Iz amonijačnih voda (NH4 2 SO4

Iz amonijaIz amonijaččnih voda nih voda →→ (NH(NH44))2 2 SOSO44

SVOJSTVA:SVOJSTVA:SVOJSTVA:

4 NH3 + 3O2⋅→ 2 N2 + 6 H2O4 NH3 + 5O2 → 4 NO + 6 H2O ∆rH = -1170 jmol-1

NH3 ( ag) + H2O → NH4+ (ag) + OH- (ag)

kb = mol/L

NH3•H2 O Tt = 194 K

[ ] [ ][ ]

5

3

4 10*8.1 −−+

NHOHNH

NH3 → NH2 – + H + → NH2

- + 2 H+→ N3- + 3 H +

2 Na + 2 NH3 → 2 Na NH2 + H2

amidi MNH2imidi M2NH

ionski Li3 Nnitridi M3 H kovalentni AlN

metalni TiN

PH3Dobivanje: P4 + 3 H2O + 3OH- → PH3 + 3 PH2O2

-

Ca3P2 + 6 H2O→ 2 PH3 + Ca 2+ + 6 OH-

AsH3 dozvoljeno 0.000005 %

H3Aso3 +Zn + 6H+ →AsH3 + 3 Zn2+

As2Zn3 + 6 HCl → 2 AsH3 + 3 ZnCl2

H2As- AsH2 Kakodil

Kadeova tekučina 1760 god.

-II H2N-NH2 HidrazinOH

-

Dobivanje:2NH3 +ClO- → N2H4 + Cl- + H2Oteški metali → N2

Mehanizam:NH3+ClO- → NH2Cl- + OH-

sporoNH2Cl + NH3 → N2H5 + Cl-

brzoN2H5

+ + OH- → N2H4 + H2Obrzo

N2H4 + 2 NH2Cl → 2 NH4Cl + N2Cu2+ želatina

Svojstva:Svojstva:

3 N2H4 → N2 + 4 NH3N2H5

+ + 3 H+ +2e- → 2 NH4+; E0 = 1.24 V

N2 + 5 H+ + 4 e- → N2H5+; E0 = -0.17V

N2 + 4 H2O + 4 e- → N2H4 + 4 OH- E0 = -1.15V

Raketno gorivo:

Cu 2+

N2H4 + 2H2O2 → N2 + 2H2ON2H4 + O2 → N2 + 2 H2O

O2 Otopljen u vodi

--II NHNH22 OHOH NHNH33OHOH++

hidroksilaminK: NO3

- + 7 H+ + 6 e- → NH2OH + 2 H2OPb(Hg)

3 NH2OH → N2 + NH3 + 3H2O

2 NH2OH + 2OH- → N2 + 4 H2O+ 2e- E0 = - 3.04V

hidroksilamonijeve soli

--1/31/3 HNHN33,, NN33-- HNHN33 →→ HH++ + N+ N33

--

N2H4 + NaNO2 → NaN3 + 2 H2O<190° C

N2O + 2 Na2O + NH3 → NaN3 + 3 NaOH2 HN3 → 3 N2 + H2 ∆rH < 0Pb(N3)2

AZIDI

PseudohalogenidiPseudohalogenidiOO NN SS CC

χχ 3.53.5 33 2.52.5 2.52.5

N3-

CN-

NCS-

ONC-

OCN-

Psudohalogeni

(CN)2, (SCN)2

Dobivanje: kat

2 NH3 + 2 CH4 + 3O2 → 2 HCN + 6 H2O80 °C

katNH3 + CO → HCN + H2O

6oo °C

1800 °CH2 + 2 C + N2 → 2 HCN

Dob: NaNH2 + C → NaCN + H2

NaCN + H+ → HCN + Na +

HCN + H2O→ H3O+ + CN-

KA = 7 ⋅10 –10 mol/LVrlo otrovanCN- + H2O → HCN + OH-

Ag+ + 2 CN- → [ Ag (CN)2 ]-

2 CN- → (CN)2

(CN)2 + 2 OH- → CN- + OCN- + H2O

Dob:

