.e. its value without any deduction for inputs andlabour, has to be considered in the formula for year 0, instead of just "R".

- If perennial crops (including from fruit trees) are affected, the time lapse betweenreplanting and the bearing of the first fruit has to be added to "n"; it has,however, to be considered that land formerly or temporarily used for a road (evena detour road) is improper for coffee cultivation; the formula has to be modifiedaccordingly.

The pattern for calculating the compensation for land temporarily taken away fromits agricultural use is shown in Table 3.3.

Table 3.3: Calculation Method for the Compensation for temporaryDispossession of agricultural Land for Road Construction Purposes

Year * Lost net Discounting (2) x (3) = Number of Total ofIncome per Factor Hectares (4) x (5)

ha (Birr / ha)(Birr/ ha)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) CompensationYear 1 ** to be paidYear 1 1j(1+j/Year 2 1/(l+i)2 //////

Year n

Tota I

* Years during which the land is out of use for cropping, counting from the year inwhich it is taken away

** If the crop is already standing when the land is taken away, use the grossincome for year 0 instead of the net income

3.5.5 Permanent Dispossession of agricultural Land

Principles

It is first necessary to state those areas which will be permanently changed fromtheir former agricultural use to become part of the Project Road. Where roadrealignments are built, it will be possible to restore the abandoned road section asagricultural land, by removing the pavement, etc. and by preparing the subsoil andputting topsoil instead. In the extent at which agricultural land taken for the road will

GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS ,ROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

temporary dispossession of agricultural land (preceding sub-chapter) shall apply.There may also be other cases in which such agricultural land taken for the road canbe changed against equivalent land nearby. Priority should always be given to suchcompensation in kind.

In the extent at which the agricultural land lost cannot be replaced, the rules formonetary compensation for the permanent dispossession of agricultural land shallapply.

According to the general principle set forth in the ERA Resettlement/RehabilitationPolicy Framework, that "focus is on restoring the income earning capacity of theproject-affected persons", the loss of income from agricultural land which has to becompensated if such land is permanently taken for the road construction is for aninfinite number of years.

Compensation shall be given by the ERA on the basis of the RAP implementation planof the present Project, which will assess such removals and correspondingcompensations.

The ERA's current approach for the dispossession of open grazing land is that nocompensation is required for such land, because it is considered as undeveloped. TheConsultant is generally following this approach, however, compensation by areinstated area of an abandoned section of the existing road in realignments will beconsidered as far as possible.

Valuation

A compensation amount corresponding to the sum of an infinite series of annual netincomes from one hectare, if a discount rate is used, results from the followingformula:

C = R + R/(l+i) + R/(l+i)2 + ... + R/(l+i)

orC = R + Rli

where C = Amount of compensationR = Average annual net income from 1 haexponent = expresses the year from the dispossessioni = Discount rate in % p.a.

The average net income earned on one hectare (1 ha) is determined as explained inthe preceding sub-chapter. The discount rate will be dealt with in the following sub-chapter.

Table 3.4: Calculation Method for the Compensation for permanentDispossession of agricultural Land for Road Construction Purposes

Year Lost net Multiplier (2) x (3) = Number of Total ofIncome per Hectares (4) x (5)

ha (Birr / ha)(Birr / ha)

(1) (2) (3/) (4) (5) CompensationYear * 1to be paid

All other 1/i (Birr)yea rs__ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _

Total _ _ _ _ _

* If the crop is already standing when the land is taken away, use the grossincome for year 0 instead of the net income

GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS >- ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

An adjustment has to be made to the above formula if the dispossession starts at themoment the crop is already standing. In that case, the full gross income of that crop,i.e. its value without any deduction for inputs and labour, has to be considered in theformula for year 0, instead of just the first "R".

Irrigated agriculture (especially for vegetables) shall be calculated with the sameformula as rainfed agriculture. Since the 'average annual net income' (R) of irrigatedagriculture is much higher, the calculation method will automatically result in anadequate (higher) compensation.

In the case of fruit trees, the calculation has to take into account a majorinterruption of the income series after a tree has reached its economic limit of lifeand a new tree planted instead will have reached its fruit bearing age.

3.5.6 Valuation of affected Trees

Eucalyptus is nearly the only species of trees that will be affected due to the roadupgrading. Other trees are hardly affected. Field measurements of representativesample areas showed that 1.5 matured Eucalyptus trees are grown in one squaremetre area which is deemed as an adequate approach in calculating thecompensation costs. As per field level information gathered from the relevant bodiesat Woredas a mature tree (a single one) costs about 12 Birr.

3.5.7 Discount Rate

The interest rate used in the calculations for discounting future incomes to theirpresent value shall reflect the opportunity yield of money placed in the productivesector. According to information received at the Economic Research Department ofthe National Bank of Ethiopia, the normal interest rate used by private banks formedium term loans to the productive sector is at present:

7.5% p.a.

This rate reflects the minimum expectation for the returns from such investments. Inthe informal sector, lending (mostly short term) fetches interest rates of 10% permonth, i.e. over 100% per annum.

In the project area, there is considerable potential for profitable small-scaleinvestments in rural activities, including food processing. Such investments could beguided by the provincial development agencies. It is thought that an average interestrate of

12.0% p.a.can be assumed as a reasonable opportunity yield if money is placed wisely. Thisrate shall be used as a discount rate in the calculations.

For the permanent dispossession of one hectare (1 ha) of rainfed agricultural landcropped with cereals, which otherwise would provide an annual net income of 1,000Birr, applying this interest rate leads to a compensation amount of

1,000 + (1,000 / 0.12) = 9,333 Birrif the dispossession takes place before the fieldworks have been started, and theamount of about 9,800 Birr if the dispossession takes place at the moment where thecrop is standing (and has to be destroyed).

3.6 Width of Corridor

With regards to the present situation of the Right-of-Way (ROW) as described insub-chaDter 3.5.2 thepr i- no neei tn rnmnpnczntp for mnrn th:hn tha l:nrl roi0irarl

GO N DAR - DEBARK KOCKSROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

land and structures for permanent dispossession is based on the followingboundaries:

(al) The existing road with its boundaries on the left and the right side defined byeither of the following points and lines:

the intersection of the slope of an embankment fill with the natural ground;the intersection of a cut slope with the natural ground;

. the intersection of the slope of a road side ditch or drain with the naturalground;

* the logical continuation of the above lines at locations of existing structures.(a2) The new road corridor which may include in whole or in part, or not at all the

existing road and shall supersede the existing road, and the boundaries of thenew road corridor on the left and the right side are defined by either of thefollowing points and lines:. the intersection of the slope of an embankment fill with the natural ground

plus an additional parallel strip of two metres (2m) width;* the intersection of a cut slope exceeding one metre (1m) height with the

natural ground plus an additional parallel strip of three metres (3m) width;* the intersection of a cut slope of less than one metre (tm) height or of the

slope of a road side ditch or a drain with the natural ground plus anadditional parallel strip of one metre width;

a the logical continuation of the above lines at locations of structures.

These boundaries are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. The drawings and thedescription of these boundaries have also to be included in the Bidding/ContractDocuments Conditions of Contract 'Right of Access to the Site', as the binding limitsduring the implementation of the Project.

Figure 1: Typical Cross Section for upgraded Road in CutThe Si+e of the Permonenf Works

f3C r -- o *%'.o

tf/ i .n,,.f4 or fnb,d P.

.tt./ 7

C/ ^ 00 //

0.50 .5I0

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 7

.. ' *OOt -- b 0S. hn

GO N DAR - DEBARK KO C KS j; ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

Figure 2: Typical Cross Section for Upgrading/Widening with Embankment Fill

The Site of the Permanent Works2.00 Uplr t.d/Wid..d Road 2.00

Shoulder Corrig-woy , Shoulder .

1.50 3.5 50 1.50

+0.0275 A +0.0875 3.,o2.SY -0.0F875 4Y. -0.5475

General Embckment slope 3:Z (H:V,[staic Posoer,tN Ernmbonkme,rt Height <Im Slopefor R-usa :1 (H:V) as insiructed

--- - - - - - - - - - - Eoifth OrcGnd

Slaeerte cnd Topsoil Strip rs /AX/ A /

-1.00 -6.00 -1.00 , oechiog

.Shouer,| C.nrkageooy Sho-lder

-8.00

Ealstln Pxd.

3.7 Cost Estimate

Based on the cadastral survey and the detailed inventory of immovable propertiesthe respective land compensation requirements including all construction and otherstructures can be determined.

With the exception of land taken which can be changed against equivalent land, thecorresponding cost for compensation of permanent dispossession of land including allconstruction and other structures can be calculated using the described calculationmethods and formulas as well as relevant information on yields and prices, which hasbeen collected in the project area. In all calculation the principles outlined inProclamation no. 455/2005 need to be followed.

3.8 Elicibility Criteria

ERA has committed itself to take into account World Bank requirements fordetermining compensation. Thus, the eligibility criteria contained in OP 4.12 of theWorld Bank's operational manual on involuntary resettlement is the one that ERAfollows when determining eligible persons for compensation. The eligibility criteriaset by the World Bank is basically in line with the national legal requirements.Therefore, the following criteria for eligibility for displaced persons contained in OP4.12 are adopted in this RAP:- Those who have formal legal right to land (including customary and traditional

rights recognized by law of the country);- Those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the census begins

but have a claim to such lands or assets - provided that such claims arerecognized under the laws of the country or become recognized through a processidentified in the resettlement plan; and

- Those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they areoccupying.

Persons who encroach on the area subject to expropriation after a 'cut-off date' arenot entitled. During consultations with local officials, they were informed that no onewould be entitled to compensation after the survey was conducted. For the presentproject road, the 'cut-off date' is set as the 15 November 2006.

GO N DAR - D E BARK KOCKS >ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

properties and farm lands found within the existing right-of-way) were determinedincluding the compensation rates taking into account the ERA's Resettlement Policyand World Bank requirements.

However, during implementation of this RAP each affected household head orindividual person or party that claim entitlement have to prove their legal rights overthe property to be expropriated in order to qualify as a legitimate stakeholder and toreceive compensation.

3.9 RAP Implementation Committee

Compensation for permanent Dispossession of LandIn order to avoid financial implications (claims of the contractor), the compensationfor the permanent dispossession of land including all construction and otherstructures has to be completed well in advance to the start of the constructionactivities. This land has to be made available to the contractor as the 'Site of thePermanent Works', which the conditions of the works contract define as the places tobe provided by the Employer (ERA) where the works are to be executed.

Therefore, as soon as the final decision for the implementation of the Project or aproject section will be made (e.g. at the time of the invitation of contractors for pre-qualification and/or tendering) a committee needs to be established to conduct thefinal valuation of assets and properties for compensation. Appropriate individualsdrawn from sector offices, local government bodies, affected community, and, ifnecessary, an independent consultant should form this land compensationcommittee. The most important sector offices and representatives are Agriculture,Woreda Administration, Woreda women representative(s), Kebele Administration andinfluential persons from the Kebele (affected Kebele), Health, Woreda or Zone levelurban development office (especially estimating houses and other civil structures).

0. The RAP Implementation Committee will be the official body for the implementationof the RAP and will carry out the following activities:(i) The review/update of the valuation of permanent lost assets and properties for

compensation as included in the RAP implementation plan of the present Project,which will have the basis of the year 2006 price level. This review/update:* will consider possible variation (increase) of unit values which may occur

between the year 2006 and the time of the actual implementation of the RAP;* shall be based on the available inventories and the RAP implementation plan

of the present Project (which will define also the applicable cut-offdate/eligibility for compensation); and

* shall use the provided calculation methods and formulas.(ii) Payment of each household/person eligible for compensation as per the final

amount/compensation calculated/determined in the above review/update of thevaluation.

Compensation for temporary Dispossession of LandAs already described in the preceding chapters, the required compensation for thetemporary dispossession of land including all construction and other structures canonly be determined at the beginning and/or during the construction of the road,since it is depending on the contractor's work programme and working method(detour roads and the temporary use of other areas needed for the constructionworks, including borrow pits, quarries and access roads to such areas/locations).

For this purpose the RAP Implementation Committee has to be available also duringthe implementation period of the Project. As already detailed in above, thecompensation for the temporary dispossession of land follows a three step- -- A. I 1- -

GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS >R O A D PROJ ECT INGENIEURE

(i) Submission of plans/data by the contractor showing the details of the locationand the size of the land he requires for temporary use including affectedconstructions lying on such areas.

(ii) Review those plans and information by the construction supervisor & the RAPImplementation Committee.

(iii) Payment of the final/approved amount(s) for compensation by the contractorafter instruction from the supervisor & the RAP Implementation Committee.

3.10 Grievance Redress Mechanism

All compensation payments are expected to be effected in the presence of theImplementation Committee proposed by this RAP. In cases where dispute arisesbetween the principal two parties - the ERA and subsidiary other local governmentauthorities in the project affected area on the one side and on the other side theproject affected persons (PAPs) - the most preferred way of settling is byarbitration. This is permissible under Ethiopian law (see Articles, 3325-3336 of theCivil Code).

The concerned parties are entitled to determine the number and composition of thearbitral tribunal. In the case of a dispute arising regarding compensation amountsboth in kind and monetary terms, it is suggested that the maximum number of themember of the arbitral tribunal should not exceed five. This would allow meaningfulrepresentation from local government authorities and project-affected people. Toavoid delay in decision making the number of tribunal members should not exceedthis figure. The composition of the arbitral tribunal could be decided from the outsetinstead of leaving it to the disputants to appoint the arbitrators. This would be thepreferred option since it might take a lot of time to appoint arbitrators if let to thedisputing parties. It would also allow the appointment of relevant persons from boththe local authorities and PAPs and as far as possible 'independent' persons to makethe decisions. The RAP Implementation Committee who initially decided thecompensation rate should by no means be members of the arbitral tribunal sincethey would be involved in the original compensation assessment. However, they willinitiate the arbitration process and assigning members of the tribunal.

Accordingly, it is suggested that the following be members of the arbitral tribunal:(i) In Urban Areas (Towns)

- One member from the Woreda Council - chairperson.- One member from the Woreda Urban Development Department.- One member from the Kebele Administration.- Two members elected by the project-affected persons from the community

where the resettlement/compensation is to take place. These two membersmust not be directly affected by the expropriation.

(ii) In Rural Areas- One member from the Woreda Council - chairperson- One member from the Woreda Agricultural Office- One member from the Kebele ( peasant association)- Two members elected by the project-affected persons from the community

where the resettlement/compensation is to take place. These two membersmust not be directly affected by the expropriation.

In case the dispute is not resolved by the RAP Implementation Committee, then theCommittee will initiate arbitral tribunal. If any of the parties disagrees, the aggrievedparty has the right to appeal to the ordinary courts of law in their locality.

What should be underlined here is that the Preferred oDtion of disDute settlement

_ GO N DAR - DE BARK KO C KS :ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

may take a very long time even years before a final decision is made and, therefore,should not be the preferred option for both parties concerned.

3.11 Implementation Procedure for the RAP

The ERA ROW and EMSB Branches together with the local authorities will beresponsible for the implementation and management of the varies RAP activities.Zonal and Woreda authorities, rural and urban Kebele administration officials thatare found in each of the affected areas of the Projects would also be responsible inimplementing the compensation process either in rural or urban areas.

In line with the proposed activities indicated earlier organisations that are expectedto have a primary role include:

- Zonal Administration Offices- Zonal Industry and Urban Development Departments- Municipalities- Woreda Administration Offices- Zonal Water Resources Offices- Woreda Water Resources Desks- Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Services- Zonal Agricultural Desks- Woreda Agricultural Offices

Table 3.5: Organisations to be involved in the Implementation of RAP in Urban Areas

No. Organisation Activity/Responsibility

1 Ethiopian Roads Authority Budget Allocation, Coordination and implementationof the compensation and resettlement action planand Monitoring & evaluation. Coordinate restorationof services and utilities (water and electric)

2 Amhara Regional State Coordination, awareness creation and monitoringand evaluation

3 Zonal Administration Coordinate the whole resettlement issued, facilitateOffices compensation for RAP, and facilitate land for land

compensation, facilitate the relocation sites and therestoration of services.

4 Zonal Industry and Urban Compensation of estimate for issues, prepare siteDevelopment Department plan for the relocation of RAP

5 Municipalities Identify land for the relocation of PAP and providesupport in restoration; and provide special attentionand support for the disabled, sick, elderly andfemale headed households

6 Zonal Agricultural Desks Coordination and support of PAP and preparation ocost estimate

7 Urban Water Supply Relocation of water supply pipes and construct newServices line in areas where PAP will be re-housed/relocated

8 Kebeles and Elders Provide advice on the fairness in relocation processand valuation of compensation and coordinate onthe support to be made for elders, FHH and disabled

9 Representatives of PAP Represents PAP in all meeting and discussions heldwith ROW branch of ERA and with other offices

10 Telecommunication Relocation of telephone lines11 EEPCO Relocation of electric Doles

GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKSRO AD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

Each of the above organisations will be engaged in the RAP implementation processdepending on their area of concern. For instance, relocating a water pipeline will bethe responsibility of the water offices at different levels while the agriculture officeswill be engaged in the crop assessment, etc.

The ERA through its ROW and EMSB Branches will have an overall responsibility formonitoring resettlement implementation and their local/regional office(s) willcoordinate, inspect and supervise local RAP implementation activities. EMSB will beresponsible for further monitoring, supervising and assessing RAP operations.

