ITU - Setting the standard

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2012 - 2016

“Setting the Standard...”YEARS

Table of ContentsForeword ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

Setting the standard ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

Broadband ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13

Multimedia ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17

IoT, Smart cities & Green ICTs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21

Cybersecurity and numbering ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 31

Economic & Policy Issues --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35

Bridging the standardization Gap ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39

Performance, Quality and interoperability -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43

Standardization innovation and cooperation --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49

The ITU standardization platform ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 57

The official, full-length Director’s report can be downloaded from the ITU website

http://www.itu.int/md/T13-WTSA.16-C-0028/en

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ForewordThe 2013-2016 study period has seen key results achieved in standardization areas characterized by ITU leadership, and ITU members have taken bold steps towards ensuring that ITU-T is well-positioned to serve emerging standardization demands. WTSA-16 will consolidate the progress that we achieved over the past four years, refining the strategic direction and structure of ITU-T to support the next phase of innovation in information and communication technology (ICT).

ITU leadership in standardization for an interconnected world

ITU-T is a renowned centre of excellence in standardization for transport and access technologies. ITU members have completed a set of highly anticipated broadband access technologies in G.fast, a new broadband standard capable of achieving up to 2 Gbit/s access speeds over traditional telephone wires; as well as 40-Gigabit-capable Fibre to the Home, the first series of standards to provide fibre-optic access speeds beyond 10 Gbit/s. ITU members also boast a major recent achievement in the revision of a key ITU standard underlying the Optical Transport Network, concluding a three-year process to enable optical transport at rates higher than 100 Gbit/s.

ITU H.265 ‘High Efficiency Video Coding’ – the successor to the Primetime Emmy award-winning ITU H.264 ‘Advanced Video Coding’ – offers double the compression power of H.264 to provide the platform for the next decade of innovation in video. A new standard defining the requirements for high-quality 4G mobile communications has joined ITU’s portfolio of

standards to assist operators in their work to offer services of the quality necessary to attract and retain customers in today’s competitive business environment.

We have achieved considerable progress in our efforts to provide an enabling environment for ICT standardization to support the convergence of technologies and industry sectors.

The collaboration of telecommunications and over-the-top players has ushered concepts rooted in data-centre networking into the telecoms industry, with new ITU standards in areas such as software-defined networking easing the migration to new ways of networking.

The wide array of industry sectors now in demand of ICT standards has drawn great value from ITU, with new standards agreed in areas such as e-health, smart grid and intelligent transport systems. Collaboration with e-health players, for example, has delivered ITU standards providing interoperability design guidelines for personal health systems, supporting the development of medical-grade e-health devices.

Our recent achievements in increasing the capacity and intelligence of ICT networks and devices, as well as our successes in building cooperation between various vertical

sectors, have established a strong basis to support the next five years of ICT innovation.

The approach to 2020: Trusted information infrastructure for 5G, IoT and smart cities

The years approaching 2020 will be a pivotal period in the development of the global ICT ecosystem. We will see 5G systems beginning to take shape, and investments in long-lived urban infrastructure will incorporate investments in ICTs to build IoT-enabled smart cities. ITU is supporting the ICT community in its work to create a post-2020 environment where we will all have access to affordable, reliable communications; where highly-reliable ICTs will be core to innovation in all industry sectors.

Our Focus Group on IMT-2020 (5G) has undertaken a preliminary study into the wireline networking innovations required to support the ambitious performance targets of 5G systems. The formation of the new ITU-T Study Group 20 has contributed to the consolidation of over ten years of ITU activity in IoT standardization and the group’s work targeted towards smart cities will provide valuable stimulus to this key IoT application area. ITU members are also engaged in a new

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Chaesub Lee Director, ITU Telecommunication Standardization Bureau

standardization effort to define the principles of a trusted ICT environment, one that will be integral to the achievement of our priorities in the spheres of 5G, IoT and smart cities.

Our technical standardization work in these and other high-priority domains will receive strong support from the leading role that ITU plays in crafting the policies that govern the interplay of standards and intellectual property rights. ITU standardization work on economic and policy issues relevant to international communications will also make an essential contribution to ensuring that technical developments of coming years are supported by innovation in overarching policy frameworks.

WTSA-16 to fortify the globally inclusive ITU standardization platform

Standardization is a tool that offers vital assistance to ICT development. Bringing cohesion to the unceasing innovation of the ICT community, international standards provide an equitable basis for ICT development worldwide. The task of WTSA-16 is to ensure that ITU provides its members with a standardization toolkit optimized to assist government and industry in achieving their ambitions for year 2020 and beyond.

The principles underlying the ITU standardization process ensure that all voices are heard, that our standards efforts do not favour particular commercial interests, and that resulting standards have the consensus-derived support of the diverse set of stakeholders that comprise the ITU membership. This inclusivity of ITU’s standardization platform – supported by our Bridging the Standardization Gap programme – will assist in offering all the world’s countries equal opportunity to benefit from the ICT advances to be achieved in the approach to year 2020. I am certain that we will see the inclusivity and efficiency of this platform fortified by the decisions of WTSA-16.

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#ITUWTSA http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/wtsa16

Be a part of it

References: Intel, IDC, Cisco, ITU.

Join us at WTSA-16 in Hammamet, Tunisia, from 25th October to 3rd November, to play a part in crafting the future of ICT.

2020 vision and beyond

Over 300 new ITU standards released each year

Over 4000 active standards in use

WTSA-16 will provide members with a standardization toolkit optimized to assist government and industry in achieving their ambitions for the year 2020 and beyond.The future of standardization will be driven by 5G, IoT and Trust as enablers supporting the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

2020 Vision

5G

IoT Trust

BIGDATA Market-driven

standardsReal-time

standardization

Setting the agendaAt WTSA-16, ITU members will meet to re�ne the strategic direction, leadership and structure of ITU’s standardization arm. WTSA-16 will fortify the inclusivity of ITU’s standardization platform, helping to bridge the digital divide.

meetings worldwide

+5000 participants

100+WTSA-16 regional

preparatory meetings

193 700+industry players

academic and research

institutes

120+MemberStates

virtual meetings

+5000 virtual participants

1000+ 20+

Aviation �ight-data monitoring

Smart cities

ITU standards support a wide array of industry sectors in their use of ICTs as enabling technologies and assist in meeting the challenges of the 21st century.

Enabling next-generation apps and services

Smart Grid

Disaster relief, network resilience and recovery

Connected Cars

e-Health

Mobile money

Accessibility

Green ICTs to improve energy ef�ciency and reduce emissions

Optical transport beyond 100 Gbit/s

High-speedbroadband access

Multimedia High-qualityVoLTE

Numbering & emergency comms

Cybersecurity

For over 150 years, the International Telecommunication Union has been at the centre of advances in communications and today ITU international standards are at play in virtually every facet of modern communications.

Building blocks of modern communications

Setting the standardJoin us at WTSA-16 in Tunisia and help set the standardization agenda for the future of the Information Society.

1.7Mb per secondAmount of data created by each person by 2020

237 million

Number of IoT wearables shipped by 2020

$6 trillion

The value generated by IoT technology by 2025

80%video

By 2020, the majority of Internet traf�c will be video, enabled by ITU standards

Help build the digital economy Be part of the discussion on the standards and initiatives which will help enable the digital economy. The future shape of the Internet of Things (IoT), smart cities, cybersecurity and 5G are all underpinned by the work we will do at WTSA-16.

