Ivan Solomin Russia’s Energy Future (A Case Study of Biogas) FINAL REVIEW 2010/2011
Jun 27, 2015
Ivan SolominRussia’s Energy Future
(A Case Study of Biogas)
FINAL REVIEW 2010/2011
STRELKA INSTITUTE FOR MEDIA, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN
01
“Future city” illustrationauthor unknown
Energy, in whatever form it comes, liquid, solid fuels - or electricity, is a commodity that drives global development, plays a huge role in the geo-political relationships of the states and undoubtably makes Russia what itʼs like today.
RUSSIAN ENERGY FUTUREA MOCKUP OF POSSIBLE STEPS IN RUSSIA’SSHIFT TO THE RENEWABLE POWER.
03
CURRENT FOSSIL SOURCES
NUKES OIL GAS COALFour conventionalpower sourses
Considering the fact that fossils make Russia the way it is, I remembered the old saying: tell me who are your friends, and Iʼll tell you who you are.
This way Russia finds itself in an old, but rather doubtful company.
Conventional sources
hazardous peakyexpensive dangerous
finite
finitefinitepollutive
pollutive
very pollutive
03
CURRENT STATE OF RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGYEnergy future
An diagram shows an inventory of renewable technologies
On the other hand, renew-able technology is represented by more than 100 means of cleaner and safer energy, and growing.
FERMENTATION
sugar (I)
bioethanol
biobuthanol
bio oils
bio gas
biodiesel
bio DME
DMF
biodiesl
digestate
green diesel
hydrogen oils
biodiesel
biogas methanol
syngas
methanol
DME
hydrogen
electricity
biomethanol
bioethanol
bioethanol
biobuthanol
biohydrogen
cellulosys (II)
algae (III)
whole cell fermrntationvia catalist
flash pyrolisys
dark
photo
soil based
liquid based
lliving plant MFS
partial combustion
vegetable, waste oil and fats
algae
PYROLISYS
TRANSCESTERIFICATION
GASIFICATION
BIOMASS-TO-LIQUID
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
FRACTUAL DISTILATION
HYDRODENATION OF OIL AND FATS
CATALICTIC DEPOLIMESATION`
LIVING ALGAE FARMING
SOLAR THERMAL
PVT/T
DAYLIGHTING
SUN CHEMICAL
SUN CHEMICAL
TRACKING DEVICES
AIRBOURN
INLAND
HEAT
SMALL
MICRO
PICO
DIY
PENTON WHEEL
TIDAL STREAM (TEC)
OSMOTIC POWER
MARINE CURRENT (eg gulfstream)
OTEC
WAVE
WATER-TO-WIRE
HEATING
tempetature management
electricity
OFF-SHORE
WIND-DIESEL HYBRID
LOW t
HEATING/COOLING
WATER (SWH)
active
passive
AIR
COOKING
MID t
HIGH t
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
PHOTOVOLTAICS
glazed
CS (collector storage) bubble pump
drainback
CHS (convection heat storage)
unglazed
micro solar passive
active
direct
concentraters
passive
kitegenkitoon
water-to-earth
dry steam (I)
lagoon
free flov turbines turbines
dinamic tidal
electric double-layer capacitor
vapor pressure
flash steam (II)
binary cicle (III)
straight capturing of jazerwater fo heating
air-to-soil
rotor
kite
mars
windsocks
baloon+rotortorus baloon
WAWT
HAWT
fixed
floating
through-pass
parabolic
silicon
wind spire
ORC (organic rankine cycle)
Kalina cycle
open cycle
closed cycle
open cycle
closed cycle
Darrieur’sgyromills cycloturbines helical blades
thin film
DSSC (light absorbing dyes)
organic films
single layer
bilayer
Turbi quiet revolution
bulk
bowl
freshnell mirrors
freshnell lens
solar tover
hologram
front-pass
baskt-pass
sun owens
sun shelves
liquid
air
concentrators
kitoon
THERMOCHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION
solar combisystems
MCF fuel storage
THREMAL STORAGE BATTERY STORAGE MECHANICAL STORAGE
GRI
D S
TORA
GE
FUEL STORAGE
solar heat
different fuels forfurther conversion
CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
OTHER MICRO SCALE MEANSHEAT ENGINE
GEN
ERATO
RS
INVERTOR
FUEL CELL
AC S
TABI
LIZE
RS
GEOTHREMAL HYD
ROEN
ERGY SOLAR ENERGY
MARINE ENERGY
WIN
D E
NER
GY
BIOMASS
hydrogen production
Internal combustion
External combustion
Sterling engine
Micro heat engine
Pressure gradients Vibration Human body heat
Piezoelectric membrane generator
Induction generator
Combined heat and power
Micro heat engines
Power stabilizers
Microba
l fuel c
ell
Hydr
ogen
fuel
cell
Bloo
m E
nerg
y ce
ll
AC/D
C
Deep cycle batteries
Seas
onal
The
rmal
sto
rage
Molt
en sa
ltAc
tive/
Pass
ive o
pera
tion
Phas
e cha
nge m
ateria
lsNatu
ral so
il tem
perat
ures
Ultracapacitors
Plug-in electric vehicles
Com
pres
sed
air
Flyw
heel
Hydr
o pu
mp
stor
age
Net metering
Community sharing
storage of fuels produced via biomass
Renewable sources
04
HISTORY
History of renewable energy development in global context.