Table 3.6: Organisations to be involved in the Implementation of RAP in Rural Areas

No. Organisation Activity/ Responsibility1. Ethiopian Roads Authority Budget Allocation, Coordination and Implementation

of the compensation and resettlement action planand Monitoring & evaluation. Coordinate restorationof services (water and electric)

2. Amhara Regional State Coordination, awareness creation and monitoringand evaluation

3. Zonal Administration Coordinate the whole resettlement issue, facilitateOffices compensation for PAP, and facilitate land for land

compensation, facilitate the relocation sites and therestoration or services

4. Woreda Administration Identify land for the relocation of PAP and provideOffices support in restoration; and provide special attention

and support for the disabled, sick, elderly andfemale headed households

5. Woreda Agricultural Offices Preparation of cost for the valuation ofcompensation of crops and permanent trees

6. Peasant Association Coordinating resettlers7. Representatives of the PAP Represents PAP in all meetings and discussions held

with ROW branch of ERA and with other offices8. Zonal Agricultural Desks Participate in the implementation of the RAP

(compensation for land, crops and permanent Trees,Ll etc.)

Payment of CompensationIn general the payment of the compensation amount should be in cash, since most ofthe beneficiaries have no bank account or they are located far from a bank to cash acheque. However, when the RAP Implementation Committee deems it advantageousto the beneficiary or when the beneficiary is requesting so, a cheque can be issuedand the Committee may even assist in opening a bank account for depositing thecompensation amount. Another mode of payment is through commercial nominees inthe project area.

In several sections of this RAP (e.g. sub-chapters '3.4.7 Services/Utilities' and '3.5.3Valuation of Constructions and other Structures') it is described that "payment ofcompensation will be done through the works contract". This procedure has beenrecommended with regards to many problems during past and current projects (e.g.confusion in responsibility and coordination, delays in construction) and thecompensation for temporary dispossession of land should be made through theworks contract and by the contractor respectively (to be reimbursed by the ERA), allupon approval and under strict supervision of the RAP Implementation Committee.

GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS ,_ ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

4. RAP IMPEMENTATION PLANNING OF THE GONDAR - DEBARK ROAD

4.1 Collection and Review of available existing Documentation and Data

Prior to the field surveys, relevant project specific documents were made availableby the ERA and have been studied so as to acquaint with the background informationabout the project road area as well as legal and policy issues that have a bearing onthe sociological assessment and the preparation of the Land CompensationReport/Planning. Important documents reviewed/considered include:- ERA, Road Sector Development Programme II (2002 - 2007);- ERA Standard Environmental Methodologies and Procedures Manual - 2002;- ERA Resettlement / Rehabilitation Policy Framework - 2002;- National and sectoral policies (Environment Policy) Proclamations and other

related policy documents.- FDRE's Proclamation (No. 401/2004) on Appropriation of Land for Govt. Works- FDRE's Proclamation (No. 455/2006) on Expropriation of Landholdings for Public

Purposes and Payment of Compensation;- Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment of Eighteen Roads

(Package B Road Project), Road No. 2 Gonder - Shire, Final Report, May 2003,Systra Sotecni in association with SPT and Panaf Consult;

- Gondar - Mereb Road Upgrading Project, Detailed Engineering Design and TenderDocument Preparation: Bidding Documents, Volume D (Lot 1), December 1998(including Plan/Longitudinal Profiles, Standard Drawings, Setting-out Data, etc. onA3 paper size), COWI-TCDE Joint Venture of Lyngby/Denmark in association withG. Teare + M. Tedros;

- Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) prepared in 2006for the Gondar - Debark Road Project (ref. FS-2006 and EIA-2006).

4.2 Sociological Field Surveys and Inventories

Particular attention was paid to the study of the situation in the determinedimprovements the Project Road so as to investigate the possible impact due to achange of the existing right-of-way with a new one. Accordingly, the relevantsociological condition along the determined corridor of the Project Road and thepossible socio-economic impacts were inventoried including:- Existing land use and vegetation;- Cultural and historical sites (e.g. cemeteries, churches, mosques, historical ruins);- Public/Governmental facilities (e.g. schools, hospitals, clinics);- Commercial areas and business establishments (e.g. market places, grinding

mills, shops, hotels, bars and restaurants) and required improvement ofassociated infrastructure (e.g. bus lay-bys, parking bays, pedestrian walkways);

- Initial assessment of land requirements and possibly effected houses/households;- Assessment of possible reinstatement/recultivation of abandoned road sections in

realignments (for use as land compensation);- Etc.

Discussion with Different StakeholdersDuring the field study different governmental bodies were contacted to discuss arange of issues around the proposed road development. The discussions focused onthe benefits and possible discomfort during the road construction and other possibleimplications. The various bodies contacted include:- Woreda administration (Debark):

__) GO N DAR - DEBARK KOBCKSROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

- Woreda administration (Dabat);- Municipality authorities of the major towns along the project road;- ERA district office (Gondar).

A list of organisations and individuals contacted during the field surveys is presentedin APPENDIX 3.

Community Level DiscussionA series of discussions were conducted with groups of individuals met along theProject Road so as to get their impression on the proposed road upgrading and itsbroad implication on the livelihood of the communities, and to identify possiblenegative and positive socio-economic impacts. Undertaking a sociologicalinvestigation has become one principal procedure in order to minimise any adverseeffect associated with the implementation of the road project and to proposeappropriate mitigation measures. All possible social-economic impacts are assessedand recorded. The degree of displacement and dispossession of properties is alsoassessed.

Broadly speaking, the findings from the sociological field surveys reveal that noadverse direct or indirect impacts are expected on sensitive cultural, heritage andsocially significant locations. If mitigation and benefit enhancement measures areadopted, adequate compensation is paid to offset all direct and indirect effectsof displacement of families from housing premises, there are no socialand environmental grounds for not proceeding to the implementation of theGondar - Debark Road Project. The long-term socio-economic benefits are such thatthey far outweigh the minor and short-term inconvenience which will accompanyproject implementation. The improvement/upgrading of the Project Road will entailthe relocation of few houses on the road side villages due to increasing the width ofthe carriageway and at some locations, due to horizontal and vertical alignmentimprovement, construction of drainage structures, etc.

Health Situation including HIV/AIDSHealth services of different levels are found in the towns along the Gondar - Debarkroad:- Gondar Referral Hospital (University);- Amba Georgis Health Post;- Dabat Health Centre;- Debark District Hospital.

The Amba Georgis Health Post is not fully functioning since more serious cases areusually treated in Gondar. The Dabat Health Centre can provide basic healthservices. The Debark District Hospital was recently constructed and has 42 beds aswell as laboratory and nurse training facilities; it can (could) provide extended healthservices, but due to its "remoteness" mainly attributed to the poor road condition itis extremely difficult to find and to keep qualified staff there, especially doctors.

As shown in Table 4.1 below, the most severe health problems/diseases of the regionare pneumonia/respiratory diseases and the main cause of these diseases is theomnipresent dust coming from the existing unsealed road. In any health problemlisted below the most vulnerable group are mothers and children. In particularchildren in these rural regions are often affected by malnutrition, intestinal parasitesand diarrhoeal diseases.

GO N DAR - DEBARK_, ROAD PROJECT K N G E N I E U R E

Table 4.1: Main Diseases in particular Areas along the Project Road (2003-2005)

Description Dabat Area Debark Area

Malaria V V

Internal Parasites/Jardia VV' V VTuberculosis VV

Dysentery and Diarrhoea Diseases vIv' VV

Pneumonia/Respiratory Diseases VV

Gastritis VlV VIMalnutrition l

Eye Diseases VVV VV

Skin Diseases V/V V/

Sun burn V V

HIV/AIDS prevalence V/

Source: Consultant, collected from the Health Centre in Dabat and the District Hospitalin Debark.

Legend: Severity Scale 'v = less severe' to '//V = very severe'.

The influx of people by the contractor's work force may create an impact on thecommunity health as well as on the construction workers themselves throughcommunicable diseases and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) includingHIV/AIDS.

Concerning general health problems in the project area and STIs including HIV/AIDS,the contractor's Safety/Health Officer shall liaise with the local health authorities andprovide the necessary information on precautionary measures to the work forcethrough educational lesson(s).

4.3 Cadastral Survey

Based on the initial sociological inventories an assessment of the requirements forthe details of the cadastral survey and the subsequent RAP implementation planninghas been done. Cadastral survey was carried out as a basis for the valuation forcompensation and resettlement measures.

The survey information enables to identify the details of the affected plots (e.g. plotdescription, land use, user). This data is prepared in plans at a scale of 1:2,000showing the number of households and their properties which will be affected due tothe land requirement, a mandatory process for the present road project. The designfor the proposed road improvement/upgrading has given due attention not to disturbthe urban sections with new realignment sites other than the existing right-of-ways.

4.4 Detail socio-economic Survey

Based on the result/plans of the cadastral survey a detailed inventory of immovableproperties conducted at the household level was carried out, providing informationon household characteristics and dispossessed properties (land, house, etc.). Therecords include the following information:- Housing units (ownership, type, service of the house, size, number, etc.);- Land (type, area, land user);- Standing crops (type, area);- Trees (type, size, no., owner);

GONDAR - DEBARKAD PROJECTKOCKS ~RO AD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

This inventory list is also establishing the cut-off date and eligibility criteria forcompensation. Accordingly, households whose properties are recorded at the time ofthe field investigation will only be eligible for compensation.

4.5 Public Consultation / Town Meetings

During the field study different governmental bodies were contacted to discuss arange of issues around the proposed road development. The discussions focused onthe benefits and possible discomfort during the road construction and other possibleimplications. The various bodies that were contacted include:- Zonal level administration (Gondar);- Zone and Woreda level agriculture (BoA) & Natural Resource Development offices;- ERA district office (Gondar);- Traffic police offices;- Municipality authorities, Woreda and Kebele administration officials of the towns

and Kebeles along the Project Road.

Discussions were also conducted at community level e.g. with Kebele administrationofficials and groups/individuals who were met along the Project Road so as to gettheir impression on the proposed road upgrading. The discussion at this level mainlyfocused on knowing the general attitudes of the public towards the proposed roadproject, its implication on the livelihood of the communities, and to identify possiblenegative and positive socio-economic impacts.

Joint session town meetings (ERA, Consultant, town administration officials,officials/representatives from Woreda and Kebele) were held in order to have acommon understanding of the town's future development plans and the proposedbenefit enhancement measures of the envisaged Project. In general the purpose ofthe town meetings is:- to provide information on the objectives of the proposed/planned Gondar - Debark

Road Project in general and in particular for the town passages;- to discuss about possible impacts on public/social facilities, pedestrians and

housing units in the towns located along the Project; and- to obtain first hand information on possible problems (e.g. drainage, parking,

accident/traffic safety issues) and planned developments, which solutions andrequirements may be considered in the subsequent review/update of theengineering designs (Project Phase 2), and the planning of mitigation and benefitenhancement measures respectively.

The minutes of meetings held with Kebele, town and Woreda administrations areattached in APPENDIX 4.

4.6 Valuation of Land Compensation Reauirements

4.6.1 Refinement of Valuation Method

Though national level proclamation on the appropriation of land for Governmentworks is enacted (FDRE's Proclamation No. 401/2004 and No. 455/2006) details oncompensation regulations and directives are not yet issued by the relevantauthorities. Therefore, a meeting was held with representatives of the ERA LegalDivision and the Consultant to discuss this issue and to determine the final approachfor the present land compensation planning.

In calculating compensation amounts the existing norms have been used with someamendments so as to make the entire procedure fair and to restore the livelihood ofthe affected individuals in accordance with ERA Resettlement / Rehabilitation Policy

GO N DAR - DEBARK KOCKSKIAD N G E N I E U R E

4.6.2 Valuation of Land Loss

As indicated, the road improvement/upgrading entails the dispossession of both cropand grazing land in certain locations where a realignment or road improvement isrequired. All of such locations together with properties and other infrastructures onthem are well identified. Under the present RAP implementation plan the followingtwo kinds of arrangements have been used to compensate the peasants who will losetheir land on permanent basis with the preferred arrangement to replace land fromany available source that includes land from the existing road alignment that will beabandoned due to the proposed realignments:(a) Land Replacement

As much as possible land for replacing land loss has been identified in thepresent process of the RAP implementation planning. The study indicates thatthere is a great number of possibilities to replace land from the existing road asit is abandoned and changed with new alignment. What is required is to reinstatethe areas of abandoned road sections so as to make them suitable foragricultural purposes.Reinstating the abandoned road sections will be one major task during the roadimplementation phase. Peasants who will have a replacement from sucharrangement (having a substitute from the abandoned road) will be given a twoyear gross income. This is with the assumption that they will only forgo a twoyear income from the loss of land for the road improvement/upgrading until theland can provide an income again. Once the road is completed they are expectedto resume cultivating their new land from the reinstated old road section/portion.

(b) Cash CompensationCash compensation is a widely practised form of compensating individuals wholose their land. This continues to be another arrangement for those who will nothave a land replacement for a portion of the land taken or for the entire area ofland loss. Those shall receive an amount corresponding to the sum of an infiniteseries of annual gross incomes from the lost land. For this purpose a one yearcrop budget and gross income is calculated and the proportion of incomeequivalent to the land loss is determined.The farm budget calculation in the project area shows that a peasant draws agross annual income of Birr 3,770 from producing cereal from a hectare of land.In calculating the infinite series a discount rate of 12 per cent (12%) is taken.This gross income has been considered in compensating peasants for their lostland. The income proportion equivalent to the size of lost land is calculatedaccordingly. This procedure was found to be the fairest possible way ofcompensating the affected individuals. In other projects a three or five yearperiod of lost income was used, which is considered as inappropriate and unfair.

4.6.3 Calculation of affected Structures

Along the entire Project Road a limited number of houses and fences will be affecteddue to the road improvement/upgrading. The field inventory has identified all ofthese houses together with their floor area. Compensation for houses is calculated atreplacement cost considering the current construction cost.

In most cases along the entire Project Road fences are constructed in a very simpleway using locally available materials. In relocating them what is mainly costing is thelabour demand to erect them in the new location. As per this premise Birr 3.0/m isconsidered as the appropriate cost to relocate the fences assuming that most of theexisting material can still be used in the new location and that a portion of about25% new material may be required.

.)GO NDAR - DEBARK KOCKSRO AD PROJECT INGENIEURE

4.6.4 Valuation of affected Trees

Eucalyptus is nearly the only species of trees that will be affected due to the roadupgrading. Other trees are hardly affected. Field measurements of representativesample areas showed that 1.5 matured Eucalyptus trees are grown in one squaremetre area which is deemed as an adequate approach in calculating thecompensation costs. As per field level information gathered from the relevant bodiesat Woredas a mature tree (a single one) costs about 12 Birr.

4.6.5 Compensation Requirements

Key Project DataProject Location: North-western Part of EthiopiaRegion: Amahra National Regional State in theZone: North GondarProject Road Length: 100 km (existing Road Length 103 km)Status: Upgrading from gravel to bituminous StandardRoad Functional Classification: Link roadProposed Surfacing Type: DBSD/AC

Summary of Calculation of compensation Requirements

LOCATION

DECIPIN NT GondarDESCRIPTION UNIT Wegera Dabat Debark TOTALZone Woreda Woreda Woreda

ZoneProject affected Households

- Total No. 225 550 440 285 1,500- Female headed No. 42 34 39 35 150- Male headed No. 183 516 401 250 1,350Total Number of PAPs No. 1,100 2,750 2,100 1,550 7,500(incl. PAPs of affectedHouses &Tukuls) (No.) (243) (42) (57) (39) (381)Affected Institutional ,B No. 0 0 0 0 0Buildings

Houses affected fully No. 30 4 8 6 48

Houses affected partially No. 5 2 1 1 9

Affected Structures No. 0 0 0 0 0Loss of agricultural Lands No. 70 180 95 55 400

permanently -- ---- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- '----- - - -- -- -- -- ----- - -- -- -- -- -- -- ,- - -- -- -- -- -- - -- - -- -- -- -- -- --

Loss of Lands temporarily No. 70 190 180 130 570

Loss of Fruit Trees Land No 0 0 0 0 0permanentlyAffected Trees No. 400 1,800 1,300 1,500 5,000Affected Electric Lines m 650 800 1,400 1,150 4,000

Affected Telephone Lines m 500 750 650 600 2,500

Affected Water Pipes (2.5" m.,5.5.0.0.,0& 3) m 1,250 , 450 , 600 _ 700 3,000

,GO N DAR - DEBARKROAD 1)KO CKSROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

4.7 Estimated Cost for ComRensationWith regards to the approach and procedures described in the preceding sections of thepresent Report, the costs for the compensation and the implementation of the RAPrespectively have been estimated as follows.

