.;.i''t-'',, · checklist for site typing, V. Londform types referred to in site type descriptions (App. lll). Vl. Southern Jorroh Foresl Indicotor Species Site Preferences. 6l FIGURES

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a

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Conlenls (conlinued)

DISCUSSION

Poge

Diebock

Regenerotion

Site Chorocteristics

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

l, Survev Species Lisi - List of indicotor species used in thesurvey ond described in this publicotion,

ll. Diogrommotic Representotion of Indicotor Species -Exomples of species which showed o good correlotionwith component oxes,

lll, Site Type Descriptions used for identificotion ofgroupings determined from onolysis of the survey dolo

lV. Site/Vegetotion Summory Motrix - A summory of the sitetvpe ottribuies which con be used os o quick referencechecklist for site typing,

V. Londform types referred to in site type descriptions(App. lll).

Vl. Southern Jorroh Foresl Indicotor Species Site Preferences. 6l

FIGURES

I . Moo of the Southern Jorroh Forest Areo of theSouih-west of W,A,, showing the Study Areo.

2, Disiribution of Indicotor Species within the ComponentSpoce Derived by Principol Component Anolysis - Axescr & c2.

3. Disiribuiion of Indicotor Species within the ComponentSpoce Derived by Principol Component Anolysis - Axesc3 & c4.

4. Exomple of CORD Species Output - Showing distributionof obundonce scores for Agonis potviceps

5, CORD output of Jonoh Seedling Regenerotion on Axesc l & c2,

6. CORD output of Jonoh Seedling Regenerotion on Axesc] & c3.

7, CORD output of Jonoh Dynomic Regenerotion on Axesc1 & c4.

27

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e€ffiK&ffiffiffiffi"s&eKK

Introduction

assessed by a survey conelating site and dieback

impact, or researched using specific trials. The

information on site behaviour can then be used to

prescribe management for that situation on a

particular site.

Already in the northern jarrah forest the site

classification by Havel (1975a) is being used to make

decisions on land use priorities, management of the

jarrah dieback disease problem, logging and

regeneration requirements and fauna and flora

management. It was obvious to managers that this

information was essential for the southern forest

areas also. A particular concern was regeneration

requirements of different sites, and this aspect has

been emphasised in this study.

As the following discussions show, the study area in

the southern jarrah forest differs considerably from

that of the north as described by Havel (1975a),

particularly in the greater variability and mosaic of

soils and geology. The early work of Diels (1906)

recognised, apart from the more obvious east-west

trend, a north-south trend in species distribution

within ihe jarrah forest and in the structure and

composition of the forest. McArthur and Clifton(1975) commented that the area they studied

contains soils and soil-landscape units which have

been recognised for many years as unusual in

Western Australia and this was one of the reasons

for their survey. Both McArthur and Clifton (1975)

and Havel (1975a) recognised soils and landscape

position as important factors, along with climate, in

influencing vegetation upon which recent site

classification studies have been based.

Climate, though it differed significantly, showed a

gradation fron the coast to the north-east similar to

the northern forest's west to east trend. Because of

climatic differences and the significant changes in

soils and geology, however, it was obvious that the

site classification for the north could not be overlaid

on the southern forest areas.

A separate classification system was necessary. This

study set out to provide such a system. One which

could be used to categorise, describe and identify

units of land relevant to the management decisions

to be made with whatever detail was required. The

area classified must relate to the management issues

such as dieback, silviculture and regeneration, and

respond in predictable ways to the management

prescribed.

This paper describes the study area (Fig. 1) in

comparison with the northern jarrah forest, the

procedures used to assess and analyse the

differences within the southern forest, and the

results obtained. The results include the description

of site types defined from the survey.

'v A Jo +seiv\-q+nos eq+ Jo ooro $eto,t Lloxot ujeq+nos eLl+ Jo dDlAI arnolJ

'rrn141 a1e1 o1 d;erg Suqreq aql

JO aUrT aql uroq lsea ol lsa.4t pue xnealsEJallug,cl ldt€ tspo) ruaqlnos Jrll uro4 puelur 'dn1epnq3 1uno1r1;o dlrurcr-,r aql ot qlnos dnurrluell to quou pare

aql ruo{ spua}a 11 '1 aJn8rg rq uMoqs sI '7!uI 0001

dpleurxordde Jo 'paJaAoJ eaJe oql .€rl€Jlsnv

ualsaM Jo lsa./vr-qlnos arualxa aql ur a1od1e1,4spJP.rol spre.^ qlnos pus alJlpr{uoN ,uoFaqured'dnr.ur[ue141 punoJ? eale lsa.roy qerre[ lnetu aql

Jo lsor.u sralor sarldde .{pn1s sn{l q)rr{-.r ol eare aql

uorlEJoT

earv dpnls aqlIo uopdFrsac

Description of the Study Area

Geology, Topography AndDrainage Features

These features have been described in detail by

McArthur and Clifton (1975) for the majority of the

study area, but a brief description is provided here

The study area is the southern extremity of the Great

Plateau (Jutson 1934), and has a basement ol

Precambrian gneissic rocks (McArthur and Clifton

1975). The gneiss varies in composition, the rock

types consisting of acid to basic banded gneisses and

granulites which are predominantly metamorPhic'

Cope (1975) has subdivided the Plateau along a

hingeline, the Jarrahwood axis, in the vicinity of

Manjimup. To the north is the Darling Plateau, an

ancient erosional surface with an average height in

that vicinity of 300 m above sea level with much

laterisation occurring during the Tertiary period'

The Darling Plateau extends north through the

northern jarrah forests. The area to the south,

covering much of thc study area, is known as the

Ravensthorpe RamP.

The Ramp is characterised by the gently sloping

nature of the dissected lateritic surface The

remnanf5 o l lhe Id te r i l l c dur ic rus l a re commut t in

the northern sector at 280 m above sea level around

Manjimup, and decreasing in occurrence to the

south and in altitude to almost rnerge with the

laterit ic remnants of the Blackwood Plateau as the

Darling Fault to the west of the area loses definition'

The lateritic renlnants are rnuch less common than

on the Darling ScarP to the north The remnants

appear to pass below the sandy coastal plain at Mt

Chudalup at the southcrn edge of the study area'

These basic differences in geology and

geomorphology between northern and southern

jarrah forest result in differences in proportion and

distribution of similar sites, and to some extent rn

the nature of sites between north and south.

The two maior drainage systems in the area are the

Warren-Tone and the Frankland Rivers The latter

only drains Parts of the eastern cxtremities of the

study area around Lake Muir. Both drainage

systems tap the broad Tertiary alluvial f lats which

extend onto the Ravensthorpe Ramp from the

north-east (Wild and Walker 1984) This gives these

streams the characteristic sequence o{ valley forms

of the major northern rivers, with broad sluggish

drainage in their upper reaches through to more

deeply incised valleys of rejuvenated channels in the

Pemberton landform (McArthur and Clifton 1975)

They become sluggish and swampy again as they

pass through the coastal sands and estuarine

deposits. Drainage is generally south-westerly but is

apparently influenced by the underlying geology

and perhaps earlier Tertiary drainage Patterns,causing many rightangled lurns and horseshoe

bends.

The Gardner drainage system rises in the steeply

dissected Pemberton landform north-west of

Northcliffe, and is much shorter than the two former

systems. It does not extend back to tap the earlier

drainage deposits of the Darling Plateau, and is a

younger stream. It also flows generally

south-westerly and becornes very sluggish through

the coastal belt. The mouth has been deflected

eastwards by sand accumulations as have many of

the other streams. The Shannon and Deep drainage

systems are of intermediate size rising in the flatter

less dissected landscape of the Nyamup and

Balbarup landforms (McArthur and Clifton 1975),

with swanpy headwaters. Only the northern

portions of their basins are in the study area.

There are also two very small streams, the Meerup

and Doggerup Creeks, entirely within the coastal

belt. They run in very broad poorly defined channels

through swampy sands and estuarine deposits. Like

the major streams they run south westerly to the

coast.

Climate

The climate of the area has been generally described

as mediterranean, but with strong oceanic and

topographical influences. The distribution of many

of the climatic features follows the coastline as it

swings eastward along the south-coast creating a

north-east to south-west Pattern rather than the west

to east trends of the northern forest

Tire small changes in latitude cause marked

differences in sorne features. The growing season

opens mid February in the extreme south, but not

until the end of March at ManjimuP or mid April in

the Armadale area in the north. The length of

growing season ranges from ten months to seven

and a half months to six months respectivcly

(Bureau of MetcorologY 1965).

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lsoroJ rrJE>l urPur aql sr ura1s.,{s dn1e.roory ag1 1

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;o u.rel1ed ro aruanbas p ur aurquroJ suorl€rJosspaqt aJaqM sruals{s uo4ela8a,r olr,n suorlerJossp

lueld asaql padnol3 osye spq qlrus 'suorler)osse

IIos ppoJq ol r€lrwrs aJuaJrnJJo pue sanads lerrdllaql saqrDsap qlrurg l-ro8aler qreo rog sarradsro(eur pue dlrsuap ur suor+prJel uo pas€q suorsrlrpdueur a,re oroql lnq 'puelaSpes pup puelqnrr,lsuado J1e1

'qruJs pasolJ 'puqpoo.41 uado 'lsaro;

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Jo lsrsuoJ aderspuel aql ur taq8rq qros -{llelauag

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slros puv uorlElaSaA

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uo Surrrnr:ro JoZg ueql ;alear8 sarnleradrualt{lrM 'lseoJ arll raJpau JalooJ alg sarnleradrualIauIuInS Gl6l dSoloroaley,rg Jo n€olng)q$ou aqt ur ueql ra,lrol qJnur aJe sernle;adurallunuurxpur pue runurulu aq1 .1uarudola,r.ap

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'uouaqurad

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eary lpnlg aql;o uoqdursaq

Description of the Study Area

gullies, and the stunted jarrah and paperbarkand sedgelands of the broader drainage lines inthe south.

