ITU-T and Smart Grid Dr. Stefano Galli Rapporteur ITU-T Q4c/15 – Comms for Smart Grid Co-convenor of JCA on Smart Grid and Home Networking ITU-T Tutorial.

ITU-T and Smart Grid

Dr. Stefano GalliRapporteur ITU-T Q4c/15 – Comms for Smart Grid

Co-convenor of JCA on Smart Grid and Home Networking

ITU-T Tutorial and Presentations2 July 2012

Outline

Introduction to ITUITU and Smart GridITU’s family of PLC recommendationsITU cooperation with other SDOs

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Founded in 1865, oldest specialized UN agencyITU = ITU-T + ITU-R + ITU-D

ITU-T: develops ICT standardsITU-R: manages radio spectrum & satellite orbits ITU-D: promotes ICT development

Common Patent Policy among ITU/ISO/IEC Basis for the international telecommunications networks, over 3000 standards (Recommendations)Increasingly extending to all aspects of ICTs

Strategic objectives (2012-2015):Coordination and international cooperationProduction of global standardsBridging the standardization gapDissemination of information

Introduction to ITU

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New work items can be agreed and started at any time, no complex procedures are necessary

Work areas (Questions) in each Study Groups are up and running

Fast in developing standardsFrom weeks to 2-3 years

Recommendations can be approved very fast Average: 9.5 weeks

Very fast in publishing standardsCouple of weeks for pre-published web version after approvalA few months for edited version

Efficient Working Methods

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Introduction to ITUITU and Smart GridITU’s family of PLC recommendationsITU cooperation with other SDOs

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The fundamental challenge in power grids is to ensure the balance of generation and demand The fundamental challenge in the Smart Grid is to ensure balance of generation and demand when integrating all those new technologies that are aimed at addressing in a sustainable manner energy independence and modernization of the aging power grid:

Utility scale Renewable Energy Sources (RES) feeding into the transmission systemDistributed Energy Resources (DER) feeding into the distribution systemPlug-in (Hybrid) Electric Vehicles (PHEV)Demand Side Management (DSM) Consumer participationStorage to compensate for the time varying nature of some renewables

Role of ICT in Smart Grid

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• Supporting the above technologies and applications, requires the availability of a modern, flexible, and scalable communications network that ties monitoring and control together

• The true “key” enabler for the Smart Grid is the availability of a pervasive two-way data communication network across the whole grid, from generation to load

Smart grid services & applications

Security control and management

Intelligent grid management

Advance metering infrastructure

Home automation (appliances, PEV, etc.)

Information Communication Infrastructure

Role of ICT in Smart Grid

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Related work in ITU-TItems SGs and aspects

(1) M2M

FG M2MService Layer use cases, requirements, APIs and protocols for healthcare and other application

SG13Q3/13 USN, MOCQ12/13 Ubiquitous networking (object to object communication)

SG15 Q1/15 IP home networkSG16 Q25/16 USN applications and services

(2) Smart metering

SG15 Q4c/15 PHY/DLL aspects of smart metering

(3) Vehicle communication

CITSCollaboration on ITS Communication Standards http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/extcoop/cits/

SG13 Q12/13 networked vehicle

SG16Q27/16 Vehicle gateway platform for telecommunication/ITS services /applications

(4) Access and Home networking

SG13 Q12/13 Next generation home network

SG15

Q1 and Q2/15 IP home network and access network QoSQ4a/15 Broadband in-premises networking Q4b/15: Home networking related Smart Grid communications

SG16 Q21/16 home network services(5) Energy saving network

SG13 Q21/13 Future network

(6) Smart Grid SG15 Q4c/15 Communications for Smart Grid

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When?Established in Feb. 2010, concluded in Dec. 2011

Management TeamTitle NameChairman Mr Les Brown (Lantiq, Germany)Vice Chairman Ms Li Haihua (MIIT, China)Vice Chairman Mr Hyungsoo Kim (Korea Telecom, Korea)Vice Chairman Mr Yoshito Sakurai (Hitachi, Japan)Vice Chairman Mr David Su (NIST, USA)TSB Secretariat Mr Hiroshi OtaTSB Assistant Ms Emmanuelle Labare

Focus Group on Smart Grid

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Scope:Identify impacts on standards developmentInvestigate ITU-T study itemsFamiliarize ITU-T with emerging attributes of Smart GridEncourage collaboration between ITU-T membership and utilities/Smart Grid community

Objective:Collect and document information and concepts that would be helpful for developing Recommendations to support Smart Grid from an ICT perspective