(i) Land compensation cost for the 'Site of the permanent Works' comprisingpermanent and temporary dispossession of land (with crops, trees, etc.),relocation of houses and structures (e.g. fences, walls):Estimated Cost ETB 1,130,000.00Add about 15% for Contingencies ETB 170,000.00Add about 15% for Price Escalation ETB 200,000.00Subtotal 1 ETB 1,500,000.00

(ii) Land compensation cost for the site establishment (contractor's and engineer'soffice and houses):Estimated Cost ETB 303,000.00Add about 15% for Contingencies ETB 45,000.00Add about 15% for Price Escalation ETB 52,000.00Subtotal 2 ETB 400,000.00

(iii) Land compensation cost for dispossession of land as part of the Site included inBill No. 1, General Provisions, in the Bill of Quantities of the Works Contract(comprising permanent and temporary dispossession for e.g. detours,access/haul roads, borrow pits, quarries, deposit areas) excluding Tax/VAT:Estimated Cost ETB 1,500,000.00Contractor's overheads (20%) ETB 300,000.00Add 10% for Contingencies ETB 180,000.00Subtotal 3 ETB 1,980,000.00

(iv) Relocation of public utility lines included in Bill No. 2, Site Clearance, in the Bill ofQuantities of the Works Contract excluding Tax/VAT:Estimated Cost ETB 600,000.00Contractor's overheads (25%) ETB 150,000.00Add 10% for Contingencies ETB 75,000.00Subtotal 4 ETB 825,000.00

The total estimated land compensation/RAP cost (sum of subtotal 1 to 4) is:ETB 4,705,000.00

4.8 Monitoring and EvaluationThe main objectives of the monitoring and evaluation processes are to assess the extent ormagnitude of progress in the operations executed, to identify area of contentions ordissatisfaction, to suggest corrective measures and solving pending issues. In addition tothese main objectives, the monitoring and evaluation scheme is important in providinginformation in the assessments of mitigation measures for further corrections and furtherRAP preparation.Internal monitoringInternal monitoring will be conducted by the EMSB of the ERA, following the plan describedand the ERA bored should make the necessary follow-up to ensure that proper monitoring isbeing undertaken. Likewise local governmental administrative officials and professionals,representative of PAPs will also conduct their own monitoring or in collaboration with ERA.External monitoringExternal monitoring will be conducted by the consultant and also by the federal and regionalEPA.The committee to be formed for the executions of monitoring and evaluation process willarrange meetings with PAPs if necessary and expected to work together with the ERA Right-of-Way branch and other stakeholders. The importance of monitoring and evaluation isgeared towards the attainment of the goal. The frequency of monitoring and evaluation may

GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS >4 R O A D PR OJE CT INGENEURE

In the process of monitoring and evaluation, the following issues shall be checked:- Appropriateness of relocation sites.- Mechanisms used for restorations and restitutions of PAPs.- Amounts and methodologies used for compensation payments.- Appropriateness of the time schedule for the implementation of RAP.- Special cares, supports and assistances that have been made for social groups

that need additional assistance.- Restoration of social amenities and services.- Grievances and problems encountered in the implementations of RAP.- Appropriateness of grievance alleviating mechanisms.

The monitoring report by the ERA EMSB staff together with the RAP ImplementingCommittee will be prepared. Besides, monthly, quarterly and annual progress reportswill be prepared during the implementation/construction of the Project and thesupervision respectively.

4.9 RAP Disclosure

The World Bank OP 42 requires that the RAP will be submitted for their review. Onceapproved for public disclosure purposes, the RAP will be made available through theWorld Bank Info Shop. In addition, summarised information materials will be printedand distributed to inform people about the upcoming RAP implementation process.

The following process will be followed in disclosing the RAP:- The ERA will forward the RAP to designated places. These places include ERA's

branches and regional offices as well as other public places as would be directedby the World Bank.

- The ERA will announce in public advertisement and in the electronic media on theavailability of RAP in designated places.

- The ERA will advise its public relations and legal units to maintain contact with therelevant ministries, public agencies, local representatives and communities.

Further, during RAP implementation, the ERA and, if available, a RAP consultant willconduct information and stakeholder programme in the project areas so as to:- Inform and explain entitlement policy and options to the affected people prior to

financial assistance.- Socially prepare the affected persons for relocation.- Help counter rumours and prevent unnecessarily distress.- Bring clarity on issues that might be raised by the PAPs about their entitlements.- Ask assistance from the local Woreda level administration and others for RAP

implementation.- Ensure the special needs of vulnerable groups are properly addressed.

4.10 RAP Implementation Schedule

A schedule for the implementation of the RAP is given below comprising estimatedtime requirements for the varies phases and activities in completion of preparationand implementation of the RAP.

- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -C ) -- - - - - - - --__ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -_ __-- - - - - - - - - - - -

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GO NDAR KOCKS -ROAD PROJECT NGENINGE NU

APPE N DIX

1 Terms of Reference (TOR) for EIA and RAP2 The World Bank Operational Policies 4.123 Organisations and Individuals contacted during the

sociological Field Surveys

4 Minutes of Meetings

5 Yields and Prices for Cost Estimation6 List of Project Affected Persons (PAPs)7 References

^) GO N DAR - D E BARK KOCKS 3\@ ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

APPENDIX 1

Terms of Reference (TOR) for EIA and RAP

II: Revivw of I11A AndI Preparation (of 3 RA.%P

i 41W :1-, rough!> illIpLC. DSCr tic Icabilit' MdtidV re-port pr0pared by-.S I"A it)\ jNI I(LhldtJ1LU %ViJi S' 1 a!i P.\NAF arld M1 other documents data and makc ficld

In%enlq,aions nocessar.- ard nakc amendiientLs w,( it vhe necesszr .and oremJuce a finalseddeuiic-k ?casibihry stluds repor .

The c con:tant '% iil am out a cormprehc:;i% e ETA with particular em,L 'pasis on conservationirteresis (ilimpacts oI efrUs Olt On the road and adjoining areas, lands!ips, drainage channels.appropriate :otur and erosion cortrol mC.eLsrcs and water harvesting, loss of rare andnLdCI:zsc sirecies. opening nnd subCeqLent site resioratior of sources of antcrial and plant and

:zcritruLuon 4.x mp instailations, man riiadc,'Jti:icldl aid ua:Jai forest -re:is, protected and scrnsitive habitats as parks protected forestareas. .zU and :tie L dik'Catcn c:- ex:stirQ setrner:s Tne con'uluan shall prepareenvironrmenial iniiXzailon plans for the projecl ronadisl. FLrdier details ore presented below.

2.1. IEn%ironrntnral Scroping: [Ih .i A Lef cor.5uhntns ;nS rllni hall be! thefOi t hf- .t1c. a: -cf infellnce. .icf1liues .nd irUpLC (frinmarv and s aiw)dal thiat are to be

itudiI inl 01c I A.\ --II t1iC roaL : ShL1 LOM-prise all the I4< Oix. are required Wor ancm. :r'r ; ', as the'% are dos:n l... hca. l : Cc'rsulant h .Ih starl .hc

dsi Un1:.Jic:-v upI-on he ItIuiis of( IIt -tdy xrea for the projcct roads anod drawvirg theI! o1f kIt vt1; leŽ ridt imnpacts, tO be :41:1.1C red .d11i'; (;ic -LsCsI-nlCrt.

22. I)cNcripliN.n nf tie Propr,6%ed Ruid Improvemrnt.s: DNLl ipicfn l io he roadnstructlon t%rk 4lall ct hascd cr1 thn rie: 'cu.esign propcymals It k ll tUke tA)Ck of the

JTIVV- -smplv(r-crs and] breA rhcm "'ew- :.N crd:: to deli tr pe c* "orl;s in ordter to eiwethc idcl'.3itjofinof their l;kev' criro1rmtm:ntil nmpcl .A carnvenien: v. ay t do so is to Incdk

aL jL.11 eaJi actki\' into the [ciS ltc luscS design. cunstrucnon. maintenance anodo 'er2ti np

2.3 St tidv $re:i: lht' '.Ei-h'. aI IIl::e reaL! tc'rrisov: and all su-Toundirg.LI, II -e iidCF -m.rOi.iea.lt rnfu:r:c.:.e hnere tic en\r:onn-cntal imnpacLs on th-can 3 'c felt I >c pr;c5.N. "J de; t. , 'utlb ar.i <a. l be .lcicrmn¼nec durinlr thec

Ilinitil SC'Pl,,U1 C\CxQr iiSZ 'F1 ilwX LI

D24. Iecription of the Fnvironment: Ft c.inj.1T,lnt ha'.i ar-cnw:lme. Li;.:luatz and1m;sent l-%leli ta on the : en lonneltLIl Llharc,cwilrsics of tlhe stud; area. 11 z'nal Î I ait'I 1 IL'n LI 4I ` isn LI ; 1'i' e;on 1 fv -rYrI% ';Iai Jn ol.-V, !'.' *vni. CNNiL' MlflCI1

F. -I l . L. ... t, ,, . -j .*~..:. ~.*. 1- . 1 1 E. I' It. .. 1..11: s;.' . Ii' I F -CA I,1jr'I 1'ŽCt Assctimer, -

GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS\, ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

: . rc ;ur. , ul.i.n l:ren!% xv:. te ;u.C' CLI

I -i ifli. Cm 'te nd Ieleul 'lri dJ ;,.. 'A r atr j;; .lel . .1 I r-eain id downsitrcam. Lak and r x er sr -ciiK nSsUC

:,!n lild lie hr aIsse3C. -;here i' l peVCiLClccnidge (u). Prorloios and 1- r (in lenr.h t kn .

.] d:tM.lc] ;nfcrn sun ShLIUIJ be indizated and preserted

hfl '1 0,1 tZt Li1 e lJPtI2 'it iin 1 l d laura typcs, ruLr or erdJangered specl-s qrgnficatm narurWltLS^ ane sensiti' e h.abjims IncludSin pauks 1ad reserves etc . speCies of oninmcrcial

imnnrtauc (medicinal plants. tishk nid relidnu, -if Lhc local pcople on these resoarzes; and

species with Fpotential to become a :uisanc., vectors or dangerous. Ech and ever7 speclifcissue shal be assessed. inoctions. prm,porions and species type, r&eati;c dra-sit> uf specic5.pecp;e fcres: racine.li. and tra1dLit-o&dl resources managcment practices. at ailable resource NWopportunitmcs for devclopment iand detai'ed in•brnma-ion should h' :ndicated

Ž~. 4w-C. .w.'n:c J, 'I.: r/ dXnL'..tr 'ut. 51i-c'z..':ma :rnpiLt t *ic prOCL I ro3d on fi -i cJL, illmunitv. lurid use and c\: er and use types, land tenure svstcms r.Sd holding sizte. hunadn

.''leme,l si3ti On iiralefLnfe facilities. lreceri water supply and water resourcesAL;.i0: . ;1';; .i npet urbr >.':::ml and i ;::es, extstcncrt [; arn

lffldi jgCflC.i' pCOJtCN. i!lql;::t I orr genlOcr cutotrol oev'r a,ilflc4iOin ol restcJurLc uSC righlts; paertn.5

:Iw :se7tlenr'S: Ui Y'ra I Irpauct-eliS. iULhaeclcc cal andu hislirrinal sres. cultural heritages

2.5. Policy, ies-gal and .antidILIIISI1J?ive Framesm ork: R1- oi.sg.tant shall draw atteniLin!.e!o.C ir s f.- I.r !r.:eti iien.l 1 ' tIc £lhhcpa l:Li:imenu±I Protection AuLh.tnil

-I- R,K and oher sox -rrment illStitULi'l which ,\iI nL;i to bc i ppiied in respect 01

L ,"it : : 'd p- o"osg 1Tar Cxternll d0n10 7h:anc;na :Crasider;r!crnr.

. ,. l'lublic C-Drviirmhation : hc t inlu-'-lart 5ali ; rH ct pubc zcnsul:ation at ni.Ajorlw' I-s" AIac i: .!o;,2 .- n:un' .J:L to he .jffeOCIeL ! the pricht ro:id. Interviews wvitlr i VihjUW1 ' J.' jfli . ..2 ::tr&v Ii .:t; @r cc': t;1i . ;2r. *shn b}e a de c'.iC n:: usj,lniredI shall ii hestL L:,; 1 i i, :s.c: or r tucruatr n 2 CO IN 1'-,r Their apini71ns 01n

l:J' conL-truc ion wet s in ion tir a;'lcse eCft&:L e C :lic C11; ir1-'murentI 1 he IJU tCo1m

* tS ).cU[iXtfil shLl. i'-; and 4,ud ±1.uiThes tr : cic;raie in t-he r oadpr:'. eWptne- t proj!ct shall A .n b mndicated. hleL -on-mitant h;tl lSse the ;kev roles to he

* Ii' H V ;-.e difiren: Mi:lakc>llcls in eVij at celivcniz srx irCe'. Looc.s wVorks. or olher

L e:^tci'.w.n i the :'rc;l et. : ric!llE; l >ne br WTbU:tat Ofl .u;d pJtiLi FIICH in :he pro'ec!.

. owii &,titC*Fn -lcfl. m econitneniijti vns :'ite c, wuita1ULit r uC:si. and Lw', [1theC

-,I-lrill,LZ-'l;i-iins arC to be tn orTodLncd into the prjet.

44-

t . tJ s- x.r '110SE:iE-}-- I.i'l- '[,L§ .1; ̂, tl-ll"':I] ............. !111- S1I- slna $

GO N DAR - D E BARK KOCKS', R O AD PR O JE CT N GE N IE UR E

2.7. i)etermination of the i'oteniia1 lmpacts and Impacts on ihe Propustid Roads:Poteniil1 impacts to be assessed slia I include, but not be limited to:

a Project louatiro poss:ble rscttlNci1icC of pe'.'plc. d1Siiigc of propi)el ty values; losS Uf foiesland acriculvr_ral Land. loss of \egetative cocer: deteric,ration or loss otf ecologicalh4ensilive areaR, inm,pac- e n tlora and fauna: impact on hiistoric and culturai siLes, effec.s on%%aier resources outsidC and inŽvidc command arca, induced devcopnent. need for waterhi.rxestinu

b Project design: moditication oft disruption of natural drainage patterns: changes ingroundw3ter regime and land-scape: design of road alignments and pavements as veill asbridges and culverts. interference Aith movements of 'Aldliler, livestock and local people:;road crossings for people and animals, sensitive alignmients, and water harxesting.

c- Couvrruciion works: poctential landslides. susceptibility to erosions, si-carn wid lakesedimentatUon: wvater logging at b .rrrow pits and quarries; construction spoils: airpallu ion: noise. mLel and oii spiils; ianiary conditions aid health risks associated wtithconstructionl cailmps and 3 orkcrs cLrniiL.- into the area; social conflicts betw:ee1 inmportedwkorkers anid local people on water and oliher resources.

d Project operatioun: road spjlls and road runoff pollution. roadside waste; air pollution;iio ,ie: :raflic safet issues, undcs:rable habit Fefi over by the constructioin workers. Inputs0: ilIC -o LI ii. Pno v' 11C% S.

T1hi scorinn rart of the EIA shall Jetermine the exact list of imp.acts that should benvlEestT:i!ledl.

2.8. 4nal. %i% of AIternatives to the Propowd Roads and Road Alignments: I heConsuha-iti shlll co1nsider alternatives analyzed during the feasibiliry stage. The dillfcrentimpacts described should idicate %%hich are irreversible or unavoidable and wvhich can bernitic.awd h-ne analysis should address. to thle extent possible. costs and benefits of eacha :iier-akc. and incorporate the esirmatcd costs uo anr' associated mritigating mcasurcs. The:terriaEi\ c ol kcepimg the current status \i%t cut road improvemrents should be includled forcomaria son.

2.9 Environimental 'Management Plan and Mitiglation Cost estimates: Ihet. cnsIl[aflt shall arepare an en'iror.ment-l mitigation pl1n and recommend fasiblc and cost-

'cctive nmcasures to prc enr or reduce si-lificant ncgati' c impacts to acceptable levels. I [heConsultant sh:!ll esftirme the impacts and costs of these measuir.es. aid of Lhe insituticnalrcsponsibi'Litiis and training requirenments to implement them. Compens.ation to affectedpanics for ilpLaLts. .hiuch cannot be :nitiLatcd. should be considered The Consultant shouldprepare a short and ioncise nana,enlcent p1lan including progosexi work programs, badget

- 1* 's.u :I,1,C I ; i ce; for the Rcview oi VL4 I I'.:' Sai., Rv. ict of Enviroental hiflpJcl Aa,c.,ijije.¶.

(7% GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS >ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

sKtimJic. chedules st&filnt azd traf-rinnr reawlremen:s, anid otler- ncXCSS7 support sel ivees

to inmicmeni the nitisainu ncoisures The consul1tan 1saE nix.' ,ndicatc a separate cost foreach and every negative inpact idenLlfied during field a.ssessmenet and the stud\ findings

stoulitdk deinuelv be. if ntl at al 'l. ant intut for detailed enginleerng D1esign clr rt2VI V-X.

2.16. I'nvironmental lonitoring Plan: A detailed plan shal be preipared to monitor th.

:mpnlenieniat-on of miiigating measures and the impactc he proposed road%%ork duringctPnl.t:uction and after completion. tue reference should be made to RALhs En-ironmcniaiNionrinn Prwedures Manual (EMPt). as and when appropriate or additions into the

EVIRP.M madie as needed. The Consultant shou]d define a few indizators of enviromientalpcrro,-mance that can be miiniltred or. a regular basis and also indicatc the different eligiblest Akeholders in place to monitor the activities. Suitable provisions for ontractors' clausessnotdd also be spelled out for the detailed engineering design or review stage (See Phase 11).

2.11. Resettlnrncnt Requirements and Planning: [he potenLial land acquismlion.c pienF>- satio6n 1rc resettlemendt requirtments in the road nght-of-wav of the proposed roadaligiments sLilould be assessed. The requiremneis should be deterniinec in accordanc with

tLe \World Bankls Operationil Directive on Involuntary Resettlement (O1P 4.12,. ARes-ttlerenet Action Plan CRAP). a tull or abbreviated RAP, wvill be prepared whenever land

acq ji;iiioan Is requircd. The consultant should also assess dhe number uf pcrsons to beaffected and government or prinvate owned properties to be expropriated because of the road

nn;itntic.nn. F.stimale costs to mitigate his problen. or dislocaie the aff0cted perscns. if

:Iriv, The :onsultant shall als, aLssess aLnd inL;caie the list,s of those persons to be (full- aiid

P;llmri!l* atfecied bv the DFjci.L 0with the type. number and size of houses to be demolished

bolth ill urbani aInd rura` frea. nrilands to he takeen (permanenLI) and temnporaril),. "iut andotdhcr trees t3 be renoved xnd o:lier reinted issues (See 11.2 below1

2.12. Asqistance to Inter-Agency( Coordination and Vublic/NG() Participation: The EIA\wrk; slhall bi carricd cut in LufOSl LUuP1pCralit.'1 with ERA. T'he Consultant shall assist incoordiniating, the Ern iroim:rual A].sscssment with oither govemnient agencies. notably, tleFnmirnnr.enld Protec0Tin Alt_hontr EPA). Eth;,qt:an Wiidlite Conservation Organizabion

f: WCO) and ERA's Etxwtronnt.1-mal M-1on1itoring and Safety Braachi (EMS13B, and inweirmnumS.cating wiLh and oblainini thb views of iocal affected gruips and persons and NCiOs.particularly in cases o: new road a'munnierus. Relevant InStiLotnrls or indixiduals should be

ZOsMult& Ld the 0uLIeDmC o -consuiltatiui shiould be incaiq)uraLetU.

