From Ideas to Paper Prototypes: Hands-on Approaches for Early Stage Projects IxDworks Valeria Gasik, Darja Tokranova
Jul 14, 2015
From Ideas to Paper Prototypes: Hands-on Approaches for Early Stage Projects
IxDworks
Valeria Gasik, Darja Tokranova
Valeria GasikM.Sc (HCI)Interaction DesignerFinland
Darja TokranovaM.Sc (HCI)Freelance designerEstonia
Katri TammsaarErasmus academic coordinatorEstonia
Presenting today
Today
Interaction Design
User-Centered Design
Idea UsersContext
Concept1st prototype Reflection
Idea UsersContext
Concept1st prototype Reflection
We are here
We are here Heading here
We are here Heading here
Goal todayTo find and understand the need and to outline the basic behavior.
Need?Goals?Behavior?
Interaction designers shape digital things
for people’s use
Bret Victor - http://worrydream.com/ABriefRantOnTheFutureOfInteractionDesign/
Fits the problem poorly
Fits the user poorly
= don’t do this
Fits the problem (very) well
Fits the user(very) well
A tool amplifies
capabilities
Interaction designers shape digital things
for people’s use
Fundamentallydifferent
in their complexity
when somethingis shown here
Doing things easily and with pleasure.
Useful Usable Desirable
Doing things easily and with pleasure.
User-Centered Design
Product
Optimizing design based on how users can, want or need to use a solution.
Behavior
Doing things easily and with pleasure.
Somethingin between
Need?Goals?Behavior?
Vision
Reality
For whom?Users (≠ segments), sharing
For what purpose?Needs, goals, abilities
What?Idea, concept, prototype, product
How?Brainstorming, designing, evaluating...
Scope?Time, budget, team, effects...
Product’s behavior
User’s behavior
Context
Where to start?
UCD
Example approaches
Research
PersonasScenariosUse CasesRequirements
Design
ConceptRapid prototypesWireframesInteractive demos
Evaluation
TestingTask analysis FeedbackHeuristics
Learning about users, tasks andproduct
Solving key problems through
design
Testing and improving the
product
Research
PersonasScenariosUse CasesRequirements
Design
ConceptPaper prototypesWireframesHi-fi prototypes
Evaluation
TestingTask analysis FeedbackHeuristics
Example approaches
Research
PersonasScenariosUse CasesRequirements
Design
ConceptPaper prototypesWireframesHi-fi prototypes
Evaluation
TestingTask analysis FeedbackHeuristics
Example approaches
Personas
We can’t ask users to be with us all the time, thus we make
informed generalizations.
Zzz.
He’s not Bob IRL
Is it logical?
Is it fun?
Bob would not like that because...
Persona
• Describes imaginative users archetypes.
• Is based on the real research and observation. • Shows user goals and their behavior patterns• Helps to crack “what” and “why” questions
1-2 personas is usually enough!
“Bob”
Fake persona
• Stereotype or a caricature• Can’t be backed up• Factoids• Fun is fun, but often useless
ResourcesPrimary Secondary
Personal know-howStakeholdersOnline discussionsDomain expertsInformed guessesFeedbackSurveys
Talking to people directly,Observing their behavior
What needs are we addressing?Lets make a persona together!
What user wants to achieve (do-goal)?Why (be-goal)?
What is the current situation?Which frustrations are there at the moment?
Is there only one user or many?Where and when the activity is taking place?Is the need or the activity reoccurring?
Example template
Background Bio
Name, (age), (role), occupation, education
Photo(s)Description
E.g. use environment or context, where the problem occurs and current solutions and frustrations.
Goals
• What are the user’s end goals (e.g. “get a car”)
• 1-3 end goals
Mapping
E.g. computer skills, necessity vs fun, quality vs price.
Scenarios
What is happening?
Scenarios• Stories that help understand interactions
• A cheap way to illustrate design solution from user’s (persona’s) point of view
• Tell user’s goals, motivations and actions
• At first – lacks technical jargon
Watching a movie
Bob selects a movie, inserts it in the device and sees it begin.
Bob selects a movie and inserts it in the device. Advertisements appear, followed by settings. Bob selects movie to start.
Watching a movie
Bob grabs a controller and logs out of another person’s profile. He selects his account and sees various usage options. He opts for a movie application and sees a bookshelf-like selection of various titles. He picks a movie and sees detailed description. With his controller Bob makes the movie to begin.
Scenarios• Vary in level of details
• Can be used use cases, user stories, testing...• Great for considering common and alternative
situations as well as accessibility issues
“What should this product do?”“If the user has no wi-fi, then ... “
“...while doing, user is interrupted”
Scenarios
• without your solution present-based
• Focus is set on current practices that illustrate ‘state of the art’ and the problem context
• with your solution future-based
• Focus on how problems could be addressed (without diving into much details).
Future based
...At the practice, Lisa starts the timer. Right after the
game, she summarizes the score and adds extra training
for two players...
How will the new solution work?Lets think of a high-level scenario
• In what settings will the product be used?
• Is the persona frequently interrupted?
• With what other products will it be used?
• What primary activities does the persona need to perform to meet her goals?
• What is the expected end result of using the product?
etc.
NextFrom scenarios to paper prototypes
Resources• Cooper, Alan, Reimann, R & Cronin, D. (2007) About Face 3: The essentials of interaction design. Wiley; ISBN:
0470084111
• Hinton, Andrew. Personas and the Role of Documentation. (2008) http://boxesandarrows.com/personas-and-the-role-of-design-documentation/
• Accessibility in User-Centered Design http://www.uiaccess.com/accessucd/personas.html
• Hassenzahl, M. (2008). User Experience (UX): Towards and experiential perspective on product quality. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/238472807_User_experience_(UX)_Towards_an_experiential_perspective_on_product_quality/file/60b7d51bf4873231da.pdf
• What research methods could I use to create personas? http://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/21891/what-research-methods-can-i-use-to-create-personas
• Personas http://wiki.fluidproject.org/display/fluid/Persona+Categories
• Mike Cohn. http://www.mountaingoatsoftware.com/articles?tag=user%20stories
• Stellman & Green. Building better software. http://www.stellman-greene.com/2009/05/03/requirements-101-user-stories-vs-use-cases/
Images
• Men on a bench https://www.flickr.com/photos/scottrsmith/6194527237/sizes/l
• Woman at ATM https://www.flickr.com/photos/betsssssy/435300495/sizes/l
• User Case Map http://www.batimes.com/articles/user-stories-and-use-cases-dont-use-both.html
• Her-movie http://www.jcpe.tv/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/her_xlg.jpg
• Woman screaming http://www.pcrescuewirral.co.uk/uploads/images/mad-pc-user.jpg
• Girl using phone http://timebusinessblog.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/145670133.jpg?w=360&h=240&crop=1
• Obama girls http://media4.onsugar.com/files/2013/05/22/859/n/1922398/1a491e72c356ad1a_159848172.xxxlarge_2x/i/Malia-Sasha-Obama-got-silly-selfie-while-sitting.jpg
• Soccer practice http://whstherebellion.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/652346968_afbhm-l.jpg
• Woman on the bench: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dyncCTqpICs/T_XBEzgGf_I/AAAAAAAAEg8/MjOgjFJwT2Y/s1600/Blog+July+11th+2012+ABC+Zoom+in.JPG
• Statue http://cbsnews1.cbsistatic.com/hub/i/r/2012/01/20/0b64e26d-a644-11e2-a3f0-029118418759/thumbnail/620x350/5e3ed089979959e4be8a197144e564db/Corporate_Failure.jpg