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Country list1
Yellow fever vaccinationrequirements and recommendations;and malaria situation
Introduction
The inormation provided or each country includes the countrys statedrequirements or yellow ever vaccination, WHO recommendation or travellers
regarding yellow ever vaccinations, and details concerning the malaria situation
and recommended prevention o the disease.2,3
Yellow fever
Yellow fever vaccination
Yellow ever vaccination is carried out or two dierent purposes:
1. To prevent the international spread o the disease by protecting countries rom
the risk o importing or spreading the yellow ever virus. These are requirements
established by the country.
The countries that require proo o vaccination2 are those where the disease may or
may not occur and where the mosquito vector and potential non-human primate
hosts o yellow ever are present. Any importation o the virus into such countries
by inected travellers could result in its propagation and establishment, leading
to a permanent risk o inection or the human population. Proo o vaccination
is oten required or travellers arriving rom countries with risk o yellow ever
transmission and sometimes or travellers in transit through such countries.
1 For the purpose o this publication, the terms country and countries cover countries,territories and areas.
2 Please note that the requirements or vaccination o inants over 6 months o age by somecountries are not in accordance with WHOs advice (Chapter 6). Travellers should, however,be inormed that the requirement exists or entry into the countries concerned.
3 WHO publishes these requirements or inormational purposes only; this publication doesnot constitute an endorsement or confrmation that such requirements are in accordancewith the provisions o the International Health Regulations.
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A meeting o yellow ever experts organized in 2010 proposed that under 12 h o
airport transit the risk o yellow ever is almost non-existent and thereore that a
proo o vaccination might not be necessary. This inormation is being provided
to WHO Member States, but travellers are recommended to consult individual
country requirements by contacting the embassy(ies) o the country(ies) they
intend to visit. It should be noted that some countries require proo o vaccination
rom all travellers.
Countries requiring yellow ever vaccination or entry do so in accordance with the
International Health Regulations. Country requirements are subject to change at
any time. Updates can be ound at: http://www.who.int/ith. This chapter contains
inormation on yellow ever requirements as provided by countries.
The fact that a country has no requirement for yellow fever vaccination does
not imply that there is no risk of yellow fever transmission.
2. To protect individual travellers who may be exposed to yellow ever inec-
tion.
The risk o yellow ever transmission depends on the presence o the virus in
the country in humans, mosquitoes or animals. As yellow ever is requently
atal or those who have not been vaccinated, vaccination is recommended or all
travellers (with ew exceptions, Chapter 6) visiting areas where there is a risk o
yellow ever transmission.
WHO determines those areas where a risk o yellow ever transmission is
present on the basis o the diagnosis o cases o yellow ever in humans and/or
animals, the results o yellow ever sero-surveys and the presence o vectors and
animal reservoirs.4
Decisions regarding the use o yellow ever vaccine or travellers must weigh several
actors, including the risk o travel-associated yellow ever virus disease, country
requirements, and the potential or serious adverse events ollowing yellow ever
vaccination (Chapter 6).
4 More extensive descriptions o the classifcations that defne areas with risk o yellow evervirus transmission can be ound at http://www.who.int/ith/YFrisk.pd. These classifca-tions inorm the vaccine recommendations listed here.
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The table below summarizes WHOs revised recommendations or yellow ever
vaccination or travellers.
Yellow fever vaccination category Rationale for recommendation
Recommended Yellow fever vaccination is recommended for all
travellers 9 months old in areas where thereis evidence of persistent or periodic yellow fever
virus transmission.
Generally not recommended Yellow fever vaccination isgenerally not recom-
mended in areas where there is low potentialfor yellow fever virus exposure (no human
yellow fever cases ever reported and evidenceto suggest only low levels of yellow fever virus
transmission in the past). However, vaccinationmight be considered for a small subset of tra-vellers to these areas, who are at increased riskof exposure to mosquitoes or unable to avoidmosquito bites. When considering vaccination,any traveller must take into account the risk ofbeing infected with yellow fever virus, countryentry requirements, as well as individual riskfactors (e.g. age, immune status) for seriousvaccine-associated adverse events.
Annex 1 provides a summary list o countries with risk o yellow ever transmission
in whole or in part, as well as a list o countries that require proo o yellow ever
vaccination as a condition or entry.
Other diseasesCholera. No country reports a requirement or a certifcate o vaccination against
cholera as a condition or entry. For inormation on selective use o cholera vac-
cines, Chapter 6.
Smallpox. Since the global eradication o smallpox was certifed in 1980, WHO
does not recommend smallpox vaccination or travellers.
Other infectious diseases. Inormation on the main inectious disease threats or
travellers, their geographical distribution, and corresponding precautions are
provided in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 provides inormation on vaccine-preventablediseases.
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a The areas where Type III prevention is still an option are parts of Colombia and India, Nepal, SriLanka and Tajikistan. If needed, Type IV prevention can be used instead.
b Alternatively, when travelling to rural areas with multidrug-resistant malaria and only a very low
risk of P. falciparum infection, mosquito bite prevention can be combined with stand-by emergencytreatment.