Amount of international traf�c carried over �bre networks built using ITU standards

95% 125xBroadband access speed over copper increased by 125x in past 15 years with ITU standards

64xBroadband access speed over �bre increased by 64x in past 15 years with ITU standards


Be a part of it







2020 Vision

5G

IoT Trust


standardsReal-time

standardization


meetings worldwide

+5000 participants





institutes

120+MemberStates

virtual meetings


1000+ 20+


Smart cities



Smart Grid


Connected Cars

e-Health

Mobile money

Accessibility






Cybersecurity





237 million


$6 trillion


80%video






9


Be a part of it







2020 Vision

5G

IoT Trust


standardsReal-time

standardization


meetings worldwide

+5000 participants





institutes

120+MemberStates

virtual meetings


1000+ 20+


Smart cities



Smart Grid


Connected Cars

e-Health

Mobile money

Accessibility






Cybersecurity





237 million


$6 trillion


80%video






10


Be a part of it







2020 Vision

5G

IoT Trust


standardsReal-time

standardization


meetings worldwide

+5000 participants





institutes

120+MemberStates

virtual meetings


1000+ 20+


Smart cities



Smart Grid


Connected Cars

e-Health

Mobile money

Accessibility






Cybersecurity





237 million


$6 trillion


80%video






11


Be a part of it







2020 Vision

5G

IoT Trust


standardsReal-time

standardization


meetings worldwide

+5000 participants





institutes

120+MemberStates

virtual meetings


1000+ 20+


Smart cities



Smart Grid


Connected Cars

e-Health

Mobile money

Accessibility






Cybersecurity





237 million


$6 trillion


80%video






13

BROADBAND

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ITU-T continues to provide leadership in the standardization of networks, technologies and infrastructures for transport and access.

ITU-T experts have concluded a three-year process to enable optical transport at rates higher than 100 Gbit/s, meeting industry demand for increased capacity in metro and long-haul transport networks to support the unceasing growth of video and data traffic.

ITU-T has achieved an industry first in broadband access with the completion of for 40-Gigabit fibre to the home (FTTH), an achievement coming in parallel with the release of a new standard for 10-Gigabit symmetric FTTH.

ITU’s suite of access solutions also includes G.fast, an ITU broadband standard that allows delivery of up to 2 Gbit/s over the traditional telephone lines that still make up a substantial proportion of so-called “last-mile” networks.

ITU standards for Software-Defined Networking (SDN) answer industry’s need for a flexible, cost-efficient means of accommodating large fluctuations in bandwidth use.

A new ITU-T core information model for transport resources will enable smooth transition from traditional management using an Operation Support System (OSS) to Software-Defined Networking (SDN) architectures. The new standard gives operators the ability to deploy SDN selectively, migrating parts of their infrastructure to SDN without nullifying the value of investments in legacy OSS infrastructure.

ITU standards for cloud computing detail the requirements and functional architectures of the cloud computing ecosystem, covering inter- and intra-cloud computing, cloud computing management and technologies supporting XaaS (X as a Service).

Foundational standards provide the cloud computing overview and a terminology foundation to be applied universally across the industry, as well as a reference architecture to enable the development of interoperable cloud computing systems and services. New ITU standards also detail the requirements, capabilities and use cases of cloud-based Big Data; as well as mechanisms to enable consistent end-to-end, multi-cloud management.

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ITU-T Recommendation ITU-T Y.3600 provides internationally agreed

fundamentals of cloud-based Big Data. It will build cohesion in the

terminology used to describe cloud-based Big Data and offer a common

basis for the development of Big Data services and supporting technical

standards.

Chaesub Lee, Director of the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Bureau

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I’m determined to roll out ultrafast broadband, and G.fast technology is the best way to deliver that to the majority

of the UK as quickly as possible. Clive Selley, CEO of BT’s network division

Openreach

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Within 400 metres of a distribution point, ITU G.fast provides fibre-like speeds matched

with the customer self-installation of DSL, resulting in cost-savings for service providers

and an improved customer experience.

G.Fast commercial deployment at BT

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MULTIMEDIA

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ITU multimedia standards offer a common platform for innovation and are essential in easing the burden on global networks increasingly geared towards the massive exchange of video traffic.

Now in its fourth edition, ITU-T H.265 ‘High Efficiency Video Coding’ (HEVC) is the successor to the Primetime Emmy award-winning standard ITU-T H.264, which remains the most-deployed video codec worldwide. With double the compression power of its predecessor, ITU-T H.265 HEVC will unleash a new phase of innovation in video production spanning the whole ICT spectrum, from mobile devices through to Ultra-High Definition TV.

ITU continues to develop standards enabling IPTV services and terminals, detailed by the ITU-T H.700-series. Updates to ITU’s suite of IPTV standards will enable efficient transmission of UHDTV ‘4K’ content. A new ITU metadata standard to enable rights information interoperability in IPTV services provides a framework for communicating data such as that accompanying material under copyright, to ensure that multimedia content can be shared legally across different platforms. ITU members have also standardized profiles for accessibility features in IPTV terminals, assisting industry in its efforts to integrate advanced accessibility features in all IPTV sets and set-top boxes.

The ITU IPTV IPv6 global testbed (I3GT) is ITU’s project to encourage the establishment of IPTV testbed sites, especially in developing countries. The testbed sites implement ITU-T’s IPTV Recommendations and are connected over IPv6 research networks, testing real-time quality of service and interoperability in different environments, countries or regions.

New ITU standards for digital signage have the potential to lower the cost entry point to the industry, spurring growth and innovation. ITU standards for digital signage include a framework for digital signage services based on IPTV architecture, a detailed functional architecture, and the requirements of disaster information services provided using digital signage.

In the cable arena, new ITU standards provide for Integrated Broadcast-Broadband DTV services and also assist industry players in capitalizing on the ability of mobile devices to act as companion “second screens” to TV and cable STB platforms. Another new ITU standard specifies requirements of augmented reality (AR) smart television systems. In line with AR smart cable television, ITU-T will continue studying multiscreen systems in multi-DRM environments as well as requirements and functional specifications for ultra-high definition television.

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IoT, SMART CITIES & GREEN ICTs

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ITU standards supporting the wide range of technologies under the banner of the Internet of Things will assist both developed and developing countries in transforming city infrastructure, benefiting from the efficiencies of intelligent buildings and transportation systems, and smart energy and water networks.

The new ITU-T Study Group 20 is building on over 10 years of ITU-T experience in IoT standardization, developing international standards to enable the coordinated development of IoT technologies, including machine-to-machine (M2M) communications and ubiquitous sensor networks. An important aspect of the group’s work is the development of standards that leverage IoT technologies to address urban-development challenges, assisting the transition to smart cities and communities.

ITU and UNECE have launched the United for Smart Sustainable Cities (U4SSC), a global initiative which advocates for public policy to encourage the use of ICTs in enabling the transition to smart sustainable cities.

Dubai and Singapore were the world’s first cities to join a two-year pilot project to implement ITU-standardized key performance indicators for smart sustainable cities. This pilot project will assist ITU in ensuring that any future refinement

of these indicators is undertaken on the basis of cities’ experiences with their implementation. Manizales, Montevideo, Buenos Aires, Valencia, Rimini and other selected cities have also agreed to trial these KPIs.

ITU-T has developed standardized methodologies to assess the environmental impacts of ICTs, both in terms of ICT greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the emissions savings created through green ICT applications in other industry sectors. The latest standard in this series provides a uniform means of quantifying ICTs’ energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the city level, providing a methodology to assist in making the case for smart sustainable cities.

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The Smart Dubai initiative is an ambitious one. We are transforming a thousand government services through innovative applications of ICT. The broad scope of the initiative makes for an excellent field trial of ITU’s key performance indicators as we have an opportunity to trace the efficacy of a wide range of ICT applications from root to maturity.

Aisha Bin Bishr, Assistant Director-General of the Executive Office of Dubai

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Networks of IoT technologies will improve our understanding of how cities function, introducing many opportunities for efficiency gains. With participants representing the many stakeholders in the field of information and communication technologies, this Study Group will be influential in promoting the development of the highly efficient ‘systems of systems’ that will help bridge the digital divide and enable a more connected world.

