ITC HS (85400

* ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2010-2011 %Share 2011-

2012 %Share %Growth

HS Code digit level

option

1. 8544 INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

777.56 0.2103 934.59 0.1910 20.20 6 8

    India's Total Import 369,769.13   489,319.49   32.33  

ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011 Commodity: 8544   INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2010-2011 %Share 2011-

2012 %Share %Growth

HS Code digit level

option

1. 854411 WINDING WIRE OF COPPER

117.94 0.0319 129.41 0.0264 9.72 8

2. 854419 WINDING WIRES OF OTHR METLS,/SUBSTANCES

127.32 0.0344 161.52 0.0330 26.86 8

3. 854420 CO-AXIAL CBL & OTHR CO-AXL ELCTRCL CNDCTRS

108.15 0.0292 99.32 0.0203 -8.17 8

6. 854449 OTHR ELCTRC CNDCTRS FOR A VOLTAGE <=80 V

216.95 0.0587 247.52 0.0506 14.09 8

7. 854460 OTHER ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS, FOR A VOLTAGE EXCEEDING 1000 V :

74.72 0.0202 107.23 0.0219 43.50 8

* ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011 Commodity: 8544   INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2010-2011 %Share 2011-

2012 %Share %Growth

1. 85441110 WINDING WIRE OF ENAMELLED COPPER

79.28 0.0214 85.45 0.0175 7.78

6. 85441990 OTHER WINDING WIRES OF 121.95 0.0330 155.86 0.0319 27.81

OTHR METLS/SUBSTNCE

8. 85442090 OTHR CO-AXL ELCTRCL CNDCTRS

49.54 0.0134 51.44 0.0105 3.83

9. 85443000 IGNTN WIRING SETS & OTHR WIRING SETS OF A KIND USED IN VEHICLES AIRCRAFT/SHIPS

50.26 0.0136 74.48 0.0152 48.19

28. 85446090 OTHR ELCTRC CNDCTRS FR A VLTG EXCDG 1000 V

70.74 0.0191 98.40 0.0201 39.09

* ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2009-2010 %Share 2010-

2011 %Share %Growth

HS Code digit level

option

1. 8544 INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

689.53 0.2391 777.56 0.2103 12.77 6 8

    India's Total Import 288,372.88   369,769.13   28.23

* ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011 Commodity: 8544   INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2009-2010 %Share 2010-

2011 %Share %Growth

HS Code digit level

option

1. 854411 WINDING WIRE OF COPPER

75.00 0.0260 117.94 0.0319 57.25 8

2. 854419 WINDING WIRES OF OTHR METLS,/SUBSTANCES

120.24 0.0417 127.32 0.0344 5.89 8

3. 854420 CO-AXIAL CBL & OTHR CO-AXL ELCTRCL CNDCTRS

153.57 0.0533 108.15 0.0292 -29.58 8

6. 854449 OTHR ELCTRC CNDCTRS FOR A VOLTAGE <=80 V

183.96 0.0638 216.95 0.0587 17.93 8

7. 854460 OTHER ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS, FOR A VOLTAGE EXCEEDING

53.33 0.0185 74.72 0.0202 40.10 8

1000 V :

ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011 Commodity: 8544   INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2009-2010 %Share 2010-

2011 %Share %Growth

1. 85441110 WINDING WIRE OF ENAMELLED COPPER

38.53 0.0134 79.28 0.0214 105.75

6. 85441990 OTHER WINDING WIRES OF OTHR METLS/SUBSTNCE

116.93 0.0405 121.95 0.0330 4.29

8. 85442090 OTHR CO-AXL ELCTRCL CNDCTRS

67.45 0.0234 49.54 0.0134 -26.55

9. 85443000 IGNTN WIRING SETS & OTHR WIRING SETS OF A KIND USED IN VEHICLES AIRCRAFT/SHIPS

34.14 0.0118 50.26 0.0136 47.23

28. 85446090 OTHR ELCTRC CNDCTRS FR A VLTG EXCDG 1000 V

51.63 0.0179 70.74 0.0191 37.02

ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2008-2009 %Share 2009-

2010 %Share %Growth

HS Code digit level

option

1. 8544 INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

871.86 0.2871 689.53 0.2391 -20.91 6 8

    India's Total Import 303,696.31   288,372.88   -5.05  

ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011 Commodity: 8544   INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2008-2009 %Share 2009-