Malaria risk Type of prevention
Type I Very limited risk of malaria Mosquito bite prevention onlytransmission
Type II Risk of P. vivax malaria only; Mosquito bite preventionor fully chloroquine-sensitive plus chloroquineP. falciparum chemoprophylaxis
Type IIIa Risk of P. vivax and Mosquito bite preventionP. falciparum malaria plus chloroquine+proguaniltransmission, combined with chemoprophylaxisemerging chloroquineresistance
Type IV (1) High risk of P. falciparum Mosquito bite prevention plusmalaria, combined with atovaquoneproguanil,reported antimalarial drug doxycycline or mefloquineresistance; or chemoprophylaxis (select according
(2) Moderate/low risk of to reported resistance pattern)P. falciparum malaria,combined with reportedhigh levels of drug resistanceb
Malaria
General inormation about malaria, its geographical distribution and details o
preventive measures are included in Chapter 7. Protective measures against mos-quito bites are described in Chapter 3. Specifc inormation or each country is
provided in this section, including epidemiological details or all countries with
malarious areas (geographical and seasonal distribution, altitude, predominant
species, reported resistance). The recommended prevention is also indicated. For
each country, recommended prevention is decided on the basis o the ollowing
actors: the risk o contracting malaria; the prevailing species o malaria parasites
in the area; the level and spread o drug resistance reported rom the country;
and the possible risk o serious side-eects resulting rom the use o the various
prophylactic drugs. Where Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax both occur, pre-vention o alciparum malaria takes priority. Unless the malaria risk is defned as
due exclusively to a certain species (P. falciparum or P. vivax), travellers may be
at risk o any o the parasite species, including mixed inections.
The numbers I, II, III and IV reer to the type o prevention based on the table
below.
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AFGHANISTAN
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination
certificate is required from travellers arriving fromcountries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk P. falciparum and P. vivax exists from May to November inclusive below2000 m. P. falciparum resistant to chloroquineand sulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
ALBANIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
ALGERIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission and for travellers having tran-sited more than 12 hours through the airport ofa country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk is limited. Small foci oflocal transmission (P. vivax) have previously beenreported in the six southern and south-easternwilayas (Adrar, El Oued, Ghardaia, Illizi, Ouargla,Tamanrasset), with five local cases of P. falciparumtransmission reported in 2010 in areas under the
influence of trans-Saharan migration.Recommended prevention in risk areas: I
AMERICAN SAMOA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
ANDORRA
Yellow fever
Country requirement: noYellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
ANGOLAYellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination
certificate is required from all travellers over1 year of age.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
ANGUILLAYellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination
certificate is required from travellers over 1 year ofage arriving from countries with risk of yellow fevertransmission and for all travellers having transitedthrough the airport of a country with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDAYellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 yearof age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
ARGENTINAYellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months andover going to northern and north-eastern forestedareas of Argentina bordering Brazil and Paraguaywhere altitudes are
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ments in the following provinces, where altitudesare 2300 m and allprovinces and departments not listed above.
Malaria: Malaria risk due exclusively to P. vivaxis very low and is confined to rural areas along
the borders with Plurinational State of Bolivia(lowlands of Salta province) and with Paraguay(lowlands of Chaco and Misiones provinces).
Recommended prevention in risk areas: II
ARMENIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
AUSTRALIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age entering Australia within 6 days of having
stayed overnight or longer in a country with riskof yellow fever transmission, excluding GalapagosIslands in Ecuador and limited to Misiones prov-ince in Argentina, but including Sao Toe and Prin-cipe, Somalia and the United Republic of Tanzania.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
AUSTRIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
AZERBAIJAN
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due exclusively to P. vivaxexists from June to October inclusive in lowlandareas, mainly in the area between the Kura andArax rivers. There is no malaria transmission inBaku city (the capital city). Four locally acquired
cases were reported in 2011.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: I
AZORES seePORTUGAL
BAHAMAS
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission and for travellers having tran-sited more than 12 hours through the airport ofa country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Sporadic local transmission of P. falci-parum has been reported in recent years on GreatExuma island only, subsequent to internationalimportation of parasites. No risk on other islands.
Recommended prevention on Great Exuma: I(mosquito bite prevention only)
BAHRAIN
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
BANGLADESH
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk exists throughout the year,but transmission occurs only in rural areas, in13 of 64 districts. The risk is high in ChittagongHill Tract districts (Bandarban, Rangamati andKhagrachari), Chittagong district and Cox Bazaar
district. Low risk exists in the districts of Hobigonj,Kurigram, Moulvibazar, Mymensingh, Netrakona,Sherpur, Sunamgonj and Sylhet. Most parts ofthe country, including Dhaka City, have no risk ofmalaria. P. falciparum resistant to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
BARBADOS
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission except Guyana and Trinidad and
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Tobago and for travellers having transited morethan 12 hours through the airport of a countrywith risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
BELARUS
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
BELGIUM
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
BELIZE
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. vivax exists in all districts but varies withinregions. Risk is moderate in Stan Creek andToledo Districts; and low in Cayo, Corozal andOrange Walk.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: II
BENIN
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from all travellers over
1 year of age.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
BERMUDA
Yellow fever
Country requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
BHUTAN
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination
certificate is required from travellers arriving fromcountries with risk of yellow fever transmission andfor all travellers having transited through the airportof a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk exists throughout the year inthe southern belt of the country comprising sevendistricts: Chukha, Dagana, Jonkhar, Pemagatshel,Samdrup, Samtse, Sarpang and Zhemgang. Notransmission occurs in the four following districts:Bumthang, Gasa, Paro and Thimphu. Seasonal
transmission during the rainy summer monthsoccurs in focal areas the rest of the country. P. fal-ciparum resistant to chloroquine and sulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas andseasons: IV
BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination
certificate is required from travellers over 1 yearof age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 monthsof age and over travelling to the following areaeast of the Andes at altitudes below 2300 m: theentire departments of Beni, Pando, and SantaCruz, and designated areas (Map) of Chuquisaca,Cochabamba, La Paz and Tarija.
Not recommended for travellers whose itinerariesare limited to areas at altitudes above 2300 m andall areas not listed above, including the cities ofLa Paz and Sucre.