Web site:http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/smart/

FGSmart - Scope

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Tasks assigned to the Focus Group to meet this objective include:

update living list of standards bodies, forums, and consortia dealing with smart grididentify use cases of smart grid that can be used to derive communication network requirementsanalyze communication networking requirement functions and capabilities to support smart gridprovide terminology/taxonomy necessary to support Smart Gridsuggest future ITU-T study items and related actions

The complete terms of reference can be found at:http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/smart/Pages/tor.aspx

FGSmart - Tasks

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FGSmart - Output

Concluded in 12/2011, FGSmart produced five documents:

Use Cases for Smart GridRequirements of communication for Smart GridSmart Grid ArchitectureSmart Grid OverviewTerminology

Documents are available at http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/smart/

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Joint Coordination Activity onSmart Grid and Home Networking

(JCA-SG&HN)Successor mechanism after the FG on Smart GridCreated in January 2012The scope is the coordination of standardization work concerning all network aspects of Smart Grid and Home NetworkingDetails available at:

http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/jca/SGHN/Pages/default.aspx

Title Name

Convener Mr Richard Stuart (Lantiq, Germany)

Co-convener Mr Les Brown (Lantiq, Germany)

Co-convener Mr Stefano Galli (ASSIA, USA)

ITU Secretariat Mr Hiroshi Ota

ITU Assistant Ms Emmanuelle Labare 13

New Q4c/15 Rapporteur Group

Officially formed in January 2012, but work initiated earlier in Q4Scope:

Physical layer, data link layer, network layer, and transport layer communications protocols in support of smart grid applicationsCommunications architecture in support of Smart Grid applicationsCommunications requirements in support of Smart Grid applications

Current projects:NB-PLC, PHY and DLLShort range wireless 14

Introduction to ITUITU and Smart GridITU’s family of PLC recommendationsITU cooperation with other SDOs

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G.9955/56(G.hnem)9-490 kHz

G.9960/61(G.hn LCP)2-25 MHz

G.9960/61(G.hn)

2-100 MHz

ITU-T family of PLC Recommendations

G.9960/61: Multiple media, bit rates of hundreds Mb/s to 1Gb/s; MIMO for PLC; BB networking & entertainment

G.9960/61 LCP: Reduced bit rate (5-20 Mb/s), complexity, and power consumption

G.9955/56 - NB PLC family: Bit rates up to 1 Mb/s, high robustness; low complexity and power consumption

Highestperformance

Lowestcost 16

• ITU has given final approval to a family of next generation OFDM-based NB-PLC international standards:o Rec. G.9955 (PHY) approved in 12/2011 o Rec. G.9956 (DLL) approved in 11/2011

• Low complexity OFDM-based NB-PLC technology optimized for Smart Grid and home automation, addresses both access (low/medium voltage distribution lines) and in-home applications at frequencies below 500 kHz

• G.9955 and G.9956 contain the specifications of three separate and self-contained NB-PLC standards:

1. G.hnem: a new NB-PLC technology developed by ITU-T in cooperation with members of the G3-PLC and PRIME Alliances;

2. G3-PLC: an established and field-proven NB-PLC technology contributed by members of the G3-PLC Alliance

3. PRIME: an established and field-proven NB-PLC technology contributed by members of the PRIME Alliance

See also ITU Press Release, Dec. 2011 http://www.itu.int/net/pressoffice/press_releases/2011/CM16.aspx

NB-PLC Recommendations

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G.hn suite of BB-PLC RecsBest-in-class home networking performance (up to 1 Gbps) supporting all types of inside wiring:

Powerline, Coax, Phoneline, CAT 5

Best-in-class ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) control tools (in cooperation with ITU-R experts)

PSD limit and shaping, fixed & dynamic frequency notchingNecessary tools to meet the ucoming CENELEC prEN 50561-1 requirementsDynamic power control minimizes transmitted power

G.hn Recommendations:G.9960 Physical layer (support of relay nodes)G.9961 Data link layer (supports full QoS and multicast)G.9962 HN management (including BBF TR69 support)G.9963 MIMO (advanced performance)G.9964 HN power spectrum limits for EMCG.9972 coexistence with other broadband PLC systems 18

G.9972 – BB-PLC coexistence 1/3• An in-home PLC network is not contained within the home

