Declarative Visualization Ivan Viola Vienna University of Technology Austria
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Pipeline Patterns
MOVADDCMP
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● Aligned with the data-flow network● Data is “thrown over fence” on visualizers● Piped into visual representation● Splatted on to the display● Viewer is staring at it
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Traditional Visualization Pipeline
Data-Centric Stage Computation-Centric Stage
User-Centric Stage
Acquisition Filtering Visual Mapping Rendering Display
Optical TransferViewingPerceptionCognition
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Direct Volume Rendering● Imperative
character● Multitude of
parameters to adjust(which could be automatized)
● Effect of parameter change is hard to predict
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Pipeline PatternsMOVADDCMP
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Visualization Goal● Visualization is enabling technology● Primary goal is to provide insight● Exploiting perceptual / cognitive capabilities ● Specific tasks to reach the goal● Strictly generic pipeline does not exist● Common pattern: visual dialog: HMD● Data: measurements, models, mental reps.● Goal is the reason for visualization
● Imperative paradigm: Splat data on the user● Declarative paradigm:
User drives visualization of data
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Information Flow
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Data-Centric Stage Computation-Centric Stage
User-Centric Stage
Acquisition Filtering Visual Mapping Rendering Display
Optical TransferViewingPerceptionCognition
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MOVADDCMP
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Pipeline PatternsMOVADDCMP
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MOVADDCMP
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MOVADDCMP
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Importance-Driven Focus of Attention
v 1
v 2
v 3
o 1
o 2
o 3
visibility estimation image-space weight
p(v 1)
p(v n)
p(o 1 |v 1)
p(o m |v n)
p(o 1) p(o m)
...
I(v i ,O) = p(o j |v i ) log∑j
m p(o j |v i)p(o j)
...
...
information-theoretic framework for optimal viewpoint estimation
v
o 1
o 2
o 3
object-space distance weight
...
[Viola et al. 2006]
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Pipeline Patterns
MOVADDCMP
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MOVADDCMP
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● Constant perceptual distancebetween shadow colorand object color
S3 S4 S5
S0 S1 S2
[Solteszova et al. 2011]
Chromatic Shadows
Assessment of Surface Perception● Gauge figure task [Koenderink et al. ‘92]
Ivan Viola 16 [Solteszova et al. 2011]
Experiment on Surface Perception● Users rotated the
gauge until it was perceived tangential to the surface
● Perceived and ground truth normal
● Tested shadow colors S0-S4 from the palette
Ivan Viola 17 [Solteszova et al. 2011]
Experiment on Depth Perception● Relative depth estimation of a yellow point
with respect to the red and blue point
Ivan Viola 18 [Solteszova et al. 2011]
User-Centric Stage
Data-Centric Stage Computation-Centric Stage
Acquisition Filtering Visual Mapping Rendering Display
Optical TransferViewingPerceptionCognition
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● Final visual design is at the end evaluated● The outcome can be…
● positive or● negative…
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Traditional Role of Evaluation
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initial transfer function
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Importance-Driven Visibility
rind = 0.25; pulp = 0.6; seeds = 0.15
MOVADDCMP
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[Viola 2005]
● The goal is to provide most accurate match between information and its perceptual stimulus
● Iterative approach of visualization redesign
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Iterative Visualization Redesign
MOVADDCMP
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Underestimation of Slant
[Stu
dy D
ata:
Col
e et
al.]
GROUND TRUTH SLANT
ESTI
MAT
ED S
LAN
T
Ivan Viola 26 [Solteszova et al. 2012]
● How is motion perceived in relation of one to another?
● Can we linearize perception of motion?
● Estimation from a motion legend
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Perceptually Uniform Motion
[Birkeland et al. 201X]
● Task: Estimate relative speed-up factor● Global scale of velocities● Direction● Contrast-type● Representation
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Studied Characteristics
[Birkeland et al. 201X]
● Task: Estimate relative speed-up factor● Global scale of velocities● Direction● Contrast-type● Representation
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Studied Characteristics
[Birkeland et al. 201X]
● Task: Estimate relative speed-up factor● Global scale of velocities● Direction● Contrast-type● Representation
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Studied Characteristics
[Birkeland et al. 201X]
● Automation and regulation systems are based on a feedback loop mechanism
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Declarative Visualization Workflow
Measurederror
SysteminputReference System output
Measured output
+
Controller System
Sensor
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● Can we learn from process automation?● What would the PID controller look like?
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Declarative Visualization Workflow
InputMeasured
error
Systeminput
Reference
System output
Measuredoutput
+
Controller
Acquisition
Filtering
System – Visual Interface
Visual Mapping Rendering
DisplayOptical Transfer
Viewing Perception
Cognition
Sensor – Study
Task
Analysis
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Measurederror
SysteminputReference System output
Measured output
+
Controller System
Sensor
● Psychophysics● Controlled Study● Surveillance
● Eye Tracking (Tobii)● Digital Pen (Lifetrons)● EEG (Emotiv)
● Crowdsourcing● Statistical Analysis● Individuality is realityIvan Viola 38
Sensor
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Statistical Model of Illustration
Eye Tracking
Pen Tracking
EEG Tracking
Surveillance
Reference Scene
IllustrationCrafting
Reference Geometry
Surveillance Data
Statistical model
InputMeasured
error
Systeminput
Reference
System output
Measuredoutput
+
Controller
Acquisition
Filtering
System – Visual Interface
Visual Mapping Rendering
DisplayOptical Transfer
Viewing Perception
Cognition
Sensor – Study
Task
Analysis
Analysis
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Pipeline Patterns
MOVADDCMP
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MOVADDCMP
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MOVADDCMP
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MOVADDCMP
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MOVADDCMP
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