2. The Darling system is the jarrah area of dissectedcountry east of the escarpment and itsassociations with marri, W.A. blackbutt (8.patens) and W.A. flooded gum (E. rirdis). Thereare also flats with paperbarks (Melaleu<ct sp.)and banksias (Ban&sia sp.).

3. The Jingalup system occurs in the north-eastwhere wandoo appears in the valleys and lowerslopes. In wetter areas swamp yate (8.

ottidentolis) occurs and flooded gum is foundalong the main streams. Jarrah is still dominanton the lateritic ridges.

4. The Scott River system is the extensive area ofseasonally wet flats south of the karri forest.Here there is a mixture of low jarrah woodland,stunted jarrah, paperbarks, banksias andsedgelands in the wetter flats. There are alsomany swamps and small lakes. There are smallrises of open jarrah forest, but more commonlyoccurring are narrow sandy ridges of banksiaIow woodland.

5. Along the coast is the Boranup system. On theinland side of stabilised dunes occur stands ofkarri, jarrah, marri, yate and bullich. Much of thedunes are covered with peppermint (Agonis

flexuosa). On the foredunes and recent dunes areheaths, shrublands and grasslands. There arealso extensive areas of unstabilised dunes.

Management of the southern forest for recreationplanning, logging, dieback disease and firemanagement is already at a more detailed level thanthese vegetation units would allow. They cover toomany vegetation complexes and do not provide anydetail of the character of the units to assist with asystem of management. The aim of this study was toclassify the vegetation into associations which couldprovide useful indications of site characteristics suchas productivity, regeneration capacity and diebacksusceptibility, for units of sufficient detail to beuseful for current management needs. By themethods used it was also intended to determine theenvironmental and edaphic factors which affect thedistribution and abundance of species anddetermines their site preferences. This wouldprovide the clues to a site's characteristics such assoil development, drainage, moisture and fertility, toassist in decision making for that site's management.

'eere aq1 ;o dlqrqerJpl pue ozrs ar.{l uo Surpuadapslo1d ;o raqrunu ar{l 'pasup4 e 3uo1e {lerqetualsdspalplol ara,^^ sloyd eare aldures e urqllg

'(886L) lD Ja preMqrrnqf pu€ (9161) uourrf

puP rnrluvrl^tr dq paqr.rrsap slrun qtr.\l paredruoraq osle plnor satrs asaql '1o1d qree l€ paqrrJsap ara,lrslros aJurs alqplrele seaJp aql ;o a8elue,rpe lsaqa)pl ot paleJol dlaarpalqns osle a]a,t{ sealp asaqlur saldr.ues '1saro; qe:ref uraqlnos aql ul ]ualulpalluorleraua8ar ur uorlerJpl Ile\us pue >lf,Eqarp

,o aJuaprJur ̂^ol arlt Jo asnp)ag palerol dla,rrlralqnsaraM slrun Suqdues 'sad.,{1 gos urplu aqt ulqllM'da,r:ns rraql ur paraloJ aq o1 .readde lou prp qlrqMstrun Ieuorlrpp€ euos snld'pasn se^^ (9161) uotJII)pue rnquVJI ;o s,{aarns Iros palretap aqt uo pasequorleJr;rle4s V alqrsea; 1ou sem eare a8rel p qJns urSuqdures rrlerua1s.,(s ,{q a8era.lor peoJq e urplqo oJ

'sureruor luauraBeueruasaql tq8rqSrq ot (laoaDuuD D.toqtqdo$qd) l1.rr"qarp

pue uorleraua8ar Jo spaJp uo alerlualuo) ol uar{lpup 'eaJe.{pn1s aql;o aBera,Lor peotq p urelqo ot{11s"4;'sa8els oml ur lno parr.rel se,tr Suqdrues aq1'.{aarns srql ur passassp aram salrs aldues gg7 .ra,rg

satls SuIIduES JO uollrelaS

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o1 daa-rns aq1 ur q8noua uago paralunoJua lou aJaMasaql;o uorgodord a8rel y 11 xrpuaddy aas; sanads

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alrs Jo sJolprrpur Intasn aq lq8lut qtrrq^\ 'Sur1durps

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,o >1)€l arll Jo asneJaq paJno^et sr srql uorldo lsaqaql s1 arnparord lalJns ar,ll to srseq aq1 se uorgela8a,r

Jo asn aql leql sapnlJuoJ Pue )Jo^ uorlPJrJrssEIJalrs ur pasn spor{laur snorJp^ sassnJSrp (pgl6l) Io^eH

uoF)alas salrads freu1u41a,r4

spor{latr\[

Methods

Field Measurementsand Observations

After selection of the sample points in the office theywere located by compass and chain in the field.Circular plots were established around the point.The plots were tied in to a relocatable point andmarked with a centre peg for easy relocation.

At each plot the following details were recorded:

Vegetation

The abundance of each indicator species present wasestimated using a five-point cover rating (Havel1975a) within a 20 m radius. Tree species abundancewas considered over a larger radius within the sitetyPe.

Structure

Structural measurements were taken to relate totypes, to aid in the description of site characteristics

and in the formation of management guidelines.

Numbers of each tree species were tallied

throughout the 20 m radius by sapling, pole and treesize classes and the basal area of each species wasmeasured using a wedge prism.

Cutting history was recorded by assessing stumpnumbers and size, estimating age, and later checkingoffice records. This was also used to Bive someindication of whether there had been adequate timef^ , ,^^1.-^---+

The codominant height, percentage canopy coverand scrub height were measured and an estimate ofpercentage scrub cover was made.

Regeneration

A detailed assessment of regeneration was requiredto identify problem sites and correlate reSenerationpotential with other site characteristics. With jarrahit is impotant to specify what class of regenerationis concerned because of the long development timesinvolved. Five classes of reSeneration were talliedover 60 m'by species.

The classes were:

seedling - generally less than 1-year-old with nolignotuber as yet and often with cotyledonsremaining.

lignotuberous seedling - an established seedling, stillretaining the original shoot and the lignotuberpresenr.

lignotuberous coppice - generally older regenerationwhich has recoppiced from the lignotuber afterdamage such as fire, or insect attack and may have afew shoots.

incipient lignotuber - a well established lignotuberwith multiple stems, but generally less than 1 m tallwith no specific leader and likely to remaindormant.

dlnamic lignotuber - generally greater than 1 m talland having developed a main leader, indicating thatit will grow on to the sapling stage.

Site Records and Descriptions

The aspect, topographical position, slope and litterdepth were recorded for each plot. Time since thelast burn was estimated and later checked againstoffice records. The average annual rainfall for thearea was also noted from meteorological maps. Thenumber of fauna habitable tree hollows was alsonoted to assist with fauna studies in relation to sitetyPe.

The occurrence and impact of dieback disease wasrated after an extended version of that described byBrandis (1983), viz:

(0) nil dieback(1) isolated Indicator Species Deaths (ISD's),low

probability of dieback association.(2) scattered ISD's.(3) groups or clusters of ISD's.(4) Multiple ISD's - a number of species involved,

high probability of dieback association.(5) gap development - paucity of susceptible

species in large gap with some ISD patternaround edge.

(6) overstorey expression - Iow, "L-2 deaths perhectare

(7) overstorey expression - moderate, <5 deathsper hectare.

10

II

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spoqtaw

Results

Data Analvsis

This section provides an outline of the techniquesused to analyse and interpret the data, and discussesthe interpretation of species and plot distribution interms of the environmental trends revealed by theanalysis.

The methods used to analyse vegetation associationshave been reviewed and described by Havel (1975a).Some of these techniques as well as more recentdevelopments, as described below, were used in thedata analysis for this study. Principal componentanalysis (PCA) provided the basis for the definitionof the site types but other techniques providedadditional assistance and information. Although, asHavel describes, there are some discrete associationsof species to be found, the changes in speciescomposition form a continuum and thus ordinationis the only alternative to provide an integratedpicture of the relationships and by which the factorsgoverning those changes can be interpreted. Theordination of species places them in a matrixshowing each species in relation to others. Thislinking is the basis for understanding whichenvironmental factors control the speciesdistribution.

Havel mentions the ordination technique hasdisadvantages, for example, the ordination does notprovide discrete site type categories. However, theordination matrix can be subjectively subdivided togive useful classes. The advantage is that this can bedone to provide classes which represent suitablemanagement units. The units can then be adjustedor redivided for new management interests orincreased management intensity if necessary.

The second difficulty is in extending the survey andilcluding new samples. However, recent correlation

1,2

techniques allow association of new samples to theexisting data where they best fit.

Preliminarv Analvsis

1. The first step in the data analysis used'Condescriptive' and'Frequencies' programs ofthe SPSS system which provide simple statisticssuch as means, minima and maxima. This helpedin checking for errors in the data and vsas alsoused to reduce the number of species byexcluding rare and very common species.

Such species tend to make processing andinterpretation more complicated because theycan give high correlations but are often poor siteindicators. Some species, like jarrah, can besignificant in their absence, so commonness isnot necessarily an indication of a poor indicatorspecies. Some familiarity with the speciesconcerned is therefore necessary in speciesselection-

2. The program RECAV, a form of ReciprocalAveraging as described by Hill (1958), was usedinitially to ordinate the data. However, it did notgive a very good separation of the species.Nearly all species were clustered at one end ofeach axis with only a few at the other extreme.This made it di{ficult to interpret therelationships and subdivide the framework intogroups. The poor results using RECAV mayhave been due in part to some loss of resolutionwhen species records were pooled for plots inwhat appeared to be similar sites. This wasnecessary to reduce the data base to a moremanageable size required for the program.