• PLC signals in neighboring apartments will interfere with each other• The meter is not a gate, in many cases offers only a few dB of signal

attenuation so that also in-home and utility PLC networks will interfere

• Problem is worsened by:• An increase in residence density, rural areas are less affected• Cross-cable coupling in multiple dwelling units• Penetration of PLC technology• Usage of PLC spectrum is not regulated so that any PLC technology can

use channel resources without having any legal obligation to protect other PLC technology from interference

• The issue of mutual interference can hinder the success of PLC because of the availability of multiple non-interoperable PLC standards and a plethora of non-interoperable proprietary ones:

• Standards: IEEE 1901-FFT, IEEE 1901-Wavelet, G.996x (G.hn), IEC-ISO/IEC 12139-1

• Proprietary: HomePlug AV/Extended, HomePlug Green PHY, Panasonic HD-PLC, UPA Powermax, Gigle MediaXtreme, etc.

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G.9972 – BB-PLC coexistence 2/3• The solution to interference between non-interoperable PLC

technologies is “coexistence” (CX), a resource sharing protocol that allows PLC technologies to share the medium

• The Inter-System Protocol (ISP) is a BB-PLC CX scheme that allows CX of up to four simultaneously present technologies

• Included in the IEEE 1901 PHY/MAC standard • Standardized as a stand-alone recommendation in ITU-T G.9972• Compliance with G.9972 implies compliance with ISP in IEEE 1901

• The ISP CX scheme in G.9972 can be used to ensure that:• in-home, access, and Smart Grid SDO-based broadband PLC will

coexist – it currently supports CX between IEEE 1901-FFT, IEEE 1901-Wavelet, and G.hn and can be modified to include also IEC-ISO/IEC 12139-1

• the operation of Smart Grid and home networking devices can be decoupled and allowed to mature at their own obsolescence rate

• utilities and service providers can avoid resolving service issues caused by interference between non-interoperable PLC devices

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NB-PLC and BB-PLC coexistence 3/3• In one word, coexistence=“insurance that PLC will not stop working”

due to interference created by neighboring non-interoperable devices• As a response to concerns that some vendors may not implement ISP

in their products, SGIP PAP 15 made the strong recommendation to NIST that all broadband PLC technologies mustmust implement ISP and also turn it on at all times

• For the success of CX it is necessary to have the availability of an international and stand alone standard, and G.9972 ensures this

• Further work in PAP 15 is being done to harmonize the various NB-PLC technologies. Three CX mechanism are specified in G.9955:

• Frequency division (FD) CX mechanism - allows suppressing interference from G.9955 into a particular frequency band or bands by using non-overlapping G.9955 bandplans;

• Frequency notching CX mechanism – shall be used to suppress interference from G.9955 into a particular (relatively narrow) frequency range by notching out one or more subcarriers;

• Preamble-based CX mechanism – shall be used by G.9955 to fairly share the medium with other types of PLC technologies operating over the same frequency band (and utilizing this coexistence mechanism). The definition of this coexistence mechanism is for further study.

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Introduction to ITUITU and Smart GridITU’s family of PLC recommendationsITU cooperation with other SDOs

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The “union” between the Communications and Power industries is still unconsummated, but it will happen as building a new ICT infrastructure is very costly

Telecom industry and service providers have a very important role in the smart grid

Cloud based hosted energy service providers will reach the home also via existing broadband access technologiesBroadband access can have a role in demand side management

Another driver for convergence is that Smart Grid does not end at the meter but it enters the home.

Many aspects of the Smart Grid are directly related to the availability of a home networking and consumer participation is key in demand side management programsThis will also shape the future of the Consumer Electronics industry through new energy efficiency standards

Smart Grid A Driver for Convergence

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The power grid often crosses international or jurisdictional boundaries, but applications and devices must interoperate regardless of those boundariesThe Telecom/Power/CE convergence for the Smart Grid will drive a new echo-system of products and this must happen under the auspices of International SDOsITU-T can have a major role in facilitating the convergence of the communications, power, and CE worldsCooperation between the major International SDOs is key to success!

Importance of Global Standards in Smart Grid

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Global coordination on Smart Grid is taking place in IEC Strategic Group 3

IEC SG 3 comprises expertise from all activities in IECITU-T has full representation and participation in SG3

PC118: Smart Grid User InterfaceCreated in Nov. 2011Scope: Standardization of information exchange for demand response and connecting demand side equipment/systems into the smart gridITU-T proposal for coordinating and contributing ICT related aspects has been approved

Cooperation via ITU-T Joint Coordination Activity on Smart Grid and Home Networking (JCA SG&HN)

IEC and ITU intensify cooperation

[email protected]

Thank you!

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