Nasser Almarzouqi, Chairman of ITU-T Study Group 20

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Interoperability driven by open standards in mobile and personal connected health solutions,

along with machine-to-machine communications, will be a key enabler for the e-Health market,

which is expected to grow exponentially in coming years.

Rob Havasy, Continua Executive Director and Vice President of the Personal Connected Health Alliance (PCHA)

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ITU standardization continues to support ICT-based convergence, with prime examples found in intelligent transport systems and e-health.

Guided by the Collaboration on ITS Communication Standards (CITS), ITU standardization for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) will assist in improving road safety and traffic flow, decrease emissions, and increase the mobility of the elderly and persons with disabilities.

ITU-T cooperation with UNECE World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29) has made good progress, with WP.29 now looking to ITU to provide communications standards in support of vehicle regulations. For example, new global regulation on vehicle emergency calls (Automatic Emergency Call Systems (AECS)) is nearing approval and is expected to reference an ITU-T voice-quality performance standard.

ITU collaboration with the Personal Connected Health Alliance (formerly known as Continua Health Alliance) led to the release of Recommendation ITU-T H.810, an international standard supporting medical-grade e-health devices such as blood pressure cuffs, glucose monitors, weight scales and a wide range of activity trackers.

These devices can help the prevention and improved management of chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and heart disease.

In addition, ITU-T collaboration with WHO continues on the development of technical standards for the safe listening of music players.

Networks of IoT technologies will improve our understanding of how cities function, introducing many opportunities for efficiency gains. With

participants representing the many stakeholders in the field of information and communication technologies, this Study Group will be influential in

promoting the development of the highly efficient ‘systems of systems’ that will help bridge the digital divide and enable a more connected world.

Nasser Almarzouqi, Chairman of ITU-T Study Group 20

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ITU’s ‘green ICT’ standards are contributing to the reduction of the ICT sector’s environmental footprint as well as those of other industry sectors.

New ITU standards in this domain include an environmentally friendly universal charger for laptops as well as other portable devices, green batteries for smartphones and other handheld ICT devices, and a standardized methodology for manufacturers to report the quantity of rare metals contained in their ICT devices, and energy-efficiency metrics and measurement methods to assess the energy efficiency of networks and data centres.

ITU standards to assist in the responsible management of electromagnetic fields (EMF) include measuring techniques, procedures and numerical models for evaluating the electromagnetic fields stemming from telecommunication systems and radio terminals.

A new ITU standard provides guidance on how to generate RF-EMF maps for assessing existing exposure levels over large areas of cities or territories and for an appropriate public disclosure of the results, in a simple and understandable way. The ITU ‘EMF Guide mobile app’, available in six languages, provides an up-to-date reference of the EMF information provided by WHO and ITU.

Swift global adoption of our standards has been another important indicator of how quickly industry is willing to tackle this problem. ITU-T Study Group 5 stands ready to continue the development of standards that will facilitate the reduction of e-waste and the improvement of energy efficiency in order to protect our environment.

Ahmed Zeddam, Chairman of ITU-T Study Group 5

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ITU’s efforts to raise the profile of its work in the EMF field have been

welcome in India. It is crucial that we continue to encourage ICT industry

growth while we take effective steps to address health concerns and provide

an assurance to the public that their health is protected.

Mr Ram Narain, Deputy Director General, Department of Telecommunications, India

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Movable and deployable ICT resource units (MDRU) for disaster relief

EMERGING SUBSEA NETWORKS: NEW MARKET OPPORTUNITIES FOR, AND SOCIETAL CONTRIBUTIONS FROM,

SMART CABLE SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT: The subsea telecommunications cable industry has the opportunity to enter a new era with the emergence of game-changing dual-purpose cable systems. These SMART cables will incorporate small external sensor packages to transmit real-time environmental data without any impact on commercial traffic. The sensors will precisely measure temperature, pressure and three-axis acceleration across the world’s ocean floor on a sustained basis in response to an increasing international need to monitor and mitigate climate and sea-level change and radically improve tsunami hazard warnings. SMART cable systems will provide new market opportunities, engage non-traditional users, and make profound societal contributions.

Christopher Barnes* (University of Victoria), David Meldrum (Scottish Marine Institute), and Hiroshi Ota (International Telecommunication Union)Email: [email protected]

*School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; and Chair, ITU/WMO/IOC-UNESCO Joint Task Force

1 A CHANGING ECONOMY AND THE INTERNET REVOLUTIONThe recent emergence, evolution, and dominance of hardware, software and communication companies has driven rapid change in Internet-enabled commerce. How does this affect the subsea telecommunications industry?

Over 200 operating fiber optic undersea cables carry 95% of the transoceanic voice and data traffic.

Demand has been for additional cables, improved multiplexing, and faster communication.

Underwater cables carried 51 billion gigabytes/month in 2013 – projected to be 132 billion gigabytes by 2017.

3SMART SUBSEA CABLE SYSTEMS

The concept is to add three key environmental sensors to repeaters along new or refurbished trans-ocean or regional cable systems (temperature, pressure and three-axis acceleration).

These are already marketed, proven and deployed on scientific cabled ocean observatories: NEPTUNE (British Columbia to 2700m), DONET (eastern Honshu, Japan to 4000m); OOI’s Cabled Array (Washington/Oregon to 2900m); and ALOHA Observatory (Hawaii, to 4800m).

Sensors are small, reliable, operate down to 7000m; can operate fault-free for more than a decade; no maintenance or replacement after deployment.

Real-time data return is key in using pressure sensor data for tsunami hazard warnings.

Data return is only about 30kb/s per sensor location and can be via supervisory channel or dedicated wavelength/fiber to avoid interference with primary data transmission.

5SMART INTERNATIONAL LEADERSHIP BY THE SUBSEA

TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRYSuccessful industries respond to changing societal needs and commercial opportunities, with smart companies investing ahead of the curve.

Profound societal and economic implications of future climate/sea level change and the scale of tsunami hazards, demand an urgent need to understand and quantify these threats.

For the industry, this means adoption and rapid implementation of SMART cable systems.

A. NEW MARKET OPPORTUNITIES

SMART cable systems with sensor components will generate value-added, real-time, critically needed, environmental data (T, P, Accel.).

Incremental cost is estimated at 5-8% of a trans-ocean cable system, with no change in deployment methods, and no ongoing maintenance.

Possible NRE expenses may depend on the R&D status for any particular company.

The JTF Wet Demonstrator project will develop a generic system, deliver proof-of-concept, and reduce or eliminate such expenses.

B. ENGAGING NON-TRADITIONAL USERS

Marketing SMART cable systems will engage a wide range of potential new non-traditional users.

Increasing environmental and economic threats facing the planet require more precise, real-time, ocean environmental and hazard data for evidence-based decisions, advice and policies - by government agencies, insurance and re-insurance companies, port authorities, cruise ship companies, city planners, emergency/disaster organizations, ENGOs, etc..

Government agencies (e.g. NOAA and USGS) are responsible for generating, analyzing, and distributing climate, earthquake, and tsunami data. Recently, US House and Senate gave unanimous support for the Tsunami Warning, and Education, and Research Act of 2015, which encourages the use of sensors on Federal and commercial submarine telecommunication cables.

How will the subsea telecommunications industry seize this opportunity?

6SUMMARY

Climate change (including sea level change) is recognized as the most serious issue for the economy and societies well-being in the 21st century (World Economic Forum; IPCC; COP21).

The cost and loss of life and infrastructure from major earthquakes, tsunamis, and submarine slope failures have devastated many regions.

Many sectors (government/UN agencies, insurance industry, coastal and port authorities, etc.) are desperate for real-time scientific data for their decision and policy making.

The subsea telecommunications industry provides cable systems for high-speed data transmission and worldwide communications. With the Digital Age and a host of new digital devices, the industry plays a vital role in installing and maintaining innovative subsea cable networks.