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly (94%)to P. vivax exists throughout the year in the wholecountry below 2500 m. Falciparum malaria occursin Santa Cruz and in the northern departmentsof Beni and Pando, especially in the localitiesof Guayaramern and Riberalta. P. falciparumresistant to chloroquine and sulfadoxinepyri-methamine reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: II; in Beni,Pando and Santa Cruz: IV
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BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
BOTSWANA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from or having passed throughcountries with risk of yellow fever transmission andfor travellers having transited more than 12 hoursthrough the airport of a country with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly to P. fal-ciparum exists from November to May/June in thenorthern parts of the country: Bobirwa, Boteti,Chobe, Ngamiland, Okavango, Tutume districts/sub-districts. Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparumreported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
BRAZIL
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 monthsor over going to the following areas: the entirestates of Acre, Amap, Amazones, Distrito Fed-eral (including the capital city of Braslia), Gois,Maranho, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, MinasGerais, Par, Rondnia, Roraima and Tocantins,and designated areas (Map) of the following states:Bahia, Paran, Piau, Rio Grande do Sul, SantaCatarina and So Paulo states. Vaccination is also
recommended for travellers visiting Iguazu Falls.Not recommended for travellers whose itinerariesare limited to areas not listed above, including thecities of Fortaleza, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvadorand So Paulo (Map).
Malaria: In the states outside Legal Amazonia,the risk of malaria transmission is negligible ornon-existent. Malaria risk P. vivax (84%), P. fal-ciparum (15%), mixed infections (1%) is presentin most forested areas below 900 m within thenine states of the Legal Amazonia region (Acre,Amap, Amazonas, Maranho (western part),Mato Grosso (northern part), Par (except BelmCity), Rondnia, Roraima and Tocantins (western
part)). Transmission intensity varies from onemunicipality to another, and is higher in junglemining areas, in agricultural settlements lessthan 5 years old, and in some peripheral urbanareas of Cruzeiro do Sul, Manaus and Prto Velho.Malaria also occurs on the periphery of large citiessuch as Boa Vista, Macap, Maraba, Rio Brancoand Santarm. Multidrug-resistant P. falciparumreported.P. vivax resistance to chloroquine reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission and for travellers having tran-sited more than 12 hours through the airport ofa country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Human P. knowlesi infection reported.
Recommended prevention: I
BULGARIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
BURKINA FASO
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from all travellers over
1 year of age.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
BURMAseeMYANMAR
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BURUNDI
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination
certificate is required from all travellers over1 year of age.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
CAMBODIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission and for travellers having tran-sited more than 12 hours through the airport ofa country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due to P. falciparum andP. vivax exists throughout the year in all forestedrural areas, including coastal areas. Phnom Penhand areas close to Tonle Sap (Siem Reap) are notat risk. Risk within the tourist area of Angkor Wat
is negligible. P. falciparum resistance to chloro-quine and sulfadoxinepyrimethamine has beenreported throughout the country. P. falciparumresistance to artesunate, mefloquine, lumefantrineand piperaquine has been reported in westernCambodia. P. vivax resistance to chloroquine hasbeen reported in eastern Cambodia.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV(atovaquone-proguanil or doxycycline)
CAMEROON
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from all travellers over
1 year of age.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
CANADA
Yellow fever
Country requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
CANARY ISLANDS seeSPAIN
CAPE VERDE
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Limited malaria risk due predominantlyto P. falciparum exists from August to Novemberinclusive in Santiago island and in Boa Vista island(18 locally acquired cases reported in 2010).
Recommended prevention in risk areas: I
CAYMAN ISLANDS
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from all travellers over
9 months of age.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
CHAD
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers arriving from
countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 monthsor over travelling to areas south of the SaharaDesert (Map).
Not recommended for travellers whose itinerar-ies are limited to areas within the Sahara Desert(Map).
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine and
sulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
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CHILE
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
CHINA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 9 monthsof age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission and for all travellers havingtransited through the airport of a country with riskof yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk, including P. falciparummalaria, exists in Yunnan and to a lesser extent inHainan. P. falciparum resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported. Limited risk ofP. vivax malaria exists in southern and some centralprovinces, including Anhui, Ghuizhou, Henan, Hubei,Jiangsu. There is no malaria risk in urban areas.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: II; inHainan and Yunnan, IV
CHINA, HONG KONG SAR
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
CHINA, MACAO SAR
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
CHRISTMAS ISLAND
(Indian Ocean)
Yellow feverSame requirements as mainland Australia.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
COLOMBIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 monthsor over travelling to the following departments ataltitudes below 2300 m (Map): Amazonas, Antio-
quia, Arauca, Atlntico, Bolivar, Boyac, Caldas,Caquet, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Crdoba, Cun-dinamarca, Guaina, Guaviare, Huila, Magdalena,Meta, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio,Risaralda, San Andrs and Providencia, Santander,Sucre, Tolima, Vaups, Vichada, Choco (only themunicipalities of Acand, Jurad, Riosucio, andUngua), and La Guajira (only the municipalitiesof Albania, Barrancas, Dibulla, Distraccin, ElMolino, Fonseca, Hatonuevo, La Jagua del Pilar,Maicao, Manaure, Riohacha, San Juan del Cesar,Urumita, and Villanueva).
Generally not recommended1 for travellers whoseitineraries are limited to the following areas westof the Andes at altitudes below 2300 m: the
departments of Cauca, Nario and Valle de Cauca,central and southern Choco, and the cities of Bar-ranquilla, Cali, Cartagena and Medelln (Map).
Not recommended for travellers whose itinerariesare limited to all areas above 2300 m, includingthe city of Bogot and the municipality of Uribiain La Guajira department.