Renewable technology has seen a 170-year development history, since 1839, when the photovoltaic effect was discovered.
1840 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 1900 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10 15 20 25 30 35
The high cost of solar cells limited terrestrialuses throughout the1960s
The 1973 oil crisis stimulated a rapid rise in the production of PV during the 1970s and early 1980s
Increase in RnD for solar energy in Japan and Europe,worldwide production growthincreased to 30%
M. King Hubbard Develops the "Hubberts Peak Theory" for Measuring Oil Supply; Peak of US Oil Production Correctly Predicted
First commercialcomputer.
Formation of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in Baghdad, Iraq
Santa Barbara Oil Spill
Bringing the price down from $100 a watt to $20 per watt, solar cells could nowcompete in situations where people neededelectricity distant from power lines
Oil Production Peaksin the Lower 48 States
Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident in Pennsylvania Creates Widespread Public Opposition to Nuclear Power
Largest Nuclear Accident Ever Takes Place at Chernobyl
Exxon Valdez Disaster in Alaska Becomes the Largest Oil Spill in US Waters
BP Oil Rig Explodes & CausesLargest Oil Spill in US History
Investment programs
Earthquake off Coast of Japan Damages Six Powerplants at Fukushima Dai-ichi
Kyoto Protocol entered into force.
191 States ratify the protocol
Kyoto Protocol adopted
During the 1860s and 1870s, when “peak coal” fears swept across Europe, many people thought that civilization itself could be extinguished. Scientists and engineers insisted that solar energy could extend the industrial revolution indefinitely after coal ran out
The photovoltaic effect wasdiscovered by French scientist Edmond Becquerel in 1839
A steam engine powered by solar energy was developed by the French mathematician, August Mouchout in 1861
Hoffman Electronics-Semiconductor Division creates a 2% efficient commercial solar cell for $25/cell or $1,785/Watt.
Hoffman Electronics creates a 14% efficient solar cell.
20% efficient silicon cells are created by the Centre for Photovoltaic Engineering
Scientists at the U.S. Department of introducea photovoltaic device that converts 40.8 percent of the light that hits it into electricity
First Hydroelectric Plant, Appleton Wisconsin
First wind turbine electricity producer was the 1888 wind turbine built by Charles Brush in Cleveland, Ohio
The first commercial geothermal power plant was built in 1911 in Larderello, Italy.
In 1917, Alexander Graham Bell advocated ethanol from corn and other foodstuffs as an alternative to coal and oil, stating that the world was in measurable distance of depleting these fuels
John Ericsson,: "A couple of thousand years dropped in the oceanof time will completely exhaust the coal fields of Europe, unless, inthe meantime, the heat of the sun be employed
The first commercial solar cell at a very expensive $300 per watt
Prototype of Internet
Internet rollout Present state ofinternrt (beginning)
Opening of Texas and PersianGulf oil fields inaugurates era of cheap energy in US
1859 First Commercial Oil Well Drilled by Edwin Drake
Birth of the Modern Oil IndustryDiscovery of Texas' Vast Spindletop Oil Field
Steam engine, railway coal mining. Internal Combustion engine, electric power, plastics. Petrochemicals, electroniocs, Aviation. Digital networks softwear, new media. NBIC convergence
Of the 4,192 cars produced in the United States 28 percent are powered by electricity, and electric autos represent about one-third of all cars found on the roads of New York City, Boston, and Chicago.