213.G.ender Issues: The consu]:;an snail assess. le -no Prmject and the twith project"

scenarios. th im1pacts of Lhe road construction on aender and Lheir pmricipaion in thep4aiun g. implenientation, in mon:tor,nn and CvaluatiOl. In tihe2 division of labour - who does

wh1at? Involvemenllt in familik decision-making: w.ho decides an what etc 7 And generally, tlhemp.icts of the react On x\omen and related issues should be assesseld

: .'%Ui 2\ S C. .N iS I i.12 I. Reiv. o! !i-A',Itlibif N1L'1dy, F r'l_% od FnF illrolnm icl injpact0ASsees4lciil. *U

G O N DA R - D E BA R K KS -.) ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

2.14. (GI5 Systems (Geographic Intfrmation SYstem): In order to have concrete andrealistic stud> inidings, -lie consult.ant shall use the latest version of (ilS systes that wouassist in anal' sing- and processing the sp:itial and socio-economic data of the study areas. Thlconsuliant shall produce a good base map :hat will indicate possit'le relocalion sites, landacquis;ition, sensitive habitats both biophvsical and socio-cultural and Tesettlement pattemsalong the project roads and other inror-tanl physical features The consultant shouid use GISs' stenms fLor calculahng, thc otal size Cl,l farmland or grazin: land to be expropriated or takentemporarily and'or permanenti\ from farmers in the ROW, for indicating the exact locationfor relocation areas with sizes, and major towns and other facilities on the map.

11-2: Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)

2.15. Background: Development projects such as road construction, which require landacquisilitin, often involve involuntary resettlement of some of the project beneficianes.Experience froin previous road projccts reveal that, unless adverse social impacts such asrcsenlemeii aie mitigated, they WIll lead to severe socic-cconoroic and environnienTalimpacts: loss of land; dibmantlement of production systems; dislecation of social values:propagatiioni of sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) and HIVAIDS. soil and water erosionand so forth on tanrland. In order to minimize the adverse social impacts of roadconltructicin operal]tins under dte RSDI', RAPs wvill be prcparcd in concert with the legalfram-ework or die Federal Government of Ethiopia and dte World Bank's Operationalf I,e cs OP4. 1 .

2.16. R.ationalc: The Environmental Polic; of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopiaand in siniilar di.ferent Finnancinu avencies staures ' all persons wvlhose livclihoods lhavc bcnadversely affected by state development programs should be compensated based on actualmarke; v lues for the atTectod resources.' The otlher sectoral policies po:nt out similar actsthat go%ernnient institutions and indivd"uals should take in plrotecting tie naturalenvironment. Thereflire, RANs shall Crcus on the assessment and Addressing of the LielyirnoacLs of the developmrent priject awid propos:e coost-ctYective anid inmpleiiientablc mitigationmeasures.

2.17. Scopte: This proposed scr'icc encompasses the preparation of a RAP for the roadproject a4nd a firm wviLh a group of experienced and appropriately qualilfied consutanlts is-e' iiaced 'rThe R[AP should be developed based on existing docucnentation (e.g., EPA's ELIAG-uideline Document. ERA's RSDPII document and Resettlemert Policy Framne%ork Paper),and field studies. Relevant documernts are to be acquired through Lhe Environmental

oriltor'n and Safer) Branch (ENISB) in ERA. The RAP shall provide project speci;csoci-eeononic diata about ProLject Affected People (PAPs: and mitigation measures andco>tS. Infuninaton presented in the RAP witll facilitate: (a) the incoiporation of relevant socialdata into the road design; ob) the right of way operations; Ic) the poverty allevialion effotns ofroiad in\ estments. and Id) the enhancement of the livelihood of PAP. The draft RAP should

-Cm ranl I c Sc.:. c for the Re%le" * F e SiiL. 8rW . Review c tlnL ILEC'lme .L I nTr2c A. cS6!1Clt. 47-S t ro - t ir-Tm' .1 1 - - r- - - r . --... ., r-.L- - I- r..........h'L

(r) GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS ciZ

__ ROAD PROJ ECT I N G E N I E U R E

hne disca.sseJi and endorscd hv -RA and the World Bankl betore submission ol die `±nal

2.18. Tasks: \VVhaL i' IùLnV., Eb a broad descriptionii of Wks, which thLe cc.XIisdtaiitasiS is

expected to acccrnplhh under the services requested. extracting and uising rhe inrfbrnalioIn.vhere possible froml any existing documentation. The tasks to be conducted aic described

2 18.1 Legal and Adnministrative Framework:* .Assess and present the applicable legal and administrative procedures, includMi

dscnpiion of the remedies available to displaced persons in the judicial pmcess and the

normlal tirnefrane for such procedures, and any available alternative dispute resolution

mechanisms that may be relevant to resettlement under the project.

* Description of ERA. it's status and mandate, and how the institution is related to relevant

ministncs and pollcies, describe also ERA's Legal Division and Right-of-Way (ROW.,

Branch. their maneates and functions in delivering entitlements.

* Idertify and present relevant laws and reg.ulations (including cuLstomarv and LraLWdional

aiI governing land tenure, valuation of assets and losses. compensation, and natural

resoutcc usage rights: customnary personal laA related to displacement; and environmentallaws uand social wvelfare legislation.

* Identify and present laws and regulations relating to the agencies responsible for

mirp;ementiue resertlement aclivities.* lndicele procemwes foc)r delivenr of' enutlcrrnits.

* Assess and present gaps, if ans, betueen local laws coxering emiiinent domain and

resetilement and the Bank's resettlement policy, and the mechaiismis to bnrdge such gaps:

and axiv legal steps necessiry tLo ensure the effective implementation of resettlementactivities tinder the projeCt including, as appropriate, a process for recognizing claims to

legal riglts to land-including claimns tat deri%e fTom customary law- and traditional

usage (see OP 4.12, paraS 15 bi.

* Indicate the implementation process of the RAklP that includes. but not limited lo. thefollvoing points: grievance rcdress niccLhianisrns that would apply to [he resettlement plan

and RAP implement-ation ccsrt.

2.18.2 Institution.ll Framework* ldenlib agcncies responsible for resettiemen! activities and NGOs thaL Mav have a role in

pr'It impilementationl and assess the institutional capacity- of such agcncies and NsWn

* Present any Steps tihat are proposed io enhance the institutlionial capacity of agencies and

NCi(h responsible for resettlement implementation.

* Asscs, formad and fiformal institut;ons at local, regional and national leveIs ilaL are

relevant to the project, the inter-relationships between thiese instututions. availahility of

ary legal and polii:cal framework lfor interaction amsong ket, suikeholders and

- r-iwi Iia nc crS irc c .-r r r,i.c FRee *c l nf Fea -i'mItrI S, ri , tv i c A .*,En n. r uc: iL.,,I Irl nrac Asscssmen t, *

GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKSROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

b I IN ;;':;.iniC> tI lilt: P.L-jt'Lt. ay iiicmrrctiu; ceciasrns tb r delivcr.-o i' ser icc, or rn jixibeacH;. -5t.rg RCltor& rt Ci'. rldied tn beneificiares ardi affected peopcl

2.18.3 Soicio -cconomnic Surve3: <c.1cute a ScoCiCi-econonhic suLIn'eV co% orinPLtIh clrn1w1imric

* Ci!r:i e: ociLrprl[s of Lhe riAhtL-o;aN Ito a%oLjid inluio w 1, IoCfe people sccikno eligibIItyrfor co:rper:;arnon:

Sta&t.ird Ch.;±-,icertislic! of cdisplaced houseboids (baselic information on r ilinod.zxolio:riic Wnd Social inwfiomation. oc1), occupations of the PAP, likely socio-ecnom'cinipdc.cs of W project.boh Ln rural and urhan areas:T rie IT:agrf;:udc of the expected loss rtotal/full or partal), the impacts on acultul and- aLaniig lands wvith the names of owvners/users of the individual farmers, presujmably ins rfe ( i-. exact locations nt land sites for construction camips. quaries and borrow ptIb:

* in1tir:r"aucL'r on %uLnrable groups or pcrsons (for whlom special protisicn may have to hmadk i. numbLlcr ot prjec; MlYeLkcd persons: name of partiallv and hluly alle'icd persons.dc-r lrcarlcls. izes, and1 t1peN ot property a-ffected. Types of propevrLa!s Lu Ue affteccdi . lkwuses M.d c-rupklnds, trccs cfruit and pemanznrn. cash crops (Catfiee and C.-tirplan) is,31 sl hSsesseSSL

Prol; iSCor3 Iu:' updati :nl'nnaicm nPr, LWe displaceJ pIooIC&S li"clihcods and standards oftIj -i.I, st rg'Lar intervals Lso thd j - ltest inaesriforrrt3ro n 1i naa; tt at the tinme ef ti.eird1i.Sj)1:11,'0l1101.

* [iV C- cs1 :r] nu;wun-l ;:Ld -reJid[Il iaj.d usc related policies and regulations. lard tenulre-" rJ:tuts:.Žr :v ;kl. ae 2 la] n h hc,ldir.,g per hn.isehold, numw cr ot houlscholds lt) beatfk'cld I an d:i -,; show I le exact numhx:r of familics dial *ill rc!a.),.ate to ncw proposedSiteS1 i U ti vjf r.I Jo i1w :l c ; .r l nd.

* Tx ra:;^^;ers . âc Ir.:rkicn 'in riLe `dt;1-0ectedj ccnsnuitries. inLcludine sxc;al nr.c[Yx?Z^JIPI :M.i1 suppert sy sterns, alld hiI-l% 1Cx %%ill LC be .f'ICTd hn 'le proltect;P.IIuc n'r:iTrjcrLre aliJ tcc:a) L-Lt\ ice'; t:ati ml be affecTedi

* S:cz: 1 tnr.i cuural c`-Ihraczerisuss fdsccd communities in remr;s r't gentder. mltigrntm:sand E:Tlters aIR! pLlrc;1esu:ia uitd d2scrihc to the extenrit feasible. iheLr preferences asrec ir.1- to ysrisled resenlerneni or ;elf-renlemeiw.

* ar;|e :'naIJA1: O' 6kehlje hcu;c ,rer krs , te nl3rltr. if JIB, j.1d squXtcrq ii lecallv huLilthIuuNCN in tie (ij\)J, peonple % ho 'xl ]ohe d-eir incoif:e, nmunher and nanies (it thesej ,:'o, I :i :"' ;d nimuber -if hou,scs (WLth 1r&pC. Inca:iorns ]ocali:V. sh'e. suus &. condiionsof thNe xei'fc. nd liwv dic atre oine to be trcatedl and crrinpensated. and inzorreresToration nlechlinisrnm: 4hall aSo 'e indit .ned.

* imc pah;)liC consultallen oUIl Pl'As and conUcrn1d lotxfI- antL:Lii VCe bx-odies .d0re,:.1: JirTjc'C -,,iad iri i.':e tihle outcome and include nminutes of .overrmuent oTiciai&OnnMitinent to rLuly aissiiT tne rsenlement action plan processes bclOre and'or atLer tihe

c.mpJcfllk. &'- tllhe r-oatd pec

, . -1l , 7W .1t,ll. 0.l r"K., !L. LA 7 i. *;.; - ; r, t'.: ;r.4.i .;.- .. r. .. . :. .- T'rAO- r r1--- r- 2

r.nA ? l,.4- D,.,.Afl.. . .

4GOND A R -DEBAR K KOCKSROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

[ i he mnarklet value of buildings & trees. in general terms, should be split intto the,

fol I ng .nLr s5db-divisions: Tyvpe of buildings (new or old) to be demnolished: - number.

locations. size (in rn5 and list of the owners of bothi filly antd partially demolished

hnuseFs and similarly for trees (irf or permanLent), species type. location; names and

nuniber oi persons whose trecs are guing to be affected and tLiIe nUnber trees to bc

affected o. removed slhall be indizaicd.

2.18.4 Eligibility: Provide a definition of displaced personrs and criteria for detemilning thcir

eligibilitr for compensation and other resettlement assistance, including relevant cur-off

dates.

2.18.5 Valuation of and Compensation for Losses: Define and present the methodology to

be used in valuing losses; determine the replacement cost and describe the types and levels of

compensation proposed under local law and supplementary measures considered necessary Lo

achieve replacement cost for lost assets.

6 Public Consultation: The Consultant shall conduct public consultationis at major

-. owns/x.i1lages all along the road, in as many as are to be affected by the project road.

lnten'iews xxith individuals belonging to different social and/or economic categories shall be

miiade. Questionnaires shall also be administcred to NGOs for their opinions on the

constnrclion wvorks in relationi to the adverse effects. The outcome of these consultations

shall b- indicated, as wvell as local initiatives to participate in the road development project.

:onsultant shall also assess the key roles to be played bv the different stakeholders in terms of

delivering services. goLods works, or other elements in the project, mrechanisms used for

consultaiion and participatioi in the piolect, main outcomne and recommendations af the

consultation rwocess. and how these recommendations are to be incorporated into the projecl.

2.I1S.7 Reie(tlement Measures: Provide a description of the puckages of compensaLon anid

other resettlement measures that wvitl assist each category of eligible displaced persons to

achieve the objectivcs of the policy (see OP 4.12, Para. 6). In addition to being technically

and economically feasible, the resettlement packages should be compatible with the cutural

preferernces of the ciisi laced persons. and prepared in consuliafion with them.

1.18.8 Site Sclection, Site Preparation, and Relocation: Identiy and present if available,

in urban areas, where the relocation -;ouid be in clusters from which to select one

considering:* Institutional and tcchnical arrangements for identifying and preparing relocation sites for

which a combination of productive potential, location advantaves, and other factors is, at

least, comparable to the advantages of Lhe old sites. ith an estimate of the time needed to

accquire and tranisfer lanid and ancillary resources:

* .Anv measures necssary to prevent land speculation or inilux of ineligible persons at the

setecred site ;

Cl:'isuI1wy. Sex ices fo)r th: Re F Ce ot eea5ibii-r- Stud, Rev%ewV of Erw [It'llefll.i Impaut A5sessinerik 51

GO N DAR - DEBARK KOBCAKSROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

* Pr@duct:v~ epotential, location ad; atugei and tither factors;* Prr:'ccdures for phyvsical relocation unde. the prolieet. inc]udirn tirnctTh:Nes for site

prelparatrtin and LtransfCr. anid le4,1 .trranvemea ias ir regularizing tenure and transierringtitles to resenle:

* Prev ention cof land speculaticil or influx of melig-,ble persons io dlic selected sites.

2.18.9 Housing Infrastructure, and Sncial Services: Prepare plans to provide (or tofinance resettlers' prov ision of), housilig, infrastructure (e.g, wvacer supply, keeder roads). andsocial services te g , schools, health services): plans to ensure comparable services to hostpopulations; any necessarY site developmfent, engineering, and architectural desigzns for thesetfac lities

2.18.10 Environmental Protection and Mlanagement: Describe the boundaries of ihereWlcation area. ind assess the environnental impacts of Lhe proposed resettlement andideniif, the role of the different stakeholders in regard to the protection of the environmentand the execut ion of tlhe resettlement plan.

2.18.I1 Impieineniation Sche(lule: Preparc an implementation schedule covering alresetl'enlent rehahilitation activities frorm preparation through iniplenientation. includingtarget dartce flr die achie"emenir of expected benefits to the resettled and hosts and defuic thevarious formi of assistance. the schedule should inUicate how the resettlement/rehablirtotionnewi% i:es a:-e hiked to Ihe implementation ot -Jlo O\ e:ral project.

.18.12 (oht% andl Budget: Preparc rahilos showinj itemized cost estinnates fr all.csctlcmCn1t activiticS. includiz.g allowanc-es [or inflati.on. compensatiun lor loss of dillerenirproperties and lands, population gro%INh. ;nJ other contingenicies tiumetables forexpendr ure.s. sources of funds: and rrangtements iforT lirmely floW of funds, and ftnding forresettlenienLt re.ha'b,ilitation, if any, in areas outside the jurisdiction of the implementingageniels.

2.1S.13 Mfnnitoring And Evaluation: Describe arrangements .or monitoring ofresenlementrebilalitatiori activities by the implementing agency, supplemented by:ndependent nmonicors as considered apr-ropriatc by the Bank, to ensure complete andobjectlive infdmiation. Derfo-anwice moniLonug indLicators to nieaqure inputs. oiutputs. andouitcomes ror resertlenmeni activitics: involvement of thc displaced peertons in the monitoringprocess: evaluation of the inlpncT of recetlement for a reasonable period after all r?settleienlinld related devcelopmient ach:v:tie. have been comipleted using: the resuiLs of resettlementnionitoring. tI cLLide sLbsequent implcrnent.ioun.

- I r:, iii:. Services for the R . iLc- c f 1 i a ru: Rev.;. jiLa' 'nm:wa. imrnpact Assessment 51fl .. Y% : 4' . . . * .*

se>,

ru

OP 4.12I WORLD BANK OPERATIONAL MANUAL December 2001

II Operational PoliciesThese policies were prepared for use by World Bank staff and are not necessarily a completetreatment of the subject.