Malaria: Malaria risk P. vivax (72%), P. fal-ciparum (27%) is high throughout the yearin rural/jungle areas below 1600 m, especiallyin municipalities of the regions of Amazonia,
Orinoqua, Pacfico and Urab-Bajo Cauca. Trans-mission intensity varies by department, with thehighest risk in Amazonas, Antioquia, Choc, Cr-doba, Guaviare, La Guajira, Nario and Vichada.Chloroquine-resistantP. falciparum exists in Ama-zonia, Pacfico and Urab-Bajo Cauca. Resistanceto sulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: III; inAmazonia, Pacfico and Urab-Bajo Cauca: IV
COMOROS
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in the
1 Yellow fever vaccination is generally not recommended inareas where there is low potential for exposure to yellow fevervirus. However, vaccination might be considered for a smallsubset of travellers to these areas, who are at increased risk ofexposure to yellow fever virus (e.g. prolonged travel, extensiveexposure to mosquitoes, inability to avoid mosquito bites).When considering vaccination, any traveller must take into
account the risk of being infected with yellow fever virus, countryentry requirements, as well as individual risk factors (e.g. age,immune status) for serious vaccine-associated adverse events.
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whole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
CONGO
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from all travellers over
1 year of age.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
COOK ISLANDS
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
COSTA RICA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers aged over
9 months arriving from countries with risk ofyellow fever transmission (with the exception ofArgentina, Panama and Trinidad and Tobago) andfor travellers having transited more than 12 hoursthrough the airport of a country with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due almost exclusively toP. vivax occurs throughout the year in the provinceof Limn, mostly in the canton of Matina. Negli-gible or no risk of malaria transmission exists in
the other cantons of the country.Recommended prevention in risk areas: II
CTE DIVOIRE
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination cer-tificate is required from travellers over 1 year of age.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine and
sulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
CROATIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
CUBA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
CYPRUS
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
CZECH REPUBLIC
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
DEMOCRATIC PEOPLES REPUBLICOF KOREA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow
fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Limited malaria risk due exclusively toP. vivax exists in some southern areas.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: I
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO(FORMERLY ZAIRE)
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from all travellers over
1 year of age.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months orover, except as mentioned below.
Generally not recommended1 for travellers whoseitineraries are limited to Katanga Province.
1 Yellow fever vaccination is generally not recommended inareas where there is low potential for exposure to yellow fevervirus. However, vaccination might be considered for a smallsubset of travellers to these areas, who are at increased risk ofexposure to yellow fever virus (e.g. prolonged travel, extensiveexposure to mosquitoes, inability to avoid mosquito bites).When considering vaccination, any traveller must take intoaccount the risk of being infected with yellow fever virus, countryentry requirements, as well as individual risk factors (e.g. age,immune status) for serious vaccine-associated adverse events.
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Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
DENMARK
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
DJIBOUTI
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
DOMINICA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission and for travellers having tran-sited more than 12 hours through the airport ofa country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due exclusively to P. falci-parum exists throughout the year, especially inthe western provinces of Dajabn, Elias Pina andSan Juan. Risk in other areas is low to negligible.There is no evidence of P. falciparum resistanceto any antimalarial drug.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: II
ECUADOR
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year of
age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fevertransmission. Nationals and residents of Ecuadorare required to possess certificates of vaccination
on their departure to an area with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months orover travelling to the following provinces east ofthe Andes at altitudes below 2300 m: Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Sucumbios andZamora-Chinchipe (Map).
Generally not recommended1 for travellers whoseitineraries are limited to the following provinceswest of the Andes and at altitudes below 2300 m:Esmeraldas, Guayas, Los Rios and Manabi, and
designated areas of Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi,Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Imbabura, Loja,Pichincha and Tungurahua (Map).
Not recommended for travellers whose itinerariesare limited to all areas above 2300 m altitude, thecities of Guayaquil and Quito, and the GalpagosIslands (Map).
Malaria: Malaria risk P. vivax (87%), P. falci-parum (13%) exists throughout the year below1500 m, with moderate transmission risk incoastal provinces. There is no risk in Guayaquil,
Quito and other cities of the inter-Andean region.P. falciparum resistance to chloroquine and sul-fadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
EGYPT
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
All arrivals from Sudan are required to possesseither a vaccination certificate or a location cer-tificate issued by a Sudanese official centre statingthat they have not been in Sudan south of 15Nwithin the previous 6 days.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
1 Yellow fever vaccination is generally not recommended inareas where there is low potential for exposure to yellow fevervirus. However, vaccination might be considered for a smallsubset of travellers to these areas, who are at increased risk ofexposure to yellow fever virus (e.g. prolonged travel, extensiveexposure to mosquitoes, inability to avoid mosquito bites).When considering vaccination, any traveller must take intoaccount the risk of being infected with yellow fever virus, countryentry requirements, as well as individual risk factors (e.g. age,immune status) for serious vaccine-associated adverse events.
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Malaria: Very limited P. falciparum and P. vivaxmalaria risk may exist from June to October in-clusive in El Faiym governorate (no indigenouscases reported since 1998).
Recommended prevention: none
EL SALVADOR
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers aged between1 and 60 years arriving from countries with riskof yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Very low malaria risk due almost exclu-
sively to P. vivax exists in rural areas of migratoryinfluence from Guatemala. Sporadic vivax malariacases are reported from other parts of the country.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: I
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers arriving from
countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
ERITREA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers arriving from
countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: in gene-ral, no
Generally not recommended1 for travellers going to
the following states: Anseba, Debub, Gash Barka,Mae Kel and Semenawi Keih Bahri.
Not recommended for all other areas not listedabove, including the islands of the Dahlak Archi-pelagos (Map).
Malaria: Malaria risk P. falciparum and P. vivax exists throughout the year in the whole coun-try below 2200 m. There is no risk in Asmara.Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxinepyri-methamine reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
ESTONIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
ETHIOPIAYellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months orover, except as mentioned below.
Generally not recommended1 for travellers whose
itineraries are limited to the Afar and Somaliprovinces (Map).
