J A C Q U E S R O U S S E A U - Pickering & Chatto · ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. EMILE, of Verhandeling over de Opvoeding, van Jan Jaques Rousseau Burger van Geneve, Uit het Fransch,

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R O U S S E A U

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A T e r c e n t e n n i a l C e l e b r a t i o n

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CONTENTS

I. Rousseau the Educationalist: items 2-21

II. Rousseau and the Arts: items 22-29

III. Rousseau the Political Theorist: items 30-58

IV. Rousseau the Man: items 59-88

V. Rousseau – Miscellaneous Works: items 89-95

VI. Rousseau Depicted: items 96-101

R o u s s e a u t h e R e s e a r c h A s s i s t a n t

1. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. AUTOGRAPH MANUSCRIPT, unsigned, concerning ‘Euphemie femme de l’Empereur Justin I’ and her religious zeal. [n.p., n.d., c. 1749]. £ 1,350

AUTOGRAPH MANUSCRIPT. 4to (194mm x 250mm), 8 lines written in the top outer quarter, in the columnar format characteristic of Rousseau; paper watermarked 1749; in good state.

In the years between 1745 and 1749 Jean-Jacques Rousseau was employed by Louise Marie Madeline Dupin as a research assistant on her ambitious project to delineate in print the history of women. After years of labour by Rousseau and Madame Dupin her Ouvrage sur les Femmes was shelved, unfinished. The research notes,

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drafts, and fair copies written by Rousseau and his employer were stored at the chateau of Chenonceaux, essentially forgotten, until their sale at a series of auctions held between 1951 and 1958.

Louise Marie Madeline Fontaine Dupin was born in Paris on 28th October 1706 to Marie Anne Armande de Fontaine and the banker Samuel Bernard. In 1722 she married Claude Dupin; they had one son, Jacques Armand, born in 1727. Dupin’s success as a “tax farmer” and government official enabled him to buy the chateau of Chenonceaux in 1733. It was there that Madame Dupin cultivated a salon of artists and writers, and, by the mid-1740s, formed the intention of writing the history of womankind. With the assistance of Rousseau she labored on this task for several years, before abandoning it about 1750. Madame Dupin continued to live at Chenonceaux following her husband’s death in 1769, dying there shortly after dictating her will on 20 November 1799.

As a result of the auction sales between 1951 and 1958 a major portion of Madame Dupin’s stillborn work was acquired by the Harry Ransom Center in Texas.

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I. ROUSSEAU THE EDUCATIONALIST

1. Works by Rousseau

2. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. EMILE, OU DE L’EDUCATION … A Amsterdam, Chez Jean Néaulme … 1762. £ 5,000

FIRST EDITION. Four volumes, 8vo, pp. [2], viii, [2] ‘explication des figures’, 466, [4] privilege, [1] errata, [1] blank; [iv], 407, [1] blank; [iv], 357, [1] blank, [361]-384 (Z4, a blank, removed); [iv], 455, [1] blank; with five engraved plates (the variant plate of Thétis in vol. I); titles printed in red and black; early ink inscription to the front flyleaf in vol. III; the occasional blemish, but a very nice, crisp copy in contemporary French mottled calf, a trifle rubbed and the odd corner worn, red edges, marbled endpapers, spines attractively gilt in compartments with floral motif, contrasting red and blue morocco lettering-pieces gilt; contemporary ink ownership stamp (‘Bourlamaque’) to the title and booklabel (‘Bernard et Auger’) to the front pastedown in each volume.

First edition of this key text in the development of modern thought, and a fountainhead of the Romantic philosophy of man, Emile is Rousseau’s statement on the essential goodness of human nature (when society does not corrupt it). It traces the natural development of a child brought up in the country, in accordance with nature, protected from the wicked influence of society.

‘Two theses of a philosophical kind inform the whole work. The first is that all knowledge reaches the mind through the senses, that there are no innate ideas. This is the epistemology which Rousseau may have learned from reading Pierre Coste’s translation of Locke’s Essay concerning Human understanding or more probably from conversation with Locke’s disciple Condillac, who had been his friend since he worked as a private tutor in Lyons for Condillac’s brother Mably. Rousseau built on this theory of knowledge a far more radical programme of education than did Locke himself. For the child to acquire knowledge, Rousseau argued, he must be educated through his senses, and not have instruction imparted to his mind by words and symbols; the only path to understanding was for the child to learn from his own experience.

The second thesis, and the one to which Rousseau attached even more importance, was that every child is born innocent. Émile begins with the words ‘Everything is good as it comes from the hands of the Author of nature, but everything degenerates in the hands of man.’ If men we see around us are corrupt, society is responsible for their corruption. Translated into a method of education, this principle prompted Rousseau to recommend keeping his pupil as far away as possible from society and its corrupting influences, and to ‘follow nature’ in designing a plan for his upbringing’ (Maurice Cranston, The noble savage, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1754-1762, ch. 7).

The publication history of the book is somewhat complex. Rousseau had entrusted his completed manuscript to the maréchale de Luxembourg (who had offered to find him a publisher more generous than Marc-Michel Rey) and Nicolas-Bonaventure Duchesne and his associate Pierre Guy were decided upon; the contract was signed in September 1761. ‘In November Duchesne signed an agreement with Jean Néaulme, a Dutch publisher chosen … to undertake an edition parallel to Duchesne’s for distribution outside France … Duchesne’s first edition appeared in two formats: a duodecimo with the false imprint “A Amsterdam, Chez Jean Néaulme” and an octavo with the false imprint “A La Haye, Chez Jean Néaulme”. The sheets of the duodecimo edition were printed first, and the pages then re-imposed for printing in octavo’ (McEachern, pp. 16-7), but it was the octavo which was issued first (see McEachern for a full account of the various difficulties arising between author and printer).

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Our copy has all four cancels, as usual. McEachern states that ‘copies of the octavo with cancellanda are exceedingly rare: I have located only one (Stuttgart) containing the the two cancellanda of vol. i, and none at all containing the two cancellanda of vol. ii’.

Dufour 1925; Gagnebin, Bulletin du Bibliophile (1953), pp. 107-130; Leigh, Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778, Catalogue of an Exhibition at Cambridge University Library July-September 1978 (1978); McEachern, Bibliography of the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau to 1800 2 (Voltaire Foundation, 1989) 1A; Muir, ‘The First Edition of Rousseau’s “Emile”‘, The Book Collector, Vol. I, no. 2 (Summer 1952), pp. 67-76; Tchemerzine V, 545.

3. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. EMILE, of Verhandeling over de Opvoeding, van Jan Jaques Rousseau Burger van Geneve, Uit het Fransch, met aanteekeningen van Resewitz, Ehlers, Villaume, Trapp, Campe, Stuve en Heusinger uit het Hoogduitsch vertaald. Eerste [-Tweede] stuk. Te Campen, Ter Drukkerye van J.A. de Chalmot, 1790-1793. £ 3,750

FIRST EDITION IN DUTCH. Two volumes, large 8vo, pp. vi, 238; [ii], 445, [1]; apart from some minor light foxing in places, a clean copy throughout; uncut in nineteenth century marbled wraps, bottom half of spine of first volume missing, and 1 inch from the head of vol. II, some surface wear and rubbing to corners, but still an appealing copy of this rare translation.

Very rare first Dutch translation of Rousseau’s Emile, his great work on education. The impact of this book on the history of Western education cannot be overestimated, the fact that it was frequently translated bearing witness to the dissemination of its ideas.

‘Few books have had greater immediate effect on English educational thought than Rousseau’s Emile. Coming at a time when new stirrings disturbed the calm waters of the eighteenth century English education, its ideas fused with those of radical and scientific thinkers to create new insights into children, into methods of teaching, and the scope of the educational process, and these gave new directions to English educational thought’ (Stewart and McCan, pp. 23-8).

This Dutch edition is a translation of the French 1762 original edition, to which have been added the translated notes and remarks that were published in the German 1789 translation of the book. It is a mystery why it took the Dutch so long to produce a translation of Rousseau’s famous work, especially if one realizes that various Dutch publishers published French editions of the work (Neaulme, M.-M. Rey, to mention only two!). The notes by Reisewitz, Ehlers, Villaume, Trapp, etc. are critical observations, comments and additions to Rousseau’s text and, as the preface to the Dutch edition states, are meant to further instruct the reader in understanding the text and the educational principles contained therein. The importance of these annotations lies in the fact that Campe and others in Germany adapted Rousseau’s educational principles so that they became applicable in schools they created themselves and hence they created a entirely new educational climate: for example, Rousseau’s Emile is raised in nature and far away from cities; Campe and others realized that this was of course a very impractal idea, so the pupils in their schools had their own little garden. Through these and other “adaptations” they tried to turn the philosophy of Emile into a real program of education.

Not in Dufour; not in Senelier; OCLC records three copies in the Netherlands, and one at the Bibliotheque de Geneve.

4. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. EMIL eller om Uppfostran af J. J. Rousseau, Borger I Genf. Oversat af fransk og udgiven med Tydsklands opdragelsesrevisorers og en deel danske oplysende, bestemmende og rettende anmærkninger. Forste [-Sjette] Tome. Kjøbenhavn: Trykt og forlagt af Sebastian Popp, 1796 [-1799]. £ 1,350

FIRST EDITION IN DANISH. Six volumes, 8vo, pp. [ii], xxx, [ii], 336; [viii] list of subscribers, 346; [ii], 368; 372; [ii], xxvi, 352; 324; apart from light foxing in places, a clean crisp copy throughout; in contemporary half sheep, spines tooled in gilt with numbering pieces and labels lettered in gilt, minor rubbing to extremities, otherwise a handsome set.

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Scarce first Danish translation of Rousseau’s Emile, his great work on education.

The present translation, unlike the later Swedish translation, is from the French original. It is notable, however, for the copious footnotes and annotations, taken from various sources, both German and Danish, and taking into account recent German educational reforms.

OCLC records four copies in North America, at McGill, Fuller Theological Seminary, Harvard and Saint Olaf College (Kierkegaard Library) and one in the UK, at Cambridge; not in Dufour.

5. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. EMILIO ovvero dell’ Educazione di Gian-Jacopo Rousseau, Cittadino di Ginevra. Compendio Italiano. Tomo I [all published]. Venezia MDCCXCVII. Dalla Tipografia di Antonio Curti. Presso Giustino Pasquali qu. Mario. [1797]. £ 550

FIRST EDITION IN ITALIAN. 8vo, pp. [iv], 5-437, [1] blank, [1] index, [1] blank; a clean copy throughout; in contemporary green-mottled sheep, boards and spine ruled in gilt, with morocco label lettered in gilt; 1.5” gouge to leather on upper cover, and some wear.

Rare first Italian translation of Rousseau’s Emile.

The present translation comprises just the first four books of Emile - as far as we have been able to establish no more were published. The present translation forms part of a series entitled Biblioteca dell’uomo repubblicano (“A course of Politics, Civil Economy, Morals, and Education, extracted from the works of the most famous modern authors”), published from 1797 onwards.

Not in Dufour; OCLC records one copy only, at the Bibliotheque de Geneve.

6. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. EMILIO, ó de la educacion … Traducido por J. Marchena. Madrid, Imprenta de Alban y Compañia [vol. I; and] Burdeos [i. e. Bordeaux], En la Imprenta de Pedro Beaume [vols. II and III], 1821 [vol. I] and 1817 [vols II and III]. £ 1500

FIRST EDITION IN SPANISH, MIXED EDITION. Three volumes, small 8vo, pp. vi, 216, 106; [ii], [107]-444; [iv], 288, volumes one and two without half-titles, title of volume two on a stub; clean and fresh in slightly later calf-backed marbled boards, spines ruled and lettered in gilt, patterned endpapers; corners a little worn.

Mixed edition with volumes two and three in first Spanish edition and volume one (in two parts) as second or third edition. The translator José Marchena Ruiz de Cueto (1768-1821) was an enlightened Spanish priest, politician, essayist, journalist and writer, who, during the French Revolution participated in the upheavals in Paris, before being imprisoned by Robespierre. He is one of the most influential translators of French texts into Spanish and translated as well Rousseau’s Du contract social (‘Londres’, 1799).

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Palau 279539 (first Spanish edition) and 279541 (Madrid edition); however, with the collation of 390 pages for volume I); Dufour 210 (two volumes only); OCLC locates only two sets of the first edition in America, at New York Public Library and University of Texas.

7. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. J.J. ROUSSEAU’S BRIEF AN BEAUMONT. Leipzig bei Gerh. Fleischer d. J. 1799. £ 385

FIRST GERMAN TRANSLATION. 12mo, pp. 231, [1] blank; clean and crisp throughout in contemporary calf; spine tooled in gilt with gilt lettering-piece; a very good copy.

First German translation of Rousseau’s Lettre à Christophe de Beaumont.

First published in 1762, Rousseau’s letter was a response to de Beaumont, the Archbishop of Paris, and his pastoral letter condemning Emile. He replies point by point to the Archbishop’s criticisms, while articulating his general principle, that Christian belief need not necessarily be accompanied by adherence to the authority of one particular body, nor to the interpretation of one particular group of doctrines.

The present translation was published as part 11 of the German edition of which the first ten volumes appeared between 1786 and 1790.

OCLC records two copies only, at Mainz and Neuchatel.

8. [ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques]. EMILIO E SOFIA O I SOLITARI. Prima Traduzione Italiana. di A[ugusto] Castaldo. Roma, Oreste Garroni, 1911. £ 185

FIRST ITALIAN TRANSLATION. 12mo, pp. 96; paper lightly toned, otherwise clean throughout; stitched as issued, in the original printed wraps, contemporary bookseller’s label at foot.

First Italian translation of Rousseau’s incomplete and posthumously published sequel to Emile.

Rousseau, according to several of his friends, began work on Emile et Sophie after the publication of the earlier work but before its condemnation by the Sorbonne; he ceased work on it when forced to flee France, although always intended to return to it. The work is clearly the result of Rousseau’s dissatisfaction with the ending of Emile, and opens with Sophie’s (possibly drugged) infidelity; Rousseau aims to show the ways in which the various educational ideas found in Emile have been successful, and the ways in which they have failed, and emphasises, in contrast to the Nouvelle Heloise, the primacy of self-sufficiency over domestic happiness.

OCLC records two copies, both in Switzerland, at the National Library and the Bibliotheque de Geneve.

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2. Works on Rousseau

T h e f i r s t c r i t i q u e o f Emi le ?

9. [ANDRE, M.]. REFUTATION DU NOUVEL OUVRAGE DE JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU, intitulé: Emile ou de l’éducation. Paris, chez Desaint & Saillant, Libraires, 1763. £ 550

8vo, pp. 183, [1] Approbation; apart from a few minor marks, a clean copy throughout; in contemporary mottled sheep, spine gilt with paste paper label lettered in gilt, some minor rubbing but not detracting from this being a handsome and desirable copy.

An unusual pirated edition of this attack on Rousseau’s Emile, by M. André, the librarian of Henri-Francois d’Aguesseau, who had been until his death in 1750 Chancellor of France.

Rey had written to Rousseau in April 1763 to advise him of the existence of this work, first published the year before, which called Emile “full of holes, full of dreams, and full of mortal errors… a dangerous and blasphemous work”. André does not, he claims, intend “to refute all the false principles and mortal errors which [Emile] contains. [That] would require several volumes…”. He divides his work into two letters, the second of which is addressed directly to Rousseau.

The first edition was followed by two further parts which appeared under the title La divinité de la religion chrétienne, vengée des sophismes de Jean-Jacques Rousseau. This pirate of the first part seems to our eyes to have been printed, and bound, in Germany.

Conlon 223; OCLC records just three copies outside of Switzerland, at Bamberg, Danish National Library and the BL.

10. BERGESTROM, Hans. FÖRSÖK TIL DEN RÄTTA CHRISTELIGA UPFOSTRANS KÄNNEDOM OCH WÄRKSTÄLLIGHET, jämte några anmärkningar uti noterne öfwer Rousseaus Emile, eller ochristeliga upfostrings konst, af Hans Bergeström … Calmar, tryckt hos Lars Lindeblad, 1766. £ 750

FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. [xii], 3-273, [1]; small waterstain in upper margin in early gatherings and in upper outer corner from p. 231 to the end, pp. 9-12 loose, inkspot in the text on pp. 79-80, front pastedown with an old signature scraped off and covered with an old label; in contemporary half calf over marbled boards, spine rather worn, front board loose, a good copy of a rare work.

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First edition of this early Swedish reaction to Rousseau’s Emile.

The work begins with a foreword by L. Murbeck who regrets that the uneducated people of the time are being led by ‘phantaster’ (dreamers), Rousseau being counted as one of these, whom Bergeström attacks in the footnotes. Rousseau’s Émile was in contrast to Bergeström’s view of proper education. His criticism should be viewed by the fact that the thoughts of Rousseau in Émile already had been spread in Sweden, only four years after the first edition was published. There are also references to Shakespeare with a few lines quoted from MacBeth and Julius Cesar.

Hans Bergeström (1735-84) was a vicar in Helsingborg and his poetical works contain among other things translations of Voltaire’s Alzire, James Thomson’s Agamemnon and parts of Edward Young’s The complaint: or, night thoughts.

OCLC records one copy only, at the National Library of Sweden.

11. [ANON]. TRAITE SUR L’EDUCATION, pour servir de supplément à l’Émile par J.J. Rousseau. Premiere Partie [-Seconde]. Neuchatel, Par la Société typographique. 1770. £ 550

FIRST EDITION. Two volumes bound in one, 12mo, pp. [iv], vii, [i] blank, 130; [iv], 146; minor foxing and browning in places; in contemporary mottled boards, spine ruled in gilt with paste paper label lettered in gilt at head, hinges and corners rubbed, but still a very good copy.

First edition of this anonymous educational treatise, designed to put theoretical flesh on the bones of Rousseau’s ideas as articulated in Emile. Over the course of two volumes, the author emphasies that the aim of education is to produce “des hommes éclairés”, before describing the illnesses of children, rules for their governance, and their education in the strictest sense. The author details the required attributes of teachers and governors before setting out a plan of study. He then goes on to discuss the nature and role of schools, and the different classes to be taken in them, before describing the Ecole militaire, and finally the education of girls.

Conlon 501; OCLC records three copies in North America, at UCLA, Princeton and Yale.

12. [EPINAY, Louise-Florence Tardieu d’]. LES CONVERSATIONS D’EMILIE … A Leipzig … Chez Siegfried Lebrecht Crusius Libraire. 1774. £425

FIRST EDITION. 12mo, pp. vi, 430; with engraved frontispiece; some light foxing and marking in places, but generally clean and crisp throughout; in recent calf backed boards.

First edition of this important work on the education of girls, by Louise Florence Pétronille, marquise d’Epinay (1726-83), whose second edition was awarded the Montyon Prix d’Utilité by the Académie Française in 1783.