2010 %Share %Growth

HS Code digit level

option

1. 854411 WINDING WIRE OF COPPER

68.49 0.0226 75.00 0.0260 9.52 8

2. 854419 WINDING WIRES OF OTHR METLS,/SUBSTANCES

108.55 0.0357 120.24 0.0417 10.77 8

3. 854420 CO-AXIAL CBL & OTHR CO-AXL ELCTRCL CNDCTRS

172.71 0.0569 153.57 0.0533 -11.08 8

6. 854449 OTHR ELCTRC CNDCTRS FOR A VOLTAGE <=80 V

254.15 0.0837 183.96 0.0638 -27.62 8

7. 854460 OTHER ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS, FOR A VOLTAGE EXCEEDING 1000 V :

82.24 0.0271 53.33 0.0185 -35.15 8

ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011 Commodity: 8544   INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2008-2009 %Share 2009-

2010 %Share %Growth

1. 85441110 WINDING WIRE OF ENAMELLED COPPER

40.71 0.0134 38.53 0.0134 -5.35

6. 85441990 OTHER WINDING WIRES OF OTHR METLS/SUBSTNCE

105.46 0.0347 116.93 0.0405 10.87

8. 85442090 OTHR CO-AXL ELCTRCL CNDCTRS

70.56 0.0232 67.45 0.0234 -4.41

9. 85443000 IGNTN WIRING SETS & OTHR WIRING SETS OF A KIND USED IN VEHICLES AIRCRAFT/SHIPS

37.80 0.0124 34.14 0.0118 -9.69

28. 85446090 OTHR ELCTRC CNDCTRS FR A VLTG EXCDG 1000 V

74.43 0.0245 51.63 0.0179 -30.64

ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011 S.No. HSCode Commodity 2007-

2008 %Share 2008-

2009 %Share %Growth HS

Code digit

level option

1. 8544 INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

921.80 0.3663 871.86 0.2871 -5.42 6 8

    India's Total Import 251,654.01   303,696.31   20.68

ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011 Commodity: 8544   INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2007-2008 %Share 2008-

2009 %Share %Growth

HS Code digit level

option

1. 854411 WINDING WIRE OF COPPER

73.25 0.0291 68.49 0.0226 -6.50 8

2. 854419 WINDING WIRES OF OTHR METLS,/SUBSTANCES

89.41 0.0355 108.55 0.0357 21.41 8

3. 854420 CO-AXIAL CBL & OTHR CO-AXL ELCTRCL CNDCTRS

199.02 0.0791 172.71 0.0569 -13.22 8

7. 854449 OTHR ELCTRC CNDCTRS FOR A VOLTAGE <=80 V

206.82 0.0822 254.15 0.0837 22.88 8

10. 854460 OTHER ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS, FOR A VOLTAGE EXCEEDING 1000 V :

38.35 0.0152 82.24 0.0271 114.43 8

* ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011 Commodity: 8544   INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2007-2008 %Share 2008-