Malaria: Malaria risk approximately 60%P. falciparum, 40% P. vivax exists throughoutthe year in the whole country below 2000 m.P. falciparum resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported. P. vivaxresistance to chloroquine reported. There is nomalaria risk in Addis Ababa.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS)
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
FAROE ISLANDS
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
FIJI
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
1 Yellow fever vaccination is generally not recommended inareas where there is low potential for exposure to yellow fevervirus. However, vaccination might be considered for a smallsubset of travellers to these areas, who are at increased risk ofexposure to yellow fever virus (e.g. prolonged travel, extensiveexposure to mosquitoes, inability to avoid mosquito bites).When considering vaccination, any traveller must take into
account the risk of being infected with yellow fever virus, countryentry requirements, as well as individual risk factors (e.g. age,immune status) for serious vaccine-associated adverse events.
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GREECE
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Very limited malaria risk (P. vivax only)may exist from May to October in villages of theEvrotas delta area in Lakonia district (an area of20km2) in agricultural area with large migrantpopulations. There is no risk in tourist areas.
Recommended prevention in risk area: I
GREENLAND
Yellow fever
Country requirement: noYellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
GRENADA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission and for travellers having tran-sited more than 12 hours through the airport ofa country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
GUADELOUPE
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
GUAM
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
GUATEMALA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. vivax exists throughout the year below 1500 m.
There is moderate risk in the departments ofEscuintla and Izabal, and low risk in Alta Verapaz,Baja Verapaz, Chiquimala, Petn, Suchitepquezand Zacapa.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: II
GUINEA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
GUINEA-BISSAU
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from all travellers over
1 year of age
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
GUYANA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from all travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission with the exception of Argentina,Paraguay, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Malaria: Malaria risk P. vivax (44%), P. falci-parum (45%), mixed infections (10%) is highthroughout the year in all parts of the interior. Riskis highest in Regions 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9 and 10, andvery low in Regions 3, 5 and 6. Sporadic casesof malaria have been reported from the denselypopulated coastal belt. Chloroquine-resistant
P. falciparum reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
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HAITI
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination
certificate is required from travellers arriving fromcountries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due exclusively to P. fal-ciparum exists throughout the year in the wholecountry. No P. falciparum resistance to chloro-quine reported.
Recommended prevention: II; or IV if chloroquineis not available pre-travel
HONDURASYellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year of
age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fevertransmission (with the exception of Panama) andfor travellers having transited more than 12 hoursthrough the airport of a country with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due to P. vivax (85%),P. falciparum (14%) and mixed infections (1%).P. vivax transmission risk is high in the departmentsof Gracias a Dios and Islas de la Baha, and moder-ate in Atlntida, Coln, Olancho, Valle and Yoro.P. falciparum transmission risk is high in Gracias aDios, and a few cases are also reported in Atlntida,Colon, Islas de la Baha, Olancho and Yoro.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: II
HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVEREGION OF CHINAseeCHINA,
HONG KONG SAR
HUNGARY
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
ICELAND
Yellow fever
Country requirement: noYellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
INDIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: anyone (except infants up
to the age of 9 months) arriving by air or seawithout a yellow fever vaccination certificateis detained in isolation for up to 6 days if thatperson (i) arrives within 6 days of departure froman area with risk of yellow fever transmission, or(ii) has been in such an area in transit (exceptthose passengers and members of the crew who,while in transit through an airport situated inan area with risk of yellow fever transmission,remained within the airport premises during theperiod of their entire stay and the Health Officeragrees to such exemption), or (iii) arrives on a
ship that started from or touched at any port inan area with risk of yellow fever transmissionup to 30 days before its arrival in India, unlesssuch a ship has been disinsected in accordancewith the procedure laid down by WHO, or (iv)arrives on an aircraft that has been in an areawith risk of yellow fever transmission and hasnot been disinsected in accordance with theIndian Aircraft Public Health Rules, 1954, oras recommended by WHO.
The following are regarded as countries and areas
with risk of yellow fever transmission:
Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi,Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo,Cte dIvoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo,Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia,Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia,Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, SierraLeone, Sudan, Togo and Uganda.
America: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Bra-zil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana,
Panama, Peru, Plurinational State of Bolivia,Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago.
Note. When a case of yellow fever is reported fromany country, that country is regarded by the Gov-ernment of India as a country with risk of yellowfever transmission and is added to the above list.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendations: no
Malaria: Malaria risk exists throughout the yearin the whole country at altitudes below 2000 m,with overall 4050% of cases due to P. falciparumand the remainder due to P. vivax. There is notransmission in parts of the states of Himachal
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Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Sikkim. Riskof falciparum malaria and drug resistance are
relatively higher in the north-eastern states, inthe Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chhattisgarh,Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka (with the excep-tion of the city of Bangalore) Madhya Pradesh,Maharasthra (with the exception of the cities ofMumbai, Nagpur, Nasik and Pune), Orissa andWest Bengal (with the exception of the city ofKolkata). P. falciparum resistance to chloroquineand sulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: III; in thelisted higher risk areas: IV
INDONESIAYellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 9 monthsof age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk exists throughout the yearin most areas of the five eastern provinces of EastNusa Tenggara, Maluku, North Maluku, Papuaand West Papua. In other parts of the country,
there is malaria risk in some districts, except inJakarta Municipality, in cities and urban areas,as well as within the areas of the main touristresorts. P. falciparum resistant to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported. P. vivax re-sistant to chloroquine reported. Human P. knowlesiinfection reported in the province of Kalimantan.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers arriving from
countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due to P. vivax and P. falci-parum exists from March to November inclusivein rural areas of the provinces of Hormozgan andKerman (tropical part) and the southern partof Sistan-Baluchestan. P. falciparum resistantto chloroquine and sulfadoxinepyrimethamine
reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
IRAQ
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination
certificate is required from travellers arriving fromcountries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Limited malaria risk due exclusively toP. vivax may exist from May to November inclu-sive in areas in the north below 1500 m (Duhok,Erbil and Sulaimaniya provinces). No indigenouscases reported since 2009.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: I
IRELANDYellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
ISRAEL
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
ITALYYellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
JAMAICA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year of
age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fevertransmission and for all travellers having transited
through the airport of a country with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Very limited risk of P. falciparum malariamay occur in the Kingston St Andrew Parish. Nolocal cases reported in 20102011.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: I
JAPAN
Yellow fever
Country requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
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JORDAN
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination
certificate is required from travellers over 1 yearof age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
KAZAKHSTAN
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers arriving from
countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
KENYA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months orover, except as mentioned below.
