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iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

Jul 03, 2018

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Page 1: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman
Page 2: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

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Page 3: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

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Page 4: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

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$?AB

($?AC

Page 5: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

<,DDE2 (

F( (F(<,DDE2 ((

(F( (

> G(!%%H@(>I38E2G($??B@

<,DDE2

Page 6: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

•!

(

•!

(

•! <,DDE2(

Page 7: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

J I

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<,DDE2(-7K,+430,'(+3-5.D

((((((

(

L = NHf

!(L( ("(L( (#(M(!$/,D(" :"(L(

Page 9: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

N3+347*7+(D*.-2(,K(*O7(3*4,DPO7+5/(/5+/.830,'(,K(Q3+*OR85S7(P83'7*D(T5*O(97'7+38(/5+/.830,'(4,-78D(>UV6D@

Williams (1988)

Latitude

Pres

sure

W3D*(+,*30,'

I8,T(+,*30,'

Page 10: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

Latitude

Pres

sure

Fast rotation

Slow rotation

Page 11: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

Latitude

Pres

sure

Fast rotation

Slow rotation

Page 12: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

243 1 10

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( BHS4 !"#B%

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(

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( $B $%

Page 16: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

Hadley cell

Ferrel cell

Polar cell

Easterly wind

Westerly wind

Earth Venus

Mars Titan

Summer

Winter

Easterly wind

Westerly windHadley cell

Ferrel cell

Super-rotation

Super-rotation

Page 17: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

•! A"%X ?%X (•! B%H%S4 !HAHS4

Y! !"# $B (Y! (Y! #% $%% (

Page 18: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

(U57+3D/OG($?A"Z(<,DD,T([(\588534DG($?A?

Page 19: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

! (\588534D(3'-(<,DD,T( $?A?@(

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Page 21: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

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Page 24: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

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Page 25: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

UV6

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N,883/S(7*(38;(>$??%@

Page 26: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

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Page 27: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

Taylor–Proudman theorem•! In a fluid that is steadily rotated, the fluid velocity will be

uniform along any line parallel to the axis of rotation.

d! v dt

+ 2! " #! v + 1

$%p +%& = 0

Momentum equation in rotational frame

Assuming non-compressivity and d/dt=0, the curl is applied to give

! " # $

! v = 0

Taking z-axis along the planet’s rotational axis,

"! v "z

= 0

z

yz

! "

Page 28: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

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Page 29: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

(+7830_7(_,+0/5*2(,K(O,+5^,'*38(`,T

Page 30: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

Qa.3*,+538(D.P7++,*30,'(5'(*O7(I.'

<,*;(+3*7(M(!H(-32D(,'(*O7(7a.3*,+(((((((((((((((((((((#B(-32D('73+(*O7(P,87D

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b7+0/38(_78,/5*2(3*(+(M(%;?H(<

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<,*30,'(+3*7D(+7_7387-(E2(O785,D75D4,8,92(

Page 31: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

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Page 32: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman
Page 33: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

!

Page 34: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

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Page 35: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

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Page 36: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

&*4,DPO7+5/(/5+/.830,'(,K(7d,P83'7*D

•! e5-3882R8,/S7-(P83'7*D(D774(*,(E7(.E5a.5*,.D(5'(*O7(.'5_7+D7;(eO,D7(P83'7*D(3+7(/,'D5-7+7-(*,(E7(D8,T(+,*3*,+(85S7(b7'.D;()*(5D(P,DD5E87(*O3*(D.P7+R+,*30,'(+7-5D*+5E.*7D(*O7+438(7'7+92(38,'9(*O7(8,/38(047(,'(D./O(P83'7*D;(

=,*(-32D5-7(V,8-('59O*D5-7

I8,T(/5+/.830,' W3D*(/5+/.830,'

6,-7+3*7(/8543*7(

V7'*+38(D*3+

V7'*+38(D*3+

Page 37: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

Atmospheres of Synchronously Rotating Terrestrial Planets Orbiting M Dwarfs (Joshi et al., 1997)

•! Planets within the habitable zones of M dwarfs are likely to be synchronous rotators; in other words, one side is permanently illuminated while the other side is in perpetual darkness.

•! Simulation with a rotation rate similar to that of Titan

Page 38: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

<3-530_7(047(/,'D*3'*(,K(4,-7+'(b7'.D(3*4,DPO7+7

N,883/S([(f,.'9(>$?AH@

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Page 39: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

(!%%%

%&'()&*+,$-"&#+..+%(#"()/$+)0$+1&*2'(*'

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&d5RD2447*+5/(/5+/.830,'

Page 40: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

b7'.D(432(O3_7(O3-(3(DO388,T(85a.5-RT3*7+(,/73'(3'-(O3E5*3E87(D.+K3/7(*74P7+3*.+7D(K,+(.P(*,(!(E5885,'(273+D(,K(5*D(73+82(O5D*,+2G(3//,+-5'9(*,(/,4P.*7+(4,-785'9(,K(*O7(P83'7*hD(3'/57'*(/8543*7(E2(D/57'0D*D(3*(J&I&hD(U,--3+-()'D0*.*7(K,+(IP3/7(I*.-57D(>U)II@(5'(J7T(f,+S;((eO7(i'-5'9DG(P.E85DO7-(*O5D(T77S(5'(*O7(j,.+'38(U7,PO2D5/38(<7D73+/O(]7k7+DG(T7+7(,E*35'7-(T5*O(3(4,-78(D54583+(*,(*O7(*2P7(.D7-(*,(P+7-5/*(K.*.+7(/8543*7(/O3'97(,'(Q3+*O;

Page 41: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

I54(&(I,83+(`.dL($;"B(d(Q3+*OG((<,*;(P7+5,-L(6,-7+'(b7'.D(

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•! eO7(-32D5-7(,K(*O7(P83'7*(5D(384,D*(/,4P87*782(/8,.-2;((

Surface air temperature Cloudiness

Surface level winds

4(5+$'+(67+89:;<=+>4(2+?$*@2+'A$+B-2'+A(C"'(C6$+D&-6#+&E+&@-+2&6(-+252'$0F+>

Page 42: iz .G Gd - AstroBio Group cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Easterly wind Westerly wind Earth Venus Mars Titan Summer Winter Easterly wind Westerly wind Hadley cell Ferrel cell ... Taylor–Proudman

\O3*(5D(O3PP7'5'9(5'(I54(&(c

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•! eO7D7(O59O82(+7`7/0_7(*O5/S(3+73882(7d*7'D5_7(/8,.-D(3+7(K,+47-(K+,4(D43887+(D/387(P3+347*7+5^7-(/,'_7/0_7(/8,.-D(*O3*(/3++2(T3*7+(_3P,+(3'-(/,'-7'D7-(T3*7+(*,(O59O(380*.-7D(5'(E.,23'*(.P-+3nD;(

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