D’Epinay is best remembered today as Rousseau’s patron, who lent him the Hermitage where much of Julie was composed. However, she was a major literary and pedagogical figure in her own right, and the present work is one of the most influential works on female education of the late eighteenth century. In many ways, Les Conversations d’Emilie can be read as a response to Rousseau, although it was based largely on conversations between d’Epinay and her granddaughter Emilie. The work consists of twenty conversations, which take place over a five year period, starting when Emilie is five years old, and attempts to correct what d’Epinay sees as four major shortcomings with Emile: that Rousseau’s work is too abstract; that Rousseau himself had no experience of raising children; that Rousseau’s work was too prescriptive and didactic, being at heart an abstract treatise thinly disguised as a novel, rather than a truly collaborative venture; and that Rousseau was essentially male-centred, even in his prescriptions for female education - his intention was to create good wives, rather than well-rounded women.

Unlike Rousseau’s Sophie, Emilie was taught to read and write before the age of five and, by the age of ten, had been introduced to a broad range of subjects, following a plan of studies quite ambitious for the period. However, the true originality of Les Conversations d’Emilie lies less in the plan or method of studies it proposed

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(which in fact resembled the more enlightened education given to boys of the period) than in the distinctly feminocentric goals it sought to achieve and, above all, in the self-confidence and self-sufficiency it aimed to foster in women.

‘Contrary to Rousseau’s assertions in Book V of Emile, d’Epinay affirms the intellectual equality of women and their right to an equal education. She insists that the intellectual development of women is essential to their happiness and well-being. In contrast to the blind submission to authority instilled in Rousseau’s Sophie, d’Epinay encourages her granddaughter to think for herself’ (M. Trouille, ‘La Femme Mal Mariée: Mme d’Epinay’s Challenge to Julie and Emile’, Eighteenth Century Life 20.1 (1996), 57).

OCLC records just one copy, at the University of Montreal.

13. SERANE, Philippe. THEORIE DE J.J. ROUSSEAU SUR L’EDUCATION, corrigée et réduite en pratique … A Toulouse, chez J.J. Robert, Imprimeur-Libraire … [1774]. £ 450

FIRST EDITION. 12mo, pp. [iv], 335, [1] blank; 52, [4]; some spotting and browning in places; in contemporary bottled sheep, spine gilt in compartments; some wear to extremities and boards.

First edition of this educational work by the French philosopher and writer Philippe Serane, addressing some the difficulties in Rousseau’s approach to pedagogy.

Serane, while broadly sympathetic to Rousseau’s aims and his methods, considers them to be impossible to put properly into effect; his aim in the present work, therefore, is to adapt Rousseau’s ideas into a practical manual for educators, so that what could and should have been “le code de la sagesse” but was only a “recueil de scandales” (Emile) is turned into a work that can provide a useful guide, emphasising the importance Rousseau gives to moral education through example and experience. Courage, moderation, and a distaste for luxury are the first things to be taught; it is only then that a grounding can be given in mathematics, geography, and other subjects.

To illustrate the success of his method, Serane includes at the end a 50 page essay on physics, geometry, and the Latin and French languages, by one of his pupils, aged nine.

OCLC records three copies in North America, at Michigan, Kansas and the Morgan Library.

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14. AUGER, Athanase. DISCOURS SUR L’EDUCATION, prononcés au College Royal de Rouen, Suivis de Notes tirées des meilleurs Auteurs anciens et modernes; auxquelles on a joint des Réflexions sur l’Amitié. A Rouen, Chez Boucher… 1775. £ 750

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FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. xxxii, 251, [1] blank; some light foxing in places, and occasional pencil markings; in contemporary pink sheep-backed boards, spine ruled in git with morocco label lettered in gilt; some wear, but still a good copy.

First edition of this rare study of educational ideas by the rhetorician and classical scholar Athanase Auger (1734-1793) based on lectures given at the Collège Royale in Rouen to mark the start of each academic year throughout the first half of the 1770s.

The work contains two Discours, from 1771 and 1774; the first discusses the influence of physical education on the mind and heart, while the second is concerned purely with the éducation du coeur. Throughout, Auger is greatly influenced by Rousseau’s Émile, from which he quotes approvingly, while also noting the contributions of Locke, Montaigne, and Plato (of whose thoughts on education he also provides a précis). In his preface, he offers a series of reflections on Émile, as well as arguments against starting studies too late, and a comparison of education in the eighteenth century with that a hundred years earlier, before concluding with a proposal for a form of state education (“qui n’est peut-être pas aussi chimérique qui’il pourroit d’abord le paroître”).

OCLC records copies at Principia College, Chicago, Michigan, Lampeter, and Waseda.

15. DUROSOY, Jean Baptiste. PHILOSOPHIE SOCIALE; ou Essai sur les Devoirs de l’Homme et du Citoyen: … A Paris, Chez Charles-Pierre Berton … MDCCLXXXIII [1783]. £ 450

FIRST EDITION. 12mo, pp. [viii], 422, [2] privilège; institutional stamp on half-title, ink blotches to fore-edge of first few gatherings, but otherwise clean and fresh; in contemporary sheep, spine gilt in compartments with morocco label lettered in gilt; corners rubbed and worn, upper joint cracked at head; with old library slip on front free endpaper, and bookseller’s label on front paste-down.

First edition of this rare work by the French theologian and philosopher Durosoy (1726-1804), on education and civic duty.

Durosoy lays special emphasis on the role of the father of the family, and on the importance of education beginning in the first months of life. He divides his work into four sections. The first, entitled “L’homme croissant pour la Société”, discusses man’s duties to God and to society, and includes advice on the care of the body, the maintenance of health, sober living, and the importance of reading, work, and study. He also discusses duty to superiors, elders, benefactors, inferiors, friends, and strangers.

The second section discusses “l’homme délibérant sur le choix d’un état”. Durosoy offers advice on the priestly state, the state of marriage, and the rôle of prayer in deciding between the two, before offering a series of rules to guide a decision. This is followed by the third section, entitled “l’homme époux”, which gives advice on the maintenance of marital harmony, including a guide to “les foibles de l’autre époux”, which might include jealousy and melancholy, and the advice not to hope for too much. The fourth and last section deals with “l’homme père de famille”. Here Durosoy advises fathers not to leave the education of their children to mercenaries, but to be personally involved, while making children accustomed to “une discipline austère”, with “point de familiarité, point de caresses minaudieres”. He emphasises the authority of the father, and warns against the abuse of that authority, before going on to argue, against Rousseau, that children should be taught “les vérités de la Religion” at an early age. Despite his general conservatism, however, Durosoy does insist on the equal needs and treatment of sick children.

Jean Baptiste Durosoy was born at Belfort, and sought refuge in Switzerland after the Revolution, where he became advisor to the Bishop of Basle. The present work was reprinted at Louvain in 1822.

OCLC records five copies, at UCLA, Delaware, Duke, Cornell, and Cambridge.

16. RAYMOND, George-Marie. ESSAI SUR L’ÉMULATION DANS L’ORDRE SOCIAL, et sur son application à l’éducation; Ouvrage mentionné honorablement par l’Institut nationale de France, dans la séance publique du 15 Messidor an IX. A Genève, Chez J.J. Paschoud, An X [1802]. £ 285

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FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. [viii], xix, [i] blank, 291, [1] table des matières; some marginal dampstaining, and occasional paper flaw, but otherwise clean and fresh; in contemporary sheep; spine tooled in gilt; wear to boards and extremities, joints worn, label missing from spine.

First edition of this uncommon educational work by the historian, mathematician, and moralist George-Marie Raymond (1769-1839).

That Raymond’s work is heavily influenced by Rousseau becomes immediately evident from the opening sentence of the preface: “C’est dans les lieux habités par Jean-Jacques, que j’ai osé tracer quelques-uns de ces lignes sur l’éducation”. The essay is written in response to a question posed by the Institut national de France, asking whether emulation was a good method of education. Raymond first examines what is meant by emulation, before investigating whether it is built into human nature. He goes on to discuss the mutual dependence of people, and its consequences for this discussion, before in the second part applying the notion of emulation to education, querying whether it can be replaced in education, and examining the dangers to society of neglecting it. He finally describes the power of wise opinion in forming the young, as well as warning against the love of glory.

OCLC records North American copies at Stanford, Harvard, Columbia, Virginia, and Primary Source Media, CT.

17. FÉNELON, François Salignac de la Mothe. [SENDTNER, Barbara. Translator]. UEBER DIE ERZIEHUNG DER TÖCHTER … sammt einem Schreiben desselben Verfassers and eine Dame von Stand über die Erziehung ihrer einzigen Tochter. Munich, E. A. Fleischmann, 1828. £ 500

FIRST EDITION OF THIS TRANSLATION. Small 8vo, pp. [6], xii, 191; a little browned; contemprary red boards, ornamented in gilt; all edges gilt, glazed green endpapers; light wear to extremities.

The first classical work of French pedagogy with a focus on the education of women had a Europe-wide impact after its first publication in 1687. Fénelon emphasises that the teaching and learning process should be a pastime, and should interest the pupil. Like Fleury and Madame de Maintenon, he regards intellectual and moral education as inseparable, and uses much the same methods. As a frequent visitor at the school of St-Cyr and co-preceptor of the Duc de Bourgogne with Fleury, Fénelon takes the central place in this trio of educators.

The present translation was prepared by Barbara Sendtner, daughter of the Munich Peter Philipp Wolf. For a long time Barbara (or ‘Betty’) Sendtner (1792-1839) edited the Münchner politische Zeitung, a periodical published under her husband’s name, the Munich professor Jacob Sendtner. She brought up seven children, translated from the English, Italian and French, and published a couple of essays. Child of a mixed Protestant-Catholic couple she converted to Catholicism and had contacts with the Romantic intellectuals and artists in Munich. Her translation is dedicated to the Queen of Bavaria; the preface by the translator contains an attack of Rousseau’s opinion published in volume four of Émile that the purpose of women was to please men. She further alleges Rousseau of plagiarising Fénelon in his few good passages on the education of women. Sendtner then explains that it becomes clear from Rousseau’s Confessions that he was certainly not the character to give women advice on how to teach their daughters. She agrees Friedrich Schlegel that only the family can guarantee good and morally valuable education and protect children from the influence of growing decadence and depravation in society.

OCLC locates a single copy, at University of Illinois; KVK locates only five copies in German libraries, among them three in Bavaria.

18. BAKITSCH, Wojslaw. DIE HAUPTPUNCTE DER ROUSSEAU’SCHEN PAEDAGOGIK. Wissenschaftlich beleuchtet von Wojslaw Bakitsch … Inaugural-Dissertation …. Leipzig, druck Metzger & Wittig. 1874. £ 175

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DISSERTATION. 8vo, pp. iv, [ii], 50, [2]; title lightly dust-soiled, lower corner with fold crease, small tear in gutter where title becoming loose, but still holding firm; stapled and paper backed, as issued, backing lightly chipped and dust-soiled, but still a good copy.

Unusual dissertation presented to the philosophy faculty at Leipzig, in which Bakitsch attempts to explain the main elements of Rousseau’s educational theories in a scientific and systematic manner. He examines the fundamental aims of education, and Rousseau’s educational ideals, before describing the main points of Rousseau’s methodology, as well as his emphasis on the development of character.

Wojslaw Bakitsch was born in Serbia in 1847. This appears to be his only published work.

OCLC records eight copies overall, with none recorded outside continental Europe.

19. NOIKOW, Peter M. DAS AKTIVITÄTSPRINCIP IN DER PÄDAGOGIK JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAUS. Inaugural-Dissertation … Leipzig, R, Druck von Oswald Schmidt. 1898. £ 225

DISSERTATION. 8vo, pp. iv, 160, [2]; small library stamp on verso of title, and final leaf; in the original printed publisher’s wraps, slight darkening to extremities, otherwise a very good copy.

Rare dissertation presented to the philosophy faculty at Leipzig on the principle of activity in Rousseau’s educational theories.

Noikow starts with an examination of the fundamental principles underlying Rousseau’s philosophy of education, and its debts to and differences from those of other thinkers such as Locke. He then goes on to discuss the role of activity in both physical and intellectual education, and the links between Rousseau’s pedagogy and his broader philosophy. A final section draws parallels with modern educational theory.

OCLC records four copies in North America, at Yale, Indiana, Illinois and Princeton.

20. FINDEISEN, Hermann. DIE PHILOSOPHISCHEN GRUNDGEDANKEN DER PÄDAGOGIK J.J. ROUSSEAUS. Inaugural-Dissertation … Borna-Leipzig, Buchdruckerei Robert Noske, 1906. £ 185

DISSERTATION. 8vo, pp. vi, 85, [3]; small library stamp to title, title and last leaf; stapled and backed in green paper, as issued; a very good copy.

A good copy of this dissertation on the philosophical underpinnings of Rousseau’s educational theories, presented to the philosophy faculty at Tübingen.

Findeisen (born 1879) discusses optimism and pessimism in Rousseau, and the differences between nature and custom and between the individual and society, before examining the philosophical consequences and the relationship between Rousseau’s philosophy and those of other schools. Finally, he relates these philosophical concerns to Rousseau’s pedagogy.

OCLC records six copies in North America, at Illinois, Chicago, Harvard, Michigan, Pittsburgh and Wisconsin Madison.

21. THEMANNS, Peter. ROUSSEAU UND DER ARBEITSSCHULGEDANKE Inaugural-Dissertation … Langensalza, Druck H. Beyer & Söhne (Beyer & Mann) 1914. £125

DISSERTATION. 8vo, pp. vi, [ii], 75, [1]; small library stamp on verso of title, and final leaf; backed in green paper, as issued; a very good copy.

Uncommon dissertation presented to the philosophy faculty at Münster by Peter Themanns (born 1884) on the influence of Rousseau’s ideas on the early twentieth century “Arbeitsschule” movement.

Themanns offers an overview of Rousseau’s educational theory and his views on childhood as found in Emile, before applying some of Rousseau’s approach to contemporary educational reform, paying particular attention, in a final section, to what Emile can teach us about the education of girls, and the ways in which girls’ schooling could be improved.

OCLC records four copies in Germany, and two in France.

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II. ROUSSEAU AND THE ARTS

22. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. DISCOURS QUI A REMPORTE LE PRIX A L’ACADEMIE DE DIJON. En l’annee 1750. Sur cette question proposee par la meme Academie: Si le retablissement des Sciences & des Arts a contribue a epurer les moeurs. Par un Citoyen de Geneve. Geneve, Barillot & Fils, [1750]. £ 1,250

8vo, pp. 55; small damp stain to lower part of margins throughout (not affecting the text) and a very small paper-restoration to upper margin of two leaves (not affecting text); elegantly bound in nineteenth century red quarter cloth with simple gilt decoration and gilt title to spine.

Rare counterfeit edition (constituting the third appearance) of the prize winning essay which made Jean-Jacques Rousseau famous. In his Discours, written in response to the Dijon prize question for 1750: Has the progress of the sciences and arts contributed to the purification of morals, Rousseau denied moral progress and proclaimed the well known ‘paradox’ that mankind deteriorates as civilization advances. This was to start a controversy that lasted for the next three years and prompted a number of refutations from a ‘tribe’ of writers rushing to defend the arts against slander.

‘One day, I took the Mercury, of France, and, in walking along, while looking over it, I fell on this question proposed by the Academy of Dijon as the prize for the following year … The moment I read this I beheld another universe, and I became another man … On arriving at Vincennes, I was in excitement which bordered on delirium. Diderot perceived it, and I told him the cause. He exhorted me to give my thoughts to the essay, and contend for the prize. I promised to do so, and from that moment I was ruined. All the rest of my life and my misfortunes were inevitable effects of this moment of mistake’ (Craddock: Rousseau, As Described by Himself [1877], pp. 28-29).

The first edition of the work appeared in Geneva, also printed by Barillot & Fils, in 1750 and has (3) ff, 66 pp. Another edition appeared, without year, with 63 pp.

Dufour 15; this issue not recorded on OCLC.

23. [ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques]. AVIS A UN ANONYME, Par J.J. Rousseau [in:] MERCURE DE FRANCE, Dedie au Roi. Janvier 1756. Premier Volume … A Paris, Chez Chaubert, Jean de Nully, Pissot, Duchesne, Cailleau, [1756]. £ 225

FIRST EDITION. 12mo, pp. 240; some minor marking in places, but generally clean and crisp; uncut in the original marbled publisher’s wraps, spine with chipping and wraps with surface wear; with the contemporary library stamp of the Bibliotheca Comitum de Goertz on title page of each issue (just touching the imprint and vignette); a very good copy.

An odd monthly volume from the great French periodical Mercure de France containing a letter from Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

Rousseau’s letter is a response to an anonymous letter from a Bordelais, in connection with a letter Rousseau had written to Voltaire. The author of this letter chastises Rousseau for his disdain for the arts, given the impossibility (acknowledged by both Rousseau and Voltaire) of making people better. “Given that man cannot return to his primitive state (according to you, a happier one), why add unknown ills to those already known? You have managed to make people less happy without improving them”.

In reply, Rousseau manages to exhibit many of the traits that make his fallings out with virtually everyone seem entirely explicable. He seems especially unimpressed that a foreigner feels able to suggest what he should be writing: “As far as the inhabitants of other countries goes, if they don’t find in my work anything useful or amusing, it seems to be that it would be better to ask them why they are reading it than to explain why it was written. When a bel esprit from Bordeaux gravely exhorts me to leave political discussions alone in order to write operas … he is of course right, if it is true that in writing to the citizens of Geneva, I am obliged to amuse the bourgeois of Bordeaux”.

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24. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. LES AVANTAGES ET LES DESAVANTAGES DES SCIENCES ET DES ARTS, consideres par rapport aux moeurs, en plusieurs discours, lettres, &c., ou le pour & le comtre sur cette importante matiere est debattu a fonds: Par J.J. Rousseau, & auctres Savants Hommes. Nouvelle Edition. Tome Premier [-Second]. A Londres, aux depens de la compagnie. 1756. £ 850

FIRST EDITION THUS. 8vo, pp. [viii], 237, [3] blank; [iv], [3]-268; 27; 30; including two engraved frontispieces, titles of the first work printed in red and black; apart from a few minor marks, a clean copy throughout; in contemporary boards, spine with paper label titled in ink, minor stain at foot and some foxing to boards, but still a very good copy.

The first edition to reprint Rousseau’s Discours, the work that made his name, together with all the responses and commentaries it provoked.

In 1749, the Academy of Dijon, announced an essay contest dealing with the following question: Has the progress of the sciences and arts contributed to the purification of morals?’ Rousseau entered the contest and won the prize by replying “No”. In his Discours sur les sciences et les arts (1750) he first discussed the topic, to which he was to return again and again in his career: the contrast between ancient and modern peoples. His work has often been misunderstood as a simple antithesis between man’s natural goodness and his corruption by society; however his statement concerns the basic premise of all his work, i.e. that all peoples are precisely what their social institutions makes them.

Rousseau’s essay provoked various polemics, including a refutation by the Polish king Stanislas and a commentary by Le Cat, which are all reprinted here together with Rousseau’s counter-replies.