Generally not recommended1 for travellers whoseitineraries are limited to the following areas:the entire North Eastern Province; the states ofKilifi, Kwale, Lamu, Malindi and Tanariver in theCoastal Province; and the cities of Nairobi andMombasa (Map).
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly to P. fal-ciparum exists throughout the year in the wholecountry. Normally, there is little risk in the cityof Nairobi and in the highlands (above 2500 m) ofCentral, Eastern, Nyanza, Rift Valley and Westernprovinces. Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadox-inepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
KIRIBATI
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination
certificate is required from travellers over 1 yearof age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
KOREA, REPUBLIC OF, seeREPUBLICOF KOREA
KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLESREPUBLIC OF, seeDEMOCRATICPEOPLES REPUBLIC OF KOREA
KUWAIT
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
KYRGYZSTAN
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission and for travellers having tran-sited more than 12 hours through the airport ofa country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due exclusively to P. vivaxexists from June to October inclusive in somesouthern and western parts of the country, mainlyin areas bordering Tajikistan and Uzbekistan(Batken, Jalal-Abad and Osh regions) and in theoutskirts of Bishkek.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: I
LAO PEOPLES DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers arriving from
countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country except in Vientiane. P. falciparumresistant to chloroquine and sulfadoxinepyrimeth-
amine reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
1 Yellow fever vaccination is generally not recommended inareas where there is low potential for exposure to yellow fevervirus. However, vaccination might be considered for a smallsubset of travellers to these areas, who are at increased risk ofexposure to yellow fever virus (e.g. prolonged travel, extensiveexposure to mosquitoes, inability to avoid mosquito bites).When considering vaccination, any traveller must take into
account the risk of being infected with yellow fever virus, countryentry requirements, as well as individual risk factors (e.g. age,immune status) for serious vaccine-associated adverse events.
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LATVIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
LEBANON
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers aged over
6 months arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
LESOTHOYellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers aged over
9 months arriving from countries with risk of yel-low fever transmission and for travellers havingtransited more than 12 hours through the airportof a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
LIBERIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from all travellers over
1 year of age.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
LIBYA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers arriving from
countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
LIECHTENSTEIN
Yellow fever
Country requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
LITHUANIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
LUXEMBOURG
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
MACAO SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONOF CHINAseeCHINA, MACAO SAR
MADAGASCARYellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers arriving from
countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly to P. fal-ciparum exists throughout the year in the wholecountry, with the highest risk in coastal areas.Resistance to chloroquine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
MADEIRA ISLANDS seePORTUGAL
MALAWI
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission and for travellers having tran-sited more than 12 hours through the airport of
a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
MALAYSIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow
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fever transmission and for travellers having tran-sited more than 12 hours through the airport ofa country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: noMalaria: Malaria risk exists only in limited fociin the deep hinterland of the states of Sabah andSarawak and the central areas of PeninsularMalaysia. Urban, suburban and coastal areas arefree from malaria. P. falciparum resistant to chlo-roquine and sulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.Human P. knowlesi infection reported. P. vivaxresistance to chloroquine reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
MALDIVESYellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
MALI
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from all travellers over
1 year of age.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 monthsor over going to areas south of the Sahara Desert(Map).
Not recommended for travellers whose itinerariesare limited to areas in the Sahara Desert (Map).
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in the
whole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
MALTA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 9 monthsof age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission. If indicated on epidemiologi-cal grounds, infants under 9 months of age aresubject to isolation or surveillance if coming froman area with risk of yellow fever transmission. Nocertificate of yellow fever vaccination is required
for travellers having transited through the airportof a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
MARSHALL ISLANDS
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
MARTINIQUE
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
MAURITANIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes:
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 monthsor over travelling to areas south of the SaharaDesert (Map).
Not recommended for travellers whose itinerariesare limited to areas in the Sahara Desert (Map).
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country, except in northern areas (Dakhlet-Nouadhibou and Tiris-Zemour). In Adrar andInchiri there is malaria risk during the rainy season
(from July to October inclusive). Resistance tochloroquine reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
MAURITIUS
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission and for travellers having tran-sited more than 12 hours through the airport of
a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
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MAYOTTE (FRENCH TERRITORIALCOLLECTIVITY)
Yellow fever
Country requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly to P. fal-ciparum exists throughout the year. Resistanceto chloroquine and sulfadoxinepyrimethaminereported.
Recommended prevention: IV
MEXICOYellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due almost exclusively toP. vivax exists throughout the year in some ruralareas that are not often visited by tourists. Thereis moderate risk in some localities in the states ofChiapas and Oaxaca (mainly in Costa and Loxi-chas); very low-risk localities are also found in the
states of Chihuahua, Durango, Nayarit, QuintanaRoo and Sinaloa.