2009 %Share %Growth

1. 85441110 WINDING WIRE OF ENAMELLED COPPER

52.31 0.0208 40.71 0.0134 -22.17

6. 85441990 OTHER WINDING WIRES OF OTHR METLS/SUBSTNCE

87.07 0.0346 105.46 0.0347 21.13

8. 85442090 OTHR CO-AXL ELCTRCL 66.35 0.0264 70.56 0.0232 6.35

CNDCTRS

9. 85443000 IGNTN WIRING SETS & OTHR WIRING SETS OF A KIND USED IN VEHICLES AIRCRAFT/SHIPS

20.89 0.0083 37.80 0.0124 80.92

48. 85446090 OTHR ELCTRC CNDCTRS FR A VLTG EXCDG 1000 V

35.42 0.0141 74.43 0.0245 110.13

ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2006-2007 %Share 2007-

2008 %Share %Growth

HS Code digit level

option

1. 8544 INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

488.34 0.2629 921.80 0.3663 88.76 6 8

    India's Total Import 185,735.24   251,654.01   35.49

ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011 Commodity: 8544   INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2006-2007 %Share 2007-

2008 %Share %Growth

HS Code digit level

option

1. 854411 WINDING WIRE OF COPPER

78.78 0.0424 73.25 0.0291 -7.02 8

2. 854419 WINDING WIRES OF OTHR METLS,/SUBSTANCES

54.54 0.0294 89.41 0.0355 63.93 8

3. 854420 CO-AXIAL CBL & OTHR CO-AXL ELCTRCL CNDCTRS

71.62 0.0386 199.02 0.0791 177.87 8

6. 854449 OTHR ELCTRC CNDCTRS FOR A VOLTAGE <=80 V

124.42 0.0670 206.82 0.0822 66.23 8

9. 854460 OTHER ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS, FOR A VOLTAGE EXCEEDING 1000 V :

26.08 0.0140 38.35 0.0152 47.07 8

* ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011 Commodity: 8544   INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2006-2007 %Share 2007-

2008 %Share %Growth

1. 85441110 WINDING WIRE OF ENAMELLED COPPER

53.67 0.0289 52.31 0.0208 -2.54

6. 85441990 OTHER WINDING WIRES OF OTHR METLS/SUBSTNCE

52.37 0.0282 87.07 0.0346 66.25

8. 85442090 OTHR CO-AXL ELCTRCL CNDCTRS

32.61 0.0176 66.35 0.0264 103.46

9. 85443000 IGNTN WIRING SETS & OTHR WIRING SETS OF A KIND USED IN VEHICLES AIRCRAFT/SHIPS

9.29 0.0050 20.89 0.0083 124.78

36. 85446090 OTHR ELCTRC CNDCTRS FR A VLTG EXCDG 1000 V

22.20 0.0120 35.42 0.0141 59.57

ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2005-2006 %Share 2006-

2007 %Share %Growth

HS Code digit level

option

1. 8544 INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

350.42 0.2349 488.34 0.2629 39.36 6 8

    India's Total Import 149,165.73   185,735.24   24.52

ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2004-2005 %Share 2005-

2006 %Share %Growth

HS Code digit level

option

1. 8544 INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

311.36 0.2792 350.42 0.2349 12.54 6 8

    India's Total Import 111,517.43   149,165.73   33.76  

ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2003-2004 %Share 2004-

2005 %Share %Growth

HS Code digit level

option

1. 8544 INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

193.96 0.2482 311.36 0.2792 60.53 6 8

    India's Total Import 78,149.11   111,517.43   42.70

ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2002-2003 %Share 2003-

2004 %Share %Growth

HS Code digit level

option

1. 8544 INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

161.77 0.2634 193.96 0.2482 19.90 6 8

    India's Total Import 61,412.14   78,149.11   27.25  

ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped or re-allocated from April 2011

S.No. HSCode Commodity 2001-2002 %Share 2002-

2003 %Share %Growth

HS Code digit level

option

1. 8544 INSULATED (INCLUDING ENAMELLED OR ANODISED) WIRE, CABLE (INCLUDING CO-AXIAL CABLE) AND OTHER INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUC

198.59 0.3863 161.77 0.2634 -18.54 6 8

    India's Total Import 51,413.28   61,412.14   19.45  

INTRO:-

Electrical machinery and Components:-An electrical machine is the apparatus that converts energy in three categories: generators which convert mechanical energy to electrical energy, motors which convert electrical energy to mechanical energy, and transformers which changes the voltage level of an alternating current.

