Kai Pata Tallinn University Narra1ve ecology as a design experiment Smile and the world will smile back:) Based on: hAp://1hane.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/pata_designexperiment_book.pdf
Kai Pata
Tallinn University
Narra1ve ecology as a design experiment
Smile and the world will smile back:)
Based on: hAp://1hane.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/pata_designexperiment_book.pdf
Some topics
• Hybrid ecosystem • Design experiment: Narra1ve ecology
• Narra1ve swarming
What is a hybrid ecosystem? • Hybrid refers to the structural property of the world that is achieved by deliberate blending of geographical spaces with collabora1ve environments (such as blogs, microblogs, wikis, social repositories and ‐networks).
• The borders of geographical spaces and par1cipatory soSware environments can be blurred or eliminated embedding ar1facts across borders.
What is a hybrid ecosystem? • Ecosystem term together with its explanatory sub‐concepts place and niche describes how such hybrid geographical places and par1cipatory soSware environments together with their users also represent a complex func1onal system. – Place is a personally meaningful spot in the surrounding environmental space, containing holis1c conglomera1on of events, objects, emo1ons and ac1ons of an individual in the place .
– A niche in our context is a community‐specific and community‐determined subspace in hybrid ecosystem, an op1mally meaningful region for the community.
Ecosystem of knowledge
What is a hybrid ecosystem?
• Hybrid ecosystem is an ecologist view to the dynamic system consis1ng of an augmented space in which ac1vi1es of people with various ar1facts in geographical loca1ons using par1cipatory social soSware create a feedback loop to this space that influences the evolu1on of communi1es and determines their interac1on in this space.
Hybrid space and narra1ve self
• The everyday ac1vi1es of many networked individuals flow and connect real world with virtual worlds.
• The extension beyond our real spaces towards virtual ones makes us distributed beings spa1ally and ac1vity‐based.
• Is a hybrid narra,ve one of our new way of being?
Can we map our ac1vity flow and our narra1ves in hybrid ecosystem?
Favorite digital extensions in hybrid ecosystem
We hybridize places
• In the course of ac1on we hybridize places, enabling for ourselves interac1on with the space using tangible, visible, audible, olfactory cues.
• We no1ce, use and signify meaningful dimensions of the space and make them into our places.
• We extend ourselves into the hybrid space, being part of our places through ac1vi1es, emo1ons and meanings.
• Hybrid ecosystem func1ons as a result of our hybrid percep1on as a peculiar explora1ve strategy.
We have different perspec1ves to places but some1mes perspec1ves overlap
We can experience and share and collaborate on
narra1ves in virtual reality
Narra1ves can be geo‐loca1vely
embedded to the urban places
Understanding aspects of human cogni,on
Engineering innova,ve learning environments for collabora,on
What?
How?
Ontospace as a representa1on of hybrid ecosystem
• Hybrid ecosystem can be visualised as an ontospace
• Ontospace dimensions – such as tags define the abstract space… what we do then can be called ontobranding
• So ontospace is defined boAom up way, it contains soS ontology
• Ideally ontospace can have geocoordinates, meaning coordinates, also coordinates in virtual world
• Taking a perspec7ve… defining my place in ontospace during ac1on, for example during narra1ve ac1on
• Niche is a community space in ontospace
• We always try to adopt our behaviors so that we fit into the niche
• Each individual of the community leaves signals and longer traces as a trajectory to ontospace, thus defining the community niche.
• Hybrid ecosystem is always in the evolving state
Characteris1cs of design experiments • Design experiments are: – Mediated by innova1ve technology, – Embedded in everyday social contexts, – Models that help to test new learning paradigms, – Useful to create fundamental scien,fic understanding of learning and knowledge‐building.
• Challenges of design experiments: – Complexity of real‐world situa,ons and their resistance to experimental control,
– Large amounts of data arising from a need to combine ethnographic and quan1ta1ve analysis,
– Comparing across designs.