Henry Ford introduces the mass-produced and gasoline-powered Model T, which will have a profound effect on the U.S. automobile market.
During the 1920s the electric car ceases to be a viable commercial product. The electric car's downfall is attributable to a number of factors, including the desire for longer distance vehicles, their lack of horsepower, and the ready availability of gasoline.
Concerns about the soaring price of oilpeaking with the Arab Oil Embargo of 1973 -- and a growing environmental movement result in renewed interests in electric cars from both consumers and producers.
Congress introduces the earliest bills recommending use of electric vehicles as a means of reducing air pollution. A Gallup poll indicates that 33 million Americans are interested in electric vehicles.
Gas prices reach record highs of more than $4 a gallon and car sales drop to their lowest levels in a decade. American automakers begin to shift their production lines away from SUVs and other large vehicles toward smaller, more fuel-efficient cars.
Development of renewable technology.
05
TREND ANALISYS
Two waves and long-lasting trends displayed.
We can identify long-lasting trends, like growing effi-ciency of renewable sources, decrease in their price, growing invironmental concerns and activity.
On the other hand, we see growing fossil fuel prices, driven by fear of peak, Middle East tensions and and increase in global energy demand.
1840 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 1900 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10 15 20 25 30 35
Steam engine, railway coal mining. Internal Combustion engine, electric power, plastics. Petrochemicals, electroniocs, Aviation. Digital networks softwear, new media. NBIC convergence
GENERALLY, WE CAN POINT OUT HIGH SEN-SITIVITY OF RENEW-ABLE POWER DEVELOP-MENT INTENSITY TO FOSSIL FUEL PRICES, ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIV-ITY AND TECHNOLOGI-CAL DISASTERS, ASSO-CIATED WITH CONVEN-TIONAL POWER SOURCES
Waves and long-lasting trends
06
TWO WAVES
Two renewable waves
Fear of peak coalStudy trips and scientific societiesPeak of industrial revolutionOil industry underdeveloped
Nearly no inveronmental concernsInsufficient information about reserves
Cheap oil discovered. Any options?
Fear of peak oilInternet, globalisationComputers, modelling, rapid prototypingHigh oil prices, spikes and shortages
High inveronmental concernsMost reserves discovered
70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 1080 85 90 95 1900
Comparison analisys
07
TRANSITION MODEL FRAMEWORK
Vectors of fossil power
consumption
time
quantity
current consumtpion
fossil resource
COMSUMPTION IS DRIVEN BY ECONOMIC DEVELOP-MENT AND POPULA-TION GROWTH.
FOSSIL RESOURCE IS FINITE AND DIMIN-ISHES NATURALLY
AT SOME POINT DE-PLEATING RESERVES WONʼT BE ABLE TO COVER GROWING ENERGY NEEDS
Fossil energy
09
TRANSITION MODEL FRAMEWORK
Model framework
cc
quantity
time
renewable resource
fossil resource
consumption
A
Fossils and renewables
08
TRANSITION MODEL FRAMEWORK
Vectors of renewable energy
cc
consumption
time
renewable resource
RENEWABLE SUPPLY IS INFINITE AT ANY POINT, AND IS ONLY CON-STRAINED WITH THE RATE OF PRODUCTION.
quantity
Renewable energy
10
TRANSITION MODEL FRAMEWORK
Rate of production and consumption
cc
time
fossil resource
A
consumption
c
fp
RATE OF FOSSIL PRO-DUCTION IS PRE-SENTED BY HUBBERT CURVE, BASED ON LO-GISTIC DISTRIBUTION MODEL, THAT TAKES INTO ACCOUNT PROVED RESERVES, RATE OF CONSUMPTION, MARKET AND POLITI-CAL FACTORS.CONSUMPTION CURVE FOLLOWS THE PRODUC-TION RATE CURVE UNTIL RESOURCE PEAKS AND START DE-PLEATING.