Industry can forge a new era by developing SMART (Science Monitoring And Resilient Telecommunications) cable systems with sensors (T, P, three-axis Accel) on repeaters, with no special deployment and no maintenance.

Real-time data can be transmitted over decades via supervisory or equivalent channels, to address key climate issues of deep ocean circulation (conveyor belt changes, tipping points, warming, impact of polar ice-cap melting).

Progressive installation of SMART cables would dramatically enhance the current tsunami warning capability, augmenting the vandal-prone DART buoys and coastal tide gauges with a global real-time, reliable, high-precision network.

Marketing the new SMART cable systems is essential by industry, with advocacy by ICPC and ITU, WMO, IOC-UNESCO, and their Joint Task Force (JTF).

Industry should increase its marketing reach to non-traditional users: agencies and sectors that desperately need these key environmental data for decision and policy making to address severe environmental threats facing the society and the planet in the 21st century.

How and when will the subsea telecommunications industry fully recognize, reinvent, and respond to this challenge?

2 AN UNEXPLOITED COMMERCIALIZATION OPPORTUNITYUrgent societal need for real-time environmental data can be met by developing and marketing SMART (“green”, “dual-purpose”) cables (SMART = Science Monitoring And Resilient Telecommunications).

Subsea telecommunications industry can exploit a new era of opportunity and commercialization by progressively building a subsea cable network, equipped with sensors delivering key real-time environmental data (climate and sea level change, and warnings for tsunamis and submarine slope failures).

This SMART cable concept is advocated by Joint Task Force (JTF) of the UN’s International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO.

4 NEW ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIETAL IMPERATIVESOcean climate change, sea level rise, and tsunami/slope failure hazards represent major threats, with profound global and regional socio-economic impacts.

Advances in sensor technologies, cabled ocean observatories, and partnerships with the subsea telecommunications industry, combine to favour new SMART Cable Systems in providing critical environmental data on regional and global scales.

These developments address global issues affecting societies and future generations, and can save vast resources from destruction.

A. CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change is the most serious issue facing humankind during this century.

Progressive increase in atmospheric CO2 (now exceeding 400ppm), methane, and mean global temperatures has prompted serious warnings of natural and societal consequences.

Failure to mitigate and adapt to climate change is the greatest threat facing the world’s economy (World Economic Forum, 2016).

UNFCCC COP21 climate summit (2015) achieved the Paris Agreement. 195 members agreed to reduce carbon output to keep global warming to below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels.

Oceans are the main controlling factor in climate change, holding much of the heat and greenhouse gases, with a complex circulation system.

However, key data are unavailable or sparse for the deep oceans.

Real-time bottom temperatures via SMART cable sensors are urgently needed to understand the complex conveyer belt systems operating through all oceans.

B. SEA LEVEL RISE

One consequence of warming oceans is global sea level rise, varying regionally.

This rise is generated by melting polar ice-caps and glaciers, and ocean thermal expansion.

IPCC (2013) estimated a rise of c. 90cm by 2100, but this may be conservative.

Sea level rise is critically significant to low-lying countries (e.g. Maldives, Bangladesh, Netherlands), causing large population migrations and massive costs infrastructure costs.

Monitoring by SMART cable sensors will capture real-time changes throughout ocean basins over decades for long-term monitoring and help to calibrate satellite gravity data.

C. HAZARD MITIGATION (TSUNAMIS AND SLOPE FAILURES)

A dozen major tsunamis in just the last decade (Indonesia (2004), American Samoa and Tonga (2009), Chile (2010, 2015), Haiti (2010), Japan (2011) and Solomon Islands (2013)) have caused hundreds of thousands of deaths and destroyed infrastructure in the billions of dollars.

SMART cable systems will generate real-time data across ocean basins and coastal areas, dramatically improving early warning systems, mitigating loss of life, damage, and costs.

Scientific observatories with SMART sensor networks are now established in tsunami and slope failure hazard areas in NE and NW Pacific, and in European/Mediterranean seas.

7 REFERENCES

Details of 35 supporting references are given for this paper in Proceedings of SubOptic2016.BLUE

Joint Task Force on green cables systems

Poster_2016-396375_160x80.indd 1 12/04/2016 15:54:41

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The ITU/WMO/UNESCO-IOC Joint Task Force on SMART* Cable Systems is leading an ambitious new project to equip submarine communications cables with climate and hazard-monitoring sensors.

The project aims to create a global observation network capable of providing earthquake and tsunami warnings as well as data on ocean climate change and circulation. These new ‘green cables’ would collect data of great value to the scientific community, as well industries such as fisheries and energy.

ITU standardization continues to tackle disaster relief, network resilience and recovery, recognizing that the 21st century is playing host to an increasing prevalence of extreme weather events.

ITU standards include technical mechanisms to ensure the prioritization of emergency calls, and ITU members continue to develop new standards to improve the resilience of ICT networks to natural disasters and assist the recovery of communications capabilities when disaster strikes.

The project to equip submarine cables with climate and hazard-monitoring sensors may take some years to bring

to fruition, but ITU, WMO and UNESCO-IOC have taken the first bold steps towards the realization of this goal, and the

journey is most certainly underway.Chris Barnes, former Chair, ITU-WMO-UNESCO IOC Joint Task Force on Smart Cable System

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EMERGING SUBSEA NETWORKS: NEW MARKET OPPORTUNITIES FOR, AND SOCIETAL CONTRIBUTIONS FROM,

SMART CABLE SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT: The subsea telecommunications cable industry has the opportunity to enter a new era with the emergence of game-changing dual-purpose cable systems. These SMART cables will incorporate small external sensor packages to transmit real-time environmental data without any impact on commercial traffic. The sensors will precisely measure temperature, pressure and three-axis acceleration across the world’s ocean floor on a sustained basis in response to an increasing international need to monitor and mitigate climate and sea-level change and radically improve tsunami hazard warnings. SMART cable systems will provide new market opportunities, engage non-traditional users, and make profound societal contributions.

Christopher Barnes* (University of Victoria), David Meldrum (Scottish Marine Institute), and Hiroshi Ota (International Telecommunication Union)Email: [email protected]

*School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; and Chair, ITU/WMO/IOC-UNESCO Joint Task Force

1 A CHANGING ECONOMY AND THE INTERNET REVOLUTIONThe recent emergence, evolution, and dominance of hardware, software and communication companies has driven rapid change in Internet-enabled commerce. How does this affect the subsea telecommunications industry?

Over 200 operating fiber optic undersea cables carry 95% of the transoceanic voice and data traffic.

Demand has been for additional cables, improved multiplexing, and faster communication.

Underwater cables carried 51 billion gigabytes/month in 2013 – projected to be 132 billion gigabytes by 2017.

3SMART SUBSEA CABLE SYSTEMS

The concept is to add three key environmental sensors to repeaters along new or refurbished trans-ocean or regional cable systems (temperature, pressure and three-axis acceleration).

These are already marketed, proven and deployed on scientific cabled ocean observatories: NEPTUNE (British Columbia to 2700m), DONET (eastern Honshu, Japan to 4000m); OOI’s Cabled Array (Washington/Oregon to 2900m); and ALOHA Observatory (Hawaii, to 4800m).

Sensors are small, reliable, operate down to 7000m; can operate fault-free for more than a decade; no maintenance or replacement after deployment.

Real-time data return is key in using pressure sensor data for tsunami hazard warnings.

Data return is only about 30kb/s per sensor location and can be via supervisory channel or dedicated wavelength/fiber to avoid interference with primary data transmission.

5SMART INTERNATIONAL LEADERSHIP BY THE SUBSEA

TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRYSuccessful industries respond to changing societal needs and commercial opportunities, with smart companies investing ahead of the curve.