Dufour 20; OCLC records five copies in the US, at Kansas, Harvard, Stanford, Ohio State and Syracuse.

25. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. J.J. ROUSSEAU CITOYEN DE GENEVE, A MR. D’ALEMBERT … Sur son Article Genève dans le VIIme. Volume de l’Encyclopédie, et Particulièement, sur le projet d’établir un Théatre de Comédie en cette Ville … A Amsterdam, chez Marc Michel Rey, 1758. £ 850

FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. xviii, 264, [3] Avis, [1] errata, [4] advertisements; with title vignette; handsomely bound in contemporary full mottled calf, spine with five raised bands tooled in gilt and red morocco lable lettered in gilt.

First edition of Rousseau’s letter to D’Alembert, in which the Citizen of Geneva challenges the Encyclopedists over the building of a dramatic theatre.

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D’Alembert had written the article Geneva for the seventh volume of the Encyclopédie which described the city and its possibilities as one of the foremost intellectual centres of Europe. According to him, the city needed to create a Théâtre Comique to become a haven of the arts. With its political liberty established, its liberalized theology and new theatre, Geneva would be transformed into another Paris, a city of enlightened life and morality. “It was this publication that sent the Citizen back with zest to his own maxims. He had once defended the thesis that the progress of the arts and learning does not improve but rather corrupts the morals of mankind. He had since then fashioned his conception of a republic with Geneva in mind, and like Plato’s Republic it had no place for the dramatic arts save those evoking sentiments of courage and manliness and virtue. His ideal Geneva was now being threatened. The new theatre would be the playhouse for the work of the impious Voltaire -- that was D’Alembert’s immediate purpose. The issue between the Encyclopedists’ ideal and that of the Citizen was drawn, and he found here a theme calculated to arouse that genius which had seemed so completely gone” (C.W. Hendel).

Although the present edition remained unknown to Dufour and Tchmerzine, it has been given priority as the true first edition by E.-H. Azers in his Histoire de l’Impression et la publication de la “Lettre à d’Alembert”, an attribution which has been corroborated by Sénelier and others.

Sénelier, Bibliographie generale des oeuvres de J.-J. Rousseau (1950) 335; Hendel, Citizen of Geneva: Selections of the Letters of J.-J. Rousseau (1937) pp. 31-32; Cf. Dufour, Recherches bibliographiques sur les oeuvres imprimés de J.-J. Rousseau I, 71; see Guéhenno, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, vol. I, pp. 432-435.

26. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. LE DEVIN DU VILLAGE, opéra-comique … A Avignon, chez Louis Chambeau, Imprimeur-Libraire, pres le College. 1773. £ 225

8vo, pp. 15, [1] blank; small stain at foot of title, otherwise a clean copy; in old marbled wraps.

Uncommon Avignon edition of Rousseau’s one act opera Le Devin du Village, first performed at Fontainebleau in 1752 and Paris in 1753. The opera became one of the most popular short operas in France in the second half of the eighteenth century, and was performed at the wedding of the future Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.

An English translation by Charles Burney was first performed in London in 1762, under the title The Cunning Man.

OCLC records two copies only, at McMaster & the Badische Landesbibliothek.

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27. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. LA NOUVELLE HELOISE, ou Lettres de Deux Amans, habitans d’une petite ville au pied des Alpes. Recueillies par J.J. Rousseau, & précédées du voyage à Ermenonville, de M. le Tourneur. Tome premier [-quatrième]. A Lausanne, Chez Francois Lacombe, 1792. £ 500

Four volumes, 12mo, pp. iv, cvi, 311, [1] blank; [ii], 318; [ii], 352; [ii], 382; with engraved frontispiece and eleven engraved plates by Pezani after Moreau; clean and fresh throughout; in 19th century half green calf; slight rubbing, but an attractive set, with the book-plate of Augustine Birrell, Chief Secretary for Ireland 1907-1916, on the front paste-down of each volume.

A good copy of this uncommon Lausanne edition of the Nouvelle Héloise.

First published in 1761 by Rey under the title Lettres de deux amans, the Nouvelle Héloise was possibly the most popular work of the second half of the eighteenth century; more than 70 different editions had appeared by 1800, and many of the themes that were later to find full expression in romanticism are to be found in it.

OCLC records only two copies in North America, at Virginia and McGill.

28. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. BRIEF ÜBER DIE MUSIK. Ein Wort noch gültig für unsere Zeit. Neu bearbeitet und mit Anmerkungen begleitet von J. Schlett, Professor. Sulzbach, Seidel, 1822 [bound with]: BAUCK, Matthias Andreas. ANLEITUNG ZUR KENNTNIß DER HARMONIE in Fragen und Antworten als Handbuch für Lehrer und Lernende. 1814. Lübeck, M. Michelsen, 1814. £ 650

Small 8vo, pp. x, 11-80; xvi, 55, [1] blank, [1] errata; a little browned and spotted in places; contemporary German provincial sheep-backed marbled boards; worn; contemporary collector’s stamp on title, over-written at an early date with ownership-inscription Lauenburg.

Uncommon translation of Rousseau’s Lettre sur la musique françoise of 1753, by the Munich organist and composer Joseph Schlett (1764-1836).

Schlett, in addition to his work as a musician, also published works on the study of language and on the Romans in Bavaria. He augments Rousseau’s text with a number of notes, while explaining that he has changed the title to omit the word “French” - while Rousseau’s aim was in part to emphasise the superiority of Italian music over French music, Schlett wants to emphasise more Rousseau’s general strictures on what makes dramatic music effective, while also, where appropriate, noting the ways in which his approach might apply to German music and language.

I. OCLC locates copies in Geneva, at the Institut et Musée Voltaire, at University of Rostock and in the British Library; II. Both OCLC and KVK locate two copies, in the State Library in Berlin and in the Danish National Library.

29. [BORDE, Charles]. PREDICTION TIREE D’UN VIEUX MANUSCRIT sur La nouvelle Héloïse, roman de J. J. Rousseau. [n.p., n.d. c. 1761]. £ 400

FIRST EDITION. 12mo, pp. 14; a clean copy; in marbled wraps.

First edition of this work, long attributed to Voltaire, by the French poet and writer Charles Borde (1711-1781).

Borde was an associate of Voltaire, and is best known for his controversy with Rousseau over the importance and role of the arts and the sciences; the present work is not his only one to have been attributed to Voltaire. A satire on Rousseau (who had “recu du Ciel le don de l’inconséquence”), the prediction is that the extraordinary man, possessed by the demon of enthusiasm, is eventually regarded with pity by the people, who no longer call him “Philosophe”.

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The work was reprinted the following year in the Quatrième recueil de nouvelles pièces fugitives de M. de Voltaire under the title “Prédiction sur La nouvelle Héloïse, roman de J.-J. Rousseau”. Borde, in addition to his attacks on Rousseau, also wrote poetry, a play, and numerous works on philosophy, ethics, religion, and education.

Conlon 166; OCLC records four copies in North America, at Toronto, Delaware, Columbia and Virginia, and one further copy in the UK, at Cambridge.

6 4 Rou s s e a u

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I I I . ROUSSEAU THE POLITICAL THEORIST

1. Works by Rousseau

30. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. DISCOURS SUR L’ORIGINE ET LES FONDEMENS DE L’INEGALITÉ PARMI LES HOMMES. Amsterdam, chez Marc Michel Rey, 1755. £ 2,400

FIRST EDITION, FIRST ISSUE. 8vo, pp. lxx, [ii], 262, [2] errata & avis au relieur; with engraved frontispiece (by Eisen, engraved by Sornique); apart from some minor browning in places, a clean copy throughout; bound in contemporary full mottled calf, spine richly gilt, light rubbing to extremities, but still a very appealing copy.

First edition of Rousseau’s forceful attack on conventional society and his plea for the rights and dignity of the individual, the central issue of all his political writings.

The Academy of Dijon had offered a prize for an essay on the subject of The Origin of Inequality, and Rousseau composed his discourse in response to it, though the topic seems to have sprung naturally from his firmly held beliefs. For Rousseau inequality was the original evil, the one that causes and creates all others. He commends the state of nature at the expense of civilization. As he had denied that the restoration of arts and sciences had been beneficial in his previous Dijon prize essay (Discours sur les arts et sciences, 1749) which had made him famous, he now denied that the substitution of the natural state by social and civilized life had been advantageous.

Dufour 55; Goldsmiths 9064; Higgs 940; Kress 5470; Tchemerzine V, p. 532.

31. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. DISCORSO SULL’ORIGINE E SUI FONDAMENTI DELL’INEGUAGLIANZA TRA GLI UOMINI di Giangiacomo Rousseau, cittadino di Ginevra ; tradotto, e accresciuto di note da L.P. Milano … Nella stamperia Rossi. Si vende da Gaetano Brocca. anno VI. Repubblicano [1797-1798]. £ 1,650

FIRST EDITION IN ITALIAN. 8vo, pp. [iv], xxxvi, 194; paper flaw to d6 resulting loss of a couple of words, but no loss of sentence gist, otherwise a clean crisp copy throughout; uncut and recently bound in old green wraps, to style; a very appealing copy.

Rare first Italian translation of Rousseau’s first important work Discours sur l’origine & les fondements de l’inégalité parmi les hommes (1755),

The present translation appeared in the same year as Curti’s Venetian one, which is criticised in the preface for its stilted style and its lack of fidelity to the text.

OCLC records four copies only, all in Switzerland; see Dufour 55 for first edition.

32. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. OM OPRINDELSEN TIL ULIGHEDEN BLANDT MENNESKENE, og dens Grundstøtter et kronet Priisskrivt af J.J. Rousseau … Kjøbenhavn, Trykt paa A. Soldins forlag, hos E.M. Cohen. 1800. £ 850

FIRST EDITION IN DANISH. 8vo, pp. [iv], 221, [1] blank, [III-] X; minor staining just visible in places, otherwise a clean copy throughout, with a contemporary ownership signature on slip pasted to title; in recent calf backed marbled boards, spine lettered in gilt.

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Rare first Danish translation of Rousseau’s Discours, by the Danish bookseller, publisher, editor, author and newspaper publisher Solomon Soldin (1774-1837).

OCLC records three copies only, two in Denmark, at the National Library and the Royal Library, and one in Switzerland, at Neuchatel; see Dufour 55 for first edition.

33. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. ORIGEN Y FUNDAMENTO DE LA DESIGUALDAD ENTRE LOS HOMBRES. Traducida de la edición de Dresde, MDCCLV por I. López Lapuya; prólogo de Carlos Malagarriga. Madrid, F. Betrán … [n.d., c. 1955?]. £225

SECOND SPANISH EDITION? 8vo, pp. [iv], 206, [1] index, [1] imprint; some minor foxing in places; uncut in the original printed wraps, rather worn and chipped, but still a reasonable copy.

Uncommon Spanish translation of the Discours.

As far as we are aware the first Spanish translation, by I. López Lapuya, appeared in 1886. We have been unable to date the present edition, but it seems likely that it was published during the 1950’s, perhaps to coincide with the anniversary of the publishing of the first edition of 1755.

OCLC records four copies, at the National Library of Chile, Alicante, Texas Austin and the Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez in Mexico; see Dufour 55 for first edition.

34. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. PRINCIPES DU DROIT POLITIQUE. [HALF-TITLE:] DU CONTRACT SOCIAL. Par J.J. Rousseau, Citoyen de Geneve … A Amsterdam, chez Marc Michel Rey. 1762. £ 10,500

FIRST EDITION, SECOND ISSUE. 8vo, pp. [iv], viii, 323, [1] advertisement; engraved vignette on title; apart from a few minor marks, a clean copy throughout; bound in contemporary mottled calf, spine decoratively tooled in gilt with morocco label lettered in gilt, some minor rubbing but not detracting from this being a handsome copy of this now uncommon early issue. First edition, second issue (Dufour, Type B) of the Social Contract, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s blueprint of radical protest in modern society.

The Contract Social remains Rousseau’s greatest work. ‘It had the most profound influence on the political thinking of the generation following its publication. It was, after all, the first great ‘emotional’ plea for the equality of all men in the state: others had argued the same theoretically, but had themselves tolerated a very different government. Rousseau believed passionately in what he wrote, and when in 1789 a similar emotion was released on a national scale, the Contract Social came into its own as the bible of the revolutionaries in building their ideal state’ (PMM 207). In practice his attempts to balance volonté de tous and volonté générale could result only in anarchy, nevertheless his fundamental thesis that government depends absolutely on the mandate of the people, and his genuine creative insight into the political and economic problems of society gives his work an indisputable cogency.

‘No one so forcibly as Rousseau had socialised the status of the individual, democratised the sphere of the sovereign power, and emphasised the notion of national property in land’ (Palgrave).

Our copy of the Contract Social conforms to Dufour’s Type B issue, with the title-page having the vignette of Liberty seated and the contentious section on marriage in the second corrected state. The publishing history of the Contract Social is a complicated one. When the press was set up and the first copies already printed, Rousseau received a proof of the title-page which he disliked. He had also decided to tone down his note on marriage where he criticised the monopoly of the Catholic clergy. He therefore instructed his publisher, Rey, to change the title-page and the final section.

Printing and the Mind of Man 207; Tchemerzine V 543; see Leigh, Unsolved Problems in the Bibliography of J.-J. Rousseau, Cambridge, 1990.

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35. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. PRINCIPES DU DROIT POLITIQUE. [HALF-TITLE:] DU CONTRACT SOCIAL. Par J.J. Rousseau, Citoyen de Geneve … A Amsterdam, chez Marc Michel Rey. 1762. [Together with:] ÉMILE, OU DE L’ÉDUCATION. The Hague, Jean Néaulme [i.e. Paris, Nicolas-Bonaventure Duchesne], 1762. [Together with:] OEUVRES DE ROUSSEAU DE GENEVE. Nouvelle Edition revue, corrigée, & augmentée de plusieurs morceaux qui n’avoient point encore paru. Tome I [-V]. Neuchatel, 1764. [Together with:] ESPRIT, MAXIMES, ET PRINCIPES de M. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, de Genéve. Neuchatel, Libraires Associés, 1764. [Together with :] LA NOUVELLE HELOISE, ou Lettres de deux amans, habitans d’une petite ville au pied des Alpes ; Nouvelle Edition, revue, corrigée, & augmentée de Figures en taille douce, & d’une table des Matieres. Tome I [-III]. A Neuchatel, et se trouve a Paris, chez Duchesne, MDCCLXIV [1764] [Together with:] LETTRES ECRITES DE LA MONTAGNE. Premiere [-Seconde] Partie. Amsterdam, Marc Michel Rey, 1764. £ 18,500

Seventeen volumes, vol XV ‘Contract Social’, 8vo, pp. [iv], viii, 323, [1] advertisement, engraved title vignette with the figure of Liberty seated; vols VI - IX Émile, 8vo, pp. [2], viii, [2] explication des figures, 466, [4] privilege, [1] errata, [1] blank, with engraved frontispiece and one plate bound after ‘livre I’; engraved frontispiece, [iv], 407; engraved frontispiece, pp. [iv], 384, some spotting & dampstaining in last section; engraved frontispiece, pp. [iv], 455, some spotting to last two pages, else fine; vols I - V, engraved frontispiece, pp. [iv], vi, 5-421; engraved frontispiece, pp. [ii], 447; engraved frontispiece, pp. [ii], xlvii, [48]-384; engraved frontispiece, pp. [iv], xvii, [18]-406, [1] contents, [1] blank - with half title; engraved frontispiece, pp. [iv], 288, cxliii, [1] errata; vols X - XIII: La Nouvelle Heloise, first Paris edition, engraved frontispiece, pp. [iv], 408, with two engraved plates; [iv], 405 with plates 3-6; [iv], 432, with plates 7-9; [iv] 382, with plates 10-12; vol. XIV Esprit, Maximes, et Principes de J.J. Neuchatel, Libraires Associes, 1764. Senelier 1739 8vo, engraved portrait, pp. xxiv, [25]-464; vols. XVI - XVII Lettres écrites de la Montagne. First edition. 8vo, pp. [viii], [i] advertisement du libraire, [i], 334; 8vo, pp. [ii], 226, [2] catalogue des livres, [2] errata, [231]-395,

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[5] contents, signatures bb, cc and dd browned, due to paper stock; uniformly bound in contemporary marbled calf, spines gilt in compartments, with two gilt-lettered lettering and numbering pieces; sides with triple gilt filets; some surface abrasions and short worm traces to joints; overall an attractive set in good condition.

First edition of two of Rousseau’s most important works, the Contract Social and Émile, uniformly bound in a set together with some of his other works, clearly put together by an early reader.

First edition, second issue, of the Contract Social, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s most important political work, which influenced both the American and the French Revolution.

First edition of Émile, arguably Rousseau’s best-known work. The publication history of the book was complex. This is the first 8vo edition, which though printed second, was actually published and distribued first. (see McEachern, pp. 16-7).

First Paris edition of La Nouvelle Heloise, three years after the first Rey edition.

First edition of the Lettres écrites de la Montagne, written while Rousseau was in exile in Switzerland. They were a response to the attack by the procurator-general Tronchin in his ‘Lettres de la campagne’. This work, which contains autobiographical elements later further developed in the Confessions, written 1764-70), showed Rousseau’s allegiance to the cause of the ordinary citizens of Geneva in their struggles against the political elite. It was condemend by the parlement in 1765. (Dufour I, 232; Tchemerzine V, 550 - both bibliographies call for an added errata leaf not present here).

I. Contract Social: Dufour 133; Printing and the Mind of Man 207; Sénelier, Bibliographie Rousseau 554; Tchemerzine V 543; see Leigh, Unsolved Problems in the Bibliography of J.-J. Rousseau, Cambridge, 1990. II. Émile: Dufour 1925; McEachern 1 A; Tchemerzine V, 545.

See Illustration on back cover.

36. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. DU CONTRAT SOCIAL; ou Principes du Droit Politique. Nouvelle Edition. A Paris, chez Volland, Libraire … 1791. £ 200

8vo, pp. [iv], 216; some marking in places, and a few pencilled marginal annotations, but generally clean and fresh; in contemporary sheep, spine and boards ruled in gilt, with skiver label lettered in gilt on spine; some wear to joints.

Uncommon edition, one of several printed in Paris in 1791, of Rousseau’s Social Contract. Volland had also published, the previous year, a four volume works edition of Rousseau, in Geneva and Paris.

See Leigh, Unsolved Problems in the Bibliography of J.-J. Rousseau, Cambridge, 1990; OCLC records two copies outside Continental Europe, at Dumbarton Oaks and Cambridge.

37. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. DEL CONTRATTO SOCIALE, o Principj del diritto Politico. Di J.J. Rousseau, Cittadino di Ginevra, Tradotto dal Francese da G. Mennini, Romano …. A Parigi, nella Stamperia di F. Honnert, strada Colombier, No. 1160. MDCCXCVI [1796]. £ 3,000

FIRST EDITION IN ITALIAN. 12mo, pp. x, [i] blank, 237, [1] blank; apart from some light foxing in places, a clean copy throughout; in contemporary vellum, spine with morocco label lettered in gilt, minor worming to rear joint, upper board with the word ‘Proibito’ written in ink in a contemporary hand (see illustration on inside back cover), vellum lightly dust-soiled, but not detracting from this being a very desirable copy.