A SEVERE RECESSION, THAT IS LIKELY
TO BE CAUSED BY HIGH COMMODITY PRICES
DURING PEAK, WOULD TEMPORARY LOWER
ENERGY DEMAND, AS IT HAPPENED IN US IN ʻ73
Rate of production
quantityrenewable resource
11
TRANSITION MODEL FRAMEWORK
Potential renewable production and consumption
cc
time
renewable resource
fossil resource
A
consumption
c
rp
POTENTIAL RENEWABLE PRODUCTION RATE IS DRIVEN BY INVEST-MENT, VOLUME OF USE AND TECHNOLOGY DE-VELOPMENT.
fp
quantity
Potential renewable production
12
TRANSITION MODEL FRAMEWORK
Transition model
cc
consumption
t 1 t 2 time
renuwable resource
fossil resource
c
fossil price
renewable price
rp
AB
AT CURRENT LEVEL OF CONSUMPTION AT A CURRENT POINT IN
TIME T1 FOSSIL SUPPLY STILL MEETS DEMAND,
BUT THE PRICE AL-READY STARTED
GROWING, AMONG OTHER FACTORS
STIMULATING RENEW-ABLE TECHNOLOGY,
THAT AT PRESENT TIME IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
LESS THEN 20% OF CONSUMPTION.
AT SOME POINT IN TIME FOSSIL PRODUC-TION PEAKS AND STARTS TERMINAL DE-CLINE, THAT CREATES DEFICITE AND DRIVES FOSSIL PRICE EVEN HIGHER, FURTHER STIMULATING RENEW-ABLE TECHNOLOGY, UNTILL AT T2 POTEN-TIAL RENEWABLE PRO-DUCTION IS ABLE TO MEET GROWING DEMEND IN POINT B.
fp
quantity
Prices and potential production levels
13
TRANSITION MODEL FRAMEWORK
fossil resource
consumption
t 2
renuwable resource
c
fossil price
renewable price
rpfp
t 1
A
B
The shift happens not at the moment where fossil fuel is depleted, but when itʼs high price and shortage drive renewable technology to become more economicaly viable.
OVER DEVELOPMENT TIME, PRICE OF RENEW-ABLE POWER GOES DOWN, AND EVENTU-ALLY, SHORT AFTER THE POINT B, IT BECOMES LOWER THEN FOSSIL PRICE.
UNTILL THIS POINT, DESPITE THE FACT THAT RENEWABLE POWER IS DEVELOPED, FOSSIL RESOURCES ARE STILL IN USE.
Transition process
14
TRANSITION IN RUSSIA AS IN EXPORTING COUNTRY
As world oil exports approach a global peak, the price of ex-ported resource increases and further stimulates domestic eco-nomic growth and oil consump-tion in Export-Land countries, creating a positive feedback process between declining ex-ports and higher prices.
This means, that exporting country can benefit from longer use of fossil oriented infrastruc-ture and domestic resourse, ob-taining more time and financial resources to prepare fo the shift
As one of the major ex-porters of fossil re-sources, Russian hub-bert curve declines less steep, giving us a chance to make use of our status of export-oriented economy, to get redy for the peak and build a new indus-try to replace source of export profits.
Export Land model
15
STATEMENTExport Land model conclusions and perspective for Russia.
Statement for introdution of renewable power.`
Following conclusions made from transition model, we can state,
that effects of the peak are inevitable, and as exporting nation Russia is in favorable condition. We donʼt have to re-build all energy provi-sion infrostructure, today, because we can longer make use of it -
we have time to build an industry with attrac-tive investment cli-mate, using renew-ables where they are needed and viable, starting today so that when time comes we are ready.
16
SMALL SCALE COUNTER-GRID SOLUTIONS
Some footer don’t know what to say probly
Since connection of re-newable sources to the grid implies huge in-vestment, insfrastruc-tural and mind shift, it looks feasible to use them counter grid, not replacing it, but com-pensating its imperfec-tions, where it doesnʼt reach or does it im-properly.
Renewable technology as consumer product.
17
CURRENT STATE TARRIFS
Chart of state in Russian regions
Irkutsk
cheapest renewable source
Magadan
0,47 RUR/KWT/H
>3,5 RUR/KWT/H
4,85 RUR/KWT/H
At first sight, renewable power doesnʼt seem to be competitive, because state tarrifs in Russia are rather low.