Profound societal and economic implications of future climate/sea level change and the scale of tsunami hazards, demand an urgent need to understand and quantify these threats.

For the industry, this means adoption and rapid implementation of SMART cable systems.

A. NEW MARKET OPPORTUNITIES

SMART cable systems with sensor components will generate value-added, real-time, critically needed, environmental data (T, P, Accel.).

Incremental cost is estimated at 5-8% of a trans-ocean cable system, with no change in deployment methods, and no ongoing maintenance.

Possible NRE expenses may depend on the R&D status for any particular company.

The JTF Wet Demonstrator project will develop a generic system, deliver proof-of-concept, and reduce or eliminate such expenses.

B. ENGAGING NON-TRADITIONAL USERS

Marketing SMART cable systems will engage a wide range of potential new non-traditional users.

Increasing environmental and economic threats facing the planet require more precise, real-time, ocean environmental and hazard data for evidence-based decisions, advice and policies - by government agencies, insurance and re-insurance companies, port authorities, cruise ship companies, city planners, emergency/disaster organizations, ENGOs, etc..

Government agencies (e.g. NOAA and USGS) are responsible for generating, analyzing, and distributing climate, earthquake, and tsunami data. Recently, US House and Senate gave unanimous support for the Tsunami Warning, and Education, and Research Act of 2015, which encourages the use of sensors on Federal and commercial submarine telecommunication cables.

How will the subsea telecommunications industry seize this opportunity?

6SUMMARY

Climate change (including sea level change) is recognized as the most serious issue for the economy and societies well-being in the 21st century (World Economic Forum; IPCC; COP21).

The cost and loss of life and infrastructure from major earthquakes, tsunamis, and submarine slope failures have devastated many regions.

Many sectors (government/UN agencies, insurance industry, coastal and port authorities, etc.) are desperate for real-time scientific data for their decision and policy making.

The subsea telecommunications industry provides cable systems for high-speed data transmission and worldwide communications. With the Digital Age and a host of new digital devices, the industry plays a vital role in installing and maintaining innovative subsea cable networks.

Industry can forge a new era by developing SMART (Science Monitoring And Resilient Telecommunications) cable systems with sensors (T, P, three-axis Accel) on repeaters, with no special deployment and no maintenance.

Real-time data can be transmitted over decades via supervisory or equivalent channels, to address key climate issues of deep ocean circulation (conveyor belt changes, tipping points, warming, impact of polar ice-cap melting).

Progressive installation of SMART cables would dramatically enhance the current tsunami warning capability, augmenting the vandal-prone DART buoys and coastal tide gauges with a global real-time, reliable, high-precision network.

Marketing the new SMART cable systems is essential by industry, with advocacy by ICPC and ITU, WMO, IOC-UNESCO, and their Joint Task Force (JTF).

Industry should increase its marketing reach to non-traditional users: agencies and sectors that desperately need these key environmental data for decision and policy making to address severe environmental threats facing the society and the planet in the 21st century.

How and when will the subsea telecommunications industry fully recognize, reinvent, and respond to this challenge?

2 AN UNEXPLOITED COMMERCIALIZATION OPPORTUNITYUrgent societal need for real-time environmental data can be met by developing and marketing SMART (“green”, “dual-purpose”) cables (SMART = Science Monitoring And Resilient Telecommunications).

Subsea telecommunications industry can exploit a new era of opportunity and commercialization by progressively building a subsea cable network, equipped with sensors delivering key real-time environmental data (climate and sea level change, and warnings for tsunamis and submarine slope failures).

This SMART cable concept is advocated by Joint Task Force (JTF) of the UN’s International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO.

4 NEW ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIETAL IMPERATIVESOcean climate change, sea level rise, and tsunami/slope failure hazards represent major threats, with profound global and regional socio-economic impacts.

Advances in sensor technologies, cabled ocean observatories, and partnerships with the subsea telecommunications industry, combine to favour new SMART Cable Systems in providing critical environmental data on regional and global scales.

These developments address global issues affecting societies and future generations, and can save vast resources from destruction.

A. CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change is the most serious issue facing humankind during this century.

Progressive increase in atmospheric CO2 (now exceeding 400ppm), methane, and mean global temperatures has prompted serious warnings of natural and societal consequences.

Failure to mitigate and adapt to climate change is the greatest threat facing the world’s economy (World Economic Forum, 2016).

UNFCCC COP21 climate summit (2015) achieved the Paris Agreement. 195 members agreed to reduce carbon output to keep global warming to below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels.

Oceans are the main controlling factor in climate change, holding much of the heat and greenhouse gases, with a complex circulation system.

However, key data are unavailable or sparse for the deep oceans.

Real-time bottom temperatures via SMART cable sensors are urgently needed to understand the complex conveyer belt systems operating through all oceans.

B. SEA LEVEL RISE

One consequence of warming oceans is global sea level rise, varying regionally.

This rise is generated by melting polar ice-caps and glaciers, and ocean thermal expansion.

IPCC (2013) estimated a rise of c. 90cm by 2100, but this may be conservative.

Sea level rise is critically significant to low-lying countries (e.g. Maldives, Bangladesh, Netherlands), causing large population migrations and massive costs infrastructure costs.

Monitoring by SMART cable sensors will capture real-time changes throughout ocean basins over decades for long-term monitoring and help to calibrate satellite gravity data.

C. HAZARD MITIGATION (TSUNAMIS AND SLOPE FAILURES)

A dozen major tsunamis in just the last decade (Indonesia (2004), American Samoa and Tonga (2009), Chile (2010, 2015), Haiti (2010), Japan (2011) and Solomon Islands (2013)) have caused hundreds of thousands of deaths and destroyed infrastructure in the billions of dollars.

SMART cable systems will generate real-time data across ocean basins and coastal areas, dramatically improving early warning systems, mitigating loss of life, damage, and costs.

Scientific observatories with SMART sensor networks are now established in tsunami and slope failure hazard areas in NE and NW Pacific, and in European/Mediterranean seas.

7 REFERENCES

Details of 35 supporting references are given for this paper in Proceedings of SubOptic2016.BLUE

Joint Task Force on green cables systems

Poster_2016-396375_160x80.indd 1 12/04/2016 15:54:41

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CYBERSECURITY AND NUMBERING

32

ITU work to build confidence and security in the use of ICTs continues to intensify in a bid to facilitate more secure network infrastructure, services and applications.

The 6th edition of the ITU-T Security Manual documents ITU-T’s efforts to respond to global cybersecurity challenges with international standards, complementary guidance documents and outreach to build capacity in the application of advanced ICT security mechanisms.

A new ITU standard brings greater business relevance to the identity and access management (IAM) systems employed by enterprises to manage electronic identities and control access to ICT resources. Other key ITU security standards released in the study period address cloud computing security, countering mobile-messaging spam, and the need for rapid, internationally-coordinated responses to cyber threats.

ITU members are engaged in a new standardization effort to describe the fundamentals of a trusted ICT environment. The ITU-T Technical Report on “Trust Provisioning for future ICT infrastructures and services” describes the importance and necessity of trust in the ICT context, highlighting its relevance to emerging knowledge societies and describing the concepts and key features of trust.

ITU’s International Numbering Resources (INR) database has undergone a major revamp, including the presentation of a more intuitive user interface.

The database includes numbers and codes allocated in accordance with:

ITU-T E.164 “The international public telecommunication numbering plan”

ITU-T E.118 “The international telecommunication charge card”

ITU-T E.212 “The international identification plan for public networks and subscriptions”

ITU-T E.218 “Management of the allocation of terrestrial trunk radio Mobile Country Codes”

ITU-T Q.708 “Assignment procedures for international signalling point codes”

Notifications of national numbering/identification plan updates and assignment or reclamation of national numbering/identification resources are published in the ITU Operational Bulletin, which is published in the six official languages twice a month. The ITU reporting mechanism to report the misuse of INRs has been redesigned with a more user-friendly interface.

http://www.itu.int/pub/T-SP-OB

http://www.itu.int/pub/T-SP-OB

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ITU standardization work on international numbering, naming, addressing and identification is gaining new dimensions with the rise of IoT and M2M

35

ECONOMIC & POLICY ISSUES

$

£

¥

€

T

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The international community is looking to ITU’s unique public-private partnership to strengthen the ties between technical innovation, business needs and policy requirements.