Involuntary ResettlementThis Operational Policy statement was revised in April 2004 to ensure consistency with the requirementsof OP/BP 6.00, issued in April 2004. These changes may be viewed here.

OP 4.12 (revised April 2004) applies only to projects that are govemed by OP/BP 6.00, Bank Financing - that is,those in countries with Mpro% ed comnirN Fiiiutic ing paralllriters. Other operational policy statements goveming Bankfinancing that have been amended to reflect OP/BP 6.00 also apply to these projects, click to view a full Table ofContents (blue).

Projects in countries without approved country financing parameters continue to be subject to other operational policy.statements goveming Bank financing; click here for a full Table of Contents (yellow) that includes these statements.E Note: OP and BP 4.12 together replace OD 4.30, Involuntary Resettlement. These OP and BP apply to allprojects for which a Project Concept Review takes place on or after January 1, 2002. Questions may beaddressed to the Director, Social Development Department (SDV).

1. Bank1 experience indicates that involuntary resettlement under development projects, ifunmitigated, often gives rise to severe economic, social, and environmental risks: productionsystems are dismantled; people face impoverishment when their productive assets or incomesources are lost; people are relocated to environments where their productive skills may be lessapplicable and the competition for resources greater; community institutions and social networksare weakened; kin groups are dispersed; and cultural identity, traditional authority, and the potentialfor mutual help are diminished or lost. This policy includes safeguards to address and mitigate theseimpoverishment risks.

Policy Objectives

2. Involuntary resettlement may cause severe long-term hardship, impoverishment, andenvironmental damage unless appropriate measures are carefully planned and carried out. For thesereasons, the overall objectives of the Bank's policy on involuntary resettlement are the following:

(a) Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploringall viable alternative project designs.2(b) Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should beconceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficientinvestment resources to enable the persons displaced by the project to share in projectbenefits. Displaced persons3 should be meaningfully consulted and should haveopportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs.(c) Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoodsand standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacementlevels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation,whichever is higher.4

Impacts Covered

(a) the involuntary7 taking of land- resulting in(i) relocation or loss of shelter;(ii) lost of assets or access to assets; or(iii) loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not theaffected persons must move to another location; or

(b) the involuntary restriction of access 9 to legally designated parks and protected areas

resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displaced persons.

4. This policy applies to all components of the project that result in involuntary resettlement,

regardless of the source of financing. It also applies to other activities resulting in involuntary

resettlement, that in the judgment of the Bank, are (a) directly and significantly related to the Bank-

assisted project, (b) necessary to achieve its objectives as set forth in the project documents; and (c)

carried out, or planned to be carried out, contemporaneously with the project.

5. Requests for guidance on the application and scope of this policy should be addressed to the

Resettlement Committee (see BP 4.12, para. 7).1Q

Required Measures

6. To address the impacts covered under para. 3 (a) of this policy, the borrower prepares a

resettlement plan or a resettlement policy framework (see paras. 25-30) that covers the following:

(a) The resettlement plan or resettlement policy framework includes measures to ensure that

the displaced persons are(i) informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement;

(ii) consulted on, offered choices among, and provided withtechnically and economically feasible resettlement alternatives; and

(iii) provided prompt and effective compensation at full replacement

cost1 1 for losses of assets'-2 attributable directly to the project.

(b) If the impacts include physical relocation, the resettlement plan or resettlementpolicy framework includes measures to ensure that the displaced persons are

(i) provided assistance (such as moving allowances) duringrelocation; and

(ii) provided with residential housing, or housing sites, or, asrequired, agricultural sites for which a combination of productivepotential, locational advantages, and other factors is at least

equivalent to the advantages of the old site.13

(c) Where necessary to achieve the objectives of the policy, the resettlement plan or

resettlement policy framework also include measures to ensure that displaced personsare

(i) offered support after displacement, for a transition period, basedon a reasonable estimate of the time likely to be needed to restore

their livelihood and standards of living;1 4 and

(ii) provided with development assistance in addition tocompensation measures described in paragraph 6(a) (iii), such asland nrenaration. credit facilities, training, or iob opportunities.

7. In projects involving involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protectedareas (see para. 3(b)), the nature of restrictions, as well as the type of measures necessary tomitigate adverse impacts, is determined with the participation of the displaced persons during thedesign and implementation of the project. In such cases, the borrower prepares a process frameworkacceptable to the Bank, describing the participatory process by which

(a) specific components of the project will be prepared and implemented;

(b) the criteria for eligibility of displaced persons will be determined;

(c) measures to assist the displaced persons in their efforts to improve their livelihoods,or at least to restore them, in real terms, while maintaining the sustainability of the parkor protected area, will be identified; and

(d) potential conflicts involving displaced persons will be resolved.

The process framework also includes a description of the arrangements forimplementing and monitoring the process.

8. To achieve the objectives of this policy, particular attention is paid to the needs of vulnerablegroups among those displaced, especially those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly,women and children, indigenous peoples,A5 ethnic minorities, or other displaced persons who maynot be protected through national land compensation legislation.

9. Bank experience has shown that resettlement of indigenous peoples with traditional land-basedmodes of production is particularly complex and may have significant adverse impacts on theiridentity and cultural survival. For this reason, the Bank satisfies itself that the borrower hasexplored all viable alternative project designs to avoid physical displacement of these groups. Whenit is not feasible to avoid such displacement, preference is given to land-based resettlementstrategies for these groups (see para. 11) that are compatible with their cultural preferences and areprepared in consultation with them (see Annex A, para. 11).

10. The implementation of resettlement activities is linked to the implementation of the investmentcomponent of the project to ensure that displacement or restriction of access does not occur beforenecessary measures for resettlement are in place. For impacts covered in para. 3(a) of this policy,these measures include provision of compensation and of other assistance required for relocation,prior to displacement, and preparation and provision of resettlement sites with adequate facilities,where required. In particular, taking of land and related assets may take place only aftercompensation has been paid and, where applicable, resettlement sites and moving allowances havebeen provided to the displaced persons. For impacts covered in para. 3(b) of this policy, themeasures to assist the displaced persons are implemented in accordance with the plan of action aspart of the project (see para. 30).

11. Preference should be given to land-based resettlement strategies for displaced persons whoselivelihoods are land-based. These strategies may include resettlement on public land (see footnote 1above), or on private land acquired or purchased for resettlement. Whenever replacement land isoffered, resettlers are provided with land for which a combination of productive potential, locationaladvantages, and other factors is at least equivalent to the advantages of the land taken. If land is notthe preferred option of the displaced persons, the provision of land would adversely affect thesustainability of a park or protected area, 16 or sufficient land is not available at a reasonable price,non-land-based options built around opportunities for employment or self-employment should beprovided in addition to cash compensation for land and other assets lost. The lack of adequate landmust be demonstrated and documented to the satisfaction of the Bank.

12. Payment of cash compensation for lost assets may be appropriate where (a) livelihoods are land-

such markets, and there is sufficient supply of land and housing; or (c) livelihoods are not land-

based. Cash compensation levels should be sufficient to replace the lost land and other assets at full

replacement cost in local markets.

13. For impacts covered under para. 3(a) of this policy, the Bank also requires the following:

(a) Displaced persons and their communities, and any host communities receivingthem, are provided timely and relevant information, consulted on resettlement options,

and offered opportunities to participate in planning, implementing, and monitoring

resettlement. Appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms are established for

these groups.

(b) In new resettlement sites or host communities, infrastructure and public services are

provided as necessary to improve, restore, or maintain accessibility and levels of

service for the displaced persons and host communities. Alternative or similarresources are provided to compensate for the loss of access to community resources

(such as fishing areas, grazing areas, fuel, or fodder).

(c) Patterns of community organization appropriate to the new circumstances are based

on choices made by the displaced persons. To the extent possible, the existing social

and cultural institutions of resettlers and any host communities are preserved and

resettlers' preferences with respect to relocating in preexisting communities and groups

are honored.

Eligibility for Benefitsh8

14. Upon identification of the need for involuntary resettlement in a project, the borrower carries

out a census to identify the persons who will be affected by the project (see the Annex A para. 6

(a)), to determine who will be eligible for assistance, and to discourage inflow of people ineligible

for assistance. The borrower also develops a procedure, satisfactory to the Bank, for establishing the

criteria by which displaced persons will be deemed eligible for compensation and other resettlement

assistance. The procedure includes provisions for meaningful consultations with affected persons

and communities, local authorities, and, as appropriate, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs),

and it specifies grievance mechanisms.

15. Criteria for Eligibility. Displaced persons may be classified in one of the following three

groups:

(a) those who have formal legal rights to land (including customary and traditionalrights recognized under the laws of the country);

(b) those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the census begins but

have a claim to such land or assets-provided that such claims are recognized under the

laws of the country or become recognized through a process identified in the

resettlement plan (see Annex A, para. 7(f)); and1 -9

(c) those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they are occupying.

16. Persons covered under para. 15(a) and (b) are provided compensation for the land they lose, and

other assistance in accordance with para. 6. Persons covered under para. 15(c) are provided

resettlement assistance" in lieu of compensation for the land they occupy, and other assistance, as

necessary, to achieve the objectives set out in this policy, if they occupy the project area prior to a

cut-off date established by the borrower and acceptable to the Bank.3-l-Persons who encroach on the

area after the cut-off date are not entitled to compensation or any other form of resettlement,qRi-tance All nersons included in nara. 15(a), (b). or (c) are provided compensation for loss of

Resettlement Planning, Implementation, and Monitoring

17. To achieve the objectives of this policy, different planning instruments are used, depending onthe type of project:

(a) a resettlement plan or abbreviated resettlement plan is required for all operationsthat entail involuntary resettlement unless otherwise specified (see para. 25 and AnnexA);

(b) a resettlement policy framework is required for operations referred to in paras. 26-30 that may entail involuntary resettlement, unless otherwise specified (see Annex A);and

(c) a process framework is prepared for projects involving restriction of access inaccordance with para. 3(b) (see para. 31).

18. The borrower is responsible for preparing, implementing, and monitoring a resettlement plan, aresettlement policy framework, or a process framework (the "resettlement instruments"), asappropriate, that conform to this policy. The resettlement instrument presents a strategy forachieving the objectives of the policy and covers all aspects of the proposed resettlement. Borrowercommitment to, and capacity for, undertaking successful resettlement is a key determinant of Bankinvolvement in a project.

19. Resettlement planning includes early screening, scoping of key issues, the choice ofresettlement instrument, and the information required to prepare the resettlement component orsubcomponent. The scope and level of detail of the resettlement instruments vary with themagnitude and complexity of resettlement. In preparing the resettlement component, the borrowerdraws on appropriate social, technical, and legal expertise and on relevant community-basedorganizations and NGOs.-2 The borrower informs potentially displaced persons at an early stageabout the resettlement aspects of the project and takes their views into account in project design.

20. The full costs of resettlement activities necessary to achieve the objectives of the project areincluded in the total costs of the project. The costs of resettlement, like the costs of other projectactivities, are treated as a charge against the economic benefits of the project; and any net benefitsto resettlers (as compared to the "without-project" circumstances) are added to the benefits streamof the project. Resettlement components or free-standing resettlement projects need not beeconomically viable on their own, but they should be cost-effective.

21. The borrower ensures that the Project Implementation Plan is fully consistent with theresettlement instrument.

22. As a condition of appraisal of projects involving resettlement, the borrower provides the Bankwith the relevant draft resettlement instrument which conforms to this policy, and makes it availableat a place accessible to displaced persons and local NGOs, in a form, manner, and language that areunderstandable to them. Once the Bank accepts this instrument as providing an adequate basis forproject appraisal, the Bank makes it available to the public through its InfoShop. After the Bank hasapproved the final resettlement instrument, the Bank and the borrower disclose it again in the samemanner.23

23. The borrower's obligations to carry out the resettlement instrument and to keep the Bankinformed of implementation progress are provided for in the legal agreements for the project.

24. The borrower is responsible for adequate monitoring and evaluation of the activities set forth inthe resettlement instrument. The Bank regularly supervises resettlement implementation todetermine compliance with the resettlement instrument. Upon completion of the project, the

results of resettlement monitoring. If the assessment reveals that these objectives may not berealized, the borrower should propose follow-up measures that may serve as the basis for continuedBank supervision, as the Bank deems appropriate (see also BP 4.12, para. 16).

Resettlement Instruments

Resettlement Plan

25. A draft resettlement plan that conforms to this policy is a condition of appraisal (see Annex A

paras. 2-2 1) for projects referred to in para. 17(a) above.2-4 However, where impacts on the entire

displaced population are minor,-- or fewer than 200 people are displaced, an abbreviatedresettlement plan may be agreed with the borrower (see Annex A, para. 22). The informationdisclosure procedures set forth in para. 22 apply.

Resettlement Policy Framework

26. For sector investment operations that may involve involuntary resettlement, the Bank requiresthat the project implementing agency screen subprojects to be financed by the Bank to ensure theirconsistency with this OP. For these operations, the borrower submits, prior to appraisal, aresettlement policy framework that conforms to this policy (see Annex A paras. 23-25). Theframework also estimates, to the extent feasible, the total population to be displaced and the overallresettlement costs.

27. For financial intermediary operations that may involve involuntary resettlement, the Bankrequires that the financial intermediary (FI) screen subprojects to be financed by the Bank to ensuretheir consistency with this OP. For these operations, the Bank requires that before appraisal theborrower or the Fl submit to the Bank a resettlement policy framework conforming to this policy(see Annex A, paras. 23-25). In addition, the framework includes an assessment of the institutionalcapacity and procedures of each of the FIs that will be responsible for subproject financing. When,in the assessment of the Bank, no resettlement is envisaged in the subprojects to be financed by theFl, a resettlement policy framework is not required. Instead, the legal agreements specify theobligation of the FIs to obtain from the potential subborrowers a resettlement plan consistent withthis policy if a subproject gives rise to resettlement. For all subprojects involving resettlement, theresettlement plan is provided to the Bank for approval before the subproject is accepted for Bankfinancing.

28. For other Bank-assisted project with multiple subprojects2-6 that may involve involuntaryresettlement, the Bank requires that a draft resettlement plan conforming to this policy be submittedto the Bank before appraisal of the project unless, because of the nature and design of the project orof a specific subproject or subprojects (a) the zone of impact of subprojects cannot be determined,or (b) the zone of impact is known but precise sitting alignments cannot be determined. In suchcases, the borrower submits a resettlement policy framework consistent with this policy prior toappraisal (see Annex A, paras. 23-25). For other subprojects that do not fall within the abovecriteria, a resettlement plan conforming to this policy is required prior to appraisal.

29. For each subproject included in a project described in paras. 26, 27, or 28 that may involveresettlement, the Bank requires that a satisfactory resettlement plan or an abbreviated resettlementplan that is consistent with the provisions of the policy framework be submitted to the Bank forapproval before the subproject is accepted for Bank financing.

30. For projects described in paras. 26-28 above, the Bank may agree, in writing, that subprojectresettlement plans may be approved by the project implementing agency or a responsiblegovernment agency or financial intermediary without prior Bank review, if that agency hasdemonstrated adequate institutional capacity to review resettlement plans and ensure theirconsistency with this policy. Any such delegation, and appropriate remedies for the entity's

subject to ex post review by the Bank.

Process Framework

31. For projects involving restriction of access in accordance with para. 3(b) above, the borrowerprovides the Bank with a draft process framework that conforms to the relevant provisions of thispolicy as a condition of appraisal. In addition, during project implementation and before toenforcing of the restriction, the borrower prepares a plan of action, acceptable to the Bank,describing the specific measures to be undertaken to assist the displaced persons and thearrangements for their implementation. The plan of action could take the form of a natural resourcesmanagement plan prepared for the project.

Assistance to the Borrower

32. In furtherance of the objectives of this policy, the Bank may at a borrower's request support theborrower and other concerned entities by providing

(a) assistance to assess and strengthen resettlement policies, strategies, legalframeworks, and specific plans at a country, regional, or sectoral level;

(b) financing of technical assistance to strengthen the capacities of agencies responsiblefor resettlement, or of affected people to participate more effectively in resettlementoperations;

(c) financing of technical assistance for developing resettlement policies, strategies, andspecific plans, and for implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of resettlementactivities; and

(d) financing of the investment costs of resettlement.

33. The Bank may finance either a component of the main investment causing displacement andrequiring resettlement, or a free-standing resettlement project with appropriate cross-conditionalities, processed and implemented in parallel with the investment that causes thedisplacement. The Bank may finance resettlement even though it is not financing the maininvestment that makes resettlement necessary.