But, tarrif grows every year, and is highly de-pendent on fossil re-source price. Moreover, we donʼt allways pay state tarrif.
Compared to renewable price
18
Energy provision in urban areas is usually ok, but rural areas can be off grid, have lim-ited capacity or face blackouts and power-cuts because of poor condition of power-lines and sub-stations.
GRID FORMATION
Hypothetical suburban settlement
Different ways of being connected to the grid
19
Letʼs concider a hypo-thetical rural settle-ment that is being con-nected to the grid, while remote location stays off-grid.The initial power ca-pacity is some x kwt.
GRID FORMATION
Hypothetical suburban settlement
Different ways of being connected to the grid
20
As time passes, some houses posess new home appliances, that consume more energy.
GRID FORMATION
Hypothetical suburban settlement
Different ways of being connected to the grid
21
Then, some homes are being rebuilt or mod-ernized, that again leads to increase in power consumption.
GRID FORMATION
Hypothetical suburban settlement
Different ways of being connected to the grid
22
Then some new homes are built near and con-nected to the grid as well.
GRID FORMATION
Hypothetical suburban settlement
Different ways of being connected to the grid
23
At this point capacity x is fully used.
GRID FORMATION
Hypothetical suburban settlement
Different ways of being connected to the grid
24
Newer homes are unable to connect to the same powerline.
GRID FORMATION
Hypothetical suburban settlement
Different ways of being connected to the grid
25
The have to eather get permission, that costs 20-50 000 rur per kwt/h, invest into building infrustructure , and bribe officials to speed up the process, of stay off-grid.
GRID FORMATION
Hypothetical suburban settlement
Different ways of being connected to the grid
26
Cottage settlements and townhouses are biult by developer, who invests into infra-structure himself and then charges his own tarrif.
GRID FORMATION
Hypothetical suburban settlement
Different ways of being connected to the grid
27
ONE REGION - FOUR TARRIFS.
Chart of possible tarrifs in Moscowregion
-
Notably, all this tarrifs are based on growing state tarrif, with a rate of at least 10% a year, while wind turbine electricity lifecycle cost is 4-6 rur, with a per-spective for decrease.
This way in one location there can be four different tarrifs.If we take as example Moscow region, where state tearrif is 2,5 rur per kwt/h, investment into connetcting to grig and obtain-ing aditional capacity usually end up at more then 4,5 rur, and off-grid diesel of gas gen-eration costs 10-30 rur per
3 kW VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
STATE TARRIF
ADDITIONAL POWER CAPACITY CASES
generator working on fossil fuel
Moscow region
min 10% annual growth (factors, forecasts)
may be lowered
2,54,1
4,5
10
Tarrifs at different grid formations
28
TARGET AUDIENCE
21 major cities
-
Since off-grid, and cases of unfavoraple grid formation happen in rural areas, to map our target group we should look at aglomerations of big cities, in which most dachas and ermanent rural homes are situated.
Moscow
Rostov na Donu
Yaroslavl
Voroneg
Nijni Novgorod
Saint Petersburg
Volgograd
Perm Kazan Ijevsk
SamaraUfa Cheliabinsk
EkaterinburgTumen
Saratov
Ulianovsk
Omsk
Novosibirsk
Barnaul
TomskKrasnoyarsk
Export Land model
29
GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSITY
Suburban settlements in aglomerations of major cities
Four developmenttypologies
NIGNI NOVGORODPopulation Population Population
1251
2020Aglomeration
1165
2050Aglomeration
1144
1560Aglomeration
Population Population Population
1021
1014Aglomeration
974
1155Aglomeration
614
672Aglomeration
Population Population Population
992
1306Aglomeration
1474
1800Aglomeration
838
1186Aglomeration
Population Population Population
1062
1300Aglomeration
612
731Aglomeration
11 514
14 500 Aglomeration
Population Population Population
628
1080Aglomeration
890
1175Aglomeration
592
750Aglomeration
Population Population Population
1130
1350Aglomeration
1350
2050Aglomeration
582
656Aglomeration
Population Population Population
578
760Aglomeration
4849
5400Aglomeration
1090
1800Aglomeration
SAMARA KAZAN
VOLGOGRAD KRASNOYARSK ULIANOVSK
PERM NOVOSIBIRSK SARATOV
UFA BARNAUL MOSCOW
IGEVSK YAROSLAVLVORONEG
CHELIABINSK EKATERINBURG TUMEN
MAHACHKALA ST PETERBURG ROSTOV NA DONU
21
44,3M
32%
major cities
total aglomeration
of Russian population in 2010
NIGNI NOVGOROD SAMARA KAZAN
VOLGOGRAD KRASNOYARSK ULIANOVSK
PERM NOVOSIBIRSK SARATOV
UFA BARNAUL MOSCOW
IGEVSK YAROSLAVLVORONEG
CHELIABINSK EKATERINBURG TUMEN
MAHACHKALA ST PETERBURG ROSTOV NA DONU
Aglomerations of 21 biggest cities
30
PRIVATE PUBLIC PARTNERSHIPS
Some footer don’t know what to say probly
PPPʼs are collaboration projects between state and private busi-ness, that implies positive exter-nalities for local community and national interest. This way is usefull in Russia, be-cause government somewhat takes a stake in the project and is interested in its sucess, so it would;n geopardize the initia-tive at secure the debt financ-ing.