Growing interest among ITU members in building greater cohesion in the progression of technology and policy has led ITU-T Study Group 3 to work towards providing ITU’s standardization expert groups with economic and policy baselines to be considered in the development of new technical standards.

ITU-T members have agreed a Technical Guide for National Regulatory Authorities on International Mobile Roaming Cost analysis

The technical guide will assist regulators in their efforts to create an enabling environment for fair and affordable tariffs for international mobile-roaming voice services. The guide is accompanied by an online tool which provides a model to calculate the costs to operators of providing mobile-roaming voice services. The new technical guide and companion online tool were developed in response to calls from ITU members for greater clarity on the degree to which the prices that consumers pay for roaming services are commensurate with their costs.

Guide for NRAs on International Mobile Roaming Cost analysis -

Technical Paper2015

UIT-T

ISG3’s study of the financial aspects of telecommunications and ICT is very much a study of convergence, and in particular

how convergence has affected the business of network operators as new players have

entered the fold of the ICT industry.

Chaesub Lee, Director of the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Bureau

“

”

Member States, Regulators, Regional Organiza�ons,Opera�ng Agencies, Research Centers, Academia, User Groups

ITU-T SG3 is truly global and diverse forum: Its last meeting received written inputs from 76 distinct members

39

BRIDGING THE STANDARDIZATION

GAP

ITU-T is leading efforts to improve the capacity of developing countries to participate in the development and implementation of ICT standards, using the vehicle provided by ITU’s Bridging the Standardization Gap (BSG) programme.

The disparity between developing and developed countries in their standards capability continues to be a factor in the persistence of the digital divide. This disparity diminishes opportunities for economic development and technological innovation. ITU’s BSG programme had gained in strength

over the 2013-2016 study period, incorporating new services such as a mentoring programme for ITU-T newcomers to learn from experienced delegates, as well as hands-on training in effective participation in ITU standardization work. The study period also saw the delivery of guidelines to establish national standardization secretariats to coordinate participation in ITU-T standardization.

“ITU’s efforts to bridge the standardization gap ensure that important ideas and contributions from all corners of the globe lead to intelligent dialogue and consensus towards quality global ICT standards.”Kwame Baah-Acheamfuor Chairman of ITU-T Study Group 12

40

41

The ‘‘BSG hands-on SG effectiveness training’’ is a new ITU-T training programme under Resolution 44 (WTSA-12) for delegates from developing countries. The training focuses on the development of practical skills to maximize effectiveness in ITU-T Study Groups in the following areas:

Learning how to discuss proposals in a spirit of collaboration to achieve objectives is further covered in the training programme.

Collabora�on Drafting well structured and effective contributions including concrete proposals is a vital skill for maximizing effectiveness in ITU-T Study Groups.

Contribu�on Communicating and presenting effectively is a key skill for any delegate and the programme shares tips and techniques for presentations through interactive sessions.

Communica�on Gaining support and building international consensus is a vital part of the ITU-T standards-making process and the training also covers these aspects.

Consensus Choosing the right strategy in line with key objectives is an essential part of preparing for ITU-T Study Group meetings.

Strategy

43

PERFORMANCE, QUALITY AND

INTEROPERABILITY

44

The ITU conformity and interoperability (C&I) programme is of particular value to developing countries in their efforts to increase conformance with ITU standards and benefit from the improved interoperability that results from this conformance.

The new ITU- Conformance Assessment Steering Committee (CASC) is establishing criteria, rules and procedures to recognize Test Laboratories (TL) with competence in ITU-T Recommendation(s) and register these in the ITU recognized TL list.

ITU’s “ICT product conformity database” provides industry with a means to publicize the conformance of ICT products and services with ITU-T standards. The database assists buyers in their efforts to select standards-compliant products. To date, the database includes e-health devices found to comply with ITU specifications for interoperable personal health systems; mobile phones found to be compatible with Bluetooth-enabled vehicle hands-free terminals by tests defined by ITU standards; and Ethernet services found to comply with ITU-standardized Ethernet service characteristics.

ITU standardization work on performance, quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) spans the full spectrum of terminals, networks and services, ranging from speech over fixed circuit-switched networks to multimedia applications over mobile and packet-based networks.

ITU standards work to achieve the end-to-end performance levels required to support adequate QoS in a packet-based environment characterized by a wide array of user applications.

New ITU-T standards in this domain include tools to monitor the quality of IP-based video services and video streaming over mobile-wireless networks; and the key factors influencing end-to-end QoS with respect to voice communications over 4G mobile networks.

ITU-T has also released a framework of Internet related performance measurements, and is engaged in efforts to develop standards for the conformity assessment of SIP-IMS-based equipment on fixed networks and to broker the international agreement of a framework for the interconnection of Voice and Video over LTE (VoLTE/ViLTE)-based networks.

With the support of ITU membership, we have developed a market-driven conformity and interoperability programme

which will be of particular benefit to developing countries. It is a long-term programme, which will have a positive

impact on public health worldwide.Malcolm Johnson, Deputy Secretary-General, ITU

“”

ITU technical work to combat ICT counterfeiting continues to gain momentum with new standards under development, supported by ongoing studies into the scale and dynamics of the counterfeiting challenge.

An “ITU Technical Report on Counterfeit ICT Equipment” offers background information on the nature and scale of the challenges posed by ICT counterfeiting, including a review of the ICT products vulnerable to counterfeiting and the various countermeasures employed by ICT manufacturers, industry associations and intergovernmental bodies.

ITU’s ongoing technical standardization work to combat counterfeiting is complemented with an ITU survey in Africa aimed at collecting information on the challenges faced by the

region with respect to ICT counterfeiting and efforts underway to overcome these challenges. The survey will serve as a basis to develop anti-counterfeiting best practices, regulatory frameworks and technical specifications tailored to the African context.

In addition, an ongoing joint ITU-OECD case study on the trade in counterfeit and pirated ICTs identifies and quantifies the categories of ICT products affected, and charts and analyzes the evolution of counterfeit trade routes in terms of origins, key transit points and destinations. The findings of the case study will include a set of policy questions to be considered by policymakers and industry.

46

I expect that the publication of the Technical Report on counterfeit ICT Equipment could support the ITU Member

States, particularly those in developing countries, to develop policies and regulatory framework to combat counterfeit

devices in their national telecommunications/ICT strategies.Isaac Boateng, National Communications Authority, Ghana, and Rapporteur of Q8/11

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ITU’s move to assist the global response to the counterfeiting challenge addressing the specificities of the ICT sector is a welcome development, to which WIPO is pleased to contribute.Francis Gurry, Director General, WIPO

“””

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STANDARDIZATION INNOVATION AND

COOPERATION

50

ITU plays a leading role in crafting the policies that govern the interplay of standards and intellectual property rights.

TSB Director’s AHG on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR AHG) continues its work to protect the integrity of the standards-development process by clarifying aspects of the ITU-R/ITU-T/ISO/IEC Patent Policy and related Guidelines – the Union’s main tool to manage the challenges associated with the incorporation of patents in ITU-T and ITU-R Recommendations.

ITU-T Focus Groups have proved effective in responding to immediate ICT standardization demands, establishing the basis for subsequent standardization work in ITU-T Study Groups.

Focus Groups are open to ITU members as well as organizations outside ITU’s membership, and these groups are afforded great flexibility in their chosen deliverables and working methods.