Learning materials
Hybrid ecology
Reflec1on
Group
tools
Course to
ols
Course tasks and reflec1on Course monitoring
Storytelling tools
Course registra1on, outline
Wikiversity
Wikiversity Design experiment
link link link rss
rss
link link link, rss
link
link rss
Person
al to
ols
Design‐based research tes1ng theories
THEORY
What is our theory of construc1ng narra1ves in
hybrid ecologies?
DESIGN
WHY?
WHAT? HOW?
1
How is storytelling in hybrid reality performed
effec1vely?
2
DEVELOPING DESIGN
TESTING
EVALUATING THEORY
Storytelling in new media
• We may try to reintroduce old formats of fic1on in new social soSware environments. – A typical approach is to segment the story into small chapters, making it available to the broad audience who is allowed to rate or comment the story.
• Yet, it is important to find out, which completely new storytelling standards might emerge in hybrid ecosystem.
Imaginary obtains geographical dimensions
hAp://www.oldton.com/our_oldton.html
My father would go to look sea in Cliffs and take a beer in local brewery
Imaginary town created from people’s stories
hAp://www.carlosruizzafon.co.uk/shadow‐walk.html
Different modes of wri1ng may express different rela1onships to space and mobility.
Experiencing “Shadow of the wind” in Barcelona: a hybridized story in geographical loca1ons
Design‐based research to develop systems & methods
DESIGN
WHY?
WHAT? HOW?
THEORY
THEORY
Which theories are applicable?
Which tools and methods might work?
ACCOMMODATING PRACTICE WITH
THEORY
EVALUATING PRACTICE
Visibility within hybrid ecosystems
Ecosystems are not closed to visitors and contributors
Swarming
• Describes self‐organizing behavior in popula1ons by which local interac,ons between decentralized simple agents can create complex global swarming behavior.
• Every agent is only responsible for its individual ac1ons.
• Swarm intelligence refers to systems which accomplish complex global tasks through the simple local interac1ons of autonomous agents.
• Swarm intelligence relies upon the emergent proper1es of its components to manifest itself. Emergence is the process by which complex paAerns form out of the interac1on of simpler rules.
Examples
AAractors are leS on the trail
• Foraging is a behavior of loca1ng food and transpor1ng it back to the nest.
• The ants are individuals responding to their own sensory informa1on and pheromone signals.
• Pheromones are chemical basis for ant communica1on deposited/detected by ants.
Deposit aDractant pheromone on the trail from food. Follow the pheromone up its concentra,on gradient to the source. Increase pheromone concentra,on to aAract more. This posi,ve feedback loop produces a swarm of ants to quickly transport the food source.
Individuals become trail markers • For a low density of individuals it is beneficial to use linear chains to form a path for search.
• With high density of individuals, a more branched structure is a beAer choice for search.
Campo & Dorigo, 2008
AAractor is connected with building blocks In the first, a termite picks up a soil pellet, mas1cates it into a paste and injects a termite‐ aArac1ng pheromone into it. When the pellet is deposited, the pheromone s1mulates nearby termites to pellet‐gathering behavior and makes them more likely to deposit their pellets nearby. Second, small obstacles in the terrain s1mulate pellet deposits and can seed pillars. Finally, a trail pheromone allows more workers to be drawn to a construc1on site. Building the termite nest is a swarming behavior
Types of communica1on in swarms
• altering the environment • reading informa,on from the environment
For example, when an individual finds some loca1on of interest it deposits a chemical signal, which draws other agents to it.
By using this method the environment itself becomes a shared memory.
Individual search
Detec1ng aAractor object
Collec1ng and leaving signal trail
Selected no1cing
Following the signal trail
Modified signal
Feedback loop from the
environment
Analogy
Increasing pheromone concentra1on
Detect the signal disturbance
False pheromone
Finding food
Fading in 1me
Swarm‐individual viability
• In social swarms individuals rely on the swarm behavior.
• Swarm level ac1vi1es create condi1ons for individual viability.
Social soSware
mashing
pulling
social retrieval INDIVIDUAL AS A NARRATOR
Quan1ta1ve defini1on of swarm intelligence
• Performance gains through swarming occurs when a cri,cal mass of agents come together and enter a posi,ve feedback loop.