1. "Bank" includes IBRD and IDA; "loans" includes IDA credits and IDA grants, guarantees, Project PreparationFacility (PPF) advances and grants; and "projects" includes projects under (a) adaptable program lending; (b) learningand innovation loans; (c) PPFs and Institutional Development Funds (IDFs), if they include investment activities; (d)grants under the Global Environment Facility and Montreal Protocol, for which the Bank is the implementing/executingagency; and (e) grants or loans provided by other donors that are administered by the Bank. The term "project" does notinclude programs under development policy lending operations. "Borrower" also includes, wherever the contextrequires, the guarantor or the project implementing agency.2. In devising approaches to resettlement in Bank-assisted projects, other Bank policies should be taken into account, asrelevant. These policies include OP 4.01, Environmental Assessment, OP 4.04, Natural Habitats, OP 4. 10, IndigenousPeoples, and QPA4.1 1 Physical Cultural Resources.3. The term "displaced persons" refers to persons who are affected in any of the ways described in para. 3 of this OP.4. Displaced persons under para. 3(b) should be assisted in their efforts to improve or restore their livelihoods in amanner that maintains the sustainability of the parks and protected areas.5. Where there are adverse indirect social or economic impacts, it is good practice for the borrower to undertake a socialassessment and implement measures to minimize and mitigate adverse economic and social impacts, particularly uponpoor and vulnerable groups. Other environmental, social, and economic impacts that do not result from land taking maybe identified and addressed through environmental assessments and other project reports and instruments.6. This policy does not apply to restrictions of access to natural resources under community-based projects, i.e. wherethe community using the resources decides to restrict access to these resources. Drovided that an assessment satisfactorv

Assistance).7. For purposes of this policy, "involuntary" means actions that may be taken without the displaced person's informed

consent or power of choice.8. "Land" includes anything growing on or pernanently affixed to land, such as buildings and crops. This policy does

not apply to regulations of natural resources on a national or regional level to promote their sustainability, such aswatershed management, groundwater management, fisheries management, etc. The policy also does not apply todisputes between private parties in land titling projects, although it is good practice for the borrower to undertake asocial assessment and implement measures to minimize and mitigate adverse social impacts, especially those affecting

poor and vulnerable groups.9. For the purposes of this policy, involuntary restriction of access covers restrictions on the use of resources imposed

on people living outside the park or protected area, or on those who continue living inside the park or protected area

during and after project implementation. In cases where new parks and protected areas are created as part of the project,

persons who lose shelter, land, or other assets are covered under para. 3(a). Persons who lose shelter in existing parks

and protected areas are also covered under para. 3(a).10. The Involuntary Resettlement Sourcebook provides good practice guidance to staff on the policy.11. "Replacement cost" is the method of valuation of assets that helps determine the amount sufficient to replace lost

assets and cover transaction costs. In applying this method of valuation, depreciation of structures and assets should not

be taken into account (for a detailed definition of replacement cost, see Annex A, footnote 1). For losses that cannot

easily be valued or compensated for in monetary terms (e.g., access to public services, customers, and suppliers; or to

fishing, grazing, or forest areas), attempts are made to establish access to equivalent and culturally acceptable resources

and earning opportunities. Where domestic law does not meet the standard of compensation at full replacement cost,

compensation under domestic law is supplemented by additional measures necessary to meet the replacement cost

standard. Such additional assistance is distinct from resettlement assistance to be provided under other clauses of para.

6.12. If the residual of the asset being taken is not economically viable, compensation and other resettlement assistance

are provided as if the entire asset had been taken.13. The alternative assets are provided with adequate tenure arrangements. The cost of alternative residential housing,

housing sites, business premises, and agricultural sites to be provided can be set off against all or part of the

compensation payable for the corresponding asset lost.14. Such support could take the form of short-term jobs, subsistence support, salary maintenance or similararrangements15. See OP / BP 4.10, Indigenous Peoples.16. See OP 4.04, Natural Habitats.17. As a general principle, this applies if the land taken constitutes less than 20% of the total productive area.18. Paras. 13-15 do not apply to impacts covered under para. 3(b) of this policy. The eligibility criteria for displacedpersons under 3 (b) are covered under the process framework (see paras. 7 and 30).19. Such claims could be derived from adverse possession, from continued possession of public lands withoutgovernment action for eviction (that is, with the implicit leave of the government), or from customary and traditionallaw and usage, and so on.20. Resettlement assistance may consist of land, other assets, cash, employment, and so on, as appropriate.2 1. Normally, this cut-off date is the date the census begins. The cut-off date could also be the date the project area was

delineated, prior to the census, provided that there has been an effective public dissemination of information on the area

delineated, and systematic and continuous dissemination subsequent to the delineation to prevent further populationinflux.22. For projects that are highly risky or contentious, or that involve significant and complex resettlement activities, the

borrower should normally engage an advisory panel of independent, internationally recognized resettlement specialists

to advise on all aspects of the project relevant to the resettlement activities. The size, role, and frequency of meeting

depend on the complexity of the resettlement. If independent technical advisory panels are established under OP 4.01,

Environmental Assessment, the resettlement panel may form part of the environmental panel of experts.

See The World Bank Policy on Disclosure of Information, para. 34, (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2002).

24. An exception to this requirement may be made in highly unusual circumstances (such as emergency recovery

operations) with the approval of Bank Management (see BP 4.12, para. 8). In such cases, the Management's approval

stipulates a timetable and budget for developing the resettlement plan.25. Impacts are considered "minor" if the affected people are not physically displaced and less than 10% of their

productive assets are lost.26. For purpose of this paragraph, the term "subprojects" includes components and subcomponents.

GO N DAR - DEBARK KOCKS\ ROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

APPENDIX 3

Orcanisations and Individuals contacted during the sociological Field Surveys

Name Organisation

Ato Zelalem Feseha ERA, Manager District Engineering Division (DED)Ato Shumeye Abuhay Gondar Town City Services Manager

m Ato Azanaw Asmamaw Surveyor, Gondar Municipalityn Ato Teferi Zeleke ERA, Manager District Road Maintenance Contractor (DRMC)c Ato Mandefro ERA, District Engineering Division (DED)w Agegnehu Gebreyesus Gondar Chamber of Commerce, Members Affairs Department

HeadAto Mamo Getahun Architect/Restorer, Amhara Region Tourism Commission

Ato Gizat Abyou Woreda Administrator* Ato Yared Sahile Woreda Administration Office Head.oEME Ato Baggew Tezera Public Relation Councilorw Ato Tadiwes Asrat Head of Municipality

Ato Marie Alem Agriculture Office

Ato Muhabaw Alene Woreda Administration Office HeadAto ZelalemLiyew Dabat Woreda Rural Development Office Head

9 W/t Etagegnehu Surveyor, Dabat Municipalitya Ato Derege Deressa Dabat Health Center Head

Ato Yalew Meseret Dabat Health Centere Sanitarian

Ato Amsalu Amare Woreda Administration HeadAto Hunelin Belay Woreda AdministratorAto Semachiw Haile Office Head, Woleda AdministrativeAto Maye Yeshaw Kebele Administration, HeadAto Amsal Amare Administration OfficerAto Sisay Fekadu Municipality Planning DepartmentAto Tesfa Detew Surveyor

m Ato Negussie Tsegaye SMNP Park WardenAto Mekonnen Alemie Public Agency

a Ato Seid Abdella Public AgencyAto Ayelign Kibiret Public RepresentativeAto Mulugeta Derso Public RepresentativeAto Assefa Demeke Public RepresentativeAto Yohannes Biruk Head of Debark Woreda Rural Development OfficeAto Zewdu Mekonene Manager Simen Park HotelSister Lete Negussie Debark District Hospital

o Ato Wagaw Hailu Amhara Region Tourism CommissionAto Tilaye Bitew Amhara Region Bureau of Finance and Economic Development

, Ato Girma Tesfaye Amhara Region Bureau of Finance and Economic DevelopmentEu

GO N DAR - DE BARK KUCKS E>

R O AD PR O JE CT N GE N I E U E

APPENDIX 4

Minutes of Town Meeting on 27 January 2005with the Gondar Municipality (Gondar Town City Services)

concerning the Gondar - Debark Road Project

Introduction to the ProjectThe Consultant (Kocks Consult GmbH of Koblenz/Germany & Metaferia Consulting EngineersP.L.C. of Addis Ababa/Ethiopia) gave an introduction to the Gondar - Debark Road Projectproposed/planned by the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) on behalf of the Government of theFederal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) with financial assistance of the InternationalDevelopment Association (The World Bank).

The information on the objectives of the proposed/planned road project comprised generaldetails on:* Alignment improvements and realignments;* Bituminous surfacing of the new road;* Provision of traffic safety measures;* Possible impacts on public/social facilities and housing units in the towns and villages

located along the Project;* Land take including removal of houses (resettlement) and land compensation procedures

according to the constitution of the FDRE and applicable proclamations;* Etc.

Particular Considerations for Gondar TownThe Consultant informed about the recommended/determined project starting point to be atthe Martyrs Square in Gondar and the proposed/planned special road cross section for thetown section providing an about 2m wide kerbed walkway for the great number of pedestriansincluding students from the high school located at the outskirts of the Town. With regards tothe high volume of pedestrian traffic coming to/going from Gondar on the road up to Welekavillage (Humera junction) it is also proposed/planned to have a 2m wide surfaced shoulder forthis about 2.9km long section of the Project Road.

Information of the Gondar MunicipalityThe Gondar Town City Services Manager is welcoming the proposed Project, which willcontribute to further development of the Town by the improved road access. For reference theGondar Town Development Masterplan was presented, which already shows the improvementand widening of the road section from the Martyrs Square to the northern outskirts of theTown. For the removal and relocation of the affected houses the Municipality has alreadyallocated an adequate area and will assist in the resettlement process.

Discussion on Benefit Enhancement Measures. The proposed/planned road improvement measures, i.e. widened road and pedestrian

walkways, will considerably improve the congested and dangerous situation on theconcerned road section.

* Along the first about lOOm from the Martyrs Square are about 23 kiosks, which wereerected with the assistance of the Gondar municipality. Since the income from those kiosksis the main basis of the livelihood of the users the Municipality expressed the requirementto maintain those as far as possible. The Consultant confirmed that great care will be takenduring the detail design phase to retain the kiosks.

* For the improvement of the road the Municipality was asking to include also the extensionof the street lighting up to the junction of the access road to the Goha Hotel, which will beconsidered by the Consultant in the detail design phase.

Participants of the MeetingAto Shumeye Abuhay Gondar Town City Services ManagerAto Zelalem Feseha ERA, Manager District Engineering Division (DED)Ato Azanaw Asmamaw Surveyor, Gondar MunicipalityUlrich Willems Project Team Leader (Kocks)Million Gebreves Socioloaist (Metaferia)

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Minutes of Town Meeting on 27 January 2005with the Woreda and Municipality Administration in Amba Georgis



The information on the objectives of the proposed/planned road project comprised generaldetails on:* Alignment improvements and realignments;* Bituminous surfacing of the new road;* Provision of traffic safety measures;. Possible impacts on public/social facilities and housing units in the towns and villages



Particular Considerations for the Amba Georgis Woreda and the TownThe Consultant informed about the eligibility for compensation and that any claim is subject toa cut off date set with the completion of the socio economic survey and the inventory ofproperties respectively beyond which no claim should be entertained for compensation.

The Consultant explained that as far as possible compensation/replacement of permanentlylost land will be provided by a reinstated/recultivated area of an abandoned section of theexisting road in realignments. These areas will become available upon completion of theconstruction of the new road and the reinstatement/recultivation of abandoned road sections inrealignments will be part of the bill of quantities and the construction contract respectively.

Information of the Amba Georgis Woreda and Municipality AdministrationThe Woreda Administrator is welcoming the proposed Project, for which they were waiting solong and it will contribute to the development of the Town and an improvement of trade by theimproved road access to Gondar and the Country's road network. The Head of the Municipalityagreed with the comments of the Woreda Administrator and added that the planned Project isexpected to improve the living conditions in the Town in general.

The Municipality presented a Town Development Masterplan, which shows for the townpassage a typical cross section with a four lane dual carriageway. It was discussed not toconsider a four lane dual carriageway since the required construction width of more than 20mwould require the removal of the first row of along nearly the entire town passage.

The official stated that they are ready to assist and support in all respects the proposedProject, particularly for the land compensation process.

Discussion on Benefit Enhancement Measures* The proposed/planned road improvement measures will also include an appropriate

drainage system (e.g. lined ditches) as well as lay-bys and bus stop areas.* The officials were asking whether improvement of access roads is also part of the Project.

The Consultant advised that access roads/streets or portions thereof leading to importantsocial facilities (e.g. schools, health clinics, markets) will be investigated and determinedfor improvement.

Participants of the MeetingAto Gizat Abyou Amba Georgis Woreda AdministratorAto Yared Sahile Amba Georgis Woreda Administration Office HeadAto Baggew Tezera Public Relation CouncilorAto Tadiwes Asrat Head of Amba Georgis MunicipalityUlrich Willems Project Team Leader (Kocks)Million Gebreyes Sociologist (Metaferia)Gerd Betzinger Environmentalist (Kocks)

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"A14 i

G O N D A R - D E B A RK KOCKS. ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

Minutes of Town Meeting on 26 January 2005with the Woreda Administration in Dabat



The information on the objectives of the proposed/planned road project comprised generaldetails on:* Alignment improvements and realignments;* Bituminous surfacing of the new road;* Provision of traffic safety measures;. Possible impacts on public/social facilities and housing units in the towns and villages



Particular Considerations for the Dabat Woreda and the TownThe Consultant informed about the eligibility for compensation and that any claim is subject toa cut off date set with the completion of the socio economic survey and the inventory ofproperties respectively beyond which no claim should be entertained for compensation.


Information of the Dabat Woreda AdministrationThe Woreda official is welcoming the proposed Project, which will be an important measure toimprove the living condition in the area and the development of the Town as well. The Woredaadministration is ready to assist and support in all respects the proposed Project, particularlyfor the land compensation process.

Discussion on Benefit Enhancement Measures* The proposed/planned road improvement measures will also include an appropriate

drainage system (e.g. lined ditches) as well as lay-bys and bus stop areas.* The official asked whether improvement of the access roads to the market area could be

integrated in the Project. The Consultant informed that the access road/street to themarket being an important social facility will be considered in the detailed designs.

* For the improvement of the road the official was asking to include also an extension of thestreet lighting system up to the end of the town passage, i.e. up to the school after theBassilikos bridge. The Consultant will consider this in the detail design phase.

Participants of the MeetingAto Muhabaw Alene Woreda Administration Office HeadUlrich Willems Project Team Leader (Kocks)Million Gebreyes Sociologist (Metaferia)Gerd Betzinger Environmentalist (Kocks)

GONDAR - DEB ARK KOCKS +, R ROAD PROJ ECT I N G E N I E U R E

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GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS ,t ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

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4 , .K.

!F;) GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS >\@ ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

Minutes of Town Meeting on 26 January 2005with the Woreda Administration in Debark



The information on the objectives of the proposed/planned road project comprised generaldetails on:* Alignment improvements and realignments;* Bituminous surfacing of the new road;* Provision of traffic safety measures;* Possible impacts on public/social facilities and housing units in the towns and villages

located along the Project;. Land take including removal of houses (resettlement) and land compensation procedures


Particular Considerations for the Debark Woreda and the TownThe Consultant informed about the eligibility for compensation and that any claim is subject toa cut off date set with the completion of the socio economic survey and the inventory ofproperties respectively beyond which no claim should be entertained for compensation.


Information of the Debark Woreda AdministrationThe official and public representatives are welcoming the proposed Project, which will be animportant measure to improve the living condition in the area and the development of theTown with particular view to the tourist industry that will generate employment opportunities.The Woreda administration is ready to assist and support in all respects the proposed Project,particularly for the land compensation process.

Discussion on Benefit Enhancement Measures. The proposed/planned road improvement measures will also include an appropriate

drainage system (e.g. lined ditches) as well as lay-bys and bus stop areas.* The official asked whether improvement of the access roads to the market area and a

cultural centre could be integrated in the Project. The Consultant informed that the accessroad/street to the market being an important social facility will be considered in thedetailed designs.

* For the improvement of the road the officials were asking to include also some extension ofthe street lighting system up to the begin/end of the town passage. The Consultant willconsider this in the detail design phase.

Participants of the MeetingAto Amsalu Amare Woreda Administration HeadAto Hunelin Belay Woreda AdministratorAto Semachiw Haile Office Head, Woleda Administrative

GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS ,\J ROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

Ato Maye Yeshaw Kebele Administration, HeadAto Amsal Amare Administration OfficerAto Sisay Fekadu Municipality Planning DepartmentAto Tesfa Detew SurveyorAto Negussie Tsegaye SMNP Park WardenAto Mekonnen Alemie Public AgencyAto Seid Abdella Public AgencyAto Ayelign Kibiret Public RepresentativeAto Mulugeta Derso Public RepresentativeAto Assefa Demeke Public RepresentativeUlrich Willems Project Team Leader (Kocks)Million Gebreyes Sociologist (Metaferia)Gerd Betzinger Environmentalist (Kocks)

GONDAR - DEBARK KDCKS >ROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

APPENDIX 5

Yields and Prices for Cost Estimation of Comrensation

Table A: Yield and local Farm Gate Prices for Crops along the Project Road (March 2006)

Yield (qt/ha) Price (Birr/qt)Crops Amba Dabat Debark Amba Dabat Debark

Georgis GeorgisBarely 15 14 12 210 280 270Wheat 16.5 16 15 250 280 240Beans 18 16 15 250 280 250Peas 18 8 8 270 266 270Teff 10.5 10 7 280 315 330Lentil 4 4 5 350 350 350Sorghum 22 10 10 160 165 160Maize 15 15 12 160 160 180

Table B: House Types and Estimate Prices along the Project Road (March 20061

Gondar - Amba Georgis Dabat &House Type, House Area Weleka Debark

Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural UrbanGrass/Thatch Roof, 1,500 -- 1,500 -- 1,500 --< 60 m2 E1B/unit ETB/unit: ETB/unit:Grass/Thatch Roof, 2,000 : -- 1,800 -- 1,800 --> 60 m2 ErB/unit: ETB/unit ETB/unit--------------------------------------------- I------------------------ L-----------Corrugated Iron Sheet Roof, 400 450 350 : 400 350 400"standard house" ETB/m 2 ETB/m 2 ETB/m 2 : ETB/m 2 ETB/m 2 : ETB/m 2

------- ------------- ------------ ----------

Corrugated Iron Sheet Roof,hollow block construction, 850 950 800 : 900 800 900with electric power supply, ETB/m 2 ETB/m2 ETB/m2' ETB/m2 ETB/m 2 : ETB/m 2

own toilette, etc.