TI

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yo Surpuelsrapun ra11aq c ureS ot VJd aql aro;aq

srsdyeue ,{reururqa.rd .raqyry auos op ol papocp

sP^^ 1r AVfEU qll^{ sllnsal ar{} Jo csnPf,ag

't

'0

sllns^JU

Results

square root and fourth root transformations.

Because the matrix congested on the positive end of

the second component axis, the square root

transformation helped to disperse these points and

draw in the points on the negative end. The fourth

root transformation made the distribution too

segmented but did help to identify the -C2 group

which was separated out in some analyses to further

d isperse the ar ray on Lhe +C2 ar is .

The grouping of species confirmed some

associations observed in the field and revealed new

perceptions as well. Species preferring gravelly or

sandy soils, fertile or infertile soils, dry or moist sites

and so forth could be identified. Relative positions

of species and their site preferences could be seen

from the model and the closeness of their

associations was shown in the correlation matrix.

Strong negative correlations were also useful in the

interpretation of site preferences.

The plots of species on the components are shown in

Figures 2 and 3. The distribution of species on axis 1

and 2 (Fig. 2) of the framework shows the main

extensions on the +C1 and -C2. These correspond to

species of the gravelly sites and the low rainfall

eastern sites respectively. At the intersection of the

axes are the species preferring sandy sites and

outside these in -C1/+C2 quadrant are the species of

the more fertile loams.

The distribution of species on C3 and C4 (Fig.3) has

an elliptical shape with an apex on the +C4

representing species on sandy sites. On the C3 the

drier and wetter sites are at the +C3 and -C3

respectively. These interpretations are based on

knowledge gained in the field, of species occurences

crystalised by examining species correlations and

distribution on the axes, together with data from

Havel's analysis (Havel 1975a) where species were

sirnilar.

Relationships of species distribution with

environmental gradients were not easily interpreted,

particularly on the C3 and C4 axes, and there

appeared to be a mixture of factors influencing the

distribution on these axes which made

interpretation difficult. These first four components

accounted for only 25 per cent of the total variation

in the data.

A limitation of the species ordination was that a

species is represented only by a point in the matrix

so there is no indication of how widely it occurs in

the matrix or how reliably it occurs. To overcome

this limitation an ordination of the plots was used.

Distribution of Plots

To ordinate the plots the program FACVA (Havel

1975a) was used. This uses the same ordinationmatrix and derives plot co-ordinates from the

conbined species co.ordinates and their relative

abundance value on each plot. Thus the plots are

positioned in the component space based on their

similarities or dissimilarities with each other. Since

the object of the study was to define biologically

similar sites, ordination of the plots enables

definition of site types based on similar groups of

sites rather than species.

A plot model (Plate 2) was constructed using these

co-ordinates, for use as a visual aid in the

identification of groups of plots, or types.

Component 4 was used as the third dimension in the

model as component 3 tended to separate out one

group of plots with little differentiation in the rest. A

range of colours was used to segment the C3 scores

on the model as a fourth dimension. Using the

model it was possible to see the position of plots and

their grouping and relate this to {eatures of the

model observed in the field. This gave a better

appreciation of the environmental influences

determining the distribution of the plots.

However, the interpretation of the model was not

straight forward, and C3 and C4 still did not show a

clear separation of environmental factors which

could not be recognised. There is always the

prospect of the PCA analysis deriving abstract axes,

and this may be why environmental relationships

are difficult to establish. There are some aberrations

of the method (Austin and Noy-Meir 1971) which

can make interpretation of the data more difficult

with complex models.

Because the survey covered such a wide range of

sites and environmental conditions and used a large

number of indicators it would have been difficult to

derive a simple model. This creates some difficulties

in understanding the features of the continuum

along an axis but the grouping of plots is still

distinct. The features of the types can still be

identified.

9I

sdrLlsuor+Dler +old lo lepour louorsueurp lnol

sorqsuol+oler sercaos Jo lepow louolsuourlp .inol

z slDld

I a|DH

sllnsau

Results

Figure 2Distribution of indicotor species within the component spocederived by principol component onolysis - oxes C1 ond C2

Figure 3Distribution of indicotor species within ihe component spocederived by principol component onolysis - oxes C3 ond C4

LI

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buulumotq utJnvtlala atJa)v

'99'99'v9'e9'29'19

(€ puP z sSrJ rajar) lsr-I sarJads

Results

The distribution of plots in the comPonent space

confirmed the same observations made with the

species ordinations, but provided additional detail

because of the plot information available. This

information is presented in the summary of

component axes in the next section.

Interpretation of Ecological Trends

To be able to identify and describe the groups or

clusters of plots as types, it was necessary to better

understand both the environmental factors involved

and the site preferences of the indicator species. The

CORD program developed by Havel (1975a) was

used for this purpose.

This program divides the plot co-ordinate matrix

into a specified array size for each combination of

component axes. The species scores, or any other

parameter recorded on the plots, can then be

allocated to the array using their scaled component

scores and the average value calculated for each

position in the array. Figure 4 shows an example of

the type of output produced.

The CORD illustration of a species distribution helps

to refine the interpretation of a species' site

preference and the environmental relationships are

revealed.

Widely occurring species with little site preference

would show records over much of the CORD array

while a site specific indicator will be restricted to a

small segment of the array. A species may be

confined on one component axis but dispersed on

others. This would help determine the

environmental relationships influencing that

component from knowledge of the species'

occurrence in the field. This interpretation of

components is reinforced by comparing a number of

species with limited distribution at each end of each

component axes.

The average score of the species indicates how

abundant it is on a site and also the reliability of its

occurrence is evident by the uniformity of the scores.

Thus CORD shows how good (reliable and site

specific) a particular species is as an indicator. This

then deterrnines which species are used to identify

site conditions or types. Appendix II shows the

0 +C l

+C4

+4.4

-ct 0

0-c4Figure 4

3.0 4.O

2.O4,0 4.O 2.04.O 3.0

4.O 3,0 3.0

3.0 2.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

2.O 3,3 3.53.0 2.5 4.3 4.5 3.9 2.7 3.0 3.0

3.0 2.O 4.O 4.O

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0 . 1 2.O t . 6 0.3 2.O 1 . 0 1 . 5

0 .1 2.O o,7 1 .0 0.8'i ,0

,2.2

Exomple of CORD species outpui - showing distribution of obundonce scores for Agonis parviceps

6LrI

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'ouoJ urortsaxe ;uauodtuo:r luaJalJrp uo sanads yo uorlnqrJlsrp

qlnsau

Results

Definition of Types

The purpose of this survey was to identify

management units. For management purposes they

are generally related to the structural and physical

parameters measured, because they determine

which sites need to be managed differently for

silvicultural or dieback hygiene requirements for

example.

Using species to identify sites, it would have been

possible to delineate many sites which differed in

some characteristic. But then it would make using

the system too complicated and the delineations

would not have been relevant for management.

From the experience of previous classifications in

Western Australian forests, the features of the plot

ordination model itself, and the clustering and

correlation analysis carried out, it appeared that

about twenty types could be defined.

The features of the model (Plate 2) provided some

convenient segregation of the continuum butgenerally some breakup of the large clusters wasnecessary. Preliminary segmentation was

accomplished by eye from the model, and then

groups which were too large and heterogeneouswere examined in more detail, using CORD andpossible differences in management significancedetermined from species indications. This was

assisted by using the clustering results to identifythe loci of high correlation clusters. A DiscriminantAnalysis (SPSS system program) was also runwhich, based on species correlators, indicated that

89 per cent of samples had been allocated to theappropriate group. Those which were different werechecked in more detail to decide on the best

allocation.

Once the model had been segmented thecharacteristics of each group were listed. These

descriptions included features of topography,moisture and drainage, soil, stand structure, fertility

and others. They were used as the basis ofdiscussions on the significance for management andease of recognition and mapping. In comparing

some of these groups it was decided that somedivisions were too fine and the distinctions were

not relevant to management needs. These groups

were thus combined and a total of seventeen site

classes were described. These descriptions are

presented in Appendix III. There are some

similarities of some sites with those of Havel (1975a),

and those of Christensen (1980) are also related in

less detail, but the classification is essentially

different.

Site Factors

The principal outcome of this study was theunderstanding of environmental influences on theforest as discussed under Data Analysis. The

derivation of site types and the results in this aspect

are detailed in Appendix III as type descriptionspresented in a user oriented format. However, othermore specific results can also be extracted from the

survey data.

The sample point physical data of the survey wereanalysed using CORD, in the same way as the

vegetation, to explore trends within the plot array.These were also checked using the Spearman

correlation results (component axes compared withparameter values). Since the samples were not

statistically representative for any site type ormanagement influences (such as burning and

logging), the values recorded can only be consideredas indications. In general the results refer to trendsobserved and the high or low values are relevant

only to the range of samples taken.

Dieback

Where plots were specifically selected in diebackareas there were some severe impact ratingsrecorded and as would be expected, there was arelatively high incidence of dieback. In plots fromthe rest of the survey, however, both the incidenceand impact of dieback were very low (impact ratingsgenerally only 1 or 2, see Methods).

The most serious impact of dieback was recorded onplots which occurred in types P and S. Other lowerlevels of impact were recorded in plots whichoccurred in types K, T, V and G. (see Appendix III).

The main occurrence of dieback was in the +C1, +C2and +C4 areas of the ordination which are the lessfertile, higher rainfall and more poorly drained sites.