• Explicit use of the environment in agent interac1ons means that environmental dynamics are directly integrated into the system’s control, and in fact can enhance system performance.
Narra1ve cues in swarms
• Swarms are communi1es in which decision‐making takes place based on cues/traces leS by individual swarm members in the environment or picked up from their real ac1vi1es.
• These cues may be small narra1ve or visual pierces or longer stories.
Individual search
Detec1ng aAractor object
Collec1ng and leaving signal trail
Selected no1cing
Following the signal trail
Modifying the signal
Previous experience
Feedback loop from the
environment
Dis1nguishing feature
Analogy
Increasing aAractor concentra1on
Detect the signal disturbance
Wri1ng narra1ve, mashing, tagging, geo‐tagging
No1cing a story
Collabora1ng, cloning the story
Expanding, transla1ng, interpre1ng
Abduc1on New story
Visibility
Story dimensions in joint blog
Awareness in flickr and twiAer
Standards: Monitoring mashed narra1ves is most popular
Hybrid narra1ves as
digital graffi1?
Hybrid graffi1 flows between the real place and the virtual narra1ve
Embedding self to the narra1ves
Shadow signatures as digital watermarks on narra1ves
Some1mes narrator is a part of the picture as a shadow.
Places evoke personal stories
Day one
Day two
Day three
Reusing and muta1ng the
content
Originally uploaded by Olga
Used by Geroli
Reused by Auli
Personal stories:
comparing other
pictures with own
Your memory filters stories
In Red Narra1ve, I tried to express my emo1ons visually (signs, leAers, places, abstract shapes). I chose red because this color is expression of hidden hyper feelings and thoughts (trying to come over the sickness, par1cipa1ng in different events, avoiding the depressive moments, some failures in studies, errors in some situa1ons, organiza1ons, contrasts of emo1ons, lack of sun, winter, spring feelings, etc). This is a conceptual collec1on of “similar” photos labeled in “red”.
Your emo1on filters the story
Smile and the world will smile back:)
Image repositories as triggers of personal narra1ves
How would you describe happiness?
Entangled dimensions as triggers
Perceiving several dimensions simultaneously enables to tag loca1vely ac1vi1es, emo1ons and even these percep1ons that we cannot really transfer through virtual reality.
Playing with literary narra1ves
Estonia is a country of legends. 'When you fly into Estonia, you go over Lake Ülemiste, which lies high up to the east of the city. The lake has an inhabitant, according to local myth – the 'Ülemiste Elder' (Ülemiste vanake), who by legend comes to the city gates every Thursday and asks 'Is Tallinn finished yet?' To which the residents answer, 'No, not yet' – if they answer 'yes', the figure would then flood the city.
From the legend
Referencing on literature Gosh! I never thought I would see Voldemort statue... I mean You Know Who... Hope he is not a social network addict :)
Contras1ng subjects and environment
Be classy even if You are on trash bin!
Collabora1on emerges without
planning
Places are powerful triggers
Embedding feelings to places
Themes are followed
Buildings and places are personified and loaded emo1onally
Collabora1on triggers: food
Collabora1on triggers: emo1ons
Collabora1on: ac1vity on the picture triggers curiosity
Dedica1ng content as a form of collabora1on
Dedicated image
• Yesterday I walked around and recorded some city sounds ‐ like tram and trolleybuses speaking out next stop names, voices on the streets and so on. Had an idea that maybe Geroli would like to enrich her tram narra1ve with a sound file as well. But of course I picked the wrong tram :)
A tram narra1ve example
Adding content to another story
Picking up traces and ac1ng in geographical places
Ini1a1ng Social art ac1vity
Mixed body parts
• As in previous projects there were less people on images I came up with the idea of new narra1ve using parts of bodies in urban environment and trace the dimension of urban hybrid being, thus research how different people perceive and par1cipate.
• For this experiment common tag besides #narra1veecology is mixedbodies and then for par1cular images ‐ head, foot, torso, arm.