CN - + S → CNS-

Fe 2+ +6 SCN- →[ Fe(SCN)6]3-

II NN22O, O, HH22NN22OO22 HPHHPH22OO22

Dob: NH4NO3 → N2O + 2 H2O

2 N2O → 2N2 + O2

Dob: H2N2O2

2 NO3- + 8 Na + 4 H20 → N2O2

2- + 8 Na+ + 8 OH-

Hg Ag+

HCl ↓H2N2O2 → Ag2N2O2

Eter

H2N2O2 → N2O + H2OVodena otopina

HPH2O2 → H+ + PH2O2- KA ≈10-2 mol/L

PHO32- + 2 H2O + 2 e- → PH2O2 + 3 OH- E0 = -1.65 V

Cu2+ + HPH2O2 + H2O → Cu + H2PHO3 + 2H+

II II NONO

N2 + O2 → 2 NO ∆rH = 180 kJ/mol2 NO + O2 → 2 NO24 NH3 + 5O2 →4 NO + 6 H2O

Ostwaldov postupak ∆rH = -1167 kJ/mol

Lab.:2 NO3

- + 3 Cu + 8 H+→ 2 NO + 3 Cu 2+ + 4 H2O

NO3- + 3 Fe 2+ + 6 H+ → NO + 3 Fe 3+ + 3 H2O

H2SO

4

H2SO4Fe 2+ + NO → Fe NO2+

↓ ↑NO3

- smeđ

2 NO + Cl2 →2 NOCl nitrozil halogenovodici

Izosterne molekuleIzosterne molekuleN2O CO2

Broj atoma 3 3

Broj elektrona 16 16

Tt /K 182 217Tv/K 184 195

N2 COTt/K 63 68Tv/K 72 82

III

N2O3, HNO2, soliP4O6, H2PHO3 soliAs4O6 H3AsO3 soliSb4O6} netopljivi u vodi Bi2O3} netopljivi u vodi

NO + NO2 + H2O → 2 HNO2N2O3

3 HNO2 → NO3- + 2 NO + H+ + H2O

soli dob:

NO + NO2 + 2 OH- → 2 NO2- + H2O

2 Na NO3 (l) → 2 NaNO2 + O2

N2O3 → NO2 + NO

PP44OO66AsAs44OO66SbSb44OO66

0 0P4 + 3 O2 → P4O6

sporoP4O6 + 6 H2O → 4 H3PO3

grijanje4 H2PHO3 → PH3 + 3 H3PO4

+5 +3PO4

3- + 2 H2O + 2 e- → PHO32- + 3 OH- E0 = -1.05V

As4O6 vrlo otrovan1.2g u 100 g H2O

4 FeAsS + 10 O2 → As4O6 + 2 Fe2O3 + 4 SO2

III -I -II 700 CFeAsS → FeS + As

As4O6 + 6 H2O → 4 H3ASO3H3AsO3 → H+ + H2AsO3

- k1= 2.4⋅10 –10 mol/LH3AsO3 + H+ → H2AsO2

+ + H2OAs(OH)3 → As (OH)2

+ + OH-

↓

+ 2H+ As3+?

Sb4O64 Sb + 3 O2 → Sb4O6Sb4O6 + 12 H+ → 4 Sb3+ + 6 H2O

Sb 3+ + H2O → SbO+ + 2 H+

antimonil soliSbO+ + Cl- → SbOCl (s)

Sb4O6 + 4 OH- → 4 SbO2- + 2H2O

Sb4O6 + 4 OH- + 6 H2O→ 4 Sb(OH)4-

Antimonat (III)-soli

2 Sb3+ + 3 H2S → Sb2S3 + 6 H+

naranđastSb2S3 –antimonit- crn

Sb2S3 + 6 HCl→ SbCl3 + 3 H2S

SbCl3 + H2O → SbOCl + 2 HCl

SbCl3 + Cl- → SbCl4-

SbO+ + C4H4O62- → [SbO (C4H4O6)]-

[Sb2 (C4H4O6)]2-

tartarat

Bi2O3 + 6 H+ → 2 Bi3+ + 3 H2OHCl, HNO3

Bi3+ + H2O → BiO+ + 2H+

BiO+ + Cl- → BiOCl(s)ili Bi+ + 3 OH- → Bi (OH)3

BiO+ + H2O + OH- → Bi(OH)3

2 Bi(OH)3 → Bi2O3 + 3 H2Ožut

IVIV

NONO22

N2O4

2 NO2 → N2O4 ∆rH < 0

dob: 2 Pb(NO3)2 → 2 PbO + 4 NO2 + O2

THE ENDTHE END