--F

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pue leq d s 006 - 008I) ) pue .I 'O '1 saddl ur ara.r,rsraqr.lnu lsaq8ql tr3+ aqt ur re.l,rol pup tJ, aqt urs;aqurnu raq8rq qtl.t,r (l 8lC) spuarl rourur paMoqsuorluraua8ar rrueudp ro1 papJotrar sJaqurnN

'1eq d s

000 0) B puP g 'y '11uauodruof, oopu€.^\ p qI,\,\)p1 saddl ur araM sanlp^ lsaMol aql alrq^{ ([eq d.s]eq rad snrals 00LI , 00€d N pue ,O ,1 sad.{1 uraraM sraqurnu lsaqSrq aq1 pa.uoqs saddl dq sa8ere,re

1o1d aql uroJJ sJaqurnu arrddor luardnur aq1

'uo4PrrP^ allll qu,M staqurnu Atol

lp paproJa.r dpo ara,lr ,,{aq1 luapr,ra tou a.ra.r,l a8elsarrddor snoroqnlou8q aq1 Jo sroqurnu ur spuarJ

') plrE c'g'N'X 'O ur ra^\ol pup n pue n sad.,{1 ur raq8rq dllq8qstnq /€J- aql ur sraqurnu roq8rq aqt tnorll,u,peards,{1ua,re ara,r,r s8urtpaas snoraqnlou8rl to srequrnN

'19 3rg'1 s1o1d 93- uosyos,{pues laM aqt uo tdarxa (g 3rg; sea;e 11elurerq8rq ag; ur paprora; ara,tr s8urlpaas ;o slaqurnr.r Mo.l

sllnsa>l

uorlEJauaSau

Results

drainage (Fig. 19). Steepest slopes of 5o-12o occurredin the more fertile -C1 / +C2 ouadrant while otherareas generally ranged from 0o-6o

No significant trends were interpreted from the burnage or season and litter depth records.

Rainfall values were lower in the -C1 and -C2. Thenumber of fauna hollows generally showed littlevariation and no trends were evident.

Recordings of drainage features, rock outcrops andinsect damage were not encountered often enoughto discern trends.

Soil Analysis

The fertile sites, -C1,/+C2 quadrant, tended to be lessacid, generally pH 5.5 to 6.8, and the +C4 morepoorly drained sites were more acid, generally lessthan pH 5.5 (Figs 20 and 21). The most acid soils ofpH 4 to 4.7 were types R, I, S and A. Heavily cutover plots of the same site type tended to be moreacidic. The more fertile types Q, K and T have lessacid (nearly neutral) soils.

Sites on the -C3 axes showed the strongest trend ingravel content, with little or no gravel (Fig.22). Ofthe +C3-axes sites, types Z, S and T generally hadgravel content in excess of 50 per cent.

The organic carbon analysis values were higher inthe fertile types, the -C1. / -C2 hald of the array(Fig. 23) and particularly the -C1l-C4 quadrant@ig. 2q, with values generally of 2.0 per cent ormore. Types I, S and X, which are probably the leastfertile, had the lowest organic carbon contents ofaround 1.2 per cent.

Levels of nitrogen were generally lower (less than0.1 per cent total) in the +C'l / +C2 sandy gravels(Fig. 25). Higher values occurred in the fertile welldrained loams of the -C1l-C4 quadrant (Fig. 26) andalso in the heavier soils of the more eastern plots onthe -C2.

Plots in the -C1l-C4 fertile soils and also plots in the-C'l / +Cg had the highest levels of phosphorus,generally above 40 ppm (Fig. 27). These same trendswere also evident for potassium (Fig. 28).

Results for cation exchange capacity, magnesiumand calcium were not available for all plots but thetrends were toward higher values in the -C1/-C4

quadrant and for the more eastern sites with heaviersoils.

A11 values for total soluble salts were very low,mostly below the 0.01 per cent level of resolution ofthe analysis so that no trends were evident.

22

EZ

0c puo t3eO puo Ltr soxo uo selod qorol]o +nd+no CdOS sexo uo sourldDs LlDnotJo +nd+no CUOf,

Ot arn6ll 6 oln6ll

tJ puo Ll saxo ?:) puo LJ soxDuo uol+oreueoer crurou^p urouJ 1o lndlno CdO3 uo uor+ojeueoer orLlDu^p qorrof 1o 1nd1no q163

I arn6ll I aln6ll

0J puo tSsaxo zSpuD Llsexouo uor+Dreueoer 6ul1pees qo!of 1o +nd+no cdoc uo uol+o]oueoer Oullpeos qorolto +nd+no cdoa)

g arnolJ 9 stnotJ

sllnsJu

Results

Figure | |CORD output of jonoh soplings on oxes

Cl ond C4

Figur€ 13CORD output of jorroh bosol oreo on oxes

Cl ond C4

Figure 15'. , CORD outpul of conopy cover on oxesCl ond C4

Figure 12CORD output of jorroh poles on oxes Cl ond C4

Flgure 14CORD output of moni bosol oreo on oxes

Cl ond C4

Figule 16CORD output of codominont height on oxes

Cl ond C4

9Z

e3 puo tcsoxo uo le^oj6 eop+uecred Jo +nd+no cdoc

ZZ arnoll

zc puD Lc sexo uo (Hd) A+!p!cp to +nd+no cuoSoz ornoll

ec puo t 3 sexo uo +q6leq qnrcs Jo +nd+no cdoS8t arnolJ

t3 puD tc sexD uo (Hd) Alplco Jo +nd+no cdoctz arnoll

tc-

,c+

t3 puo LJsexo uo (seer6op) edols jo +ndno cdoS

6t arnoll

Z3 PUO Lf,soxo uo re^oc Adou03lo +ndlno cdoc

I t aln6lJ

Results

Figure 23CORD output of orgonic corbon content on

oxes Cl ond C2

Figule 25CORD output of totol nitrogen on oxes

Cl ond C2

Figure 27CORD output of phosphorus content on oxes

C'l ond C4

Figure 24CORD output of orgonic corbon content on

o x e s C l o n d C 4

Figure 26CORD output of totol nitrogen on oxes

Cl ond C4

Figure 28CORD output of potossium content on oxes

Cl ond C4

LZ

aJnlsrour los pue alrs Jo sdrqsuorlela.r ogl se 'saddl

Jaqto u€rll lualuof, arnlslour raq8rq qlr,rt alqerno^eJ

llleuoseas auroraq sad,{1 asaql ul suollrpuoJ

'(8161) ralsnqrs dq puno; ara,\\ sllnsar

relurrg {ro8aler pedun q8rq aql ot ssa.rSord plnor

suorlJaJur lpql palradxa sr lt pue sn8un; )Jeqalp aql

JnoApJ ol pual sad{ asarll uI suorlrpuor alrs q8noql'pedlur al€Japolu r{lrM pa^Jasqo ara,ll g pue 11 sadll

.S PUq

y '4 sadll o1 luale,unba araal qrrq,rt salrs uo spedurr

ur uorl€rJel relrurs puno; lsaro; qerrel ulaqlnos

aql ur salls lreqalp Jo da,uns e uI (8161) ralsnqtrS

'1redr,ur q8rq :o alerapour

qrear dluo ,{eur suotlrpuor aurarlxa ssal qll,u salrs

d rarllo ^tua^as aseasrp qtr^^ palelJosse aq ot (116l)

urddng pue a1sa14 dq puno1 suolllpuoJ ol lelrurls'raduy Surpadur uP ralo slros ,r.tol1eqs alge;ur dra,T.

r{+ ^ asoql :a8uer 4 addl aql Jo pua auo le salls uo

d1uo rnrro plnom sIqI alrs preda,rer8 lsaroJ qerel

uraq ou IeJrssplJ aq1 ;o lredurr q8rq ,'{ra,t e a,req

uer 4 ad,,! 1eq1 dl.reap paMoqs suorle^fosqo aql

'(6161 oSeupq]l^ pur? lsaM 16161 Ia^eH :6161 €aqs)

arueqrnlsrp Jo spa;Je alqrssod aql uo sluaura8pnl

puE (916l eaqg; ,{1rcrua8oq1ed uo suorlrpuor

alrs Jo paJJa arll Jo suorl)npap 'aPPlu ala,\l.

rlf,rq,\r suoqe^rasqo asarll uo paspq ar€ suotldrrtsap

addl aq u1 lredwr >peqarp ,{1a1q o1 saruarala.r aq1

aro;a.raql saddl auos ro; slcedur aur;ap dlalnlosqe

ol spJoral luarJrjlnsul aJa,^{ aJar.{l salrs aldrues

aql uo lJPqorp Jo aJuallnJJo .4 ol srul ,o asneJag

'deFa,,ro arnlsrouTa;nleradural aq1 SuDnpar

-raqunJ snql Ie,\ €Jpqllm aJnlslour pue arnleradrual

Iros sa)npeJ oslp JaAo) uotlela8a,r 1o dlrsuap

.ralear8 aq1 (9161 eaqs) sn8ury aqt ;o pea'rds

pup Ielrlrns uI pre qf,rq,lt satrads alqrldarsns 1oaruapDur ra.^{ol Surpuodsarror e pup (9161 llr) pue

lnzr{e1eyJ 'eaqg lll6l quroJr] I pue lnzrlepl.q :9761

Ear{S) sn8unJ oqt uo ttraJJa Suqrqrqur ue seq qf,Iq,^

6L6L Ia la sarls) tsa.roJ urer{lnos aql u1 uor1e1a8e.t

snoururn8al Jo aJuapIJuI ;alear8 e sI aJaqI

. (9161 uasualsuqJ) sn8unj )Jeqalpaq1 1o .{1r,r.r1re .ro1 l.ressalau de1.ra,ro a.rnlstoru

1os pue a.rnleradual Iros alqellns Jo sporrad ,rapoqs

ur llnsal leary dpnlg;o uotldrnsaq aas) seare

uJaqlnos puP u.rer{lJou uaaMlaq saf,ualaJJlp Jrll?r.ullJ

'Surpeor se qrns

sarlrlrlJ€ ot palplal salrs ut pal:adxa ueql ralear3

sp^,r aseasrp Jo a)uapDur aqt teqr punoJ (q9l6l)