Very rare first Italian translation (by G. Mennini) of Rousseau’s greatest work, Du Contract Social.

We have been unable to find any further information on the translator, G. Mennini, although this would seem to be his only published work. In 1797 the second Italian edition appeared, translated by Celestino Massucco (1748-1830). This translation is also rare, though found more frequently on the market.

Dufour 166; OCLC records just two copies in North America, at the University of Toronto and McGill.

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38. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. EL CONTRATO SOCIAL, ‘o principios del derecho politico. Segunda edicion. Londres, Ano de 1799. £ 1,850

FIRST EDITION IN SPANISH. 12mo, pp. xvi, 332; a very minor light waterstain just visible in a couple of places, otherwise a clean and fresh copy throughout; in contemporary mottled Spanish sheep, rebacked with the remains of the original gilt spine laid down; a very desirable copy.

Very rare first Spanish translation of Rousseau’s greatest work, Du Contract Social, most likely printed in France. In the preface, the editor Alonso Arango y Sierra, (1753-1827) explains the purpose of the Spanish version. Rousseau’s text, and its dissemintation by Price, Payne, Sieyès, and Franklin, is a tool in the liberation of society from ‘civil and religious despotism’ (p. x), and questions ‘the institution of nobility and the privileges classes’ (p. viii). The preface breathes radical anti-clericalism and almost hatred of Spanish society, enslaved by feudalism and the Inquisition. The oppressors, the nobility, exert a civil war on the lower classes, which results in a fragmented society, ruled by naked egotism. ‘I trust that my compatriots will dedicate themselves to studying them [the texts], not fearing death in order to defend them, and succeed in shaking off the yoke under which they groan with oppression! This is the Translator’s sole intention and desire,’ Arango y Sierra explains at the end of the preface.

We have been able to identify the translator as José Marchena Ruiz de Cueto (1768-1821). He was an enlightened Spanish priest, politician, essayist, journalist and writer, who, during the French Revolution participated in the uphealals in Paris, before being imprisoned by Robespierre. He is one of the most influential translators of French texts into Spanish.

Palau 27596; not in Dufour, but see 183; OCLC records four copies, at Texas, UC Bancroft, the Danish National Library and Cambridge.

39. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. CONTRATO SOCIAL ou Principios de direito politico, de J.-J. Rousseau. Por B.-L. Vianna. Paris, na officina de firmino Didot. 1821. £ 1,850

FIRST PORTUGUESE EDITION. 12mo, pp. 325, [1] blank, [v] contents, [i] blank, [1] errata, [1] blank; some light foxing in places but generally clean and fresh; in contemporary sheep, spine gilt with morocco label lettered in gilt; some wear to boards, but still a good copy.

First edition in Portuguese (another edition appeared in Lisbon in the same year) of Rousseau’s Social Contract, translated by the Portuguese philosopher, writer, and editor Bento Luis Vianna.

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Vianna was best known as a poet, writing under the pseudonym of Filinto Insulano. He was born in Sao Miguel in 1794, and died in exile in London in 1823; his collected poems appeared in the same year as the present translation, and sing of Liberty and the “divine Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu”. This translation, and the Lisbon one of the same year, were the only Portuguese versions of the Social Contract until 1966.

Dufour 182; OCLC records two copies, at the Institut et Musée Voltaire and the Bibliothèque Nationale.

40. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. IL CONTRATTO SOCIALE di G.G. Rousseau. Italia [ie. Pinerolo, tipografia di Giuseppe Lobetti-Bodoni], 1850. £ 185

8vo, pp. [ii], 250, [1] imprint, [1] blank; with half-title tipped in, with later ownership signature at foot; lightly browned in places due to paper stock, otherwise a very good copy throughout; bound in later green cloth, spine lettered in gilt, joints split (but binding holding firm), corners rubbed and with surface wear to cloth.

Scarce provincial printing (printed in Pinerolo) of this Italian translation of Rousseau’s greatest work, Du Contract Social.

OCLC records copies at UCLA, Harvard and Bibliothèque de Geneve only; not in Dufour.

41. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. OM SAMFUNNSPAKTEN eller Statsrettens grunnsetninger … Oslo, Dreyers Forlag. [1958]. £ 350

FIRST NORWEGIAN EDITION. 8vo, pp. 171, [1] blank; a clean fresh copy in the original publisher’s cloth backed boards, spine lettered in gilt and complete with the original printed dustwrapper in near fine condition.

Uncommon Norwegian translation (by Haakon Hofgaard Halvorsen) of Du Contract Social.

No copies recorded outside Scandinavia and Switzerland by OCLC.

42. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. LE CITOYEN, OU DISCOURS SUR L’ECONOMIE POLITIQUE. Geneva, 1765. £ 550

12mo, pp. 83, [1] blank; some occasional light spots, paper flaw to lower margin of c1-2, pale-brown traces of burn marks in upper margin of last quire, far from text; a good copy, uncut in contemporary boards, paper label on spine; lower board with burn marks at top.

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The last separate edition to appear during Rousseau’s lifetime, and the first to be published in Geneva after the appearance of the Contrat social. Rousseau’s reflections on ‘political economy’ had originally appeared as an article in the Encyclopédie, entitled ‘Economie (morale et politique)’. The title Discours sur l’economie politique first appeared in the Geneva separate edition of 1758. Despite its having been published without the author’s permission, Rousseau approved of the new title, and adopted it thereafter. This edition textually follows that of 1758 verbatim.

The object of a relative recent re-evaluation following almost two centuries of academic neglect and critical ‘embarrassment’ (B. Bernardi), the Economie politique has been acknowledged as a foundational text, and has been identified as the first formulation of the two essential notions in Rousseau’s political thought: the concept of volonté générale, and the distinction between sovereignty and government. The central philosophical problem in Rousseau’s thought is the development of a detachment from the individuals’ volontés particulières towards the achievement of a ‘general will’. Such development must at all times wholly preserve the individual’s freedom, integral part of his humanity, the necessary condition for moral responsibility and choice. Rousseau’s volonté générale is not a force naturally acting in the world according to the divine plan, the Jansenist’s general will, nor a universal moral law inevitably engraved in man’s mind, the Kantian will. It is instead a non-natural human achievement which, through education, perfects man’s freedom while subsuming man into a community. Rousseau’s quest, as he writes in the Economie politique, is that for a form of non-authoritarian education that will lift men above their amour propre towards a better self-fulfilment, and make men what they ought to be (pp. 42-48).

See P. Riley, “Rousseau’s general will: freedom of a particular kind”, in R. Wokler (ed.), Rousseau and liberty, Manchester, University Press, 1995, pp. 1-28.

43. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. PETITS CHEFS-D’OEUVRE DE J.J. ROUSSEAU … Paris, librairie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1846. £ 250

FIRST EDITION THUS. 12mo, [iv], 533; with engraved portrait of the author; apart from some minor light foxing in places, a clean copy throughout; contemporary calf backed mottled boards, spine lettered and tooled in gilt, joints and corners rubbed, but still a handsome and appealing copy.

Scarce Didot printing, and first edition thus of this collection of Rousseau’s works, including Discours sur l’inégalité parmi les hommes; Du contrat social; lettre A. M. Philopolis; Jugement sur le projet de paix perpétuelle de L’Abbé de St. Pierre; Lettre A. M. de Beaumont sur son mandment; Lettre a D’Alembert sur les spectacles Quatre lettres a M. de Malesherbes; Le Lévite D’Ephraim and his prize winning essay Discours couronné par L’Académie de Dijon written in response to the Dijon prize question for 1750: Has the progress of the sciences and arts contributed to the purification of morals.

OCLC records two copies in North America, at Fordham and New York Public Library, with further copies in Europe at Berlin, Tubingen, Radboud and the Swiss National Library.

43 Rousseau

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2. Reactions to Rousseau

44. PILE, Abbé. LETTRE A M. JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU, citoyen de Genève, à l’occasion de son ouvrage intitulé: Discours sur l’origine et les fondements de l’inégalité parmi les hommes … A Westminster. 1755. [bound after:] [LANDON, Joseph]. LETTRES SIAMOISES, ou le Siamois en Europe. [n.p.] 1751. £ 1,350

FIRST EDITIONS. Two works bound in one, 12mo, pp. 75, [1] blank; [ii], vi, 158; with attractive engraved vignette in second work; apart from a few minor marks, a clean copy throughout; in contemporary mottled calf, spine tooled in gilt with contrasting green and brown paste paper labels lettered in gilt, light rubbing, but still a very appealing copy; with contemporary engraved bookplate ‘Ex Libris de la Villeneuve’ on front pastedown.

First edition of this virulent conservative response to Rousseau’s Discours, by the Saint Germain le Vieux priest Pile.

Pile’s attitude to Rousseau’s approach can be guessed at from his preface, where he notes that one might regard the Discours as “le dernier effort de l’Enfer”. Pile is clearly of the opinion that inequality is not merely a necessary evil but a good (indeed, “the manifestation of the mystery of inequality is one of the fruits of the victory which Jesus Christ had won over the forces of Hell”).

Bound with Pile’s letter is the first edition of Joseph Landon’s Lettres siamoises, which draws heavily on the style and structure of Montesquieu’s Lettres persanes, as well as on the anonymous L’Espion Turc. The volume carries the book-plate of the house of Villeneuve; it is reasonable to assume that it may have been the copy of the utopian writer Daniel Jost de Villeneuve.

I. Conlon 62; OCLC records one copy in North America, at the Newberry Library, and only four in Europe (two in Switzerland and one each in Germany and France); II. OCLC records six copies in North America, at Yale, Michigan, Princeton, Wisconsin Madison, Simpson University and the Newberry Library.

45. [OURSEL, Jean-Henri]. REFLEXIONS SUR L’HOMME, ou Examen raisonné du discours de J. J. Rousseau, sur l’origine et les fondemens de l’inégalité parmi les hommes. Par M. Jean-Henry Le Rous, Conseiller du Roi de France … A Geneve. 1758. £ 850

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FIRST EDITION. 12mo, pp. vii, [i], 160; some foxing throughout; attractively bound in contemporary sprinkled calf; boards decorated in blind, spine in compartments with lettering-piece lettered in gilt; spine chipped at head, but still a good copy.

First edition of this response to Rousseau’s Discours, by Jean-Henri Oursel.

Oursel (1725-1814) was a prosecutor at Dieppe, and sets out his stall immediately in the preface: “It is not just my own cause that I aim to defend against M. Rousseau of Geneva, but that of the whole human race. … The desire to be singular was the whole aim of his Discours; the love of truth and of my peers has been the only guide to my reflections.” His response follows Rousseau’s text closely, agreeing with aspects (for example, with Rousseau’s assertion that the faculty that distinguishes man from the beasts is that of self-improvement), but even then drawing different conclusions. He argues that the unfortunate man is usually the author of his own misfortune: “qu’il cesse d’etre coupable, il cessera d’etre malheureux”.

OCLC records copies at the National Libraries of Sweden, Denmark & France, with two further copies at Lille & the Bibliothek Erlangen-Nurnberg.

46. BEAUCLAIR, Paul Louis de. ANTI-CONTRACT SOCIAL, dans le quel on réfute, d’une manière claire, utile & agréable, les principes posés dans le contract-social de J.J. Rousseau … A La Haye, Chez Frederic Staatman, Libraire sur le Kalvermarkt, vis-à-vis le Marechal de Turenne. 1764. £ 450

FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. [iv], xii, iv, 5-271, [1] blank; clean and crisp throughout; in contemporary calf, spine gilt with morocco label lettered in gilt; a very good copy.

First edition of one of the earliest and most perceptive responses to Rousseau’s Social Contract, by P.L. de Beauclair (1735-1804), which appeared two years after the publication of Rousseau’s work.

Beauclair follows the structure of Rousseau’s work chapter by chapter, in each case responding in depth to Rousseau’s arguments with counterarguments almost entirely based on Lockeian orthodoxy, albeit with a nod to Voltaire in the final chapter (on civil religion). In common with many of his contemporaries, Beauclair saw the Social Contract as espousing an unfettered individualism, and the bulk of his response is concerned with a defence of the rights and duties of Government (in particular, monarchical government) over those of the individual. However, “when he comes to the crucial chapters—those on the Contract and the Civil State—he displays an unwonted flash of insight. He realises that he is face to face with an extreme form of collectivism. He fastens, with holy horror, upon Rousseau’s contention that man’s moral life is the creation of the civil state, and complains that this is to reduce justice and all the other virtues to matters of mere ‘convention and caprice’. Considering how blind successive generations of readers have been to the bearing of these chapters, it is a sign of grace that Beauclair should have recognised their importance; that his criticism, however blundering, should at least have been aimed at what, in the speculative sense, is the corner-stone of the whole argument… It is a depressing tribute to the dulness of Rousseau’s critics that, in virtue of a single flash, Beauclair must be reckoned one-eyed among the blind” (C.E. Vaughan, “Introduction” to The Political Writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, CUP, 1915).

The present copy is bound together with a copy of Rousseau’s Du Contract Social (1762), evidently published as part of the Oeuvres Diverses de J.J. Rousseau, ‘Tome Troisième’, as stated on the half-title.

47. WEISSENBACH, Joseph Anton. UND WIE LANG, MEINE HERREN! wird der Staat die Religion noch überleben? [No place], 1792. £ 350

FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. [xvi], 324, [4] errata; apart from very few minor spots a fine copy in the original interim boards; a little spotted.

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First and only edition of this curious treatise on the relationship between religion and civic society and the various forms of government, as well as the ways in which such a relationship can best be positioned so as to maximise the happiness of the people, by the Swiss historian and sometime Jesuit Joseph Anton Weissenbach (1734-1801).

Heavily influenced by the French revolution and subsequent events, where Weissenbach observed much talk of the rights of man, and greater abuses of those rights than ever before, the work is divided into three parts and an appendix. Weissenbach discusses the role of law and state institutions, the position of regents, the relation of religion and the state, and its various aspects (including the attitude the state should have towards “false religion”), and how both religion and the state should treat “berühmte Freygeister”. Weissenbach discusses the thoughts of Rousseau, Voltaire, Bolingbroke, Bayle, and Hobbes, among many others, providing a useful bibliography at the beginning of his work.

Sommervogel VIII, p. 1047, 56; OCLC locates a single copy only, at the Swiss National Library.

48. [ENGEL, Johann Michael]. UEBER DIE GRUNDSAETZE DER FREIHEIT UND GLEICHHEIT. Zwei Abhandlungen nebst einem Anhange ueber den Einfluss der Ideale auf das menschliche Leben. Frankfurt am Main, in der Andreaeischen Buchhandlung, 1794. £ 850

FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. xxiv, 208; clean and fresh throughout, with contemporary ownership signature on title page; contemporary half vellum over blue marbled boards; rebacked with black morocco label lettered in gilt; small portion fron front fly-leaf cut away; a good copy.

First edition of this uncommon treatise on the basis of liberty and equality, by the philosopher and civil servant Johann Michael Engel (1755-1813).

Having observed how the hopes of the people instigated by the early phases of the French Revolution had turned into streams of blood and the dictatorship of the Jacobin Club, Engel examines what conditions lasting freedom and equality really require, asking whether it was the principles of the French Revolution that led to the present situation, or whether lack of reason and passions distort these principles. Engel then discusses what is freedom and whether it can only exist under a constitution guaranteeing direct democracy. Frequently referring to Rousseau’s Contrat social he concludes that ‘the democratic constitution is suitable for small peoples who live of agriculture and war, with a simply structured, state and where virtue determines the customs’ (p. 42).

Representative democracy, which mediates elements of aristocracy and direct democracy, seems to be suitable for larger nations, guaranteeing that the wisest and best are put in charge, and that the representatives are ‘sent back into private life after a short period’ (p. 45). Engel is generally sceptical about all attempts to engineer happiness and tends towards a concept of enlightenend absolutism, despite all its flaws.

OCLC locates only three copies, in Jena, Göttingen and in the Bibliothèque Nationale.

49. [ANON]. APPEL AUX PRINCIPES. Par J. M. D. M. Paris, Maret, An III [1794 or 1795]. £ 585

FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. 144; paper flaw to D4 resulting in a minute hole with loss of one letter to each side, and closed marginal tear to the same leaf, else a very good copy, uncut in the original drab wrappers.

First and only edition, uncommon, of a thorough endorsement of the Thermidorian Reaction, marking the political demise and immediate execution of Maximilien Robespierre and the end of the Reign of Terror.

Individual liberties are at the heart of this tract, which begins by presenting itself as the follow-up to Rousseau’s Contrat social. ‘Sovereignty belongs to the people’ is the principle which the anonymous author believes needs reaffirming in the aftermath of the most radical phase of the French Revolution. Betrayed by leaders who had effectively opted for tyranny in its name, the people of France was to re-establish the primacy of the law over governments. A new Constitution was to be born, informed by libertarian principles. The usurpers of sovereign authority were rebels, traitors, who, guilty of the basest crime against their nation, deserved capital punishment. The tract sets out the philosophical and political grounding of the mission of the

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Convention and conveys the terms of the political discourse that prevailed until power was handed to the Directory.

Saricks 92.

50. ESCHERNY, François-Louis comte d’. DE L’EGALITE, ou Principes généraux sur les institutions civiles, politiques et religieuses. Précédé de l’éloge de J.J. Rousseau, en forme d’introduction … Tome Premier [-Seconde]. A Basle, chez J. Decker, Libraire. 1796. £ 585

FIRST EDITION. Two volumes, 8vo, pp. [iv], viii, cvi, 330; [iv], 550, [2]; apart from a few minor marks, a clean copy throughout; with unusual near contemporary Japanese? ownership stamp at foot of each title; a handsome copy in contemporary mottled calf, spines tooled in gilt with red morocco labels lettered and numbered in gilt.

Rare first edition of this substantial study of political and religious equality, by Rousseau’s friend François-Louis Escherny (1733-1815).

Escherny offers, in place of an introduction, a lengthy eulogy for Rousseau, before examining, in the light of the French Revolution, the nature and desirability of civil equality. Although he had been, up to 1789, broadly in favour of the notion of equality, it was, as he says in the introduction, a philosophical equality: a nation of liberal, educated noblemen, artists, merchants, and the like. What the Revolution brought about, however, was a striving for an absolute equality, which seemed to Escherny, as to many others, to be a race not to the top but to the bottom.

Escherny met Rousseau at the wedding of Isabelle d’Ivernois, and they became friends, singing duets and walking in the hills together, as recounted in his memoirs. His attempts to reconcile Rousseau with Diderot proved unsuccessful.

OCLC records just one copy in North America of this issue, at the Newberry Library; of the Paris edition published in the same year OCLC records copies at Cambridge, Yale, Toronto and Washington University.

See illustration on inside back cover.