Generator

An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. A generator forces electrons to flow through an external electrical circuit. It is somewhat analogous to a water pump, which creates a flow of water but does not create the water inside. The source of mechanical energy, the prime mover, may be a reciprocating or turbine steam engine, water falling through a turbine or waterwheel, an internal combustion engine, a wind turbine, a hand crank, compressed air or any other source of mechanical energy.

The two main parts of an electrical machine can be described in either mechanical or electrical terms. In mechanical terms, the rotor is the rotating part, and the stator is the stationary part of an electrical machine. In electrical terms, the armature is the power-producing component and the field is the magnetic field component of an electrical machine. The armature can be on either the rotor or the stator. The magnetic field can be provided by either electromagnets or permanent magnets mounted on either the rotor or the stator. Generators are classified into two types, AC generators and DC generators.

Motor

An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The reverse process of electrical generators, most electric motors operate through interacting magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors to generate rotational force. Motors and generators have many similarities and many types of electric motors can be run as generators, and vice versa.

Electric motors are found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives. They may be powered by direct current or by alternating current which leads to the two main classifications: AC motors and DC motors.

Transformer

A transformer is a static device that converts alternating current from one voltage level to another level (higher or lower), or to the same level, without changing the frequency. A

transformer transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils. A varying electric current in the first or primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a varying magnetic field through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic field induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) or "voltage" in the secondary winding. This effect is called mutual induction.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_machine

An electronic component is any basic discrete device or physical entity in an electronic system used to affect electrons or their associated fields. Electronic components are mostly industrial products, available in a singular form and are not to be confused with electrical elements, which are conceptual abstractions representing idealized electronic components.

Electronic componentElectronic components have two or more electrical terminals (or leads). These leads connect, usually soldered to a printed circuit board, to create an electronic circuit (a discrete circuit) with a particular function (for example an amplifier, radio receiver, or oscillator). Basic electronic components may be packaged discretely, as arrays or networks of like components, or integrated inside of packages such as semiconductor integrated circuits, hybrid integrated circuits, or thick film devices. The following list of electronic components focuses on the discrete version of these components, treating such packages as components in their own right.

Classification

A component may be classified as passive, active, or electromechanic. The strict physics definition treats passive components as ones that cannot supply energy themselves, whereas a battery would be seen as an active component since it truly acts as a source of energy.

However, electronic engineers who perform circuit analysis use a more restrictive definition of passivity. When only concerned with the energy of signals, it is convenient to ignore the so-called DC circuit and pretend that the power supplying components such as transistors or integrated circuits is absent (as if each such component had its own battery built in), though it may in reality be supplied by the DC circuit. Then, the analysis only concerns the AC circuit, an abstraction that ignores DC voltages and currents (and the power associated with them) present in the real-life circuit. This fiction, for instance, lets us view an oscillator as "producing energy" even though in reality the oscillator consumes even more energy from a DC power supply, which we have chosen to ignore. Under that restriction, we define the terms as used in circuit analysis as:

Active components rely on a source of energy (usually from the DC circuit, which we have chosen to ignore) and usually can inject power into a circuit, though this is not part of the definition.[1] Active components include amplifying components such as transistors, triode vacuum tubes (valves), and tunnel diodes.

Passive components can't introduce net energy into the circuit. They also can't rely on a source of power, except for what is available from the (AC) circuit they are connected to. As a consequence they can't amplify (increase the power of a signal), although they may increase a voltage or current (such as is done by a transformer or resonant circuit). Passive components include two-terminal components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers.

Electromechanical components can carry out electrical operations by using moving parts or by using electrical connections

Most passive components with more than two terminals can be described in terms of two-port parameters that satisfy the principle of reciprocity—though there are rare exceptions.[2] In contrast, active components (with more than two terminals) generally lack that property.