Recommended prevention in moderate risk areas:II. In low risk areas: I
MICRONESIA (FEDERATED STATES OF)
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
MONACO
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
MONGOLIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
MONTENEGRO
Yellow fever
Country requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
MONTSERRAT
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination
certificate is required from travellers over 1 yearof age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
MOROCCO
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
MOZAMBIQUE
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
MYANMAR (FORMERLY BURMA)
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers aged over
1 year arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission and for travellers having tran-sited more than 12 hours through the airport ofa country with risk of yellow fever transmission.Nationals and residents of Myanmar are requiredto possess certificates of vaccination on their
departure to an area with risk of yellow fevertransmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in remoterural, hilly and forested areas of the country aswell as in some coastal areas in Rahkine State.There is no transmission in cities and urban areas.The central plains and the dry zone are generallyfree of malaria but some pockets of transmissionstill exist. P. falciparum resistant to chloroquineand sulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported. Meflo-quine resistance reported in Kayin state and theeastern part of Shan state. Emerging artemisinin
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resistance suspected in south-eastern Myanmar.P. vivax resistance to chloroquine reported. HumanP. knowlesi infection reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IVNAMIBIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers arriving from
countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.The countries, or parts of countries, included in theendemic zones in Africa and South America are re-garded as areas with risk of yellow fever transmis-sion. Travellers who are on scheduled flights thatoriginated outside the countries with risk of yellowfever transmission, but who have been in transitthrough these areas, are not required to possessa certificate provided that they remained at thescheduled airport or in the adjacent town duringtransit. All travellers whose flights originated incountries with risk of yellow fever transmission orwho have been in transit through these countrieson unscheduled flights are required to possess acertificate. The certificate is not insisted upon inthe case of children under 1 year of age, but suchinfants may be subject to surveillance.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly to P. fal-ciparum exists from November to June inclusivein the following regions: Ohangwena, Omaheke,Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto and Otjozondjupa.Risk exists throughout the year along the Kuneneriver and in Caprivi and Kavango regions. Resis-tance to chloroquine and sulfadoxinepyrimeth-amine reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
NAURUYellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
NEPAL
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers arriving from
countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. vivax exists throughout the year in rural areas
of the 20 Terai districts bordering India, withoccasional outbreaks of P. falciparum from Julyto October inclusive. Seasonal transmission ofP. vivax takes place in 45 districts of the inner Teraiand mid-hills. P. falciparum resistant to chloro-quine and sulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: III
NETHERLANDS
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES (BONAIRE,CURAAO, SABA, ST EUSTASIUS,ST MARTIN)
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 6 monthsof age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
NEW CALEDONIA AND DEPENDENCIESYellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Note. In the event of an epidemic threat to theterritory, a specific vaccination certificate maybe required.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
NEW ZEALAND
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
NICARAGUA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow
fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
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Malaria: Low malaria risk due predominantlyto P. vivax (82%) exists throughout the year ina number of municipalities, mainly in ReginAutnoma del Atlntico Norte, with sporadictransmission also reported in Boaca, Chinan-dega, Jinoteca, Lon and Matagalpa. Cases arereported from other municipalities in the centraland western departments but the risk in theseareas is considered to be very low or negligible.No chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: II
NIGER
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from all travellers over
1 year of age and recommended for travellers
departing Niger.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 monthsor over travelling to areas south of the SaharaDesert (Map).
Not recommended for travellers whose itinerariesare limited to areas in the Sahara Desert (Map).
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falci-
parumexists throughout the year in the whole coun-try. Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
NIGERIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
NIUE
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 9 monthsof age arriving from countries with risk of yellow
fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
NORFOLK ISLAND seeAUSTRALIA
NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDSYellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
NORWAY
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
OMANYellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Sporadic transmission of P. falciparumand P. vivax may occur subsequent to internationalimportations of parasites. In 2010, local outbreaksof P. falciparum and P. vivax were reported in
North Sharqiya region. Local cases were alsoreported in 2011.
Recommended prevention: I
PAKISTAN
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 9 monthsof age arriving from any part of a country wherethere is a risk of yellow fever transmission and fortravellers having transited more than 12 hours
through the airport of a country with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk P. vivax and P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the whole countrybelow 2000 m. P. falciparum resistant to chloro-quine and sulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
PALAU
Yellow fever
Country requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
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PANAMA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination
certificate is required from all travellers arrivingfrom countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 monthsor over travelling to all mainland areas east of theCanal Zone, (the entire comarcas of Ember andKuna Yala, the province of Darin and areas of theprovinces of Coln and Panama that are east ofthe Canal Zone) (Map).
Not recommended1 for travellers whose itinerariesare limited to areas west of the canal zone, the cityof Panama, the canal zone itself, and the Balboaand San Blas Islands (Map).
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. vivax (99%) exists throughout the year inprovinces and comarcas along the Atlantic coastand the borders with Costa Rica and Colombia:Bocas del Toro, Chiriqu, Coln, Darin, Kuna Yala,Ngbe Bugl, Panama and Veraguas. In PanamaCity, in the Canal Zone and in the other provincesthere is no or a negligible risk of transmission.Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum has beenreported in Darin and San Blas.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: II; ineastern endemic areas: IV
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly to P. fal-ciparum exists throughout the year in the wholecountry below 1800 m. P. falciparum resistantto chloroquine and sulfadoxinepyrimethaminereported. P. vivax resistant to chloroquine reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
PARAGUAY
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination
certificate is required from travellers over 1 yearof age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months orover, except as mentioned below.
Generally not recommended1 for travellers whoseitineraries are limited to the city of Asuncin.