Ia^pH pu€ (g16l) rurl€g asPasrp Jo aruapDul raMol

aqt roJ uosear aq1 ;o ped aq deru lsed aql ul slsaroJ

uraqlnos aql ur Surpeor pue Sululru '3ur?3o1 se qrns

suorle,rado luatua3eueur ut ,{1,rrpe Jo slalal raMo-I

'(916I uollIIJ pue rnqtrv)IN) lsaroJ uraqlnos aql

ur aJuaJJn)Jo palJrrlsal p al€q asaql pue spos dpues

pue alrJalel uo dllsoru a.ram pedrur q31q lrqrqxaplp qrlrlm asoql lredrur ,{arolsra,ro Suutoqs salrs

1o uorpodord ^,\ol € sP^\ araqt punoJ (8161) ratsnqrs

't{Uou aql rllrru PaJedluo)qlnos aqt ur lredurr qBrq fta,r ro qSrq ;o saldtuera

3ur4r1s yo pq eql dq lualxa arxos ol PaJuanl1uraq deru uorssardrur srql lsaJot uJaq$ou arll

w uPql lsaJoJ uJarllnos arll ur TJPqalp to aJuaprJul

ra^ ol e sr araql leql palaprsuoJ ,,{1eraua8 sr 11

'(6161 Ia^eH) sa)uangut leuorlela8a^ puP saJuanltur

f,rleur'llJ 'salls ayqrldarsns ;o aruarrnrco aqt ,{q

palrurrT sr qlnos aql ur aspasrp peqarp 1o uorssa.rdxg

{r€qaIo'sllnsal pJoJaJ alrs aq1;o slredse rr;nads atuos

;o padsar ur saddl aq1 Jo laallralo ue rot

alrq,\l.quo,ll. sr saddl alts Jo uolssntrsrp EIAIO

esffissffiE?ffissf,g

Discussion

which favour activity of the fungus are improved(Shea 1975). In type S these conditions are morelocalised and patchy, being related to minortopography, drainage and geological features, whichSchuster (1978) also concluded to be significant. Thepathogen may then spread from these loci ofinfection to the less favourable surrounds assistedby its modification of site conditions or disturbance.

Christensen (1975) in a study of southern foresttypes found that these lateritic soils, typical of typeS, have an extended period of susceptibility whichinclude short periods during the winter. Due tolower percentage vegetation cover, logging andindeed the impact of the pathogen itself, soiltemperatures increase more rapidly while soilmoisture remains above field capacity (Shea 1975).

Another important component of the pathogenicityand impact on these sites of types R and S is theirinfertility. Incidence of dieback has been notedoccurring at lower than expected levels on morefertile soils by Batini (1973) and Havel (1975b) in thenorthern jarrah forest. Higher levels of nutrients andof the cation.exchange capacity (C.E.C.) of the soilhelp the host to resist attack, and incidence of thepathogen is reduced (Heather 1979). Types R and Swere relatively low in nutrition and C.E.C. Similarresults were found by McArthur and Clifton (1975)

for these soils. Bellamy et nl. (-197-l), and Boughtonetsl. (7978), related calcium in particular to thehindrance of the pathogens activity.

The region of the plot ordination where mostdieback occurred was the +Cl,/+C2/+C4 which arethe less fertile, high rainfall, poorly drained siteswhere types P, R and S occur. Other types whichhad only low or nil dieback impact and also occur inthis segment of the ordination matrix are types N, Iand B. These have been suggested in the typedescriptions as likely to show rnoderate impact.

Types V and F are marginal to this region of theordination and may also develop moderate diebackimpact in some instances because of the susceptiblesite conditions. Types of the lower rainfall segments,-C2 which may aiso develop moderate impact aretypes Y and A since they are moisture gaining siteslow in the topography, also correlated by Schuster(1978) with dieback impact.

In any dieback risk situation the influence ofdisturbance must also be considered. Batini (1973)

and Havel (1975b) noted an increased incidence ofdieback associated with disturbance, but asdiscussed by Schuster (1978) the influence of loggingand other treatments (Shea 1979) can make a sitemore susceptible to the pathogen (Christensen 1975)and hence alter the impact class. Major disturbancessuch as mining and roading which affect hydrologyhave a more marked effect.

Dieback incidence and levels of impact may increasein southern forests as management becomes moreintensive (particularly in the low to moderate impactcategories since they occur on the larger portion ofthe forest). Schuster (1978) also noted the occurrenceof dieback on karri soil types which can act asinoculurn sources for spread of the disease into moresusceptible jarrah types. The same situation appliesfor types A, B and F, which have a low componentof jarrah, where impact may only be exhibited aslow. These Iatent infection reservoirs have importantrelevance for hygiene management in the southernforest.

A more thorough investigation of dieback in relationto site types similar to that done by Schuster (1978)

is necessary to clarify these relationships. Thisshould include reference to understorey specieswhich may affect a sites susceptibility or resistanceto disease (Shea and Malajczuk 1977) and can beconsidered in management of the site (Shea 1979;Shea et al . 1979) .

Regeneration

To discuss the regeneration of jarrah, the variousstages of development must be considered (see

Methods), since they have different potentials forgrowth (Abbott and Loneragan 1984) andsignificance for management (Bradshaw 1986).Although in some situations seedfall may be animportant source of regeneration the bulk ofreplacement growing stock for recruitment into theoverstorey comes from the lignotuberous pool(Schuster 1980).

Seedling numbers were very variable both on thesurvey plots and within types. The lower numbersof subsequent regeneration stages indicates a high

6Z

a;e daql asnuraq Alqrssod 'salrs ra,ro 1nr ,{1,reaq

arll uo Ja^/!ol cra,r'r sc8els IIe JoJ slunoJ aq1 c3e1s

Suqdus e olur Flptnb erour ssa.rSord o1 pa:eaddu

pue qe;re[ o1 3ur.{1dde luautdole,rap 1o sa8els

arll Jo aJuapIAJ ssal pa^\oq!^ uolluJauaiJJ Ill€tr 1

lurlo)J€ olul sropPJ qlns

o{el lsnur sluaurssassP uoqeraua8ay ,{a,uns srlll

ur passaJppp ,{lalenbape 1ou sur, Bruurnq;o lredurr

aql lnq luourdola^cp puP luor-ut{slTqPlso a)uequa

o1 ;eadde plrpls arll dn Sr.rruado pue af,uPqrnlsr6'lucrua8uuetu puels ur sdlrlsuorlP]el asJql

1o aruerr;ruBrs aql alenardde o1 'sa8els uollureua3ar

luaraJJrp asaql ]o alPJ er{l aurluJalap -'{141e.Inr:e

aroru o+ solpnls uual 3uo1 arrnbar sad-'(1 alls

snorrel uo luaudolc,rap tJaJJP rlf,Irlm uorlrleduror

pu€ aJnlluls punls uoamlaq sdlqsuorlelar aq1

1g pue 51 1 scd.{1) qnDS osuaP PPq osiP qJq,^'\

salrs afa,\,! csoqJ (8€6t stuloH puP alPols) slunoJ

romol alpq o1 palrodra aq plnou spuel:^ urBJrA

aq1 saBels Suqdes ar.p olut Surssa;3ord r.rorlrodord

e os1e.{1qeqo.rd sr rroqt }nq (por{sllqndun 'ulalars)

sraqwnu a)npal r.IrlJ'3ur33cl1 Sut.rnp slnJJo sP qJns'aJupqnlsrp

lpJruerqrall spr,rels ur8.II^ ur pue sPu€ls

lnr ,{1,reaq ur raMol a.ra^4. sraqurnu rcqnlou8rl'alrluoJal ol UnrIJJrp dra,l ere so8els asaql

ur spuarl salls asJql Sutle;eua8ar uI sarllnf,I;Jlp

eql ute3u 113rp18rq sad,{1 qnls d,rearl ur sraqnlouSrl

rrueu.{p plrE luatdnur ;o slaqullu reMo-1

' uorlrlcc{wo: Sulrn Pcr-,(q raqi.rn; do1o,'lap o1 .raqnlou3q eqt rtole .{vu'ra JMoq '8uru.rnq pltyq surnq uollPraua;cl Jalloq

alrlrns lou ,{mr pue aJe;lns alil o1 asoll ro sla,{e1

JJnp aqt ur s.raqnlouSq lerus ,{1uo o,rur1 dlensn'aruelsul ro1 'sa8els oMt Jallel asaql palerra;dde

,,{1n1 aq ,{eru luaura8eueur puels ur aruerrltu8rs

Jraql lpql os sa3els uorlvreua8cr lueraJJIp Jo aleJ aql

cururJalap ol pepaau alP salpnls uua+ iuol .raqunc

'slstsrad a8els srql ]I uollrpuoJ

pessar1s p lragc; ,{uur pue )r:aM pcrcadde ucl1o

lnq Sururnq se qrns sdrtlsp;eq a IAr]ls o1 ,'fiqrqv

str palpJlsuoulap surl a8els srql uotle;eua8a; 1oaBels uoruuror lspal aql spM arrddor snoraqnlouSrl