Active components

Semiconductors

A.Diodes

Conduct electricity easily in one direction, among more specific behaviors.

Diode , Rectifier, Bridge rectifier Schottky diode, hot carrier diode – super fast diode with lower forward voltage drop Zener diode – Passes current in reverse direction to provide a constant voltage reference Transient voltage suppression diode (TVS), Unipolar or Bipolar – used to absorb high-voltage

spikes Varactor, Tuning diode, Varicap, Variable capacitance diode – A diode whose AC capacitance

varies according to the DC voltage applied. Light-emitting diode (LED) – A diode that emits light LASER diode – A semiconductor laser Photodiode – Passes current in proportion to incident light

o Avalanche photodiode Photodiode with internal gaino Solar Cell, photovoltaic cell, PV array or panel, produces power from light

DIAC (Diode for Alternating Current), Trigger Diode, SIDAC) – Often used to trigger an SCR Constant-current diode Peltier cooler – A semiconductor heat pump

B. Transistors

Transistors were considered the invention of the century that changed electronic circuits forever. A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power.

Transistors o Bipolar junction transistor (BJT, or simply "transistor") – NPN or PNP

Photo transistor – Amplified photodetectoro Darlington transistor – NPN or PNP

Photo Darlington – Amplified photodetectoro Sziklai pair (Compound transistor, complementary Darlington)

Field-effect transistor (FET) o JFET (Junction Field-Effect Transistor) – N-CHANNEL or P-CHANNELo MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET) – N-CHANNEL or P-CHANNELo MESFET (MEtal Semiconductor FET)o HEMT (High electron mobility transistor)

Thyristors o Silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) – Passes current only after triggered by a sufficient

control voltage on its gateo TRIAC (TRIode for Alternating Current) – Bidirectional SCRo Unijunction transistor (UJT)o Programmable Unijunction transistor (PUT)o SIT (Static induction transistor)o SITh (Static induction thyristor

Composite transistors o IGBT (Insulated-gate bipolar transistor)

C. Integrated circuits

Digital Analog

o Hall effect sensor – Senses a magnetic fieldo Current sensor – Senses a current through it

D. Optoelectronic devices

Optoelectronics o Opto-Isolator, Opto-Coupler, Photo-Coupler – Photodiode, BJT, JFET, SCR, TRIAC, Zero-

crossing TRIAC, Open collector IC, CMOS IC, Solid state relay (SSR)o Opto switch, Opto interrupter, Optical switch, Optical interrupter, Photo switch, Photo

interruptero LED display – Seven-segment display, Sixteen-segment display, Dot-matrix display

Display technologies

Current:

Filament lamp (indicator lamp) Vacuum fluorescent display (VFD) (preformed characters, 7 segment, starburst) Cathode ray tube (CRT) (dot matrix scan (e.g. computer monitor), radial scan (e.g. radar),

arbitrary scan (e.g. oscilloscope)) (monochrome & colour) LCD (preformed characters, dot matrix) (passive, TFT) (monochrome, colour) Neon (individual, 7 segment display) LED (individual, 7 segment display, starburst display, dot matrix) Flap indicator (numeric, preprinted messages)

Plasma display (dot matrix)

Obsolete:

Filament lamp 7 segment display (aka 'minitron') Nixie Tube Dekatron (aka glow transfer tube) Magic eye tube indicator Penetron (a 2 colour see-through CRT)

Vacuum tubes (valves)

Based on current conduction through a vacuum (see Vacuum tube)

Diode or Rectifier tube

Amplifying tubes

Triode Tetrode Pentode Hexode Pentagrid Octode Microwave tubes

o Klystron o Magnetron o Traveling-wave tube

Optical detectors or emitters

Phototube or Photodiode – tube equivalent of semiconductor photodiode Photomultiplier tube – Phototube with internal gain Cathode ray tube (CRT) or Television picture tube Vacuum fluorescent display (VFD) – Modern non-raster sort of small CRT display Magic eye tube – Small CRT display used as a tuning meter (obsolete) X-ray tube – Produces x-rays