PPPʼs are favorable for the area administra-tion - they improve in-frastructure, create new jobs, stimulate spending and regional economic indicators.
Isfastructure-based middle-scale solutions
31
BIOGAS CASE STUDY
Belgorod region
Biogas is one of the most perspective tech-nologies in russia - it is based on existing in-frastructure, resourse is virtualy free, volume of produced electric power can be regu-lated in real tive, and what is important - pro-cess, and power supply is stable, unlike sun or wind power.
My case study features a pri-vate public partnership initia-tive in Graivoron area of Bel-gorod region, that is aimed on construction of two biogas plants that produce biomethane and elecrticity from animal waste from three nearby farms.
Case overview
32
BIOGAS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Production process blueprint
BIOLOGICAL WASTE FROM ANIMALS GET INTO THE COLLECTOR
1
Steps and equipment
BIOLOGICAL WASTE FROM ANIMALS GET INTO THE COLLECTOR
1
PRE-HEATED SUBSTRATE IS PUMPED TO THE FERMENTATOR,WHERE BIOGAS IS COLLECTED IN GASGOLDER.
2
HEAT ENERGY IS MAINLY USED TOPRE-HEAT THE SUBSTRATE AND
MAINTAIN OPERATION TEMPERATURE INFERMENTATOR
33
BIOGAS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGYSteps and equipment
BIOLOGICAL WASTE FROM ANIMALS GET INTO THE COLLECTOR
1
PRE-HEATED SUBSTRATE IS PUMPED TO THE FERMENTATOR,WHERE BIOGAS IS COLLECTED IN GASGOLDER.
2
MIXED DIGESTATE GETS TO TEMPORARY LAGOON, ANDTHEN TO THE SEPARATORWHERE LIQUID AND SOLID DIGESTATES ARE SEPARATED
3
HEAT ENERGY IS MAINLY USED TOPRE-HEAT THE SUBSTRATE AND
MAINTAIN OPERATION TEMPERATURE INFERMENTATOR
34
BIOGAS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGYSteps and equipment
BIOLOGICAL WASTE FROM ANIMALS GET INTO THE COLLECTOR
1
PRE-HEATED SUBSTRATE IS PUMPED TO THE FERMENTATOR,WHERE BIOGAS IS COLLECTED IN GASGOLDER.
2
MIXED DIGESTATE GETS TO TEMPORARY LAGOON, ANDTHEN TO THE SEPARATORWHERE LIQUID AND SOLID DIGESTATES ARE SEPARATED
3
LIQUID DIGESTATE ISCOLLECTED IN LAGOON, SOLID IS STORED, BOTH ARE USED DOMESTICALLY OR SOLD.
4
35
BIOGAS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGYSteps and equipment
BIOLOGICAL WASTE FROM ANIMALS GET INTO THE COLLECTOR
1
PRE-HEATED SUBSTRATE IS PUMPED TO THE FERMENTATOR,WHERE BIOGAS IS COLLECTED IN GASGOLDER.
ELECTRICITY AND HEAT ENERGY ARE BEING PRODUCED IN CHP.