Active Focus Groups are investigating the networking innovations required to support the ambitious performance targets of IMT-2020 (5G) systems as well as means of fast-tracking policies aimed at leveraging digital financial services (DFS) to increase financial inclusion in developing countries and emerging markets.

Focus Groups that concluded their activities in the study period explored aviation applications of cloud computing for flight-data monitoring; smart sustainable cities; smart water management; developing-country innovations to benefit from international standardization; disaster relief, network resilience and recovery; smart cable TV; M2M communications; audiovisual media accessibility; driver distraction; and car communications.

5G will power a wide range of new user experiences, but the bottleneck remains the speed of the network. Everyone in the ICT ecosystem needs to work together. This is the most important condition for us to realize 5G, and this is the reason Huawei is contributing to ITU’s efforts to consider what the road to 5G demands of all parts of the ecosystem.

Wen Tong, Head of 5G Research & Development, Huawei

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Trust is an essential ingredient for digital financial services to succeed. The move away from cash will only work if the solutions and processes being put in place to replace it are

reliable, trustable and easy to use. This is why consumer protection is an essential part

of the work we have been doing.

Sacha Polverini, Chairman of the Focus Group on DFS, Senior Programme Officer of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s

Financial Services for the Poor programme

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10

1

100

102 10

350400

1x

101

0.11

10x1x

20

102

3x

500

User experiencedData rate (Mbit/s)

NetworkEnergy efficiency

100x

IMT-2020 IMT-Advanced

Peak data rate(Gbits/s

Spectrum efficiency

Mobility (k/mh)

Area trafficCapacity (Mbit/s/ml

Connection density(devices/km2

Latency (ms)

3D video, UHD Screens

Work and play in the cloud

Gigabytes in a second

Augmented reality

Industry automation

Mission critical application

Self-driving car

Massive machinetype comms

Ultra reliable andlow latency comms

Future IMT

Enhanced Mobilebroadband

Voice

Smart home building

Smart City

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Future Networked Car Symposium – Geneva March, 2016

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ITU-T Technology Watch reports explore emerging ICT trends and associated demands on international standardization, determining how these trends can be supported by the ITU-T work programme.

Technology Watch has been successful in assessing the impact of new technologies on developed and developing countries, as well in analyzing related implications for international standardization activities.

Technology Watch reports in 2013 and 2014 – developed in part by staff of the ITU secretariat, in language accessible to non-specialists – covered topics including the Tactile Internet; Big Data; Spatial standards for IoT; Mobile Money; and the smart-city innovations of Seoul, Korea.

Technology Watch reports in 2015 and 2016 adopted a new approach, written by subject-matter experts in a format more relevant to the work of experts participating in ITU standardization work. Reports in this new format have covered topics including LTE-WiFI aggregation; trust provisioning for future ICT infrastructures and services; telco over web; the future of video; future social media and knowledge society; secure over-the-air software updates for connected vehicles; the current status of networks in Africa; and the relevance of ITU-T standardization work to the pursuit of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Printed in SwitzerlandGeneva, 2013

Photo credits: Shutterstock®

Big Data:Big today, normal tomorrow

ITU-T Technology Watch ReportNovember 2013

This Technology Watch report looks at different examples and applications associated with the big data paradigm, identifies commonalities among them by describing their characteristics, and highlights some of the technologies enabling the upsurge of big data. As with many emerging technologies, several challenges need to be identified and addressed to facilitate the adoption of big data solutions in a wider range of scenarios. Big data standardization activities related to the ITU-T work programme are described in the final section of this report.

ITU-T Technology Watch surveys the ICT landscape to capture new topics for standardization activities. Technology Watch Reports assess new technologies with regard to existing standards inside and outside ITU-T and their likely impact on future standardization.

Previous reports in the series include:

ICTs and Climate ChangeUbiquitous Sensor Networks

Remote Collaboration ToolsNGNs and Energy Efficiency

Distributed Computing: Utilities, Grids & CloudsThe Future Internet

Biometrics and StandardsDecreasing Driver Distraction

The Optical WorldTrends in Video Games and Gaming

Digital SignagePrivacy in Cloud Computing

E-health Standards and InteroperabilityE-learning

Smart CitiesMobile Money

Spatial Standards

http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/techwatch

Couv_BigData_DPS-353287.indd 1 13.11.2013 14:23:09

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ITU continues to provide leadership in building cooperation among the many bodies active in ICT standardization.

Some 10 per cent of all ITU standards are common or aligned texts with the ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 on Information Technology (ISO/IEC JTC1). Highlights of IEC, ISO and ITU’s collaboration in the 2013-2016 study period include the release of ITU-T H.265 HEVC and two standards fundamental to the cohesion of cloud computing’s development.

ITU collaboration with IEEE and MEF is crucial to ITU’s work on Carrier-class Ethernet, and successful collaboration with the Broadband Forum was essential to the development of the ITU G.fast broadband standard.

ITU collaboration with the Personal Connected Health Alliance led to the release of new ITU standards to support the development of medical-grade e-health devices

The ITU-T Focus Group on Aviation applications of Cloud Computing for Flight Data Monitoring benefited from the participation of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA).

WORLD STANDARDS DAY14 OCTOBER 2016

#speakstandards

S TA N D A R D SBUILD TRUST

I believe that data from aircraft, including from the black box could be continuously

transmitted and stored in data centres on the ground.

H.E. Ahmad Shabery Cheek, Minister for Communications and Multimedia, Malaysia, 30 March 2014, at the ITU World Telecommunication Development Conference (WTDC-14)

“”

We are excited about the prospect of more efficient, inclusive standards development for cities. Cities are complex, multi-dimensional systems of systems. No single standards organization will be able to provide everything cities need. Here, as elsewhere, broad collaboration is required. In this context, sometimes one organization will lead an effort and at other times it will share its expertise while another one leads. IEC General Secretary and CEO Frans Vreeswijk

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THE ITU STANDARDIZATION

PLATFORM

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ITU Membership

The overall ITU membership trend has continued to increase over the current study period, confirming the positive trend that began in 2011.

ITU-T Membership

The total number of ITU-T members (Sector Members, Associates and Academia) increased from 458 to 531 between January 2013 and August 2016, representing a 16 per cent increase.

193 +700 121

ITU-T Membership Trend

193 +700 121

ITU Members

A single-track conference by design, it exposes technical people to social-science papers, and social scientists get a glimpse into the world of ICT.

Plus, members of both groups get an opportunity to talk to each other and discuss problems from different perspectives. To me, that is the

outstanding characteristic of the Kaleidoscope series of conferences.

Kai Jakobs, Vice President of the European Academy for Standardisation (EURAS)

“”

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ITU-T is carrying out various activities to encourage and facilitate the participation of academia in the work of the Sector.

An assessment of ITU Academia members’ involvement in ITU-T activities shows that more than 30 universities actively participate in ITU-T events and contribute to ITU-T Study Groups.

Held since 2008, Kaleidoscope events are peer-reviewed academic conferences that increase dialogue between academics and ICT standardization experts. The aim of the

conference is to identify emerging trends in ICT research and their associated implications for international standardization. Kaleidoscope is organized by ITU-T with the technical co-sponsorship of IEEE Communications Society.

ITU-Academia Consultation meetings have proven an effective tool to discuss the continued improvement of the services that ITU provides to its Academia members.

”

North and South

America42 members

Europe25 members

Asia and Pacific 26 membersAfrica

9 members

Arab States12 members

CIS7 members

121 Academia Members (as of May 2016)

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ITU-T is a strong advocate of “Universal Design” and has developed standardization guidelines to produce solutions that are inherently accessible to persons with and without disabilities.