'la,\{ol lllq,^^aulos aJoru slaqulnu

craq,u sad,{1 qnrJs JJSIIap aq1 r4 8ur,trr.rr.rs [11nrr;1p

spr{ Ilrts lnq uorle;cua8ar Jo cJlnos alqPlTal alouJ

u sr c8els:^nll JcqntouS{ cql 1o luaudtla,rap tp1,r'1

'luauIqsITqPlsa aluJnljur

,{eru r.rorlrlcdluor qmrs.ro La:ols.relo uI uolltrnPal

.ro aJueqJnlslp alls snqJ spuels le^o 1nr ,{1,ruaq

ur peproJal arau slllno) raqlirq ipq8rls 'aldruera

JoC saJuaJaJJIp luatuaBeuer'u o1 pelelar ,{lqrssod

sr srr{I alqprrll^ osle oJaM salts eldr.ues .reyurrs

uo paprorar sBuqpeas snoreqnlou8tl Jo sJeqr-ul-t aqI

'(9861 Mer-lsper8) tsaro; qe.r.ru[ uraql.rou

ar{t rol (f86t) ue3ureuol puP lloqqv Lq paqurscp

asoql uror1 rajllp ol uraas lseJo1 qe.r.rel r'rraqlnos

arll ur sa)uelsurnrr) aql elurs sluctuarrnbat

asna;d aql qsrlqelsa ol ,{e,r'uapun sI qtrrPosal

lerllrng Eullsllqelsc :^paas Jo raqurnu ar{l osParJul

1p,lt uoqrledruor Jo uollJnpJr puP aJltPqJnlslp

lerp 3uqer1pu1 says JJAo 1nr ,{1t,T ecr1 oql ur sraqurnu

raqBrr,l o1 pua:1 1q311s p se,l,r aJaqJ ql,r'ror8 lrureu{p

oloword suoqrpuoJ leq,l'l -,(ytlucpr o1 -,{a,r;ns

slrll uI ulPp lualf,IJjnsur sP^\ JJJqJ SpaqqsP Uo sPaJe

relo lnl uI pea.rasqo ,{1uotuuoJ sr !^nlJ uollrlJeua8al

sno.ro8r,r ernpo-rd p,r,r s8urlpoes suollPnlrs aluos uI

'suP.uI IEIJIJIUe lO IPInluu

-,{q'qnns esuap qtr,\\ salrs }lnJI}JrP Surlerauc3a;1o

adoq euros alerrpur lpaqsrtqndun 'urolerls) alqPIrP^B

Elpp curos paurJJp aq ]snur lueruqsllqelse Surlpacs

Surluequa Jo srJparu p puu pueis oql jo aJnln1 aql

ro; tueuodurr ,{ra,r. scruoraq uorle.raua3ar Suqpeas

uaql 'X pu€ U 'J 'B 'V sad,{1 se tpns solls auos uo

punoJ sp,l,r se 'alenbepuur sr uorlerauaSo; 1u1o1 uaq,14

'lr.Iar.uqsIIqPlsa nullpoas llqlqul

plno^\ qlrqrt\ qnrJs csuap a^Erl salrs asoql eJurs'a3e1s sBuqpees snoraqnlou8tl aqt'luaurdole,rap

yo a8els lxou arll olur paulPluruur lou a.ra,!\

slos ,{pues lJ^\ alil uo sJaqurnu raq8rq oql 'aldlu€xa

-rog yood uorle;cua8a; alqPlor u lou sI raqnlouxrl

aql yo luarudolc,rcp arlt lnoqliM uolle.rauo3a: ;o ssep

srql puu'q3rq are Sururnq ptre uoqrladuror 1r13norpq3norqt aldwexa ro1 's8uqpaas

Jo sassol aql

'pouad ;a8uo1 e roJ suorllPuo-)

lsroru pue paqpaas pur8 u cpr,rord spues aql

esneraq sdeqrad'sa1rs ,{puus IJ.la uo s€,l't. uolldalxa

arlJ salrs osarll uo qn.IJS rasuip uror1 uorlrleduror

orp o1 -,(1aTt lsolu anp 'spa-rP lleJurllr qiiltl Jql ul

sraqurnu rartol dleraua8 aJJM araqJ sdrqsr.rorlelat

Jlrs uprll Jaqler luaulssJssp Je uoseJS Jtll lraga;,{er'upue u.te11ed upql oJuprlf, ol aroul anp sr {111qerre,r

aq1 sduqra.I i1g61; uuSerauo-l puu lloqqv puu

(gt6l) surlaH puE alpots .{q osle pclou ',{llTPlrolu

rrorsqrDsrC

Discussion

more susceptible to burning, but also the fasterprogression from the seedling stage to sapling.

Site Characteristics

The results indicated that type P, (and to a lesserextent I) which represent poorly drained podzols,was generally well stocked with high basal areas.This indicates that their potential productivity isgood but considering the site conditions the growthrates are probably slower than better quality sitetypes with similar values.

These better sites, type Q, U, and K, were also moreheavily cut over. Thus the basal areas for these typesas well as types V, T, N and X which had highermarri and karri components, would be somewhatunderstated when just comparing jarrah basal areaon type P.

Unfortunately, there were very few permanentinventory plots which could provide growth data toobtain representative figures for tyPes.Consequently comments regarding growth Potentialhave been inferred from other factors such as soilnutrients, texture and drainage.

Although type P is also dieback susceptible it doesrepresent a significant portion of the forest and istherefore an important resource which must receiveconsideration in research of silvicultural techniquesto improve growth potential in timber Productionareas.

The best development of jarrah was on the gravellysoils but perhaps only because of its replacement bykarri and marri on more fertile loamier soils.Blackbutt showed its dual character, replacing jarrah

at both ends of the site quality range.

Soil

The bimodal distribution of blackbutt appears tohave some explanation in the analysis of soilnutrients. The organic carbon content seems to holdthe key.

Carbon content is lowest in the infertile types I andX and highest in the fertile types Q, U, T and K.However, there are also high values in type B sites,the poor blackbutt flats. The high organic carboncontent of these soils helps in nutrient retention onthese sites. The better quality sites have inherentlyfertile soils and high levels of all nutrients examinedwhereas the poorly drained infertile sands of type Bdid have relatively high levels of nitrogen. Thispossibly arises from the fixirlg capacity of thelegurne Pultenaea retit'ulata whlch is abundant ontype B.

The carbon content may be high on type B becauseof lower frequency of burning and fasterdecomposition and leaching rates in the moistconditions.

Clay can also act as colloidal material in aidingnutrient retention and the clayey soils in Type A alsoshow high nitrogen contents. On some of these sitesblackbutt rnay also occur.

It appears therefore that nitrogen levels may be theimportant discriminator of blackbutt distributionand other soil nutrient and drainage featuresdetermine the quality of the stand.

Nutrient levels generally were relatively high in themore eastern types, Other factors such as rainfallmust therefore be limiting productivity on thesesites. Eastern types in the northern jarrah also aregenerally considered to be o{ lower productivity(Abbott and Loneragan 1983).

Variable carbon values were probably related toboth burning and cutting history. Sites which wereheavily cut over had carbon values up to twice thatof similar uncut sites. Cutting provides a boost ofnutrient rich litter unlike normal senescent litter.

Thus the relationships between litter fall,accumulation, cutting and burning are importantconsiderations for managing nutrient conservation(Hingston et a|.7979).

IT

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Acknowledgements

HE study was part of the research Programof the Department of Consewation and LandManagement (formerly Forests Department)

I wish to thank joe Havel for initiation, direction andinterest in this project.

Special thanks are due to Tony Annels for his expertcontribution to the understanding of vegetation andtheir site and ecological interactions, and also for hisassistance in field work and prelirninary analysisand definition of tvpes.

Owen Ritson was responsible for the initiation of thefirst stage of the project and the results of that workare included here.

Thanks also to other staff of the Maniimup ResearchStation for their contributions.

The invaluable assistance of Dave Ward in analysisof the data and the assistance of Dr J. Mccrath forsoil analysis is gratefully acknowledged.

Thanks to Michelle Pree and Linda Simmonds forpreparing the graphs and typing the manuscriPt.

52.

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References

DIELS, L. (1906). The Plant World of Extra TropicalWestern Australia with a General Outline of thePlant World of Australia. Bound Translation by W.J.Dakin (1920) of Die Pflanzenwelt von West-Australiensudlich des Wendekreises Mit einer Einleitung uber diePflanzenwelt GesamtAustraliens in Grundzugen.Department of Conservation and Land ManagementLibrary, Woodvale, W.A. 105-i56

GOODALL, D.W. (1973). Sample Similarity andSpecies Correlation. In'. Hantlhook of VegetationSciente Part V: Ordination and Classification ofCommunities. Ed. R.H. Wittaker: 105-156

HAVEL, J.J. (1975a). Site Vegetation Mapping in theNorthern Jarrah Forest (Darling Range) 1. Definitionof Site Vegetation Types. Forests Department ofW.A. Bulletin 86.

HAVEL, J.J. (1975b). Site Vegetation Mapping in theNorthern Jarrah Forest (Darling Range) 2. Locationand Mapping of Site Vegetation Types. ForestsDepartment of W.A. Bulletin 87.

HAVEL, J.l. (1979). Identification of VulnerableCommunities and Prediction of Disease Spread. In:Phytophthora and Forest Managefient in Australia. Ed.K.M. Old, Report of a Conference held at C.S.LR.O.Division of Forest Research, Canberra, 7978:64-72.

HEATHER, W.A., BELLANY, G. and PRATT, B.H.(1971). The Effect of Mineral Nutrition of Soil on theInfection of Roots of Lupinus angustifolius byP h;,tophthora cinnamomi. Working Papers, AustralianPlant Pathology Conference, Hobart, 1971.

HILL, M.O. (1973). Reciprocal Averaging: EigenVector Methods of Ordination. "/oarnal of Ecobgy 67237,249.

HINGSTON, F.J., TURTON, A.G. and DIMMOCK,G.M. (1979). Nutrient Distribution in Karri(Eucalyptus diversirclor F. Muell.) Ecosystems inSouthwest Western Australia. Forest Etology andManagement 2: 133-158.

IUTSON, I.T. (7934). The Physiology of WesternAustralia. Geological Survey Bulletin 95. Govt.Printer, Perth, W.A.

KREBS, C.l. (-1972). Ecology: The ExperimentalAnalysis of Distribution and Abundance. Harperand Row, New York.

McARTHUR, W.M. and CLIFION, A.L. (7975).Forestry and Agriculture in Relation to Soils in thePemberton Area of Western Australia. Soils andLand Use Series 54. Division of Soils, C.S.I.R.O.Australia.

McCUTCHEON, G.S. (1978). Broadscale Forest SiteSurvey Techniques used in the DonnybrookSunklands. Forests Department of W.A. ResearchPaper 48.