51. HAEFFELIN, Kasimir Johann Baptist Freiherr von. WORIN BESTEHT DIE WAHRE VOLKSAUFKLÄRUNG? Eine akademische Rede, in welcher das ächte Verhältnis der Wissenschaften gegen die Staatsverwaltung, und jenes der Staatsverwaltung gegen die Wissenschaften aus historische Gründen dargethan wird. An Sr. Churfürstlichen Durchlaucht &c. &c. Namensfest Abgelesen in einer öffentlichen Versammlung der churbairischen Akademie … München, Joseph Lindauer, 1799. £ 850

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FIRST EDITION. 4to, pp. 28; clean and fresh in contemporary full goat or sheep, covers with gilt-stamped ornamental border, large Bavarian coat-of-arms on front cover; traces of worming.

Only edition of this rare public lecture on the relationship between state administration and the sciences, with the title What is the true Enlightenment for the People?.

Haeffelin (1737-1827) was an influential Bavarian church politician, diplomat, advocate of the enlightenment and supporter of febronian reforms. He opens with an attack on Rousseau’s view that sciences and arts could have a detrimental effect on society and the the state. ‘This deep-thinking eccentric … has created such an erroneous concept of the sciences and arts that he regards them to be the primal source of all evil of the enlightenment and erudition’ (translated from p. 3). The work goes on to denounce what the author calls ‘superficial enlightenment’ as libertinage and disrespect for the laws of nature and moral laws, furthered by Rousseauean ideas of the noble savage. Enlightened legislation, he argues, needs the sciences, the only means of bringing light into the world.

OCLC locates only two copies, in the Sächsische Landesbibliothek and one in Munich.

See illustration on inside back cover.

52. [THOREL, Jean-Baptiste, sometimes ascribed to and FRANÇA GALVÃO, Joaquim de Sancto Aghostinho Brito, translator]. A VOZ DA NATUREZA SOBRE A ORIGEM DOS GOVERNOS. Tratado em dous volumes. Traduzido da Segunda edicao Franceza. Publicada em Londres em 1809. Lisbon, na Impressão Regia, 1814. £ 350

Two volumes, 8vo, pp. [iii]-xvi, ix, 401, [3, blank], [2, errata]; xvi, xiv, 368, [2, errata-leaf), volume I bound without half-title; both title a bit fingerspotted in lower outer corners and with contemporary ownership inscriptions, a little light spotting here and there; contemporary calf-backed red boards, spines lettered and richly ornamented in gilt; one hinge sprung, a little worn.

The Voice of Nature on the Origin of Government was first published in French in Vienna in 1807 (we could not trace a single copy) and two years later in London in 1809 under the much more revealing title La voix de la nature sur l’origine des gouvernemens ; traité en deux volumes, dans lequel on développe l’origine des sociétés, des inégalités, des propriétés, des autorites, des souverainetés, des corps civils, des lois, des constitutions; les variations des corps civils; tout ce qui concerne les souverains actuels, les conquérans, les usurpateurs, &c. et généralement toutes les questions de droit naturel, politique et civil qui intéressent les gouvernemens. This work on the legitimacy of political power, constitutions and legal systems ‘had a considerable sale on the continent; but one of the articles it contains, entitled the Ursurper, has so much displeased the French government, that it has been rigorously prohibited’ commented an English reviewer in The New Annual Register of 1810. The translator França Galvão (1767-1845) was a discalced Augustine cleric and a member of the Portuguese Academy of Sciences, who wrote antiquarian books, on Portuguese history and on the philosophy of law.

The book is a controversial discussion of ‘people power’; as the author, who ever he might have been, ponders whether the social order is created by the people or conventions, discusses the foundations of authority and equality, and attacks throughout the book in long explicit passages Rousseau’s idea of the social contract. There are long chapters on law, discussing ‘natural’ and civil authority, and the origins of laws and legal systems.

Innocencio IV, p. 57, 1427; OCLC locates a single copy in America, at Los Angeles Law Library. The French edition not in Barbier.

53. MALIPIERO, Troilo. IL TRIONFO DELLA VERITÀ nella difesa dei diritti del trono, ossia, Confutazione del “Contratto sociale” di G. Giacopo Rousseau. Opera politico-morale … Tomo [-Secondo]. Venezia, per Francesco Andreola … 1818. £ 550

FIRST EDITION THUS Two volumes bound in one, 8vo, pp. xlviii, 172; 239, [1] blank; a clean crisp copy throughout; in contemporary vellum backed marbled boards, spine with black label lettered in gilt, vellum lightly dust-soiled, boards alittle rubbed, but still a very appealing copy.

First edition under this title of this uncommon attack on Rousseau’s Social Contract, by the Venetian philosopher and writer Troilo Malipiero (1770-1829).

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First published in 1801 under the title Trionfo della ragione, and here revised and retitled, the work argues that the best way of ensuring the happiness of the people and the stability of society is not a Rousseauean social contract, but rather a strong monarchy: enlightened despotism rather than democracy. Malipiero’s work throughout takes the form of a commentary on Rousseau’s text, which is largely reproduced,

Malipiero was the author of a number of works on philosophy, mathematics, and politics. Many of the ideas to be found in the present work were sketched in his first political work, La felicità della nazione realizzata dal politico e dal sovrano of 1798.

OCLC records two copies, at Neuchatel and the Swiss National Library.

54. TARDIANI, Scipione. ESAME ANALITICO DEL CONTRATTO SOCIALE di G.G. Rousseau. Primo [-Secondo]. Lucca, dalla Tipografia Benedini e Rocchi, 1819. £ 550

FIRST EDITION. Two volumes, 8vo, pp. xxxii, 256; 413, [1] blank; minor stain to foot of title in vol. I, otherwise a clean crisp copy throughout; uncut and almost entirely unopened in contemporary blue wraps, spine with some chipping and wraps lightly dust-soiled. but still a very appealing copy.

First and only edition of this detailed and systematic critique of Rousseau’s Social Contract, by Scipione Tardiani.

In common with many works on the Social Contract, Tardiani follows the structure of Rousseau’s work chapter by chapter, while making note of the fact that readers of the work had tended not to question the assumptions made by Rousseau, on which many of his conclusions were based, but rather just accept his assertions at face value; this failing, Tardiani feels, is shared both by politicians and other philosophers. He attempts, then, to analyse not only Rousseau’s conclusions but also his premises, dismantling Rousseau’s arguments line by line. He concludes his preface by advising the reader: “la verità e il disinganno devono formare il solo, e tutto il diletto di un saggio lettore. Io non gli dimando che due cose: sofferenza, ed indifferenza. Sofferenza riguardo a me; infidderenza per giudicare senza passione tra l’opera di Rousseau, e l’esame, che gli presento, in rapporto alla verità. Dopo che avrà letto, e bilanciato, giudichi fra di noi” (p. xxxii).

OCLC records three copies, at Harvard and McGill in North America, and Cambridge in the UK.

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55. MALIZIA, Bartolomeo. OPERE POSTUME di Bartolomeo Malizia, Professore di Sacra Teologia … Riflessioni sull’ Emilio e sul Contratto Sociale di Gian-Giacomo Rousseau. Napoli, dalla tipografia Flautina. 1822. £ 750

FIRST EDITION. Two volumes bound in one, 8vo, pp. xiii, [iii], 215, [1] blank; xxi, [iii], 192; foxed throughout due to paper stock; initialled, presumably by the publisher, on the verso of each title; in contemporary vellum.

First edition of this posthumous collection of works by the Neapolitan theologian Bartolomeo Malizia (1760-1822), the first volume of which consists of detailed studies of Rousseau’s Emile and Social Contract.

Malizia, noted as an Augustinian scholar, was essentially hostile to Rousseau’s approach, especially in his political writings. Noting that Rousseau (through the mouth of the Vicaire Savoyard) “vomits up poison” in his attack on revealed truth, and offers “l’orribile proposizione” that the moral good is but a chimera, and that the only good is what pleases the senses, Malizia attacks not only Rousseau but the entire notion of a social contract from Hobbes onwards, and by extension the whole enlightenment project.

The second volume contains a collection of “pensieri diversi”, on religious and philosophical themes, with further reflections on Voltaire, Rousseau, Descartes, Newton, and Spinoza.

ICCU records two copies in Italy, at the Biblioteca della Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, Milano, and the Biblioteca del Liceo classico Morelli, Vibo Valentia; not in OCLC.

56. MAMINI, Candido. CRITICA DEL CONTRATTO SOCIALE di G.G. Rousseau … Siena, tip. di Alessandro Moschini. 1868. £ 350

FIRST EDITION, PRESENTATION COPY. 8vo, pp. 75, [1] errata, [4]; very light minor foxing to text, otherwise clean throughout; stitched as issued in the original printed wraps, inscribed by the author at the head of the title.

First edition of this rare critical study of Rousseau’s Social Contract, by the Sienese philosopher Candido Mamini.

Mamini is best known for his works on aesthetics, but also wrote a work on the relationship of Darwinisim and religion. In the present work, he offers a commentary on the Social Contract, describing the development of the principle and its intrinsic value. He then goes on to propose, and address, a number of possible objections to Rousseau’s ideas; his conclusions, while acknowledging some of the difficulties in the notion of the social contract, are broadly sympathetic to Rousseau.

Not in OCLC or ICCU.

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57. KRÖMER, Emil Joseph. DER STAATS-VERTRAG. Eine philosophische Abhandlung unter Zugrundlegung des Rousseau’schen Contrat Social … Leipzig, druck von Thiele & Freese. [1874].£ 175

FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. vi, 33, [1]; lightly browned throughout, due to paper stock; backed in green paper, as issued.

Scarce work on the fundamental principles underlying Rousseau’s Social Contract, presented to the philosophy faculty at Leipzig.

Krömer, after an introduction sketching the place occupied by Rousseau’s work in the history of literature, discusses the roles of freedom and equality in the Social Contract, before offering a critical account of Rousseau’s thought, noting errors in his concepts of the right, the highest good, freedom, and the state. He then goes on to examine the role played by the Social Contract, and by Rousseau’s thought more generally, in the French Revolution.

OCLC records two copies in North America, at Toronto and Illinois.

58. FICKERT, Artur. MONTESQUIEUS UND ROUSSEAUS EINFLUSS AUF DEN VORMÄRZLICHEN LIBERALISMUS BADENS Inaugural-Dissertation … Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig, 1913. £ 185

DISSERTATION. 8vo, pp. viii, 112, [2]; small library stamp to title, title and last leaf lightly dust-soiled; stapled and paper backed, as issued, backing lightly chipped and dust-soiled, but still a good copy.

Uncommon dissertation on the influence of Rousseau and Montesquieu on pre-revolutionary liberalism in Baden, presented to the philosophy faculty at Leipzig.

Fickert examines the legal writings of both philosophers, and the ways in which they prefigured some of the ideas of the French Revolution, before demonstrating the ways in which both 18th century thinkers influenced the liberalism of Karl von Rotteck, Karl Theodor Welcker, and Ludwig Winter, among others.

OCLC records four copies in North America, at Illinois, Pennsylvania and two at the University of California.

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IV. ROUSSEAU THE MAN

1. Rousseau on Rousseau

59. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques [?]. LE TESTAMENT DE JEAN JAQUES ROUSSEAU. [n.p., Paris?] 1771. £ 1,250

FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. 62; small typographic floral ornaments to either side of pagination; titlepage a little browned, traces of old faint waterstaining to pastedowns; uncut in the original plain publisher’s pasteboards, lightly rubbed, but still a very appealing copy.

First edition of this supposed literary testament, whose authorship remains unclear. Without giving reasons, both Dufour and Quérard state that it is definitely not the work of Rousseau; it was, however, republished in 1897 with an introduction by Oskar Schultz-Gora, who argues at length for its authenticity, while also suggesting a publication date of 1772.

Dufour p. 253; OCLC records two copies in North America, at Harvard & McGill; Sénelier 2296.

60. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. LES REVERIES DU PROMENEUR SOLITAIRE. A Geneve. 1782. £ 800

FIRST SEPARATE EDITION. 8vo, pp. [iv], 226; apart from some light dust-soiling and dog-earing in places, a clean copy throughout; incut and stitched as issued in the original blue publisher’s wraps, rebacked.

First separate edition of the last of Rousseau’s writings, one of several to appear in 1782.

The Rêveries du Promeneur Solitaire was written between 1776 and 1778, and is, like much of Rousseau’s late work, autobiographical in character, being of a piece with his Confessions. Consisting of ten “walks”, the work is at once a memoir and a set of philosophical reflections on the nature of man, in which Rousseau locates happiness in isolation, solitude, and contemplation, emphasising oneness with nature as being an essential compenent of contentment. The last of the ten walks remained uncompleted at Rousseau’s death.

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61 Rousseau

62 Rousseau

The Rêveries first appeared alongside the first part of the Confessions; the present edition is the first to appear separately.

Dufour 351; OCLC records four copies, at Toronto, Yale, Cambridge, and the Herzog August Bibliothek in Germany.

61. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. SELBSTGESPRÄCHE AUF EINSAMEN SPAZIERGÄNGEN. Ein Anhang zu den Bekenntnissen. Berlin, Johann Friedrich Unger, 1782. £ 750

FIRST GERMAN SEPARATE EDITION. 8vo, pp. 184, woodcut vignette on title and headpiece at the beginning of the text; apart from a few marks, a clean copy throughout; in contemporary half sheep over mottled boards, spine ruled in gilt with remains of original paste paper label lettered in gilt; an appealing copy.

An anonymous translation of the Rêveries du promeneur solitaire, the appendix to the Confessions, which had appeared the same year.

The German version is highly legible and fluently written. After finishing the confessions Rousseau keeps the reader about his ongoing self-reflections informed and analyzes his character. ‘The conclusion I can draw from all the deliberations is that I have never been suitable for the bourgeois life, where everything is compulsion, duty and indebtedness, and that my tendency towards independence disabled me to be humble, a quality so much required if one wants to live among mankind’ (translated from p. 111).

The present translation is by ‘Friederike Helene von Rottenburg, née 1751 à Berlin … femme du libraire et imprimeur Jean-Frederic-Gottlieb Unger (1753-1804) - Elle a aussi traduit les Confessions (Berlin, 1782)’ (Dufour’s note on front free endpaper).

Dufour 352 giving 183 pages; OCLC locates only two copies in America, at Illinois and Yale.

62. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. EINSAME SPAZIERGÄNGE. Sein letztes nachgelassenes Werk. München, bey Johann Baptist Strobl, 1783. £ 650

FIRST EDITION OF THIS TRANSLATION. 8vo, pp. 262, with frontispiece portrait of the author; some light spotting in places, otherwise a clean copy throughout; with ownership signature at head of title; contemporary half calf over boards, spine tooled in gilt with label lettered in gilt, corners rubbed and boards rather soiled, but still an appealing copy.

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Second German edition, and the first of this translation, of the Rêveries du promeneur solitaire, the appendix to the Confessions, which had appeared the previous year.

The present translator remains anonymous, but Dufour notes that it is from a different source from that of 1782, which he attributed, although not in his bibliography, to Freiderike Helene von Rottenburg. These were the only two German translations to appear of the work in the eighteenth century.

Dufour 353; OCLC locates two copies outside of Germany, at the Swiss National Library and Cambridge; no copies recorded in North America.

63. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. REFLEXIONES DE UN PASEANTE SOLITARIO Traducción de José A. Luengo. Prometeo, Sociedad editorial, Germanias, F.S. Valencia. [1910?]. £ 385

FIRST SPANISH TRANSLATION? 8vo, pp. 198; browned throughout due to paper stock, some notes in ink at the head of title and in margins; in contemporary cloth backed maroon boards, spine lettered and tooled in silver, boards lightly rubbed.

Rare Spanish translation, by José Luengo, of the Rêveries du promeneur solitaire, the appendix to the Confessions, which had appeared the same year. As far as we are aware, no earlier Spanish translations had appeared.

Luengo was a prolific translator, whose other translations into Spanish included works by Erasmus, Feydeau, Bertrand, and Goncourt.

See Dufour 350 for first appearance; OCLC records just one copy in North America, at Texas (Austin).

64 Rousseau

65 Rousseau

64. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. ISPOVIED! S illiustratsiiami Morisa Lelua, portretom Russo i Kritiko-biograficheskim ocherkom. Perevod s frantsuzkago pod. red. S.S. Trubacheva. S.-Peterburg, Tip. brat. Panteleevykh, 1901. £ 900

FIRST EDITION OF THIS RUSSIAN TRANSLATION. 8vo, pp. lxiv, 512; with portrait of Rousseau, and many illustrations throughout the text; light age toning throughout, due to paper stock; bound in the original brown blindstamped publisher’s cloth, upper board and spine lettered and tooled in gilt, but gilt rather rubbed, some other surface marks to cloth, but still not detracting from this being an appealing copy.

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Rare Russian translation of Rousseau’s Confessions, one of the key biographical works of the romantic period, and his Reveries du Promeneur Solitaire.

The first part of the Confessions, dealing with Rousseau’s childhood and early youth, was first published in Geneva in 1782; the second and final part was completed in 1789. It is the second part which deals with the most significant period of Rousseau’s life, from his arrival in Paris in 1742, through the most turbulent and productive years, to his departure for Switzerland in 1766 and his subsequent departure for England.

Not in Dufour; OCLC records three copies only, at the NYPL and Syracuse in North America, and Bern in Switzerland.

65. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. VALLOMÁSAIM. irta Rousseau J.J. Francziából fordította Bogdánfy Ödön. Elsö Resz [-Masodik]. Budapest: Franklin-Társulat … 1908. £ 650

FIRST HUNGARIAN TRANSLATION. Two volumes, 8vo, pp. 278, [1] index, [1] blank; 394, [1] index, [1] blank; light age toning throughout, due to paper stock; bound in contemporary half calf over snake skin effect boards, spine lettered in gilt, lightly rubbed, otherwise a very good copy.

Rare first Hungarian translation’s of Rousseau’s Confessions and Reveries du Promeneur Solitaire.

Not in Dufour; OCLC records two copies only, at the Institut et Musee Voltaire and the Swiss National Library.

2. Rousseau seen by others

66. [NORDENFLYCHT, Hedvig Charlotta]. WITTERHETS ARBETEN, UTGIFNE AF ET SAMHÄLLE I STOCKHOLM. [Including: FRUENTIMRETS FÖRSVAR, emot J.J. Rousseau medborgare i Geneve]. Andra uplagan, öfversedd och ansenligen tillökt. I-II. Stockholm, Kongl. tryckeriet, 1759 [-62]. £ 850

SECOND EDITION, REVISED. Two volumes bound in one, 8vo, pp. [xiv], iv, 230, [3]; [iv], 278, [4]; titlepages printed in red and black; corrections neatly written in ink and the errata leaf overcrossed; occasional minor soiling and dampstaining, and a small spot in the lower margin from p. 224 to the end; in early twentieth century half calf, spine richly gilt, red labels and sprinkled edges, spine and upper part of back board slightly faded, nevertheless, still an appealing copy.