Discharge devices

Gas discharge tube

Obsolete:

Mercury arc rectifier Voltage regulator tube

Nixie tube Thyratron Ignitron

Power sources

Sources of electrical power:

Battery – acid- or alkali-based power supply Fuel cell – an electrochemical generator Power supply – usually a mains hook-up Photo voltaic device – generates electricity from light Thermo electric generator – generates electricity from temperature gradients Electrical generator – an electromechanical power source Piezoelectric pressure - creates electricity from mechanical strain Physically carrying electrons - Van de Graaff generator or essentially creating voltage from

friction

Passive components

Resistors

SMD resistors on a backside of a PCB

Pass current in proportion to voltage (Ohm's law) and oppose current.

Resistor – fixed value o Power resistor – larger to safely dissipate heat generatedo SIP or DIP resistor network – array of resistors in one package

Variable resistor o Rheostat – two-terminal variable resistor (often for high power)

o Potentiometer – three-terminal variable resistor (variable voltage divider)o Trim pot – Small potentiometer, usually for internal adjustments

Heater – heating element Resistance wire , Nichrome wire – wire of high-resistance material, often used as a heating

element Thermistor – temperature-varied resistor Humistor – humidity-varied resistor Varistor , Voltage Dependent Resistor, MOV – Passes current when excessive voltage is present

Capacitors

Some different capacitors for electronic equipment

Capacitors store and release electrical charge. They are used for filtering power supply lines, tuning resonant circuits, and for blocking DC voltages while passing AC signals, among numerous other uses.

Capacitor o Integrated capacitors

MIS capacitor Trench capacitor

o Fixed capacitors Ceramic capacitor Film capacitor Electrolytic capacitor

Aluminum electrolytic capacitor Tantalum electrolytic capacitor Niobium electrolytic capacitor Polymer capacitor OS-CON

Electric double-layer capacitor Nanoionic supercapacitor

Lithium-ion capacitor Mica capacitor Vacuum capacitor

o Variable capacitor – adjustable capacitance Tuning capacitor – variable capacitor for tuning a radio, oscillator, or tuned

circuit Trimmer capacitor – small variable capacitor usually for internal adjustments Vacuum variable capacitor

o Capacitors for special applications Power capacitor Safety capacitor Filter capacitor Light-emitting capacitor Motor capacitor Photoflash capacitor Reservoir capacitor

o Capacitor network (array) Varicap diode – AC capacitance varies according to the DC voltage applied

Magnetic (inductive) devices

Electrical components that use magnetism:

Inductor , coil, choke Variable inductor Saturable Inductor Transformer Magnetic amplifier (toroid) ferrite impedances, beads Motor / Generator Solenoid Loudspeaker and microphone

Networks

Components that use more than one type of passive component:

RC network – forms an RC circuit, used in snubbers LC Network – forms an LC circuit, used in tunable transformers and RFI filters.

Transducers, sensors, detectors

1. Transducers generate physical effects when driven by an electrical signal, or vice-versa.2. Sensors (detectors) are transducers that react to environmental conditions by changing their

electrical properties or generating an electrical signal.

3. The transducers listed here are single electronic components (as opposed to complete assemblies), and are passive (see Semiconductors and Tubes for active ones). Only the most common ones are listed here.