• In flickr you can easily organise photos in a batch (rotate, add tags, geo loca1on to all needed pictures at once and send them to the group sets ;).
Mixed body parts
It is not easy to trigger par1cipa1on
The flickr group is created and you are welcome to add your body parts.
Commen1ng as a form of no1cing
I don’t exactly know what this pain1ng represents, but it caught my eye. On one hand it made me think of panthers hiding, on the other hand I was thinking of movement. Do you see something else in it?
Embedding ac1on triggers to the hybrid space
Map explora1on from the pool of narra1ves
Map as the trigger for narra1ves
Make your narra1ves sequen1al on the map by using My maps of the Google Map. Start a map and draw your path on the map. The Flickr images can be pulled as a new layer on top of your personal map and you can search only specific tags enrich your map.
Mapped stories: Narra1ve paths in the city
Following the trace in town and collabora1ng I can follow his trail hihihihi…
OAavio ‐ #narra1veecology hats! ‐ photo: hAp://bkite.com/078fo. hAp://1nyurl.com/cld87z
Collabora1ng on “Hats”
Reusing and muta1ng the
content
Originally uploaded by Olga
Used by Geroli
Reused by Auli
Love
Let’s imagine that you wish to collaborate on the map. One person switches on one tag dimension and adds something on the collabora1ve map. Another collaborator may switch on totally different tag and the images direct to make more adds on the map.
trees
Collabora1vely ac1vated city dimensions
Stories as narra1ve dimensions
I have wriAen three stories: ‘an ecology story’ is about my percep1ons related to theory of narra1ve ecology; ‘an invasion story’ is about natural world invading as ar1facts; and ‘ sustainable message story’ is about messages that are recycled on ar1facts.
The tag onto‐space of my stories
Surveillance
• Par1cipa1ng in social networks resides on social surveillance.
• However, when many transac1ons are aggregated, paDerns become visible.
• Narra1ve paAerns may be used to assemble a detailed profile revealing the ac1ons, habits, beliefs, loca1ons frequented, social connec1ons, and preferences of the individual.
• Swarms can use it as environmental informa1on to adopt them beDer to the environment.
Sousveillance [suːˈveɪləns]
• Involves community‐based recording of an ac1vity from the perspec1ve of a par1cipant in the ac1vity.
• Personal sousveillance is the art, science, and technology of personal experience capture, processing, storage, retrieval, and transmission.
• In social networks • Swarm decides, leads and makes its own choices
• The main is triggering swarm and leaving swarm signals
Swarm marke1ng
Marke1ng swarms by Chuck Brymer
• Today, we are dealing with a swarm where people gather and deposit informa1on with the collec1ve intelligence of an en1re social network.
• Ul1mately the swarm decides whether your brand is a peer or a predator, and does so quickly and disrup1vely.
• Since you only control part of this informa1on, it will become more cri1cal than ever to engage the people who influence swarm communi,es.
• Once a swarm has been launched, human overseers can observe its emerging behavior and intervene on an excep,on basis.
Swarm marke1ng of shoes for na1onal dance party in Facebook, Microblog and social repositories (eg. Flickr)
Untrustworthy communica1on is possible
• An enemy trying to conceal the search target, may spread false signals to aAract the agents to a loca1on of liAle interest.
• Strategy: respond to an external signal only if it passes a threshold value.
• Strategy: in case of detected communica1on disturbance enter to an isola,on state for a 1me and act independently not responding to external signals.
What happens if compe1ng brand uses swarming in same ecosystem?
Swarm marke1ng of na1onal items in Facebook
Ques1ons
• What kind of aAractors work in the hybrid ecology swarms?
• Can these aAractors be used for triggering marke1ng swarms?
• Monitoring swarm paAerns becomes essen1al to sell beAer, to trigger for swarming, but how can we monitor automa1cally?
• Can we avoid being monitored without harming swarming? What and where to restrict access, and think of security?
Contact: Kai Pata [email protected] blog: hAp://1hane.wordpress.com