Scarce revised second edition of Våra Försök which was published by Tankebyggarorden between 1753 and 1755. In this second edition, several famous poems of the period were published for the first time, including Creutz’s ‘Atis och Camilla’ and perhaps most interestingly of all, the poet Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht’s (1718-1763) anti-Rousseau work ‘Fruentimrets försvar’.

Nordernflycht was elected to the literary society the Tankarbyggarorden along with Gustav Philip Creutz and Gustaf Fredrik Gyllenborg. This society published an anthology of writings from their collaboration entitled Våra försök, which was revised and republished by the three poets in two volumes, under the present title Wittergetsarbeten (“Literary Works”) and represented one of the high points of the Swedish enlightenment. The present poem, entitled “Fruentimrets Försvar” (“A defence of the female sex”), is a direct, indignant response to Rousseau’s male chauvinism, alluding to Socrates, Helvetius, Sappho, Christina Eleonora of Denmark, Bayle, Catherine Cockburn, and the Marquise de Sevigné, and illustrates very well the spread of French enlightenment writings in Sweden in the mid-eighteenth century.

Nordenflycht might be called Sweden’s first feminist poet, and made her reputation with Den sörjande turturduvan in 1743, which ushered in “an uncompromising subjectivism previously unheard of in Swedish literature” (Encyclopedia Britannica).

OCLC records two copies in North America, at Harvard and Washington University, the only other copies known of the complete work seem to be in the National Library of Sweden.

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67. PALISSOT, Charles de Montenoy. LES PHILOSOPHES, Comedie, en trois actes, en vers. Representee pour la premiere fois par les Comedians Francais ordinaires du Roi, le 2 Mai 1760 … A Paris, Chez Duchesne, Libraire, rue S. Jacques, au dessous de la Fontaine S. Benoit, au Temple du Gout. 1760. [bound after:] [COYER, Gabriel Francois]. LA NOBLESSE MILITAIRE ET COMMERCANTE; en Reponse aux objections faites par l’Auteur de la Noblesse Militaire. Par M. l’Abbe de ***. A Amsterdam, et se trouve a Paris, chez Duchesne, LIbraire, rue S. Jacques, au-dessous de la Fontaine S. Benot, au Temple du Gout. 1756. [bound with:] [PALISSOT, Charles de Montenoy]. CONSEIL DE LANTERNES, ou la veritable vision de Charles Palissot, pour servir de post-scriptum a la comedie des filosofes. Aux Remparts. 1760. £ 300

EARLY ISSUE; LATER ISSUE; FIRST EDITION. Three works bound in one volume, 12mo, pp. 96; [iv], 91, 5; 24; minor foxing in places but still clean and crisp throughout; bound in contemporary sheep backed mottled boards, spine with red morocco label lettered in gilt, minor chip to head of spine and light rubbing to extremities; an very appealing copy.

An attractive and appealing copy of Charles Palissot’s satirical play Les Philosophes, published in the same year as the first edition.

‘In this effective farce, the ideals of the philosophes were portrayed as inimical to public order and morality, and Rousseau, Diderot, Helvetius, and Duclos were attacked personally. Rousseau, because of his primitivism, was depicted on the stage as walking upon all fours. Diderot was portrayed as an unscrupulous sharper, willing to use his vast knowledge of human nature to defraud innocent women, and in the midst of the Seven Year’s War was made to utter unpatriotic sentiments. D’Alembert escaped exposure, presumably because he had withdrawn from the Encyclopedia. Voltaire was also spared because Palissot genuinely respected his literary talents’ (Aldridge, p. 264).

It is interesting to note that Palissot, in the preface to the first edition of the work (although not present in our copy), affirms that he was on good terms with Voltaire. It is known that in sending Voltaire a copy he protested that his attacks had been directed exclusively against the abuse of philosophy, not against true philosophes like Voltaire. In reply, Voltaire granted that if certain authors had previously laughed at Palissot’s expense, Palissot had every right to laugh at theirs. However, he also wrote a number of letters to friends and supporters, objecting to Palissot’s exposing philosophers to ridicule on the stage in a manner in which Aristophanes had pilloried Socrates. Nevertheless, Voltaire and Palissot continued corresponding, even though it became evident that each man hoped to placate the other.

Also bound in the volume are two further appealing and rare works. The first (bound after Les Philosophes), also by Palissot, entitled Conseil de Lanternes, ou la veritable vision de Charles Palissot, pour servir de post-scriptum a la Comedie des Filosofes (1760) acts as a post-script to his original work and hits out at the ridicule he had received in the month since its publication. The second work, (bound before Les Philosophes) is a rare issue of Coyer’s La Noblesse Militaire et Commercante, which was a follow up to his popular work La Noblesse Commercante in which he believed the basis of wealth lay in an increase in population which would in turn lead to an increase in agriculture and trade.

I. Conlon 139, issue with the spelling ‘Français’ in title. This issue not recorded in OCLC or NUC which both record only an issue with 156 pages. Upon examination of the BL copy we have been able to ascertain that our copy is the same work but in a smaller format; II. OCLC records just three copies of this issue, at Cornell, Pennsylvania and the Bodleian; III. OCLC records just four copies, at UCLA, Yale, Pennsylvania and the Bodleian.

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A Noblewoman’s Enlightenment Scrapbook

68. BARNEWITZ, Melousine Sophie de (née Comtesse de Schulenburg). MANUSCRIPT COMMONPLACE BOOK. Harburg, 1760. £ 1,750

MANUSCRIPT IN INK. 4to, pp. [ii], 77, [1] blank; written in a neat legible hand throughout; in contemporary mottled boards, some surface wear and chipping to spine, but still a very desirable item.

Fascinating manuscript commonplace book belonging to a noble lady, containing her musings on the most important books of the day, including Rousseau’s Julie, ou La Nouvelle Héloïse and Emile.

The volume contains nothing but lines taken from contemporary writings which had some resonance for de Barnewitz; from Julie, she seems taken with the notion that “l’occasion de faire des heureux est plus rare qu’on ne pense. Malheur à qui ne fqit pas sacrificier un jour de plaisir aux dévoirs de l’humanité”

Other works from which she draws include Bélisaire by Jean-François Marmontel, Dialogues socratiques, ou Entretiens sur divers sujets de morale by Jacob Vernet, L’Espion Chinois; ou, L’envoye secret de la cour de Pekin by Ange Goudar, Lettres d’une Peruvienne by Madame de Grafigny, and L’an deux mille quatre cent quarante by Louis-Sébastien Mercier.

Unfortunately we have been unable to find little information on Melousine Sophie de Barnewitz, née Comtesse de Schulenberg (1713-1803), other than she was living in Harburg in 1760. The present commonplace book bears witness to her being widely read, and evidently part of a wealthy family with access to a library of some of the key texts of the enlightenment.

69. LAMOIGNON DE MALESHERBES, Guillaume de. AUTOGRAPH LETTER SIGNED, to Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, praising him for the condemnation of “le livre du Sr. Rousseau” by the Parlement of Flanders, where Calonne occupied various positions before becoming comptroller-general of the finances of France. Versailles, le 28 juin 1762. £ 1,500

MANUSCRIPT IN INK. 4to, 4 pages, 1 with text, three blank.

Magnificent letter dealing with the condemnation of Rousseau’s recently published Emile.

Malesherbes writes to Calonne ‘J’ay reçu les deux exemplaires de l’Arrest du Parlement de Flandre qui condamne le livre du Sr Rousseau. Cet ouvrage à déjà été flétri par Arrest du Parlement de Paris, comme il mérite de l’être, et puisqu’il se distribuait dans vostre Province, vous avez très bien fait d’en requerir la condamnation’.

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On June 9, 1762 Rousseau’s work was condemned and forbidden by the Parlement de Paris. It is clear from this letter that the province of Flanders followed on June 28 the same year.

The author of this letter is the father of Lamoignon de Malesherbes, Guillaume de Lamoignon (1683-1772), chancellor of France from 1750 to 1768. The recipient is Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, at the time active in various positions in Artois and Douai in French Flanders, who later became comptroller-general of the finances of France. Under his ministry the first assembly of the Notables was convened.

70. LATOUR DE FRANQUEVILLE, Madame. PRÉCIS POUR M. J.J. ROUSSEAU, EN RÉPONSE A L’EXPOSÉ SUCCINCT DE M. HUME: Suivi d’une Lettre de Madame D*** a l’Auteur de la Justification de M. Rousseau. [n.p.] [Paris], 1767. [bound after:] [HUME, David]. EXPOSE SUCCINCT DE LA CONTESTATION qui s’est elevée entre M. Hume et M. Rousseau, avec les pieces justificatives. A Londres. 1766. [bound with:] GERDIL, Giacinto Sigismondo. REFLEXIONS SUR LA THEORIE & la pratique de l’éducation contre les principes de Mr. Rousseau. Par le P.G.B. Turin, Chez les Freres Reycends & Guibert, libraires …, 1763. £ 950

FIRST EDITIONS. Three works bound in one volume, 12mo, pp. [ii], 88, 31, [1] blank; xiv, 127, [1] blank; lightly foxed in places, but generally clean throughout, evidence of removal of work between second and third works, but binding unaffected; bound in contemporary mottled calf, spine gilt with black morocco label lettered in gilt, lightly rubbed, otherwise an attractive copy.

Appealing volume of three works relating to Rousseau, including two regarding the Hume-Rousseau debate.

I. First edition of this intriguing and rare contribution to the Hume-Rousseau conflict. In 1766 Hume had published his own account of the bitter controversy with Rousseau under the title Exposé Succinct. Mme Latour de Franqueville here takes issue with Hume’s decision to go public.

Barbier notes that this was later reprinted under the title of Observations in the Poinçot edition of Rousseau’s works.

II. First edition (first issue - without press figures, printed in Paris) of Hume’s own account of the bitter controversy with Rousseau, bound together with an intriguing and rare contribution to the Hume-Rousseau conflict by Madame Latour de Franqueville, in which she takes issue with Hume’s decision to go public.

The Exposé Succinct consists of the correspondence between Hume and Rousseau, with link passages of narrative written by Hume. The translator was J.B.A. Suard, who acted under the supervision of d’Alembert, and met with Hume’s approval. There were two Londres editions in 1766, the present being the genuine first edition, printed in Paris without press figures, the second (Chuo 78) being a genuine London imprint. An English translation was published in the same year, under Hume’s direction.

‘Rousseau had maligned [Hume] so deeply, and the city gossips had filled out the tale so apocryphally, that Hume was stung into adopting this method of clearing himself. His friends, both English and French, at first advised against publication, but soon d’Alembert and his circle changed their minds and urged it’ (Jessop p. 37).

Barbier notes, that the work of Mme Latour de Franqueville was later reprinted under the title of Observations in the Poinçot edition of Rousseau’s works.

III. First edition of Gerdil’s polemic in which he attacks Rousseau’s individualism, principles of education and the political ideas expressed in the Contrat social. In discussing education he occasionally refers to Locke’s theories of human understanding. Gerdil then gives an outline of his own concept of eduction, which is quite enlightened, despite its anti-Rousseauism. Rousseau judged the present work to be the only attack against his Émile worth reading ‘Voila l’unique écrit publié contre moi que j’ai trouvé digne d’être lu en entier.’

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The cardinal, philosopher and theologian Gerdil (1718-1802) was born in Savoy, educated in Bologna and enjoyed the patronage of Pope Clement XIV. He wrote numerous works on dogmatic and moral theology, canon law, philosophy, pedagogy, history, physical and natural sciences. Among his most important ones are his book against Hume and the materialsts and the present one, his Anti-Émile. Philosophically speaking, Gerdil is essentially Cartesian, although there are areas in which he comes closer to some ideas of Leibniz.

I. Conlon 427; Barbier III, 986; II. Conlon 388; Chuo 77; Jessop p. 37; see also Guéhenno, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, II, pp. 186-195; III. Conlon 242.

71. BULLIOUD, Pierre de. LA PETRISSEE, ou, Voyage de sire Pierre en Dunois; badinage en vers, où se trouve entr’autre la conclusion de Julie, ou de la Nouvelle Héloïse … A La Haye. 1763. £ 550

FIRST EDITION. 12mo, pp. [ii], 321, [1] Avis; with engraved frontispiece; intermittent spotting and browning, title-page slightly soiled, but generally clean and fresh; in contemporary mottled calf, spine decorated in gilt with morocco label lettered in gilt; edges and joints worn, with spine slightly chipped at head, but still an attractive copy.

First edition of this burlesque poem attributed to the French cavalry officer Pierre de Bullioud (1740-1763).

The poem tells the tale of the journey through the country of a military officer who is ordered by his doctor to convalesce away from Paris, and describes the tales of his fellow passengers, and their adventures en route; this occupies “over 6000 lines of uninspired octosyllables” (Rosenberg, 450). It is most notable for the editor’s final comment, which praises Rousseau, and attacks Voltaire’s criticisms of the Nouvelle Heloïse. “Pierre de Bullioud’s poem is trivial but it is one more testimony to the extraordinary popularity of La Nouvelle Héloïse and to Voltaire’s most outstanding lapse of literary judgement” (Rosenberg, 451).

It is unclear whether Bullioud, despite the editor’s note, actually intended to publish the poem. While the editor’s note suggests that Bullioud had been dissuaded from publication by some critical friends, the “Lettre du libraire” mentions the author’s terminal illness, “and gives the impression that Bullioud was unaware of its impending publication to which, out of excessive and unjustified modesty, he would probably have objected. My own conclusion is that his modesty was well justified” (Rosenberg, 450).

Aubrey Rosenberg, Three ‘unknown’ works relating to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, SVEC 245 (1986), 449-455; OCLC records five copies in North America, at Montréal, UCLA, Chicago, Princeton and Utah, with three copies in the UK, at Oxford, Cambridge and Glasgow.

72. [HUME, David]. ESPOSIZIONE DELLA CONTESTAZIONE INSORTA fra il Signor Davide Hume e il signor Gian Jacopo Russo con le scritture loro giustisicative ed una dichiarazione agli edittori del Signor d’Alambert. Trasportata fedelmente dalla lingua francese nella italiana in Venezia 1767. Appresso Luigi Pavini, Con licenza de’ Superiori. [1767]. £ 3,850

FIRST ITALIAN TRANSLATION. 8vo, pp. [viii], 11-96; with engraved title; possibly lacking a half-title; lightly marked and dust-soiled in places, but generally clean and crisp throughout; uncut in recent mottled wrappers..

Very rare first Italian translation of Hume’s own account of the bitter controversy with Rousseau.

The translator of the original work was J.B.A. Suard, who acted under the supervision of d’Alembert, and met with Hume’s approval. The first edition appeared in 1766 with an English translation published in the same year, under Hume’s direction.

We have been unable to identify the translator of the present Italian edition.

Jessop p. 38; not in Chuo; OCLC records copies at Harvard, Cornell, and the British Library.

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70 Hume

72 Hume

73. [DORAT, Claude-Joseph]. MES FANTAISIES … Amsterdam, et se trouve a Paris, chez Sebastien Jorry, Imprimeur-Libraire, MDCCLXVIII [1768]. £ 350

FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. xlviii, 238; with attractive title page vignette; minor light dust-soiling, otherwise clean and crisp; with number stamped at head of title; in contemporary mottled calf, spine handsomely tooled in gilt with morocco label lettered in gilt, some minor surface wear, but not detracting from this being a very appealing copy.

Rare first edition of this much-reprinted work by the French novelist and dramatist Claude-Joseph Dorat (1734-1780).

After an introductory discourse on the nature of poetry in general, and in particular on pièces fugitives, Dorat offers a series of verse letters addressed both to fictional characters and to prominent contemporaries, including Voltaire, Rousseau, Helvetius and Hume (who is urged to “Souris à mes chansons/ Enfans légers de mon délire: / Ma main, parcourant tous les tons, / Aime à s’égarer sur la lyre./ J’oubliois, pour déraisonner, / Le Philosophe respectable; / Et ne voyois que l’homme aimable / qui voudra bien me pardonner”).

These Epitres are followed by a selection of Pièces détachées, including an imitation of Ovid, an address to a journalist, and translations of anonymous Irish verse.

Besides the present work, Dorat wrote fables, comedies, and several novels, while managing to alienate both the philosophes and their critics, notably Palissot.

OCLC records just four copies in North America, at Harvard, Penn State, Stanford and Kansas.

74. [LATOUR DE FRANQUEVILLE, Madame]. JEAN JAQUES ROUSSEAU VANGE PAR SON AMIE ou morale pratico-philosophico-encyclopedie des coryphees de la secte … Au Temple de la Verite, 1779. £ 850

FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. [iv], 72; a clean crisp copy throughout; uncut in contemporary pink wraps; a desirable copy.

First edition of Madame Latour de Franqueville’s defence of the memory of Rousseau, to whom she had been a confidant and correspondent, against attacks and criticisms.

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The work is divided into three sections or Lettres: the first reprints unpublished correspondence from d’Alembert and Earl Marchal Keith dealing with the Hume-Rousseau controversy. The second and third Lettres discuss the argument waged on the Encyclopaedists by Elie Catherine Freron (1719-1776). The final Lettre is on Diderot’s Essai sur la vie de Seneque.

Barbier II, 987(noting that this work was republished in the 1782 edition of Rousseau’s Oeuvres).

75. [ANON]. ANECDOTES DU DIXHUITIEME SIECLE. Premier Volume [-Second]. A Londres. 1783. £ 285

FIRST EDITION. Two volumes, 8vo, pp.[iv], 272; 275, [1] blank; apart from a few minor marks, a clean copy throughout; in contemporary mottled calf, spines gilt with contrasting red and brown morocco labels lettered in gilt, minor worming to upper joint of vol. II, and some light rubbing to extremities, nevertheless, a handsome and appealing set.

First separate edition of this collection of anecdotes of the principal characters of the eighteenth century, according to the “avertissement” taken from “Les mémoires secrets pour servir à l’histoire de la République des Lettres”.

The collection consists of songs, epitaphs, letters, portraits, obituaries, and anecdotes on and by authors as diverse as Dorat, Voltaire, Rousseau, Turgot, Buffon, Necker, Terrai, and many others. It is notable for the number of anecdotes relating to the theatre and to music, and seems to have reappeared under the title Anecdotes secrètes du XVIIIe siècle … Par P.J.B.N. [Nougaret] in 1808.

OCLC records copies at Quebec, UC San Diego, Yale, Indiana and the New York Public library in North America, with further copies at the National Library of Sweden, Cambridge and Melbourne.

76. [SAINT-CHAMOND, Claire Marie de la Vieuville, Marquise de]. JEAN-JACQUES A MR. S….. sur des Reflexions contre ses derniers ecrits. Lettre Pseudonyme. A Geneve. 1784. £ 850

FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. 75, [1] blank; a clean fresh copy throughout; uncut and stitched as issued in contemporary wraps, lightly dust-soiled, but still a very desirable copy.

Scarce first edition of this spirited defence of Rousseau by the Italian-French writer and dramatist Claire Marie de la Vieuville, Marquise de Saint-Chamond (nee Mazarelli).