Audio (see also piezoelectric devices) o Loudspeaker – Magnetic or piezoelectric device to generate full audioo Buzzer – Magnetic or piezoelectric sounder to generate tones

Position, motion o Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) – Magnetic – detects linear positiono Rotary encoder , Shaft Encoder – Optical, magnetic, resistive or switches – detects

absolute or relative angle or rotational speedo Inclinometer – Capacitive – detects angle with respect to gravityo Motion sensor , Vibration sensoro Flow meter – detects flow in liquid or gas

Force, torque o Strain gauge – Piezoelectric or resistive – detects squeezing, stretching, twistingo Accelerometer – Piezoelectric – detects acceleration, gravity

Thermal o Thermocouple , thermopile – Wires that generate a voltage proportional to delta

temperatureo Thermistor – Resistor whose resistance changes with temperature, up PTC or down NTCo Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) – Wire whose resistance changes with

temperatureo Bolometer – Device for measuring the power of incident electromagnetic radiationo Thermal cutoff – Switch that is opened or closed when a set temperature is exceeded

Magnetic field (see also Hall Effect in semiconductors) o Magnetometer , Gauss meter

Humidity o Hygrometer

Electromagnetic, light o Photo resistor – Light dependent resistor (LDR)

Antennas

Antennas transmit or receive radio waves

Elemental dipole Yagi Phased array Loop antenna Parabolic dish Log-periodic dipole array Biconical Feedhorn

Assemblies, modules

Multiple electronic components assembled in a device that is in itself used as a component

Oscillator Display devices

o Liquid crystal display (LCD)o Digital voltmeters

Filter

Prototyping aids

Wire-wrap Breadboard

Electromechanical :- Piezoelectric devices, crystals, resonators

Passive components that use piezoelectric effect:

Components that use the effect to generate or filter high frequencies o Crystal – a ceramic crystal used to generate precise frequencies (See the Modules class

below for complete oscillators)o Ceramic resonator – Is a ceramic crystal used to generate semi-precise frequencieso Ceramic filter – Is a ceramic crystal used to filter a band of frequencies such as in radio

receiverso surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters

Components that use the effect as mechanical transducers. o Ultrasonic motor – Electric motor that uses the piezoelectric effectso For piezo buzzers and microphones, see the Transducer class below

Terminals and connectors

Devices to make electrical connection

Terminal Connector

o Socket o Screw terminal, Terminal Blocks o Pin header

Cable assemblies

Cables with connectors or terminals at their ends

Power cord Patch cord Test lead

2 different tactile switches

Switches

Components that can pass current ("closed") or break the flow of current ("open"):

Switch – Manually operated switch. o Electrical description: SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT, NPNT (general)o Technology: slide switches, toggle switches, rocker switches, rotary switches,

pushbutton switches Keypad – Array of pushbutton switches DIP switch – Small array of switches for internal configuration settings Footswitch – Foot-operated switch Knife switch – Switch with unenclosed conductors Micro switch – Mechanically activated switch with snap action Limit switch – Mechanically activated switch to sense limit of motion Mercury switch – Switch sensing tilt Centrifugal switch – Switch sensing centrifugal force due to rate of rotation Relay – Electrically operated switch (mechanical, also see Solid State Relay below) Reed switch – Magnetically activated switch Thermostat – Thermally activated switch Humidistat – Humidity activated switch Circuit Breaker – Switch opened in response to excessive current: a resettable fuse

Protection devices

Passive components that protect circuits from excessive currents or voltages:

Fuse – over-current protection, one time use Circuit Breaker – resettable fuse in the form of a mechanical switch Resettable fuse or PolySwitch – circuit breaker action using solid state device Ground-fault protection or residual-current device – circuit breaker sensitive to mains currents

passing to ground Metal oxide varistor (MOV), surge absorber , TVS – Over-voltage protection. Inrush current limiter – protection against initial Inrush current Gas discharge tube – protection against high voltage surges Spark gap – electrodes with a gap to arc over at a high voltage Lightning arrester – spark gap used to protect against lightning strikes

Mechanical accessories

Enclosure (electrical) Heat sink Fan

Other

Printed circuit boards Lamp Waveguide Memristor

Obsolete:

Carbon amplifier (see Carbon microphones used as amplifiers) Carbon arc (negative resistance device) Dynamo (historic rf generator)

Standard symbols Main article: Electronic symbol

On a circuit diagram, electronic devices are represented by conventional symbols. Reference designators are applied to the symbols to identify the component.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_component