2
MIXED DIGESTATE GETS TO TEMPORARY LAGOON, ANDTHEN TO THE SEPARATORWHERE LIQUID AND SOLID DIGESTATES ARE SEPARATED
3
LIQUID DIGESTATE ISCOLLECTED IN LAGOON, SOLID IS STORED, BOTH ARE USED DOMESTICALLY OR SOLD.
4
HEAT ENERGY IS MAINLY USED TOPRE-HEAT THE SUBSTRATE AND
MAINTAIN OPERATION TEMPERATURE INFERMENTATOR
BIOGAS IS COMPRESSED BY A PUPM AND FREED FROM CONDENSATE
5
36
BIOGAS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGYSteps and equipment
37
AREA INFRASTRUCTURE
Plants in regional infrastructure
GRAIVORON AREA IS SITUATED ON THE BOARDER WITH UKRAINE, NEAR MOST RAIL-WAY AND HIGH-WAY CUSTOMS POINTS.
13
GRAIVORONAREA
UKRAINE
KURSK REGION
VORONEJ REGION
Aglomerations of 21 biggest cities
GRAIVORON
38
TWO PLANTS
Plants details
304
17720
100
1500
1668
1810
5 х 2400
1
1,7
20 000 1 550 000 960 0000
57 000 12 000 1 320 000 -
TECH SPECS PLANT 1
PRICE (EURO)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
waste capacity
biogas produced
staffterritory
Biogas plant
Project Launch and training
Tech equipment
Construction
CHP
electricity consumed
heat consumed (at -30) electricity produced
heat produced
number and volume
tonns/day
m3/day
personhectars
80 10 solid digestate tonns/day
20411 liquid digestate tonns/day
kwt
kwtkwt
kwt
item x m3
TECH SPECS PLANT 2
PRICE (EURO)
1 450
2 9 688
3 60
4 900
5 3 х 2400
6 1
7 1,2
8 51
9 387
20 000 990 000 660 000
47 000 10 000 850 000
-
Plant situated near cow farm and chicken farm, that produce 270 and 34 tonns of waste respectively.Total energy consumption of the farm is 12 M kwt/h annually.Heat energy from the plant may be used to heat the farm in winter.Digestate can be used as a suple-ment right away.
450 tonns of organic waste is produced by a farm of 4800 pigs.
waste capacity
biogas produced
Solid digestate producedLiquid digestate produced
Biogas plant
Project Launch and training
Tech equipment
Construction
CHP
electricity consumed
heat consumed (at -30) number and volume of fermentators
Staff
territiry
tonns/day
m3/day
tonns/daytonns/day
kwt
kwtitems x m3
person
gectar
1127
1108
10
11
electricity produced
heat produced
kwt
kwt
Technical characteristics
39
ECONOMICS
Project on a cost of 7,5 m euro has investment return rate of 56% over 5 year period, pays off in 2 years and 8 month.
47 160 TONNS OF DIGESTETE4 028 900 KWT/H OF HEAT POWER
20 400 700 KWT/H OF ELECTRIC POWER
Basic indicators
40
TRANSITION MODEL FRAMEWORK
750 TONNS OF WASTE COMES
DAILYFROM THREE
FARMS IN GRAIVORON AREA OF BEL-
GORODSKI REGION.
EVEN IN THIS AREA THERE ARE
MORETHAN 50
FARMS, ACROSS COUNTRY
THERE ARE THOUTHANDS.
750 tonns of cattle waste a day 365 days a year pro-duces enough energy to power needs of 6 800 fami-lies during one year.
Cattle waste is not the only raw for biogas - waste of other indus-tries, like wood production, food industry, food crops, can as well be used as raw for biogas plants.
Renewable energy
41
CONCLUSION
Some footer don’t know what to say probly
ON THE OTHER HAND, IF WE FIRST STIMULATE CON-SUMER END AND MIDDLE SCALE INDUSTRY - WE GO FROM REMOTE LOCATIONS TO THE CENTER, FROM INBETWEEN THE GRID TO FIRST GET CONNECTED TO IT REGIONALLY, THEN NATIONALLY.
If we start renewable implementation from high-cost projects that are not feasible, develop-ment will never reach remote consumers, and will stay a luxurios toy.
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