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GO0N DAR- D EBARK ROA D P ROJ ECT

Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Item LadUe Nm)Land Use in 2006,No. LadUe Nm)Type of StructureL161 Aduina Niguse Ln

L1Tai MertLand

L164Chek!e.LgeseLand.... ............... Kebela Eu c"al y pt us Tr"ee..................................Li6Ferede.Aba y .................. aP!.y.pt Te

Li6 hiopia Berhun Eucalyptus Tree

............... Pl1a w.shaire Euca!yptsTe

................. Berenet m Enwew.................Eucaly.ptsT eL 5 M .!.. o. . . . . ..~..yptus. Tree ...............................

Li6Brtukan Asefa Land

L11 Gondar Educa Media EucalyptsTeL8Gim ija Derbew Land

................ Keniwe Tefare Land....................... W erta Me ngist .............. LandL16Gashaw Deresa EucalyptsTe

Li87Yese DebewEucalyptus TreeL18Malede Derbew Eclpus Tree

L8Aanaw.Derso cal se..........L190 ! ..o ucai'...sTre................

..... Habite............ Mu .......un ........ Eucalyptus Tree

Li8 sea heo Land

u20 Lees Welelae LandL2 seat Chekoan Eucalyptus TreeLK2 amsse Kaedee Eucalyptus Tree

A2Dsief Mhekont TEuc andtuTe

Lite2LtoseLEucanotusused.... K........ bede....... ...... M olk oan ......... e................................Land................................ Public......... L and.............................. ............................Land.......................... M.........ese...... .. A sefa......................... ..............e.................. L and..................

e227Mihrt Dollu Eucalyptus Tree...L2 ........... D am itew A.......................em u.... .....Land........L229 Maru e-~"e.................. Alemu uC~a!.puT

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puei JJal leala !saia:)V 86E1.... ............................................................- 6

puei qaweD j 3 S60l

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..............I.............................. .................. N O



Item LadUe Nm)Land Use in 2006,No. LadUe Nm)Type of StructureL416 Solomon Ad ugna Teff Land

L1Endeshaw Amide BarleyL48Emixu Tesfahun Bare

L40 eg St Teff LandL42 AyanehAdugna Eualvptus Tree

L42Yohans Tiua Maize Land

L423Yalga AebeTeff Land................. A e !9n.R 1 9t .......e ............ Teff. Land .....................................

L48Ta-kele Tikela Eucalyptus TreeL9Aschalew Belete Maize Land

L3Endeshaw Molla LandL42Ssa pthn Teff Land

........... 3......... A~yito Alemaw EucalyptsTe

L46 ola ohn Eucalyptus TreeL437 eles Aweke ........... 'E u c"alyp" tus Tree...................................L438 Gebive Amet Teff Land

L49Mihret Zeleke Maize LANDL40 ola sehw Land

L4 isayAbebe EucalyptsTeL43Amare Envyew Eucalyptus Tree

L4......~us.Melle Land145Amaxe Envyew Brle

0L4 ol Mle Ba leyL447.................. ucalvptus Tree..........L448.. ............ Aschalew Ab uhay Eucal........... ~!~yptsTe

~49Yitilaw Demisie Eucalyptus TreeL50 Alemayehu Getahun LandLWl .... ................................................. t ... ............J* ~ g n..........~y~ sIe .................................

.. .................. ..................~e ~ .... ....~ O Y. M yptMs . ............................................L.4~3 EheteKebeeweEucalyptus Tree

L45 Haile Be lay Teff LandL5 engiste.!Moc.es.....House

.... Eshetu........Be. ryhun Land......................e.e.Eu c"alyp"v tus Tr"ee..................................

... .............. i at AeGizat.............A..lem"I v bt " .. T re .........................................L40Worke Terefe Land

43Endalew Abexa Eucalyptus Tree... .............. .... ...............................................................ps I~ ........................................L4d ndalek Meles Eucalyptus Tree

L46AEndalek Melese Eucalyptus Tree..6 ............o . Azage......Ar.........EucalyptsT eL48 ~ ~ . . . . . . ..................................................

chilo zaaee Araae Eucalyptus Tree. .. ........... .. ..... .................9........................Ejg..............!p sm .......................................L71AlmuTeen Eucalyptus Tree

............... .......2~Y~...........~ .............. ......... .I re......................................................Ze3 lemkel Ay Eucalyptus Tree.................. Masesh MceEucalyptus Tree

Al47 Mm HueeaEucalyptus TreeL472 MBaelav Teuene EucalyptsTe

L7Awk Abebe~y Eucalyptus Tree

.............................................................. ..........................

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.............. .................. ...... .... .... ......................................... g5~d ii)l t4s Uqat4 auep.

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GO0N DAR- D EBA RK ROA D P ROJ ECT


Item Land User (N m)Land Use in 2006,No. (Nm)Type of StructureL540 Abitew Welde Eucalyptus Tree

[543Fena Aitew Eucalyptus Tree

L55 zan'awAI Ale'ne................. Euc"alyptus Tree

...8 .................. Tse....... ... ................ Eucalyptus............Tree...

...............5...4...................................... .................................................L50Chilot Kinde Eucalyptus af~ Tree ...............................[551 Endale Mengistu Land

[554 Abate............. ....a............Barle~y

[56 M egiiw W sea.M!y.u.I..........................e..............................561 End..a.....Me..n....tu E....calyptus.......... Tree ................................562 ............................... .ko E ucalyptus.............. T ree...................................................

[57MeeeBeeeEucalyptus Tree

[570Gashw EseteEucalyptus Tree

ca[574..........................................................[5 . .. ............. ................. Sh n or e keE chool .............................Eu...........

Yp6A l m ..........ate...... .......... T ree.........................................

257 Ebhee Waceiwe Eucalyptus Tree

[583KAbetuMekonen Eucalyptus Tree

.5~ ..... u.........u..!qte ChMole EucalyptsTe

- L9orKkut Merse Teff Land

E[598. ....................... Y ............................

[69*oAreu Asefum Lefand1 . ... ................ anaw Afeworkn [efand...... ..... ............................ ............. ....... ........ ...................... .. .. ....... .....

aa.~ii sndAxinowHjejs Z9

.... n.d...........iwsv.eqqn.6.9aaj.] snd4~ Po j ope 991

.wj aleA o 6~~g sasseSS9

5aij sn lAonj e6s npnmIZ £S91

~~ij snfdABe5e s sis 8'9.... s. dA....I.....ltflNL479

......................................... ja srnldA le,"),, . ................... ............. ............

55ij snld~e flem aial~J SUt4OaewV 6t'91

.S 0t;791

.............................. i*6liN am7£91j...................... .......... A.................................... ..... E£9

...................61.HU6i ....................... i6iav.MaUnZV 0£9

puel eqeqD)JaaV sMuI 540A 8E91

eb1s 6191puel JpI

puelga NJJM~O laqnM 81E91

pue1jjS a>A!Wo I £191

puel fl IOW~I al 0191............................................................/~ e ................. ................ 6091...

pNi ze-j au - Ae399

pjsrdAenj q V t'011 891.......................................... .............................. £ 0 9 1 z §

~. -

........... n..................... .................................. ...........'907.U!jSlpU1 D eN 9s pe

.................... (sd........d )......S...U....SJ........ . P.................. pB (O JdS5 4........... ..

........................ 9............C O............J d i j y ............ ) ......................................N O ...D...



Item Land User (N m )Land Use in 2006,No. (Nm )Type of StructureL664 Mulu Kass Land

L65Abuha YWor LandL666 Asm are Alem u LEa nd ...............................................L6 smare Alemu LandL6 FrdeAmare Land

Zeme Desie E .............. tu calyvp"t usT Tree..................................Lt6.70 Gebire Abera Eucalyptus Tree

L61Maru Tegegine Eucalyptus Tree

L674 humyeDebeEucalyptus Tree

[65 Birhan Asmare Barley

.... .............. Achene Kass E u c"ayI"vptus Tree168Wsse Tesema Land

L8......ajhn.eie Teff LandL61 Wasse Gete Land

Ln...........................e T e.. L and...........................................A i...i.... Tesema Teff Land

i n kDayei.ale Land85Asfaw Adane T............. f~f La'nd..........................................L86 Workve GeteEuaytsTe

Amare Dube Teff Land

6 GeeBarley....1 ............... Fenta Tilunei.............. 'Eu"calyptus Tree

.... Ac............Xhenafl Kass EucalyptsTe*i94Wsse Tesema Eucalyptus Tree

L66Tsema B iquneh EucalyptsTeL67 Aragaw Tesema Eucalyptus Tree

L~9Wasse Tesema Eucalyptus TreeL7*Maru Fet ucalyptsTe

L0 esie Tesema EucalyptsTeL0 Dse Tesama Eucalyptus Tree

k704 ihret" Ti:r,fe Eucalyptus Tree

L0 elatew Meleca Eucalyptus Tree

L0 eletew Meleca Eucalyptus Tree79Berhune Cenedeka Maize LAND

bebe Feneti Eucalyptus Tree- 71 Abebe Cenedeka Land

NiqusJbee Webeneh Land7 3.......................N~. Rfk .W ubneh............Land......

DY§ ... Abebe............. S~~'endee E"ucalyptus Tree76 Birhanu Sendeke Eucalyptus Tree

................e....Eucalyptus TreeD Y .. ................... Tik Belay ..................... Eucal!yptsT eZ19Abite Abuhay Eucalyptus Tree

L2OAdane Tegecgne Eucalyptus Tree~Z1 eg Mihret EucalyptsTe172Berhune Senedeka EucalyptsTe

Z....... ................ Ni us Mersha EucalyptsT eL72*4 Gedamu Malede EucalyptusR!~ Tree ...............................Z.Teie Leciese Eucalyptus Tree

.......... ......... ...................... ....&j ..................... ............. ........ A ep g . . e................

.................................. 56j. .............. AW O iS5 I 2bii1 jii i nii ...................... ..

......................... ................ ....................

puej ~j4a .........I .............. ....z z................................... p.....l.JJ.....~66 .XM.~iigZV...........................I...... ........ u .................... 5i l~ - U6 Y ! .............. L.... .

p u ej J:.....................- ....... ....................... ..................... ....... puj-gi d 0ij ................. -,w 6 pIV ............. . L~...Z

pue ..........................

puej J1 MS!WUON M4JSv Laue I.~ .66~ ...... ................. l...

........................................................... 0 .. .......... sq ~ jL

p I g Wu5~A ~~ ~ l

pui.jfX ln atsaJaW nwO)IIv OLLl............................................ i ............... U fq.... ... ............. ... q .......... ..... ............

0ndjn ejxsv s69L.

........................... puel ji 6§z5~

P.. . . . .~uelM l aa..... ........ . "2... L..............................................I............... I I.........S............

puel 4i ~ J.J1~qa6E1

puel meqsE) aewJP 9/I1L................ i j ........... 9 .. ...............

........................ I.......... ......... A Ae qnqjgi -,§SiW!W05H .UO~ ...........

.. ...... ............................. .......... ......... £q. iZ6W f

................... ..................... ................... 6 ±~ . Ae6:i~ q g j............... .. ~4f ~...................... ................... ............. .. ............. ...... .... lz

6;jj~ dj6 iju~4§64j M u4 .........

............... .............. 5 f sj)f ~a eqv aSSeqV~L

'~5Jn................. and................ ......... ........................ p U -§ii x ........... ................. i.. ..

........................................................ I...... .................... V I3 i i .......O......

pue-1O4ad ................... V8 YG-HiV ..............O .. tS ..



Item Lad User (Nm)Land Use in 2006,No. (Nm)Type of StructureL784 Gemitew Gedilu Land

L75Ares Wenyrw Land

L76 erdeBeace LandL7 8Muhabaw Abera Sto............ 6 n"e Fe"nce.......................................

..... .................Eshet Desie Stone Fence

L73Amamaw Tareke ne Land

L795 oges !~muTeff LandL796 . M ebirat........ e Chanene Land .....................................................

L77 Bnchayh AemLand-,L78...... .Te...M~Earia Land

DL79 Ale AunaStone Fence...0 . ................. agw . A- bera Land.......... ......................................................

L80. hore a gqffic Land

... .............. i Muabaw. Ae rat Land

ML nasresab Dayna LuandtuTe09 81 Puliaanndy~Ir

uhab5Seaw Aberu Maiz Lad

D§f .. ...................... .........................i.C !nk L nd

~2......................SisamrtZaek e Teff... Land

P85 ubli Tafer Eucalyp)tus Tree

L815Sea Muluelay Teize Land

..8....B.l..y......a.. Te.. Land

L82Adds Beefa Land

203 Akelew Tafere TeucalytudTe

L841 Due Tafer Eucalyp)tus Tree

u83bore Taere Eucalyp)tus Tree4Kamsue Taferu Eucalvptus Tree.... A deneku.............. A beba......................... B arley.. ...............................................

puel Ass56

Puel a)eiuv e2sVs S061

pu n~Aen eaiewv melsv Z061................ ................... ........................... 0 0 6 1

~i rdioij ~ We 510V6iOLqtj 66............ 1 .......................................... . ..................... n................... .. 6 8 1i~

puel JJe jweiP a2u a4a £681

pue-I ~ in oE)I muewV S681

pu n~Ae,n aWqv4 auLIep g T6881

aa.s4~ ni nwep~±aEw ap£e881

~a.s~Aen5~ .WP~ 4aqE)881.............................................. ti.......81

pue 4ai .. ±8

....................... ..... !6 Z §1

aais~Ae uaIV aqV L-L81

ng n~Ae allaMle_Z meuez SL81

.................................................. I lag 6981pueWi.6 i . ............ WF O .i u .................... t §....................................... 65 n~ii dA(6je .................. 5§~;55T Uihw 8981.. ... ... f

.......................................... ............. ..................... 9 81....

puel 4iuWaa3 L8

(ONVI.azieW sappe.L e2LnqV £981p'iel jj-L AeJsai.eqaqV Z981

pue1 aieqv aqnai 8S81

..... I........................................................... . ................. 581pue-ipue'1 meqeqaL4s aqselppV £581puel aqq 9>lmv Z581puel saIaW eueu:i 1581puel ai4e MalI)lv 0581

PUel aOqSa i e a~N 6t'81

( NI 9ieW L5jij.. 2. 181

wnfpfnjIS jo adAj. auN anpe 'ON'9ooz ulas puej ISlPR walu

(SdVd) SUOSJB9d PBIP)OUV P'8rOid

I D JfO 'dd G VO0"d>I~ )4V 9QCl-'dV G NOD E



Item Land User (N m)Land Use in 2006,No. (Nm )Type of StructureL[908 Yalew Fentahun Brley

L1*Amamaw Taye Teff LandL1 irdaw Melese Eucalyp)tus Tree

L1 ubtBhru Eucalyp)tus TreeL94 Wubet Beharu EucalyptsTe............ [1 emerete Alebache-w............ Teff Land

..................................... .........................................e.................Barle.................................. .1 .... oshu.......... Mq~ engistu Teff Land

KL1 . . . . . . igin.Y'g a Teff............ Land ........................................19 Goshu M engist Teff Land. . . . . . . . . . . 2 ... .. asha........Mu..lawii Barley.......... f~......................................................................... ?.1.! .. . .......... ......................... i da!Tff y Land ........................................................ [2 etu Weta.:rqy Teff Land

G..........L2.....megune. tako TffR' L"and................................................................................................9 2.......Koku.........Kasahun...............e.........Land.....

......................................Z....eke...Ayana........arley............................. 926.Yismaw Asefa Ba.................rle

L927 sfaw beraTeff Land............................. 2........g..esT f L and .......................................... ... . . ............. A.. ..............a.... .............. L and...................................................

933 Esilam TideLandL93 Zemt BeeneLand

....6 ............ St.M icael C h. Land ...............................................[3 mba iwe. High School LandL98 Mezemer Merhatsadik Land.... Z ew udu.........A..kI..........i ..................u..................Land......I..........................

L44 Wesen Ayseyide Fence

...~. ........................ y.,.M.er !~!Q .su ............ Fence

L4 smare Achenef Land... ........... Des~j ie Birara Land

[5 atuma Ali Land....5 ..................... i..... ........................ L and.......................................................

L955 Zena Gonete Land

[6 iaun en HousenL9~ ............ ...... gn Il .Fekede"'ll "'l "Il "' l andl Il, "Il Il Il "'l Il 'l .........[62 Tabdun Hassen House

....3 Zewudu............B....aye.......House![64Alm . ehmed House

96Lemlem Aem EucalyptsTe

...........9 ................ Solom on Eshetu lLand...............................................

GO0N DOAR- D EBARK ROAD P ROJ ECT


Item LadUe Nm)Land Use in 2006,No. LadUe Nm)Type of Structure

L970 Gebire Teshome Teff Land

L7Asnakew Kifle LandL973Ambw AsebrEucalyptus Tree

L95Nega Achenef Eucalyp)tus TreeL96Bere Alem- Land

L7WuuMknen HouseL7GereDesie House

.... G............... ebire Desie House

L8M sqanaw Asefa Teff Land

L986 Shumv~e Alene Land

L98Gmata Tra LandL9 9Asme Asnakew Teff L'a nd..........................................

L91Teqen Getahun Eucalyp)tus TreeL92Aarech Melsew Teff Land

L94Aef AeuTeff Land

L95YewbeiiaDesale ne....Bar~y Ln

L997 Melis Ferede Teff Land

99Mkont Dube Teff LandLOOAefa Muche Eucalyp)tus Tree

L02 Takelu Damita Teff LandL103Aine. Ha'o Teff Land...0 G..............iedam Takele BarleL05Kss Enqida Eucalyptus Tree

L06 Sed Wn9s Station Eucalyp)tus TreeL07 Engidlaw Biquneh Euc I!VDtus TreeL08 Girmav Menciste Teff Land

L10 irku Mulat Barley...l .............. M aren W eretaw............................ Land.. ...............................................

