IT Project Management โดย ผศ.ดร.ม.ล. กุลธร เกษมสันต
The Triple Constraint
o Every project is constrained in different ways by its:n Scope goals: What is the project trying to
accomplish?n Time goals: How long should it take to
complete?n Cost goals: What should it cost?
o It is the project manager’s duty to balance these three often competing goals
The Triple Constraint of Project Management
Successful project management means meeting all three goals (scope, time, and cost) – and satisfying the project’s sponsor!
A Systems View of Project Management
o The term systems approach emerged in the 1950s to describe a holistic and analytical approach to solving complex problems.
o Three parts include:n Systems philosophy: View things as systems, which are
interacting components that work within an environment to fulfill some purpose.
n Systems analysis: Problem-solving approach. n Systems management: Address business, technological, and
organizational issues before making changes to systems.
Understand Organizations
Structural frame:Focuses on roles and responsibilities, coordination, and control. Organization charts help define this frame.
Human resources frame:Focuses on providing harmony between needs of the organization and needs of people.
Political frame:Assumes organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. Conflict and power are key issues.
Symbolic frame: Focuses on symbols and meanings related to events. Culture is important.
Project Phases and the Project Life Cycle
o A project life cycle is a collection of project phases that defines:n What work will be performed in each phase.n What deliverables will be produced and when.n Who is involved in each phase. n How management will control and approve work
produced in each phase.
o A deliverable is a product or service produced or provided as part of a project.
Product Life Cycleso Products also have life cycles.o A systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a framework for
describing the phases involved in developing information systems which are planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support.
o Systems development projects can follow: n Predictive Software Development life cycle: The scope of the
project can be clearly articulated and the schedule and cost can be predicted.
n Adaptive Software Development (ASD) life cycle: Projects are mission driven and component based, and use time-based cycles to meet target dates.
Distinguishing Project Life Cycles and Product Life Cycles
o The project life cycle applies to all projects, regardless of the products being produced.
o Product life cycle models vary considerably based on the nature of the product.
o Most large IT systems are developed as a series of projects.
o Project management is done in all of the product life cycle phases.
The Context of IT Projects
o IT projects can be very diverse in terms of size, complexity, products produced, application area, and resource requirements.
o IT project team members often have diverse backgrounds and skill sets.
o IT projects use diverse technologies that change rapidly. Even within one technology area, people must be highly specialized.
Project Management Process Groups
o A process is a series of actions directed toward a particular result.
o Project management can be viewed as a number of interlinked processes.
o The project management process groups include:n Initiating processes n Planning processesn Executing processesn Monitoring and controlling processesn Closing processes
Mapping the Process Groups to the Knowledge Areas
o You can map the main activities of each PM process group into the nine knowledge areas by using the PMBOK® Guide 2004.
o Note that there are activities from eachknowledge area under the planning process group.
o All initiating activities are part of the project integration management knowledge area.