McCUTCHEON, G.S. (1980). Field Classification ofVegetation Types as an Aid to Soil Survey. ForestsDepartment of W.A. Research Paper 57.

NORTHCOTE, K.H. (7974). A Fauual Key for theRecognition of Australian Sol/s, 4th Edn. Rellim,Adelaide, S.A.

SCHUSTER, C]. 0978). A Preliminary Investigationof the Relationship Between P&Jtop hthora tinnamomiand Soil Types in the Southern Forests of WesternAustralia. Forests Department of W.A. ResearchPaper 40.

SCHUSTER, C.l. (1980). Regeneration in a Jarrah(Eu<allptus marginato Sm.) and Marrr (Eu<alyptus

calophylla R. Br.) Forest Following Logging andBurning. Forests Department of W.A. ResearchPaper 64.

SHEA, S.R. (1975). Environmental Factors of theNorthern Jarrah Forest in Relation to Pathogenicityand Survival of Phytophthora cinnamomi. ForestsDepartment of W.A. Bulletin 85.

SHEA, S.R. (1979). Forest Management andPhytophthoracinnamomi in Australia. I Phytophthorqqnd Forest Management in Austalia. Ed. K.M. Old,Report of a Conference held at C.S.I.R.O. Division ofForest Research, Canberra 1978.

SHEA, S.R. and MALAJCZUK N. (1977). Potentialfor Control of Eucalypt Dieback in WesternAustralia. Australian Nurseryman's Association LtdAnnual Conference Seminar Papers.

9S

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Appendix I

Survey Species List

List of indicator species used in the survey and

described in this publication. At each sample point

an atea of twenty metres radius was searched for

An i go z antho s fI ats id u sAstartea fascicularisAstroloma ciliatumAstroloma epacridisAstroloma pallidumBaeckea camphorosmaeBanksia attenuataBanksia grandisBanksia ilicifoliaBanksia littoralisBanksia quercifoliaBanksia sphaerocarpaBeaufortia decussataBeaufortia sparsaB ill ar dier a fI or ib u n d aBoronia crenulataBoronia denticulataBoronia graciliPesBoronia spathulataBossiaea eriocarpaBossiaea laidlawianaBossinea linophyllaBossiaea ornataBossiaea webbiiBruchysema latifoliumBrachysema praemorsumBurtonia scabraCallistemon speciosus

each species and its relative abundance recorded'

An asterisk denotes those used in the analysis as

described in the text.

Calothamnus lateralisChor il aena qu e r c i f o I iaChorizema ilicifoliumClematis pubescensConospermum caeruleumConospermum flexuosumCrowea angustifoliaCyathochaeta aaenaceaDampieru alataD asy po gon b r om e I ii f o I i usDasypogon hookeriDarwinia citriodoraDarwinia oederoidesDarwinia aestitaDaaiesin alt ernifoliaDaaiesia cordataDinnella reuolutaDodonaen ceratocarPaDodonaea ttiscosa(Syn D. attenuata)Drosera giganteaDryandra armataDryandrabipinnatifidaDryandra carduaceaDryandra formosaDryandra nioeaDryandra sessilisEriostemon spicatus

Acacia alataAcacin brownianaAcacia dioergensAcacia drummondiiAcacia extensaAcacia myrtifoliaAcacia neroosaAcacia pentadeniaAcacia pulchellaAcacia salignaAcacia stenopteraAcacia urophyllaAdenanthos barbigetusAdenanthos cuneatusAdenanthos meisneriAdenanthos oboaatusAgonis flexuosaAgonis hypericifoliaAgonis linearifoliaAgonis parz.ticepsAII o c asu ar in s d e c u s s at a(Syn Casuarina)AIlo c asu ar i n a ft as e rian a(Syn Casuarina)Allocasuarina humilis(Syn Casuarina)Anarthria proliferaAnarthria scabra

i i36

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atryrlnd uyaqqtH

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allliqdoryrar aDI Hstlnnrya[lu, ua4tH

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sllu4uaptJ3o oantaa1)uumolqaa toa.rJ

sulsnJnalq uanraal)wn4dntu/i1od

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t o1 otr sta arp sn 7d fi1at n7suatdnap snld/i1acn7

qnutot snldliptnlq1rt4do1n sn4d/i1acn7

y xrpuaddy

Appendix II

Diagrammatic Representation of Indicator Species

Examples of species which showed a good

correlation with component axes. (Listed alphabet-

ically by axes C1 & C2, C1 & C3 and C1 & C4)

These figures provide some selected examples toillustrate the types of disiribution of species

+Cl

Acacia alata

+C2

Bossiaea linophylla

occurrences in the analysis matrix (see text). Theywere used to decide which species were goodindicators (tighi or confined clusters) and determine

the factors inlluenchg species distribution along thecomponent axes.

Acacia urophylla

+Cl

Clematis pubescens

38

wnpnqot awwfrptodfr11

u1olwanto4c nao11

suaqtd snfifi1acnX

mr1dt11a aaao11

tc-

z2-

wnpao wruqolorydwog

natu upuufuq

Appendix II

Leucopo gon rerticilbtus

Acacia brcwniana

AlIo ca suar ina decus s at a

Pte diumesculentum

1 2 3 4 5+Cl

Acacia pulchella

Anigozanthos flauidus

s4u4snu ar8utS

sualad sn1t1.fr7nn7

wruplttt1L awaz,Lo41

stlnutnaldwa aat1a11

sruTolulawo tq uo8 od rtsaq

sadrytat? auotog

ll rr puaddy

Appendix lI

2

1

'cl - -z -- 14 +cl

-1

Pteridium esculentumP e t r o phil e dio er si f olia

Pultenea reticulata Adenanthos oboaatus

Agonis paroiceps Anigozanthos flaoidus

wnlsnqot aawfr1atodfi1q

a1olxnt uatp11

suaJsaqnd s!|uwa\J

oxtldxlla baaolf

tJ-

sru1oln1aw o t q uo3 o d fist q

auotmolpltl oaaxssog

tc-

+C4

Leucopogon propinquus

Patersonin umbrcsaLe ucopo gon o er ticillatu s

Xnnthonhou preiisii

9V

;o uralsds e; sad$ 114y1 uoqelardralul erqderSoloq4pr.ray s,luarugedaq spaJod JaurJoJ arll ol aJuaJaJaU'daa,rns qgl ur paralunoJua sanlel Jo a3ue; aqlol alrlqar srural r:l ar€ salnqu]le alrs yo suorldursaq

qn ddy'sacua.raya.rdalrs sapads rolef,rprn aasy sad,! alls ul suollerJeldyuuapr o1 dpq p,ra a4s e lnoqe .rayur daql lsql{ puesa:ruara;ard a1ls sapads rolpJlprq qg.ra dluelmreg'paddeur aq ol lls s1 uo13ar ar Jo Jopas ruaq$ouaqr lnq /(896I) 'p ta plruqrrnqS dq Surddeur,{:eururqald E ruo4: ale ol parraJal saddl uuoypuel

'sod^+ e+!s eql Oulql ]o repro eq+ u! poiv\olloluollcei!p eql 6u!/r\oqs - sexD rolour Jo,t secuenuulloluouJuoj!^ue lo uo!+o+ueseider c!+ouJurDr60rc

'palenba aq 1ou plnoqs suralsds o.ra.1aql 'ra^a1vloH 'pasn uaaq spq aueu sselJ arups aqladdl u.raqyou e qg,ra dlrrepuns auos sT aJarll aJag6'lsaJoJ r{e e! uJaquou aql uJ pasn uoleJrlrssepaqt tuoJt l)rnlslp are saueu ssel) lerqaqeqdle aq1

'uorldgrsap;o suearualqeldarre a.re 'suorsJal raFp Jo rapa^ sp r{Jns'suorsJal ro saddl ;o suoFeurqruoJ pue urnnupuoJe Suop slurod luasardar dpo saddl atrs asaql (916l

Ia eH) uorlef,IJlssep qerrel ruar{uou aql qll^{ sV

'(€III 8TC)lsq patsTl sad,{1 dlralsua aroru I[€Jur€r ra,lrol ar{l

r{lvr salrs alruaJrr1 pue paurerp dpood aql o1 q8no.rqtsel6 tsaq aql uro'r; sassalSold 3ur1q1 aq1 'de.u srul ururalsds puorsuarurp4lnur e Suquasardar ur dlprr;;1parll Jo asn€Jag a9eurerp pup alnlsroru ,tr u"J r.qpuarl lerauaS e spagar sad{ aq1 Suqsrl Jo Japro aql

'uo11ena.rdde alrsur dyaq o1 papr,rord sr sanads .roleorpur Jo aJuaJJnJJoaql r{lyvl Su4slarroJ suo-rllpuor atls agl Jo arqllno uy

'add1 alrs pue addl 1ros lueurwop €f,uepunqesapads Surmoqs papraold sl xlqeur d,ruurums y

'papnlJur ar€addl alrs q:rea ro; saydurexa lerrddl ;o sqderSoioq4

'uarrr3 a.re luaurag€uEru JoJ EuauruoJ pu€ pauqlnoa.re sapads Jolef,Ipur pup sFos 'uuoJpu€l T€JrIIl?r uopas€q s€ar€ lsaroJ qer:ef uraqlnos aql u1 punoy sad,(1alls luaJaJIrp uaalua^as JoJ BrraIJJ UoIIEJIJ-rss€lJ ar{I

:1euuo; 3uy*o11o; aqt u1sad$ alrs ;o uo4dlrJsap ar{t sluasard xrpuaddy srql

'BIEO da^rns aql Jo sas/(IEUV urory pauFrrala(lsSuldno.rg to uoIlErIIIluapI rot pasn suolldrrrsaq adfl alIS

o a|n6!J

u)-

tc+

m qpuaddy

tt'

Appendix III

forest structure classification) are included to

enhance the impression of each type (Table IIIa).

loble llloA,P.l. Types

SPECIES HEIGHT CLASSES

J Jorroh A+ 30 m +M Morri A 25-29 mK Korr i B+ 2O-24mW Wondoo B 15 - l9 mBbt Blockbutt C <15 m

Southern farrah SiteClassification

ryPE S

1. General Description - Good to medium quality(API type fMB+), predominantly jarrah forest oflower fertility on gravelly podzols often with muchsurface laterite rock. These sites are variable in theunderstorey, stand structure and drainage (PlateIII(i), p.52).