Malaria: Malaria risk due almost exclusively toP. vivax is moderate in certain municipalities of
the departments of Alto Paran and Caaguaz.In other departments there is no or negligibletransmission risk.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: II
PERU
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or
over going to the following areas at altitudes below2300 m: the entire regions of Amazonas, Loreto,Madre de Dios, San Martin and Ucayali, anddesignated areas (Map) of the following regions:far-north-eastern Ancash; northern Apurmac;northern and north-eastern Ayacucho; northernand eastern Cajamarca; north-western, northern,and north-eastern Cusco; far-northern Huan-cavelica; northern, central and eastern Hunuco;northern and eastern Junn; eastern La Libertad;central and eastern Pasco; eastern Piura; andnorthern Puno.
Generally not recommended1 for travellers whoseitineraries are limited to the following areas west ofthe Andes: the entire regions of Lambayeque andTumbes and the designated areas (Map) of westernPiura and west-central Cajamarca.
Not recommended for travellers whose itinerariesare limited to the following areas: all areas above2300 m altitude, areas west of the Andes notlisted above, the cities of Cuzco and Lima, MachuPicchu, and the Inca Trail (Map).
Malaria: Malaria risk P. vivax (89%), P. fal-ciparum (11%) exists throughout the yearin rural areas at altitudes below 2000 m. The
1 Yellow fever vaccination is generally not recommended inareas where there is low potential for exposure to yellow fevervirus. However, vaccination might be considered for a smallsubset of travellers to these areas, who are at increased risk ofexposure to yellow fever virus (e.g. prolonged travel, extensiveexposure to mosquitoes, inability to avoid mosquito bites).When considering vaccination, any traveller must take into
account the risk of being infected with yellow fever virus, countryentry requirements, as well as individual risk factors (e.g. age,immune status) for serious vaccine-associated adverse events.
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23 highest-risk districts are concentrated in theregions of Ayacucho, Junn, Loreto, Madre deDios, Piura, San Martin and Tumbes. Ninety-ninepercent of P. falciparum cases are reported from
Loreto, which is situated in the Amazon andcontains 18 of the highest-risk districts in thecountry. P. falciparum resistance to chloroquineand sulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported. P. vivaxresistance to chloroquine reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: II inP. vivax risk areas; IVin Loreto
PHILIPPINES
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year of
age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fevertransmission and for all travellers having transitedthrough the airport of a country with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Malaria risk exists throughout the year inareas below 600 m, except in the 22 provinces ofAklan, Albay, Benguet, Biliran, Bohol, Camiguin,Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cebu, Guimaras,Iloilo, Northern Leyte, Southern Leyte, Marinduque,Masbate, Eastern Samar, Northern Samar, Western
Samar, Siquijor, Sorsogon, Surigao Del Norte andmetropolitan Manila. No risk is considered to existin urban areas or in the plains. P. falciparum resis-tant to chloroquine and sulfadoxinepyrimethaminereported. Human P. knowlesi infection reported inthe province of Palawan.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
PITCAIRN
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
POLAND
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
PORTUGAL
Yellow fever
Country requirement: noYellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
PUERTO RICO
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
QATAR
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: noMalaria: Limited malaria risk due exclusively toP. vivax exists mainly in the northern areas of Gang-won-do and Gyeonggi-do Provinces and IncheonCity (towards the demilitarized zone or DMZ).
Recommended prevention in risk areas: I
REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
REUNION
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
ROMANIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 9 monthsof age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Very limited malaria risk due exclusivelyto P. vivax may exist in areas under influence of
intense migration from southern countries in the
Commonwealth of Independent States.
Recommended prevention: none
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RWANDA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination
certificate is required from all travellers over1 year of age.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
SAINT HELENA
Yellow fever
Country requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission and for travellers having tran-sited more than 12 hours through the airport ofa country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
SAINT LUCIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELON
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year
of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow
fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
SAMOA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination
certificate is required from travellers over 1 yearof age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
SAN MARINO
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from all travellers over
1 year of age.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Generally not recommended1 for travellers to SaoTome and Principe.
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly to P. fal-ciparum exists throughout the year. Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
SAUDI ARABIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from all travellers arriving
from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
Malaria: Limited malaria risk due predominantlyto P. falciparum exists mainly from September to
January inclusive in foci along the southern borderwith Yemen (except in the high altitude areas ofAsir Province). No risk in Mecca or Medina cities.Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum reported.
Recommended prevention in risk areas: IV
1 Yellow fever vaccination is generally not recommended inareas where there is low potential for exposure to yellow fevervirus. However, vaccination might be considered for a smallsubset of travellers to these areas, who are at increased risk ofexposure to yellow fever virus (e.g. prolonged travel, extensiveexposure to mosquitoes, inability to avoid mosquito bites).When considering vaccination, any traveller must take into
account the risk of being infected with yellow fever virus, countryentry requirements, as well as individual risk factors (e.g. age,immune status) for serious vaccine-associated adverse events.
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SENEGAL
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination
certificate is required from travellers over 9 monthsof age arriving from countries with risk of yellowfever transmission and for all travellers havingtransited through the airport of a country with riskof yellow fever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. There is less risk from Januaryto June inclusive in the central western regions.Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxinepyri-
methamine reported.Recommended prevention: IV
SERBIA
Yellow feverCountry requirement: no
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
SEYCHELLES
Yellow fever
Country requirement: a yellow fever vaccinationcertificate is required from travellers over 1 year ofage arriving from countries with risk of yellow fevertransmission and for all travellers having transitedthrough the airport of a country with risk of yellowfever transmission.
Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: no
SIERRA LEONE
Yellow feverCountry requirement: a yellow fever vaccination
certificate is required from all travellers.Yellow fever vaccine recommendation: yes
Malaria: Malaria risk due predominantly toP. falciparum exists throughout the year in thewhole country. Resistance to chloroquine andsulfadoxinepyrimethamine reported.
Recommended prevention: IV
SINGAPORE
Yellow feverCountry requirement: certificates of vaccination arerequired from travellers over 1 year of age who,within the preceding 6 days, have been in or have
transited more t