IEC, ISO and ITU have developed a “Guide for addressing accessibility in standards” (ITU-T H-Series Supplement 17 | ISO/IEC Guide 71) as well as a joint policy statement on “Standardization and accessibility”. The guide adds to two other pioneering ITU documents for accessibility and standards, the “Telecommunications accessibility guidelines for older persons and persons with disabilities” and the “Telecommunications Accessibility Checklist”.

ITU members have completed the standardization of accessibility terminology, and a new ITU standards provides accessibility profiles for IPTV systems.

ITU-T provides services such as sign-language interpretation and captioning, and financial support in some cases, to engage persons with disabilities in the ITU-T standardization process.

A pair of ITU-T technical papers provide guidelines on organizing accessible meetings and how to ensure that online remote participation in meetings is accessible to persons with disabilities. The latter complements the new A-Series Supplement 4 on the organization of remote participation in meetings.

TSB continues its efforts to include a gender perspective in all of its activities and programmes under the umbrella of the ITU Gender Task Force.

ITU Member States and Sector Members are encouraged to support the active involvement of women experts in standardization groups and activities. Currently, 56 per cent of all TSB staff are women. The number of women in the professional category has more than quadrupled over the last 10 years, taking the proportion of women in the professional category to 41 per cent. Diversity of staff, gender equality and the empowerment of women continue to be among the priorities of the ITU secretariat. The establishment of the Women in Standardization Expert Group (WISE) was agreed by the February 2016 meeting of TSAG, with the goal of supporting ITU-T’s efforts to encourage the active participation of women in standardization work.

I’m an engineer … and gender balance has always been very important to me. I’m really grateful to be able to have this opportunity. One of the things I would say to women as they consider their career path and their aspirations is: Look ahead and think about what you would like to be doing. Build the skills. And then, ask for support for doing it. Ask to take a chairmanship.

Ms Julie Zoller, Senior Deputy Coordinator for International Information Communications and Information Policy at the United States State Department

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I love my job because I can see the impact of standardization activities on public life, safety and health for people of all

nationalities, gender and race.

Nayereh Pirouzbakht, President, Institute of Standards and Industrial Research, Iran

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The accomplishments of this ITU-G3ict cooperation and the impact of its output have far exceeded expectations, bringing tremendous benefits to the advancement of ICT accessibility worldwide.

Axel Leblois, President and Executive Director, G3ict

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Over 50,000 pages of ITU-T Recommendations and Supplements were published in the reporting period, as well as Technical Papers, Technical Reports, Operational Bulletins and Focus Group deliverables.

The number of texts to be approved in 2016 is projected to exceed 400, making 2016 the year to produce the most ITU-T standards since ITU began reporting these figures in year 2000.

The DVD “ITU-T Recommendations and selected Handbooks” continues to be produced on a quarterly basis. It represents a tool of great value to standards developers and implementers as a consolidated archive of the over 4,000 ITU-T standards in force. The DVD incorporates advanced search tools, including detailed search-by-content capabilities. Search parameters can be defined by keywords, timeframe and Study Group, among others, with searches applicable to the title or the full text of the standard. “Tool-tips” offer real-time guidance to the DVD’s functionality, assisting first-time users and ensuring the accessibility of the DVD to persons with disabilities.

Unleashing the potenti al of the

Internet of Things

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The consistent output of ITU-T news content, coupled with a coordinated social media strategy

led by the ITU General Secretariat, continue to see news of ITU-T’s work feature in a variety of

mainstream publications.

Communications on ITU standardization that have received the highest levels of worldwide coverage in the

2013-2016 study period were on subjects including the ITU-T H.265 “HEVC” video codec; G.fast broadband access, the implementation of which is the subject of

sustained media attention; the work of ITU-T Study Group 20 on IoT and smart cities; the work of the ITU-T Focus Group on IMT-2020 (5G); NG-PON2 40-Gigabit-

capable passive optical networks; XGS-PON 10-Gigabit-capable symmetric passive optical networks; and OTN

Beyond 100G, the 5th edition of Recommendation ITU-T G.709/Y.1331 “Interfaces for the Optical Transport Network”. Communications on ITU-T activities in fields such as IPR, e-health, intelligent transport systems, and

aviation applications of cloud computing have also received significant media attention.

A new video clip “ITU Standardization – the technical foundations of the information society” was released on

24 May 2016 and has since received more than 1600 views. The video was sponsored by NTT and KT.

In Asia, the 60-year milestone represents the accomplishment of a major cycle in one’s life and the

beginning of the next.Chaesub Lee, Director of the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Bureau

“”

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2015 marked a major milestone in the history of ITU. The celebrations of the 150th anniversary took the theme, “ICTs as Drivers of Innovation”, and 2016 marks 60 years since the 1956 establishment of the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT), the precursor to ITU-T, established in 1992.

The 60th anniversary of CCITT/ITU-T celebrates the many experts that contribute their time and expertise to the development of the ITU standards that bring cohesion to the unceasing innovation of the ICT community. To celebrate the 60th Anniversary, a series of talks will be held during the WTSA-16 on the topics of artificial intelligence and digital financial services.

Electronic working methods offer crucial support to members engaged in ITU standardization work. The ITU secretariat continues to develop new applications and services to maintain and expand ITU’s advanced electronic working environment.

A new website design developed under the ITU Web Site Visual Redesign Project has seen the redesign of core elements of the ITU website. A range of databases are maintained and

enhanced on continuous basis to facilitate the work of the membership, and this study period saw the items in a number of these databases being assigned unique persistent identifiers based on the Digital Object Architecture. A new system has been made available for the management of documents of ITU-T Rapporteur Group Meetings (RGM) in a well-structured and secure environment. The INR database has undergone a major revamp, including the presentation of a more intuitive user interface.

A new online collaborative platform based on SharePoint is now provided as part of the suite of electronic working methods available to experts participating in ITU standardization work. A SharePoint collaboration site has also been developed for ITU-T members to connect with secretariat staff to receive support and professional advice on the various electronic services available.

Since January 2014, TSB has been providing Adobe Connect as the remote participation tool for all official ITU-T meetings held at ITU Headquarters in Geneva. GoToMeeting is preferred as the tool to facilitate ad-hoc electronic meetings of working groups. Between 6000 and 7000 e-meetings are facilitated each year.

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ITU-T’s work contributes to the implementation of ITU mandates of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), and in particular to Action Lines C2 (Information and communication infrastructure), C5 (Building confidence and security in the use of ICTs) and C7 (e-Environment).

ITU-T has undertaken a mapping of its activities to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), an action highlighting the ITU-T activities most relevant to the SDGs and proposing actions for ITU-T to expand its contribution to the pursuit of the SDGs. This mapping of ITU-T work to the SDGs will support the WSIS process in its promotion of efforts to leverage ICTs for sustainable development (see the WSIS-SDG Matrix linking WSIS Action Lines with the SDGs), highlighting areas where these efforts will receive support from the international standards developed by ITU-T.

The ITU-T Review Committee (RevCom) was established to undertake a review of ITU’s strategy, structure and working methods to assist related studies in TSAG.

Several statistics-reporting tools were developed by the ITU-T secretariat at the request of RevCom to facilitate the monitoring of Study Group activities. RevCom identified Focus Groups as a key tool in ITU-T to stimulate new standardization work in the various Study Groups, and thus recommended to TSAG that ITU-T develop guidelines on how to fast-track the transfer of Focus Group output into standards developed by Study Groups. RevCom also called for ITU members to explore the establishment of a strategic coordination function focused on the dialogue among the leadership of ITU-T working groups on the identification and initiation of new work topics of particular strategic importance to industry and government.

2-6MAY 2016

ICTs, smart cities and collaboration with all key stakeholders including citizens will be key to the achievement of all the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, but especially SDG 11 onsustainable cities and communities.Houlin Zhao, ITU Secretary-General

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International Telecommunication Union

Telecommunication Standardization Sector

Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland

#ITUWTSA

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