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‘In her final work, Jean-Jacques a M. S… sur des Reflexions contre ses derniers ecrits (1784), she clearly demonstrates the need for social change. Seeking to defend Rousseau, Madame de Saint-Chamond shows a profound knowledge of his works by citing passages that point to errors of his critics. However, she refutes his vision of the subservient woman and decries the double standards by which women are judged, particularly the absurdity of giving all powers to men while ascribing their weaknesses to women’ (The Feminist Encyclopedia of French Literature, p. 487).

Besides the present work Saint-Chamond (born 1731) also wrote eulogies in praise of Sully (1764) and Descartes (1765), a three act comedy Les Amants sans le scavoir (1771) and a novel entitled Camédris (1765).

OCLC records three copies in North America, at Princeton, McGill and Michigan; not in Conlon.

77. GIN, Pierre-Louis-Claude. NOUVEAUX MÊLANGES DE PHILOSOPHIE ET DE LITTÉRATURE; ou, Analyse raisonnée des connoissances les plus utiles à l’homme et au citoyen … A Paris, chez Gueffier … Moutard … et Serviere. 1785. £ 350

FIRST EDITION. 12mo, pp. vi, [ii], 472, [1] errata, [1] blank; title with the date of the work written in biro at head, otherwise a clean copy throughout; contemporary mottled calf, boards ruled in gilt, spine decoratively tooled in gilt with red morocco lettered in gilt; a handsome copy.

First edition of this collection of essays and pensées on literary and philosophical subjects by the prolific French author and playwright Pierre Louis Claude Gin (1726-1807).

The essays are divided into three sections. The first is concerned with the sources and aims of human knowledge. Gin discusses evidence and certitude, the existence of matter and the laws of motion, Descartes’ cogito, memory and sensation, passions, free will, dreams, the existence of God, time and eternity (in response to Locke), and the origin and abuse of language.

In the second part, the essays concern “the spectacle that nature offers our observations, and the various opionions of philosophers, both ancient and modern, on physical and moral evil”. Gin compares the Egyption and Greek creation myths with the account in Genesis, before discussing the nature of evil, ending with a comparison of the views on the subject of Pythagoras and Leibnitz. The final section discusses the different kinds of evil in more detail, and the view that both moral and physical evil are compatible with the goodness of God. Here Gin discusses, among other things, Rousseau’s concept of civil religion, as well as moral questions such as the indissolubility of marriage, and the moral status of suicide.

OCLC records just three copies only, at Stanford, California (Irvine) and Cornell.

78. [STAËL-HOLSTEIN, Anne Louise Germaine, Baronne de.] LETTRES SUR LES OUVRAGES ET LE CARACTERE DE J. J. ROUSSEAU. [Paris or Geneva], 1788. £ 1,250

FIRST EDITION. 12mo, pp. [iv], 123, title-page lightly dust-soiled, a few spots and stains; in nineteenth century quarter calf, endpapers renewed.

Scarce first edition of the first important work by Madame de Stäel, published when she was 22. ‘Between Rousseau and her mother she had received a singular education. It was Rousseau, however, whom Madame de Stäel singled out to acknowledge her intellectual debt’ (Herold, p. 190).

In Lettres sur les ouvrages…, Mme de Stäel advocated freedom in love, politics, and literature, a theory that she was to return to repeatedly throughout her literary career. The work is essentially a protest against the weary frivolity of eighteenth century society. It also was, no less significantly, the protests of a superior woman against a society which, though singularly indulgent to all other feminine weaknesses, reserved its punishment for the crime of superiority.

‘A less robust temperament might have drawn back in resignation, accepted the coarseness of men as irremediable, and suffered a life of submissive frigidity. But Germaine’s sensibility was not genteel but tempestuous; not ladylike but rugged. She was determined to know love, in the teeth of the cynicism and prudishness of society. Love was not immoral: society was’ (Herold, p. 67).

Longchamp, L’Oeuvre imprimé de Madame de Staël, 3; Schazmann, Bibliographie des oeuvres de Mme de Staël, 4; see Herold, Mistress to an Age. A Life of Madame de Stäel.

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79. BARRUEL-BEAUVERT, Antoine-Joseph, Comte de. VIE DE J.J. ROUSSEAU, Précédée de quelques Lettres relatives au même sujet. A Londres, et se trouve … Paris, chez tous les marchands de nouveautes, 1789. £ 850

FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. 431; with frontispiece portrait; occasional minor brownspotting; contemporary half calf, spine gilt, hinges and capitals repaired.

An early biography of Rousseau by one of Louis XVI’s loyal soldiers. The first 150 pages consist of letters about Rousseau addressed to various noblemen, together with a some of their replies. The letters, and the Vie, show a deep admiration for Rousseau; for one letter Barruel-Beauvert wrote a worshipful ode, beginning:

‘Redoutable ennemi de l’erreur & du vice, Qui marchas triomphant dans une vaste lice.’

Barruel-Beauvert was a prolific political writer, a soldier, and a recipient of the decoration of Saint Louis from Louis XVI. A colonel in the national guards when the king was arrested, he disappeared during the Terror and, though condemned to deportation, managed to remain in France, only to be put in jail for two years by Napoleon. In 1816, in an ironic and tragic affair, he was accused and found guilty of having been a key participant in the massacres of September 2-3, 1792; devasted by this calumny, he went crazy and killed himself (Biographie Generale).

80. [CORANCEZ, Olivier de]. SMÄRRE SKRIFTER HOPSAMLADE. Första Bandet; Fierde Skriften. Philosophen Joh. Jac. Rousseau … Stockholm, tryckt hos. H.A. Nordstrom, 1798. [bound with:] SMÄRRE SKRIFTER HOPSAMLADE. Första Bandet; Femte Skriften. Berattelse om Joh. Jac. Rousseau’s … Stockholm, Tryckt hos Carl Fredric Marquard, 1798. £ 385

FIRST EDITIONS. Two works in one volume, 12mo, pp. 28; [ii], 86; some foxing throughout due to paper quality; in later tan calf-backed marbled boards, spine lettered in gilt.

First Swedish translations of two French sketches of Rousseau’s life.

To the best of our knowledge, these are the first studies of Rousseau to appear in Swedish. The first work is a translation of the article on Rousseau that appeared in the Nouveau Dictionnaire Historique (Caen, 1789), while the second work is a translation of Olivier de Corancez’s Anecdotes of the Last Twelve Years of the Life of J.J. Rousseau, which first appeared in the Journal de Paris, and was swiftly translated into English, as well as Swedish. The two translations are from a longer series entitled Collected minor writings, which also included works on Franklin, Kant, and the fall of Louis XVI.

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81. MUZZARELLI, Alfonso. GIAN IACOPO ROUSSEAU Accusator de’ Filosofi. Venezia, presso Francesco Andreola, con Regia Approvazione, e Privilegio, 1799. £385

FIRST EDITION THUS. 8vo, pp. 71, [1] blank; apart from some minor foxing in places, a clean copy throughout; in recent wraps; a very good copy.

Rare edition, under a slightly different title, of Gian Jacopo Rousseau accusatore de’ novi filosofi by Alfonso Muzzarelli, first published in 1798.

Muzzarelli seeks in this brief work to sketch some of the themes which lead to disagreement between Rousseau and many of the other philosophes, arguing that these disagreements were as often as not rooted in Rousseau’s Genevan protestant background, as against the Catholicism (even if rejected) of many of his interlocutors. He quotes extensively from Le docteur Pansophe, in alluding to the controversy between Rousseau and Hume, and observes that both philosophers were “insoffibili agli occhi di Gian Iacopo” (p.30), before turning to Rousseau’s contributions to the dispute between the Jesuits and the Jansenists, and his arguments with “i due famosi increduli”, d’Alembert and Diderot. Further authors discussed range from the English poet Brooke Boothby to Freron, and Muzzarelli quotes liberally from Voltaire and, naturally, Rousseau himself. His closing comments sum up the tenor of the work: “Felice solo chi nato nel grembo della Cattolica Chiesa non pensa a cercare fuor d’essa un vano conforto alle sue passioni o chi istruito degli errori della sua ragione cerca finalmente nella Cattolica Chiesa un disinganno alle sue intcertezze, e un asilo alla tranquilità del suo spirito” (p. 71).

OCLC records three copies in North America, at Stanford, Connecticut and UCLA.

82 Cramer

82. [CRAMER, Johann Baptist]. SONGE DE J.J. ROUSSEAU. Air Varie pour le forte Piano par J.B. Cramer. Arrange pour les petits pianos, par l’Editeur … A Paris, chez Mr. Pacini, Professuer de Chant, Rue Favart, No. 12, et chez Mr. Bochsa Pere, Rue Vivienne, No. 25. [n.d., c. 1800?]. £ 185

Folio, pp. [ii] engraved title, 9 (music score), [1] blank; first page blank; lightly dust-soiled and with some minor unobtrusive chipping to upper corner, but still a very good copy of this unusual Rousseau item; in recent marbled wraps.

An attractive copy of this much republished set of piano variations by the German-English composer and music publisher Johann Baptist Cramer (1771-1858), here arranged for small pianos.

Cramer studied under Clementi and was a prolific composer of piano music, as well as performing widely both in England and the Continent; Beethoven was especially impressed by his playing. He was also noted as a publisher, music-seller, and instrument-maker; pianos bearing the Cramer name are still sold in the Asian market.

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83. [CLAPAREDE]. COLLECTION OF SIX WORKS BOUND TOGETHER RELATING TO JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU, belonging to the author Theodore Claparede, then subsequently passing to his son Edouard (1873-1940), founder of the Institut Jean-Jacques Rousseau in Geneva in 1912. Comprising: I. MALAN, César. ROUSSEAU et la religion de nos pères … Genève, Imprimerie de G. Fick. 1829. FIRST EDITION, PRESENTATION COPY. 12mo, pp. 36; lightly foxed throughout (due to paperstock); uncut in the original printed wrapper, inscribed by the author on front cover, wraps lightly foxed. II. JANIN, André. DEUX MOTS au sujet de la fête de Rousseau … [n.p., but Genève]. 1844. FIRST EDITION, PRESENTATION COPY. 8vo, pp. [ii], 25, [1] blank; a clean copy throughout; with the original printed front cover, inscribed by the author at head. III. SAINT-RENE TAILLANDIER, René Gaspard Ernest. LA SUISSE CHRETIENNE et le dixhuitième siècle Genève et ses écrivains. Pages inédites de Voltaire et de Rousseau … Genève, Joel Cherbuliez, Libraire. Juillet 1862. FIRST SEPARATE EDITION. 8vo, pp. 74; lightly foxed throughout; in the original green printed wraps, inscribed at head ‘Messieurs Dufour pere & fils. J. S Mirabaux[?]’ and at foot in the same hand ‘Nouveau genre delan patriotique’. IV. [ANON]. POURQUOI NOUS FETONS ROUSSEAU. Quelques pages pour la jeunesse. Publiées par le Comité du Centenaire, 2 juillet 1878. Genève, chez tous les Libraires. 1878. FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. 36; a clean copy throughout, bound in the original printed yellow wraps. V. DUFOUR-VERNES, Louis. RECHERCHES SUR J.-J. ROUSSEAU et sa parenté, accompagnées de lettres inédites de Mallet-Du Pan, J.-J. Rousseau et Jacob Vernes. Genève, H. Georg, libraire-editeur. 1878. FIRST EDITION, PRESENTATION COPY. 8vo, pp. 46; lightly browned throughout (due to paper stock); bound in the original printed wrapper, inscribed by the author to ‘Monsieur Theodore Claparede’ at head.

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VI. RITTER, Eugene. NOUVELLES RECHERCHES sur les Confessions et la correspondance de J.-J. Rousseau … Extrait du Tome II de la Zeitschrift für neufranzösische Sprache und Literatur. Oppeln et Leipzig : Libr. E. Franck. Georges Maske, successeur. 1880. ORIGINAL EXTRACT, PRESENTATION COPY. 8vo, pp. 305-344; light spotting in places, but generally clean throughout; in the original printed wraps, lightly rubbed with evidence of the removal of a label from upper wrapper, inscribed by the author at head. . £ 1,250

Six works bound in one volume; various sizes (as above); bound together in calf backed mottled boards, spine ruled and lettered in gilt; with the bookplate ‘de la Bibliotheque de Theodore Claparede’ on front pastedown, and stamp ‘Ed. Claparede’ on front free endpaper; a highly desirable collection, with good provenance.

A fascinating collection of scarce works relating to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, with a notable provenance, belonging to the Claparede family.

I. OCLC records five copies, all in Switzerland; II. OCLC records no copies outside of Switzerland; III. OCLC records two copies in North America, at Harvard and Columbia; IV. OCLC records two copies in North America, at Harvard and Princeton. V. OCLC: 23419606. VI. OCLC records one copy outside of Europe, at Harvard.

84. SCHÄDELIN, P.J.J. JULIE BONDELI, die Freundin Rousseaus und Wielands. Ein Beintrag zur Kunde bernischer Kulturzustände. Bern, Verlag von C.A. Jenni, Sohn. 1838. £ 185

FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. [iv], 115, [1] imprint; some light foxing in places; in the original brown cloth, with title in gilt on upper cover; some light wear and sunning to spine.

First edition of this uncommon biography of the Bernese salonist Julie Bondeli (1732-1778).

Bondeli established her salon when aged only 20, in 1752, but it quickly occupied a central role in the cultural and intellectual life of Bern. A lover of Wieland, she referred to herself as ‘das Haupt der Sekte von Rousseaus Bewunderen’, and corresponded with Rousseau from 1762, meeting him for the first time six months into their correspondence, at Motiers. Schädelin, the author also of a number of plays, describes Bondeli’s salons, the nature of her friendships with Wieland and Rousseau, and her writings on French and English novels, education, Goethe, and Rousseau’s Novelle Heloise.

OCLC records six copies outside the continent, at Johns Hopkins, Washington University in St Louis, Princeton, Columbia, New York Public Library, and Case Western.

85. BERTHOUD, Fritz. J.-J. ROUSSEAU, au Val de Travers 1762-1765. Paris, G. Fischbacher, Editeur … 1881. £ 125

FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. [ii], 410; with folding engraved plate; a clean crisp copy throughout; uncut and largely unopened in the original printed wraps.

An attractive copy of this study of Rousseau’s career in the Val de Travers between 1762 and 1765, by the local historian Fritz Berthoud.

Berthoud examines both the works composed by Rousseau during the period, including the Nouvelle Héloïse and the Lettre sur les spectactles, and his life in Montmorency and Neuchâtel, along with his dealings with the local people. Basing his work to a large extent on Rousseau’s correspondence, from which he quotes liberally, Berthoud describes in detail the landscape and character of the Val de Travers, and its influence on Rousseau’s work, not just while he was living there but also subsequently. He also defends Rousseau’s writings, and his character, against some of his detractors, arguing against those who accused him of contradiction and hypocrisy.

86. GARBORG, Hulda. ROUSSEAU OG HANS TANKER I NUTIDEN Kristiania Kjöbenhavn, Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag, 1909. £ 185

FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. [viii], 166; with six plates; in contemporary maroon cloth with the original illustrated wrappers bound in; spine lettered in gilt.

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First edition of this study of Rousseau and his contemporaries, by the Norwegian novelist, playwright, and antiquarian Hulda Garborg (1862-1934).

Over the course of nine chapters, Garborg examines both Rousseau’s works, and his relationships with Voltaire, Larochefoucauld, Hume, and others. She also discusses the ways in which Rousseau influenced the politics of his time, as well as his impact on revolutionary thinking.

Garborg is best known today as a pioneer of the Norwegian bunad tradition, as well as a rediscoverer of many of Norway’s folk traditions.

OCLC records copies outside Continental Europe at Toronto, Library of Congress, St Olaf College, Minnesota, Princeton, New York Public Library, Washington, and the British Library.

See illustration on inside back cover.

87. TAROZZI, Giuseppe. GIAN GIACOMO ROUSSEAU. A. F. Formiggini, Editore in Genova. 1914. £ 185

FIRST EDITION. 8vo, pp. 104, [3] advertisements; with engraved title and frontispiece portrait included in pagination in the original printed wraps, printed in red and black; some chipping to spine, but a good copy.

First edition of this attractively printed survey of Rousseau’s life and works, by the Italian philosopher Giuseppe Tarozzi (1866-1958), published as one of a series of profiles of noted figures.

Tarozzi was professor of moral philosophy at the University of Palermo, and wrote books on, among other subjects, the existence of the soul (1930) and human freedom (1936). He was the editor of the Rivista di filosofia from 1923 to 1928. In the present work, he deals especially with Emile and the Social Contract, while locating these works within the context of Rousseau’s life; Tarozzi discusses his other writings, his relationships with his contemporaries, and his travels.

OCLC records just two copies outside continental Europe, at Brigham Young and Oxford.

88. BUFFENOIR, Hippolyte. JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU Ami des Chiens et des Chats. Paris, Librairie Auguste Picard, 1927. £ 185

FIRST SEPARATE EDITION. 8vo, pp. [ii], 12, [1] blank, [1] colophon; slight browning as usual; in the original printed wrappers, presentation inscription from the author on upper cover; some wear to spine.

First separate edition of this essay by the French poet, biographer, and Rousseau scholar Hippolyte Buffenoir (1847-1928), on Rousseau’s love of cats and dogs.

The essay first appeared in the September 1926 issue of the Revue du Plateau Central, and cites instances where Rousseau alludes to his love of domestic animals, throughout the Confessions but also in his letters. Rousseau was indeed known to keep cats and dogs; this essay does, however, seem to represent the ne plus ultra of Rousseau scholarship.

Buffenoir published several works on Rousseau, including a study of his relations with women (1891).

OCLC records copies at Ottawa, the British Library, the London Library, Princeton, Geneva, Neuchatel, and the Institut Voltaire.

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V. ROUSSEAU - MISCELLANEOUS WORKS

89. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. ESPRIT, MAXIMS, ET PRINCIPES de M. Jean-Jacques Rousseau de Genéve. A Neuchatel, et en Europe, chez les Libraires Associés. 1764. £ 285

FIRST EDITION. 12mo, pp. xxiv, 444; with frontispiece portrait of Rousseau [see front cover]; some minor dust soiling to title, and light sporadic foxing in places throughout; in recent marbled boards with red morocco label lettered in gilt; a good copy.

First edition of Rousseau’s unauthorised Esprit, Maximes et Principes, including a handsome portrait of Rousseau by L.J. Cathelin after De La Tour.

Pierre Guy (1715-95), successor to Duchesne’s Paris bookshop, saw in Rousseau a potential gold-mine, especially as Rousseau had been driven abroad by the censure of Emile in 1762 and had no effective way of making profit from his own writings. Rousseau was lodged near Neuchatel in Switzerland when Guy published editions under the editorship of Abbé de La Porte, of Emile and Nouvelle Heloise with the false Paris imprint of ‘A Neuchatel’. This annoyed Rousseau considerably as he had planned a collection of his works in an effort to provide himself with a pension.