Lil arena Weretaw Teff Land

L02 Mezemer Mekoant Barle~yL1 ebti-r- Desie TeffLand

L11 obee Geaw efLand

..01 a rew H-ail4u ........... Maize LAND

109Wratiwe Hailu Eucaly tus TreeL12.....Arega.Mekoant Teff LandL12 dis Melese Teff Land

L03esae Geese Teff LandL04sedale Gesese Teff LandL12 ndae Gese efLand

*1P7. .......... he.Tedal Teff Land

L1029 Atkl eoa Tff LandL13 kire WunhT 'f and........... ........ I........ K isade..... ..e...... e ................................Land.....................


_____Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Item LadUe N m)Land Use in 2006,No. LadUe Nm )Type of Structure

L1032 Mekonen Melese Teff Land

104Evavu.Bishaw Teff Land

L13 une Melikamu Teff Land..L.................. ail~ u M 'enber"u ......... T"e ff L"an..d..........................................

L13 ucy.assa Teff Land.. ................ ffC ilhakilco .................Deboca d..................Te...............Land..........L14 ade Waqawu Barley Ln[14 ol Geiru Teff Land

L43 Silu Kide Teff Land

L14 asave Gizaw Eucalyptus Treen e.Gesese......... yptus2Tree..........

L49Dres Melese Land

[15 enebe Adane Barley............. .. n . e e e . . . .Te ...........................Land..................

[1054 es "arieamAlemu................ E"u calyptsTe

..[...................... ....eg~ ........ EcypuTe...................~!p.~sTeL06Yeshibe Envyew Teff Land

L1§95 ................Mekoant Meaza Tef LandKasaw Asmamaw Barley

! .6 ..1 ............. ............e . .................... Eucalyptus Tree

L63Gtahun Zenebe EucalyptsTe

.. .......... nwBirke Teff Land

L67Mebrate Zenebe Teff LandL~8Tezera Daq new Teff Land[16 disu Melese E............ . .ucalyptsTe

.[07 Me osha Dube EaytsIe

L17 itew Chekol Eucalyptus Tree[17 asave Desie Eucalyptus Tree

L17 izazu Waka Eucalyptus TreeL 7Aemu Laew BarleyL17 olla Geiru Eucalyptus Tree

[17 smare Teshale Eucalyptus Tree

L 0 1 Gism e M ulachew Eucalyptus............. Tree................. ............................................. Jenber............. Z er hu .......... eff....................................Land..................................

- 18 ete Zerihun Teff Land

naw.Zerihun Teff Land[06Genetu Schenaf Teff Land

.. L.~ ezera Da gnaw Teff Land...8 M ihret............ ...e...a........ Land....

L01Worku Yehola ............... T'eff LandL92I Dres Azazhe ITeff Land

L1 9 elete Zenebe T ef-f La.nd...............................

GO NDA R-DE BARK ROAD P ROJ ECT


Item LadUe N m)Land Use in 2006,No. LadUe Nm )Type of Structure

L1094 Belete Zenebe BarieyL1095 Chakile.Seten Barle

.Adugna Yalew Teff Land

L15Bitew Chekol Teff Land1-1106 . ............... ..... T ie e o a ... Te........ L .and .........................................

.. ............I..... T ef e ............................... T eff.............................Land.....................

... E shete....................... ...A r .................. B arley...................................................

Lill Teaw AegaTeff Land

L1116 Gisme Muche Barle Land

Li11 raeAndarsle Barley LandL19Asefa Andarqe Teff Land

L1120Mull Gethun Teff Land

Li2... ..................Ft ... edn Tareff Land

L2.....Abebe Aee Teff Land..L .....1...........GG hos znhe.............B..iefzLa d........e.........T.................Land.........

L116 Tgab Beyfene LandL11 ............. Desaiegne Denekew EtUcalyp-'v 6tus Tr"ee..................................

L128Ayna enekew Eucalyptus Tree

30. C.............hekole Yehola Spring Water

LI132 Niquse Yehola Land

L15 Gebire Enqida LandL1136 Eni AjdjAwMche Land

..L.............. A bera M uche Land........... Ei ................................................

Li 141 Asres Land........................................_n

L43 Endalew Yehola Barle~yL14 znaw Abebe Teff Land

Sete7ne Muche Teff Land

Li H49 ........... Gebire Engidaw Teff Land ftL lOAbuhav Desie Barle~yj Land ....................................

4I15 Mersha Welde JTeff Land

*Li15 Aimasu AboyTefLn

GO NDA R-DEBARK ROAD PROJ ECT


Item Land User (Nm)Land Use in 2006,No. (Nm)Type of Structure

L1156 Wube Abuhay LandL57Kinde Mersha Teff LandL18Kinde Mersha Eucalyptus Tree

L59shtKinde Land

L12 Tega Kinde LandL13Nigus YiKgizaw Teff LandLi6......Yiizaw.Mersha Teff Land

-165Mulapt!B y Teff Land

L............J..p. ........ Land... ..g

... Asmare............. A .......e.......... Barle LandL74 irarNiaFete TBa Land

* ............ ........ !r u Teff........ Land .........................................L176 Ze.yey Alemen Teff Land* ?..........~g..AddisuLand

sm7awuew Alemw Landan

83rBisentLaew Teff Land* i~.......a ea!~.......................rland

Z115 ete Alemue Teff LandLi86lz ed Land

Ll1'§.. ............... wavu.lew y A ... ... effLand

11.. reS say BareyLnL Abebe Land

116Ae iu Mucemp ................ urnd Ln

L ...................... .. .§e.tke Teff Land

L1 8 Ezez.......e Bya Teff Land

9Be Gebiet Fentve Teff Land* 12 ezera Teshae Tef Land

S 13Mkteqa Abemubee Land

.111 eeeAlemu Eucalyptus Tre

142...................w.Sheferaw.LandTirf7 ewok Acrhef Teff Land

GO0N DAR- D EBARK ROAD P ROJ ECT


Item LnUsrLand Use in 2006,No. (Nm)Type of Structure

L1218 A e e . roTeff Lanid.................... ........ ......1. 1219 A Ie!....... ........... de........Te........... Land..............................................L1220 Mengist Alemu Teff LandL1221 Wude Asefa Teff LandL1222 Ne ashe Birke 'Eucalyptus Tree

1.24 Getnet Kasa Teff Land

L122 ........... e.........Te... Land

L13 ......................Mrh.Ahiret Teff Land

L1Mihre Tiya tu K Teff Land

L1239 Mul Damite Teff Land

L1234 Teahuy.WndAem Teff Land

em24SoKrithAberaLLan

L148Mkon~-ien -AdiascandtsTe

L10m.hreAErta Landre

LMuluAte Damit bayf Land

125 Manret Eretad LandLa54Tree Kdiasaef Land

..L ............ Kedanew Ka saye ............. fef Land.. ......... B osena....... B~,f- 6eira ............... La yl r g eL n d ................................................

L123 Mohalne Beimay Land

L26 Atero Aosue Land

L169Lwue _oh Land..L............ Flente M uche LEa nd...............................................

os25 enet Kayedeq! Te......... Land

1.27 Cheacleu BeltiTef Land

1f~..1278 .......... Akiiarn Tiorku TLffdLand

1.129 S PRWaseTef Land

pueI JJaJ ewjiE9 maLpelv 0nuifpnlmaz -jewW2 6~ti.

pue1j ese)f nlpnlmZ 8ET

puel NJJfwp'~I~~ ~ ipue2-41 nwqnv alS2)I ST9

puelj nqnSIUVLA Msse1V t'Ti.

puel j4_ n~iuaj TE.Th.

puel ga nal asappeW i~ 9ETI.puel JJa I ewwa-II aI!J)Ieq 6ZT.

puiE.) n~ mas4peqal ZIETI.

puelI J.J_J Mplaq ews 1 9

Pu21 Ma I unqL12_ nl!IIOM OsiPUe2i MaI waV asappe i t?ZT-T

PU el nsaI ewipD alW~IV 9ZTTIPU 2i J.J4 Ifuuo)a aswOVMpueijJ4a.L mae )jM0tfTTi

iuiAieg nwUO)lv Mspp. U TETI

puel J.J I 242SvA. W~iuej~j 8~

pue-1 ~jj1 ejji~e 7E

puel _a_ie uSuolSWma e( ZQTEI

pue- Di e.jjsau 5i nwaIV 86Ti -

PU2i1 J.J I aqaqV~ meWOqS ~ 96Ti

pue-1 _45i qaes n26 q2 t6T.

pu el.ai eJjasvI eIseje ?OCTI.

puel JJ I eja SJN 6OETI.

puel MDL I ~ elfV ~1IVL~i

Iuij~ine! )IuISD EOETI

PueP J~.IOD4 lP WIA TOET1.

9JfllfljaSjonldA1e( 0seN OE'9O? ! Se u l N a IiyUR1

(sdvd SUOSld P8z 66 9rTJ..................................... d a......v............... ................... g ......................N O...D ...

GONDAR-DEBARK ROAD PROJECT


Item Ln UsrLand Use in 2006,No. Ln Usr(Name) Type of Structure

L1342 Eshete Mekach Land

L33AaeA!emu. Teff Land...4 A l..............X ebele w erede Te..............Y ff L'a nd..........................................

Li 45 asre. Awule-iiw .............. Teff L'a nd .........................................

L37 Getachew Ferede Teff LandL34MuueAula Teff Land

L135 Zewdu AaraTeff Land

......5.............Esa............t...A............Te.......Land...

...5 Al..............Xebele Werede" Teff Land

... T addese...e-e Te...................................... ..Land.............................

L15 ebevehu Molta Teff Land

Li31Mamar Eiiqu Teff Land..................... E ya Bishet T f Land

L33 Azele Gonete Teff LandL16 erese Avalew Teff Land

................ Eypy Bishet Teff LandL166Tsgaw Mekonen Teff LandL16 avushe.Tezera Teff Land

L38 Teshale Tefera Teff Land

L31M oIa!qne Terefe Teff Land

L33 Amiro Mo laliqne Teff Land

L137 Chkiiu Workneh Teff..... Land~fL36Molaigne.Terefe Teff Land

L38 Worku Alemu Teff Land

L18 aniqut Mulu Teff LandL1381 SisavfHaile Teff Land

L183 Yeshuve Asichenik EucalyptsTe

...8 A............ braraw Atinaf Land......... '18! Barlyd an

Lii388G o oalTega Srghu Land

L1389 Birara Mulu Eucalvotus Tree

L 3 1Molla Jenber Teff LEa nd.......................................................... ...........e....Land

L193 M isqanaw Andarge LandL134Bye Ckun Teff Land

L139 Dejn MiretEucalyptus Tree..L.39 A............ em new W erede- Te............. Land ...........................................9 ............... Asefa Asikabe .............. ' Eu' c"ayI"vp"t us ..Tr"ee..................................

* 19 lmnew Werede Land

L1 0 u uage A gw ... .. .. ouse..............................................

GO NDAR- D EBARK ROAD P ROJ ECT


Item LadUe N m)Land Use in 2006,Ladose.(am)Type of Structure

L1404 Seteqne Menge House

L46Shebe Asichenik LandL1 al Damite Eucalyptus Tree

L49 Te fa~y.Ha±!ilu LandL40Tddese Belay LandL41mare worku Land

L44 Desie Alemu LandL1415~ B. ............... irke Yalew Land

..1416.Lele Ba .......ye .... House

...1 ..............Yachale Belay Fence

...2 Amba............... Tezera ................ Land.

...... ........ u..... habaw Terefe LandL24 Mullu Gesese Land

L1425 Getahun Alebel LandL142 Jeaw A~muLand

.. ................ ss w Keassaw...................ebe...........e......Land..........

140 AshagerW.orkneh Fence

14 2A amiraw W orkneh............ Eucl yptu Tree...................................L143 erje Gebepjyehu Fence...3 S............. hurnet D inku L............... Ea nd ...............................................

L45 Getnet Tafere Land

.. ............... Ayjnew A !emu ................ LandL1 3 ~. . . . . ..Land..................................................

L40 Eshete Ta deqe HouseL1441 eiuGr Land

L43Wnde Melese Eucalyptus Tree

... 14.....5 Desie Asimamaw House

.. ............... A.M.L.D Land148A ke Aebel Land

.....4....0 Mersha Molla House

L42 Mersha Derso LandL1453 Aamiraw Deien Teff Land

- 15 ubeshet Zeamanial Teff Land

14 7E h t Yir a Eucalyptu Tree ...............................L48Gebire Tezera Teff Land.. .................; G eb e Yir e.......re...........Yefirnd.......e......T..................Land...........140Aane Chekole Teff Land

141 Haile Yirde Teff Land

L143 Egen MlaTeff Land

D16 br MoiTeff Land

GONDAR-DEBARK ROAD PROJECT


Item Land User (Nm)Land Use in 2006,No. (Name) Type of Structure

L1466 Getinet Avele Land........... ..... ....................... ........................ ............... I.... ........................ I.................. .. ........................................................................................................

L.1467 .. M i s..a...n,,..a w.,.C.he,k.ol.e .... .,.La n d.,.L 1.4 ,,68 Degu B a Pe ........................B e Land....... , .. .............. . .

L14,6,9 , A.!.~.. .. Adma.e.A.e.!.ne,,,LandL1470 .......... C.hil o.t. Ad . erajew Land....................................................................................................

.L14.71 .. . .............. ........... e.Maize LAND

...1472 Se..n,,d., ,e,,k,,B ...... r ... ........ Land ..... , ., .,L1473 D.,,,, ,, ,pe.gu.,.. B,ayxe Teff Land.L1474.. ....................... Baz w Fer.e.de .. Tef LandL45... , ,,....s .a...........,e t an ...................... .... F E d .......... I................................................ .. ..... ............

........... ............................................... ........................... ....................................... ... ........ .........................................L45Aaw Geie and... .. .. .. .. . ... .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ................ eba,Ge.t ..,t,,,,.. .. ...L neI1 7 o la A buhay L'and................................................

L 77 Abebaw Getinet LandL1478 Getinet Chane LandL 1479 . ,, , , G,e,bi,r,e, ,G,..e.d amu La ndL1480 Molla Kassa , ............. Land .. ,. ............ ..... ......................................................... ......... d Q ........................................ .... . .................................................................................................

L1482 Shumete Fente LandL1483 ... F.i.t.g.e. F..e r.e d.e .,. Eucalyptu.s, .T..r,e.e ....................... ,

L14,8,.,4, .. ........ ... . ................................... Ae.!gne .h....m e P ~ t q MieLN,,,,....... ............. .................L144 ye!~. hu.5 mTet Maize LANDL1485 . ..... A buh a y. M ek.onen Teff Land............. ............................................. ................................. ............................................................................................ ........... .148 .. ....... e.....ne................... Chane Teff Land

....,L,,14.8.8 F.ika.dB .i.ad.o Teff Land......................... , ..... .,L14 .8.9..e a ..... Me......Te ............................. . ....... L... a. e ...a...e . T e f f . L.ndL149Q Zalane.s .......he e-Ab.a.te . .. w4.*LandL1491 . .,,,,,G ob,e M.ezi.ebu Teff LandL1492 Shumete Fente Barley Landi143 Fikad hk .L.a.nd

L1494 .M.!i.b .Gwism e , L.andL1495 Chal e Mitku Barley LandL1496 Derebe Biweta Teff LandL149 Abebe Ferede Teff Land

...L1498 Sh.i.fe., ra.w. Mu., c Tf L..........................andL1499 .......A y ..el.e y.e Ba.y..i.ne Land ......................L150 Derso Takele Teff Land

.. .......... I...........R 6 d .1111-111 ....... ................

9! 19 , Lan

i GO N DAR - DEBARK KOCKS 4__ ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

APPENDIX 7

References

- FDRE, Constitution of the FDRE, Proclamation No. 1/1995.

- National and sectoral policies (Environment Policy) Proclamations and other relatedpolicy documents.

- FDRE's Proclamation (No. 401/2004) on Appropriation of Land for Govt. Works.

- FDRE's Proclamation (No. 455/2006) on Expropriation of Landholdings for PublicPurposes and Payment of Compensation.

- Environmental Protection Authority,Environmental Policy of Ethiopia, 1997.

- Environmental Protection Authority, Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline:Volume I-V, Secretarial for the Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia, 1996, incollaboration with Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation.

- Central Statistical Authority, The 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia;Results for Amahara Region, Volume 1, Part I and VI.

- ERA, Road Sector Development Programme 1997-2007, second draft final Report,1996.

- ERA, Road Sector Development Programme II (2002 - 2007).

- ERA Standard Environmental Methodologies and Procedures Manual - 2002.

- ERA Resettlement / Rehabilitation Policy Framework - 2002.

- The World Bank, 1989: Roads and the Environment: A Handbook, World BankTechnical paper No. 376, Washington D.C.

- The World Bank, 2002: Operational Policies: Involuntary Resettlement, The WorldBank Operational Manual.

- Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment of Eighteen Roads (PackageB Road Project), Road No. 2 Gonder - Shire, Final Report, May 2003, Systra Sotecniin association with SPT and Panaf Consult.

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- Review of ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, May 2006, Joint Venture 'KocksConsult GmbH of Koblenz/Germany and Metaferia Consulting Engineers of AddisAbaba/Ethiopia'.

- Review of FEASIBILITY STUDY, June 2006, Joint Venture 'Kocks Consult GmbH ofKoblenz/Germany and Metaferia Consulting Engineers of Addis Ababa/Ethiopia'.