At the same time the wily Guy initiated a correspondence with Rousseau to bring him over to his idea of a collected edition. The result was an attractive Oeuvres in five volumes with titles in red and black to match those of Emile and La Nouvelle Heloise. Guy, looking at other avenues to profit by, had collected a number of Rousseau’s letters both published and unpublished and commissioned Abbé de La Porte to make suitable extracts from other writings. These snippets published as Esprit would have incensed Rousseau as they gave, and probably still give, a distorted view of his ideas.

The work was published in octavo and duodecimo formats to supplement the Oeuvres, again with the false imprint but without the red and black printed titles. Pierre Guy, never one to miss a trick, would not have wanted to be directly incriminated in his profitable venture.

Dufour 300; see R.A. Leigh Unsolved Problems in the Bibliography of J.-J. Rousseau, p. 78.

90. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. GEIST GRUNDSÄZZE UND MEINUNGEN von J.J. Rousseau. Nach dem Französischen von J.C. Bloesst. Leipzig, zur Ostermesse, bey August Schumann. 1803.£ 550

FIRST GERMAN TRANSLATION. 8vo, pp. [viii], 392, [14] index, [3] errata, [1] blank, [12] booksellers catalogue; lightly foxed in places, otherwise a clean copy throughout; with contemporary ownership signature on title and corresponding stamp on verso; in contemporary speckled boards, spine lettered in ink, joints lightly rubbed, but still a very appealing copy.

The rare first German translation (by J.C. Bloesst) of Rousseau’s unauthorised Esprit, Maxims, et Principes, first published in 1764.

Pierre Guy had, without Rousseau’s knowledge, commissioned the Abbé de La Porte to compile a series of extracts from Rousseau’s works, which appeared with a Neuchatel imprint under the title Esprit, Maximes, et Principes in 1764 (see above). Inspired by a collection which had appeared the previous year as Pensées de J.J. Rousseau, the Esprit keeps its predecessor’s form, arranging aphorisms lifted from Rousseau’s writings into four categories: religion, morality, politics, and literature, sciences and the arts. Each category is divided into a succession of subjects, with Rousseau’s thoughts on each. Lifted as they were from their original context, a lot of the meaning of Rousseau’s words is distorted by this treatment; this worried the author more than the publisher, however, to whom such compilations proved very lucrative.

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This German translation is the first of this particular compilation, although a translation of the Pensées had appeared in 1764. In the preface, Bloesst hopes that despite the ever-increasing number of Rousseau’s works available in Germany, the appearance of one more collection would not be unwelcome.

Dufour 334; OCLC records two copies in North America, at McGill and Illinois, and one further copy at Cambridge in the UK.

91. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. COLLECTION COMPLETTE DES OEUVRES DE J.J. ROUSSEAU, Citoyen de Geneve. Tome Premier[-Trentieme] … Aux Deux-Ponts, chez Sanson et Compagnie. 1782.

[Together with:] SECOND SUPPLEMENT a la Collection des Oeuvres de J.J. Rousseau, Citoyen de Geneve. Tome Premier [-Troisieme, and also Trente-Unieme - Trente-Troisieme]. Geneve, [Pierre Moulton], 1789. £ 950

FIRST COLLECTED EDITION. Together 33 volumes, 12mo; with frontispiece portrait of Rousseau after De la Tour in vol. I and one folding plate of music in vol. XVIII; apart from minor browning to some gatherings (due to paper stock) an extremely clean and crisp copy throughout with no major marks or blemishes; in contemporary mottled sheep over mottled paste paper boards, spines tooled in blind and with gilt device at foot, each spine with two contrasting labels lettered in black, minor worming to some joints (although without any major damage to cords or hinges which are all holding firm) small chip to head of vol. IX; a handsome set.

A handsome and desirable set of this Collection Complette des Oeuvres de J.J. Rousseau, published ‘Aux Deux-Ponts’ by Sanson et Compagnie in 1782 and also including the second supplementary volumes of 1789.

The first ten volumes comprise: vol. I - Ouvrages de Politiques; vol. II - Contrat social; Vol. III-VI Le Nouvelle Heloise; and vol. VII-X Emile, the last two works with separate title pages and full imprint information (as with many of the works throughout). Volumes XI-XIV include Melanges and volumes XV-XVIII his plays, poetry and works on music. Volumes XIX-XXIV contain Rousseau’s Confessions and a selection of his published letters. The final five volumes (XXV-XXX) act as a supplement and comprise Pieces et opuscules sur Rousseau. It is particularly attractive to also find the additional second supplement published in 1789, which includes the second part of Rousseau’s Confessions, bound uniformly with this set.

A full collation of the set can be provided upon request.

Dufour 393 (listing an octavo edition and noting our edition in the notes).

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92. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. LETTERS ON THE ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. Addressed to a Lady. By the celebrated J.J. Rousseau. Translated into English with notes, and twenty-four additional letters, fully explaining the system of Linnaeus. By Thomas Martyn, B.D … London: Printed for B. White and Son, at Horace’s Head, Fleet-Street. 1785. £ 350

FIRST EDITION IN ENGLISH. 8vo, pp. xxiii, [i] errata, 503, [1] blank, [28] index; with one large folding table; some occasional foxing but generally clean throughout; in contemporary (Swedish?) calf backed sprinkled boards, spine attractively tooled in gilt with red label lettered in gilt, corners rubbed and some minor surface wear; a desirable copy.

First edition in English of Rousseau’s Lettres Elementaires sur la Botanique a Madame de L*** first published posthumously in his Works, printed in Geneva in 1782.

‘On various dates between 1771 and 1773, [Rousseau] drafted eight long letters on botanical themes to Madame Madeleine-Catherine Delessert, to whom he had warmed after an earlier meeting in Lyons, and who wished to excite her four-year-old daughter’s natural curiosity by encouraging her to take an interest in plants. These letters, followed over the next four years by sixteen others on similar themes to various correspondents, were to excite the interest of Thomas Martyn, a professor of botany at Cambridge who held his chair for sixty-three years and for at least part of that time used his own translation of them in his courses’ (Wokler, p. 111).

Despite Rousseau’s name on the title-page, only eight of the letters are by him, the rest being by Martyn.

Henvery 1281; see Robert Wokler Rousseau (1995), pp. 110-114; ESTC t136469.

93. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. J.J. ROUSSEAUS BOTANIK for Fruentimmere I Breve til Frue de L**, oversat af fransk og med Tillæg forsget af Odin Wolff. Andet diennemseete og forøgede Oplag. Kiøbenhavn, Paa S. Poulsens Forlag, 1790. £ 285

SECOND DANISH EDITION. 8vo, pp. xxiv, 112; minor stain to upper corner throughout, mainly light but occasionally stronger, otherwise text clean; in contemporary sprinkled calf, spine gilt with label lettered in gilt, lightly rubbed, but still a very good copy.

Very rare second Danish edition of Rousseau’s Lettres Elementaires sur la Botanique a Madame de L*** first published posthumously in his Works, printed in Geneva in 1782.

The translation first appeared the previous year.

OCLC records only one copy, at Oklahoma.

94. [BOCAGE, Madame du]. FABLES, LETTRES, ET VARIETES HISTORIQUES. Nouvelle édition, revue et corrigée. A Londres, Chez C. Dilly, et P. Elmsly. 1788. £ 225

12mo, xiv, 382; apart from some very light dust-soiling to prelims, a clean fresh copy throughout, with contemporary notes on endpapers; in contemporary sheep, spine ruled in gilt; chipped at head with the loss of about 1cm, and light chipping at foot, joints cracked but cords holding, corners rubbed, nevertheless, still a good copy of this rare issue.

Uncommon edition of this collection of fables, letters, historical observations, and anecdotes compiled from the work of authors including Rousseau, Mme du Bocage, Mme Lambert, Racine, and Boursault, along with historical notes on subjects ranging from Spartan women to filial piety, designed to “inspire in the young honour, candour, generosity, and probity, in order that they may acquire the qualities necessary to appear advantageously in the world, and for them both to be happy in themselves, and useful to society”.

OCLC records just computer files; not in ESTC.

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95. FUßEDER, Josef. BEITRÄGE ZUR KENNTNIS DER SPRACHE ROUSSEAUS Inaugural-Dissertation … Borna-Leipzig, Buchdruckerei Robert Noske, 1909. £ 135

DISSERTATION. 8vo, pp. viii, 62, [1]; title lightly dust-soiled; stapled and backed in green paper, as issued; a very good copy.

A very interesting dissertation, presented to the Leipzig philosophy faculty, on Rousseau’s use of language.

Fußeder (born 1882) lists and describes Rousseau’s neologisms, his philosophical terminology, his use of metaphor, his borrowings from foreign languages, and the peculiarities of his syntax. He arranges the terms into categories, and gives ample citations.

6 4 Rou s s e a u

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VI. ROUSSEAU DEPICTED

97 Rousseau

96. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. MEDAL by Georg Christian Waechter, 55mm. [c. 1800?]. £ 250

Medal in white metal; obverse with three quarter bust of Rousseau facing left ‘J.J. ROUSSEAU CITOYEN DE GENEVE NE LE 28 JUIN 1712’ signed ‘G.C. Waechter’. Reverse inscribed ‘INGENIO ET LIBERTATI PATRIAE’ within wreath; some surface tarnishing, but otherwise in reasonably good condition.

A fine medal, in white metal of Rousseau by Georg Christian Waechter (1724-1789). Born in Heidelberg, Waechter learned the art of medal engraving under Jean Dassier. He worked in Germany, being appointed in 1770 Court-medallist at Mannheim and later lived in St. Petersberg. Throughout his career he made a number of commemorative medals of the reign of Catherine II.

Haller 264; Forrer VI, p. 338.

See illustration on inside back cover.

97. [ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques]. ORIGINAL PEN AND INK PORTRAITS OF JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU & FRANCOIS MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE Compose et execute a la plume par Charles Alexandre Ballot 1791. £ 1,750

Pair of pen and ink portraits (215mm x 262mm); portrait of Rousseau with profile bust to the right, wearing a fur-edged caftan and a fur cap with tassels, inscribed below ‘J. J. ROUSSEAU’; portrait of Voltaire with profile bare bust to the left, inscribed below ‘VOLTAIRE’, both portraits with matching patterned borders; apart from a few minor marks, portraits in good original state; each expertly mounted and ready for framing.

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Unusual pair of late eighteenth century pen and ink portraits of the two greater thinkers of the enlightenment, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and François-Marie Arouet de Voltaire.

We have been unable to find anything further on the artist Charles Alexandre Ballot. As far as we can establish he seems to have based his portraits on the the Wedgwood and Bentley jasper cameo medallions executed in the 1770’s towards the end of each of the great men’s lives. Presumably these were taken from contemporary portraits of the time, so it is probably more likely that Ballot based his versions on these, rather than those of Wedgwood and Bentley.

98. [ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques]. [DROP HEAD TITLE:] LOI qui décrète une Statue pour Jean-Jacques Rousseau & une Pension de 1200 livres pour sa Veuve. Donnée à Paris, le 29 Décembre 1790 A Paris, De l’Imprimerie royale, 1791. £ 150

FIRST EDITION. 4to, pp. 2; disbound, as issued.

A good copy of this decree issued at the end of 1790, announcing the erection of a statue of Rousseau and the allocation of a pension to his widow, Marie-Thérèse le Vasseur.

The decree states that the statue will bear the inscription “La Nation Française Libre à J.J. Rousseau”. The statue was, however, never erected, although an open competition was held for proposals, entered by, among others, Jean-Antoine Houdon, who had already produced a statue of Rousseau in the year of his death.

Conlon 864.

W i t h a n O d e t o R o u s s e a u ’ s b u s t

99. MERCX, Louis. MELANGES POETIQUES ET LITTERAIRES. Par Louis Mercx, Membre de la Societe de Litterature de Bruxelles. A Bruxelles, De l’Imprimerie d’Adolphe Stapleaux, Libraire, rue de la Magdelaine, no. 407. 1802. £ 200

FIRST EDITION. 12mo, pp. xii, 354; with engraved frontispiece; a clean, fresh copy throughout; in contemporary half sheep over mottled boards, spine ruled in gilt with paste paper label lettered in gilt, minor rubbing to boards and extremities, but still a very appealing copy.

First edition of this collection of poetry and letters by the Belgian author Louis Mercx, containing amorous impromptus, love letters, a celebration of the pleasures of the table, a poem to the author’s horse, an ode to Rousseau’s bust, and one chanson, La Liste, which addresses the conscription of soldiers under French occupation. The letters, mostly written to one Sophie, were written in Paris and Brussels and discuss aesthetics, literature, theatre and current affairs of both cities.

Not in OCLC.

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100. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. BRONZE MEDAL. by E. Dubois, 41mm. [1817]. £ 150

Obverse with the bust of Rousseau JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU signed ‘Dubois’. Reverse inscribed ‘Ne a Geneve en MDCCXII. Mort en MDCCLXXVIII. Galerie Metallique des Grand Hommes Francais’ and dated ‘1817’; in reasonably condition, some tarnishing to bronze at foot and to edge.

A fine medal of Rousseau by ‘E. Dubois’, produced as part of the Galerie Metallique Des Grands Hommes Francais, a large series of medals issued over many years by leading medallists of the day. They were struck mainly between 1816 and 1826 although there are some issued after 1826 and as late as 1838. All the medals were produced with a portrait of the celebrated person with simple biographical information on the reverse. The date of issue being dated simply in arabic numerals.

The series is extensive and difficult to complete least of all because it is hard to find a reference listing all the medals. La Medaille Francaise Au XIX Siecle et l’Histoire by Jean-Pierre Collignon details 119 medals allocated to the series (a list of these can be provided on request).

101. ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques. BRONZE MEDAL, Signed A. JACOT GUILLARMOD, [1912]. £ 250

OBLONG MEDAL, 45MM X 35MM; Obverse with a scene of Rousseau in his study with a child above the legend ‘Jean-Jacques! Aime Ton Pays’ (signed ‘A.J.G’). Reverse with legend ‘IIe Centenaire de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Citoyen de Geneve, 1712 28 Juin 1912’ next to the Genevan coat of arms and a pile of his books, a quill and inkwell and banner on which can just be deciphered a list of his major works; a very attractive medal.

A fine medal of Rousseau (1712-1778) struck to commemorate the bicentenary of his birth, issued by the city of Geneva on 28 June 1912.

The legend at the bottom says “Jean-Jacques, aime ton pays” (“love your country”), and shows Rousseau’s father gesturing towards the window. The scene is drawn from a footnote to the Letter to d’Alembert where Rousseau recalls witnessing the popular celebrations following the exercises of the St Gervais regimen.

We have identified the medallist as A. Jacot Guillarmod, but have been unable to find any further information about him. See inside front cover.

100 Rousseau

58

91 Rousseau

6 4 Rou s s e a u

59

INDEX NOMINUM

A l embe r t , J e a n l e Rond d ’ : 2 5 And ré , M . : 9 A r an go y S i e r r a , A l o n so : 3 8 Au ge r , A t h an a s e : 1 4 Bak i t s c h , Wo j s l aw : 1 8 B a rn ew i t z , Me l ou s i n e : 6 8 B a r r u e l - B e au ve r t , An t o i n e - J o s eph : 7 9 B au ck , Ma t t h i a s And re a s : 2 8 B e au c l a i r , P a u l Lou i s d e : 4 6 B e aumon t , A r chb i s hop : 7 B e r g e s t rom , Han s : 1 0 B e r t houd , F r i t z : 8 5 Bo c a g e , Mad ame du : 9 4 Bonde l i , J u l i e : 8 4 Bo rde , Ch a r l e s : 2 9 Bu f f e no i r , H i p po l y t e : 8 8 Bu l l i o ud , P i e r r e d e : 7 1 C l ap a r ede , T heodo re : 8 3 Co r an ce z , O l i v e r d e : 8 0 Cr amer , J o h ann B ap t i s t : 8 2 Cue to , J o s é Ma r chen a Ru i z d e : 6 Dora t , C l a ude - J o s eph : 7 4 , 7 6 Du fou r -Ve rne s , Lou i s : 8 3 Dup i n , Lou i s e : 1 Du ro so y , J e a n B ap t i s t e : 1 5 En ge l , M i c h a e l : 1 794 Ep i n a y , Lou i s e - F l o r en ce T a rd i e u d ’ : 1 2 E s che rn y , F r a n co i s - Lou i s d ’ : 5 0 Fene l o n , F r a n co i s S a l i g n a c d e l a Mo t he : 1 7 F i c k e r t , A r t u r : 5 8 F i n d e i s e n , He rmann : 2 0 F ußede r , J o s e f : 9 5 Garbo r g , Hu l d a : 8 6 Ge rd i l , G i a c i n t o S i g i smondo : 7 0 G i n , P i e r r e Lou i s C l a ude : 7 7 Hae f f e l i n , K a s im i r J o h ann B ap t i s t : 5 1 Ha l vo r s en , Ha akon Ho f g a a rd : 4 1 Houdon , J e a n -An to i n e : 9 8

Hume , Dav i d : 7 0 , 7 2

J a n i n , And re : 8 3 Krömer , Em i l J o s eph : 5 7 L amo i g non d e Ma l e s h e rbe s , Gu i l l a ume d e : 6 9 L andon , J o s eph : 4 4 L a t ou r d e F r a nque v i l l e , Mad ame : 7 0 , 7 5 Ma l a n , Cé s a r : 8 3 Ma l i p i e ro , T ro i l o : 5 3 Ma l i z i a , B a r t o l omeo : 5 5 Mam i n i , C and i do : 5 6 Me r cx , Lou i s : 9 9 Mon t e squ i e u : 5 8 No i kow , P e t e r : 1 9 Norden f l y c h t , Hedw i g Cha r l o t t a : 6 6 Ourse l , J e a n -Hen r y : 4 5 P a l i s s o t , Ch a r l e s d e Mon t eno y : 5 7 P i l e , Abbé : 4 4 Raymond , Geo r ge Ma r i e : 1 6 R i t t e r , E u g ène : 8 3 S a i n t -Chamond , Ma rqu i s e d e : 7 4 S a i n t - R ene T a i l l a n d i e r , R ene Ga sp a rd E rn e s t : 8 3 S ch äde l i n , P . J . J . : 8 4 S e r ane , P h i l i p p e : 1 3 So l d i n , S o l omon : 3 2 Staël, Mad ame d e : 7 8 Ta rd i a n i , S c i p i o ne : 5 4 T a ro z z i , G i u s eppe : 8 7 Themann s , P e t e r : 2 1 Tho re l , J e a n - B ap t i s t e : 5 2 V i a nn a , B en t o Lu i s : 3 9 Vo l t a i r e : 2 3 , 2 9 , 6 7 , 7 6 , 8 6 , 9 7 Wei s s enb a ch , J o s eph An ton : 4 7

60

86 Garborg

51 Haeffelin

50 Escherny

33 Rousseau

61

96 Rousseau

37 Rousseau