2. Occurrence - These sites are generally found inmoderately dissected landscape on the uplands andslopes of higher rainfall areas. This type iswidespread where lateritic rernnants remain. Type Smay occur on landform types BEy, CRy, Ky, Ly,MTy, MTbr, COy and TRc.

3. Soils - The soils are mostly brownish-yellowloamy sands with about 50 per cent lateritic graveland some stone in the profile, changing to abrownish-yellow light clay at about 500 mn. Soilscan tend to greyish sandier textures irt depressionsand concave slopes, with less gravel.

4. Indicator Species - Banksia grandis, BossiaeaIinophylla, Boronia gracilipes, Gompholobium oaatum,Greaillea bretticuspis, Hakea amplexicaulis, Hozteachorizemifolia, H. elliptica, Leptotllaria cunninghamii,Leucopogon aerticillatus, Macrozamiu riedlei, Persoonialongifolia, Petrophile diuersifolia, Podoca:usdrouynianus, Sphaerolobium medium and Xanthorrhoeagracilis are all generally present.

Others which are cofilmon on some sites are Acacia

brouniana, A. myrtifolia, A. pulchella, Agonishypericifolia, Bossiaea laidlawinna, B. olnatn, Croueaangustifolia, Hakea lasianthoides, Isopogonsphnerocephalus, Lechenaultia biloba, Loxocarya

fasciculata, Patersonia umbrosa, Pteridium esculentumand. Xanthorrhoea pr eissii.

In water gaining or wetter sites with impededdrainage, soils will be moister and species such asAdenanthos obouatus, Agonis paraiceps, Kingia australis

and Leucopogon concinnus can occur .

5. Management - These sites have moderate Browthpotential. Regeneration numbers are normallyadequate, but may be low on sites with dense scrub.Dieback symptoms occur on these sites and theimpact may be more serious in moist situations suchas depressions or concave slopes.

TYPE I

1. General description - Good quality forest (API

types JMB+/A) with tall undergrowth of medium

density on well drained and moderately fertile,

gravelly duplex soils (Plate III(ii), p.53).

2. Occurrence - These sites are common and cancover large areas of the uplands and slopes inmedium to high rainfall areas of moderatedissection. Type T may occur on landform typesBEy, BEb, PP, CRy, Ky, Ly, MTy, MTb, COy,Y2,Y3,

51 and 52.

3. Soils - The soils have a dark grey-brown sandyloam surface with some gravel changing to agenerally yellow or brownish clay at a depth ofabout 650 mm. There can be considerable lateriterock on some sites.

4. Indicator Species - Species to be found on thesesites are Clematis pubescens, Hakea amplericaulis,

Hovea elliptica, Leucopogon vertitilldtus, Matrozamiar iedlei, P er soonia longifo lia, P odocarpus drouynianusand Pteridium es.ulentum. Others which commonlyoccur are Acacia alata, A. browniana, A. pulchella,

Banksia grandis, Hovea chorizemifolia, Leucopogonpropinquus, Patersonid umbrosa and. Xanthorrhoeagracilis. Agonis parviceps, Bossiqea laidlqwianq, B.linophylla, B. ornqta, Leptomaria cunninghamii andSphaerolobium median rnay occur on some sites.

46

lb

.IS PUP gA ,ZA

'qIl{ 'dI14I 'q;{ 'cld 'qgg saddl ru:o;pue1 uo rnr)o

deu n add; 'ears ur papulsar 1nq peardsapr,u

aJll salrs asar{J agold aql ur pues Jo uollelnurnJJp

uE sI araql araq.u. adempuel papassrp dlalerapou

ro palf,asslp IIa^\ ur seaJB IIeJrn€J aleJapour

ar{l ur puno; dleraua8 sr addl srgl - aJuaJrnJJO Z

'199 d '1,ry1a a1q4ydarolsrapun asuap e dlensn s1 araql'sa1p8 puesadols yo s1ros rupol lpues paure:p 1ar'r uo'S addlueql dtrrgrral ur .ra.^ ol 'lsarot asuap d1:re; (+V/VI Iisad{ L1yy lrqenb poo5 - uollduxaq IErauaD I

n td^r

'uorsora

plole ol suorleJado awos ur uorleraplsuor ppads

paau deur sadols radaals aqJ lreqalp ot luelsJsalaq ol paraPlsuof, are salrs asaql qsqqElsa ol llnrrl]rPaq tou p1nor{s 1r q8noql 'ddouer asuap rapun

ldarxa salrs asaql uo uoqefaua8al yo 3ur,1oo1s poo8p uauo SI a.raq1 pqualod qlmor8 poog &aa a,req

ppoqs pue apua, Lra.t sr add1 srql - luaua8euell 'g

'salrs ra$aq aql uo strrJJo Dllf,qdornmrary addl syll

uo uounuoJ ale stlnoJDolduo o lDH pl're o ttldoun'g f,o ouDut\olplDl Irarrssog luepunqe [tar' wntpual4

pue uaoH qly't luasard aq TIE plnogs anluzlnJsa

untpuald pwe opo!8uo1 Dluoosrad 'Dlpau DutDzolcDry'snp oulal 7

'snnbuldoid uoSodoJnaT 'DJlidr a Da\oH'suaJsaqnd syowalJ'DtDlo olJpJV - sopadg .rolerrpul p

'urur 0g9 lnoq€ Jo qldap e 1e dep qsrppa.r .ro

a8uero o1 dlenpel8 sa8ueqr srql luar.rad 99 ueqg

ssay dleraua8 lnq aJ€Jrns ar{l Molaq uoururof, aJour

sr IaieJD 1aaer8;o lunoure Il€r,rrs E r{lrm saruqauos'areFns dr.ueol r{sru.^4.oJq p aAEq slros - qIoS €

'sruroJpuEI luarElpuoluo pualxe pue lS

'€A '7n'1n saddl urroJpurluo rncro deur 11 JnJlo $ueaJls loleru Suop

qros poo8 raaalaq.tt peardsapr,tl sr 1nq sBaJE palrurq

uo sauoz 1e;urer q8rq ol alerapou ur sruroJpuelpapasslp Ila,ll. uo srnf,f,o I addl - aJuarInJJO Z

'199'd'1,rr111 a1e14 (ra,rpuBs auoraq

slros araq.^^ rJJP)I auos pwu lsuatod sniqnn4)

llnq)peIq poo8 sureluor ad{ qq1 qlmor8raprm

asuap 'Jallel qlr,lr sar1n8 pue sadols radaals uo uago

sr'ueol par.n€rp lla,lr alrpal uo (+V 'lqgl 'y{I saddt

I.IV) lsaro; {qenb q8ql - uoqdr.rrsaq lerauaD I

0ld^l.

'sluaurala adll r,r.re4 a.roru 1o aruasa,rd pue a8eurelpra$aq /qlos ranueol radaap aql dq N addl uror;paqsrn8uqsrp are salrs asaqJ luasard dpea.rle lousr qprol8 palu€,rpe alenbape tr

'salrs qnrJs rasuap

ar{l rq qsllq€lsa ol lF)IJJrp aq u?f, uollu.raua8ay mol

aq ppoqs pedurl aql tnq 'satrs asaql uo uo-rssaldxa

IJ€qarp aruos aq deru a:aq; 1erlua1od qy'ror8 poo8

Lra,r o1 poo8 aler{ salrs asaql - luaura8eue4 g

.JNJJO

osp deur orlolrslaup apqdoaa4 pwe snnbuttlotd 7's uulJaoJ 7'sllp4sno uoSodotnaT 'oruapDruad DTJDJV'uounuoJ ate ota3t11a1s oJpuDwaq pue snuDru[notpsndn)opod 'ouo{rgaol Dtuooslad 'sttDllnuta^

uoSodoJ a'I'unpunquolf wryoladasoT'otlol\Sn8uoDa$oJJ'wfltloltJllr owazuoqJ'stpaDJE Dleluog'olossnJap oultonsDJollv ouplat$otq DtJoJV'JnJJoplnoqs w lual JSa wnlpuald pwe lalpau Dluozot)ow'sadlncotS Dluotog pue salls asar{l uo luaururorduayo sI sdacluDd sluo7v - sarradg Jolerrpul 'V

'\u\u 009 lnoqe l€

'1a.Ler9 pue lrr8 auros qly'r dep lpues sarulauros Jo'dqr o1 Sur8ueqr lrr8 zgenb ro/pu€ Ia^eJ8 Jrlrralpl

luar rad 69 og dn qty'r a)ugns rueol dpues u.tro.rq

e o1 dpues dar8 lleraua8 a.re s1ros ar{I - slos '€

'ts pue €A 'zA 'tA 'qol 'cltw'q)'qdl'qgg sad{ r'uro1pu€l uo puno; aq deu

;q addl aderspu€l papassrp dldaals o1 alpraporuur sear? II"Ju1"r q8rq aql ur dnurr[ue141 Jo qtnosuoururoJ aJour saruolaq addl srql - aJuaJrn)JO 'Z

'199 d '1999 a1ey4yda.rolslapun asuap fipl e dlensn sr a]aqJ'sJaqrunu .^4ol ur salrs asaql olul pualxa uauo IILtreolorlsnary snldliptnTl urq,1 spueydn pue sadoysal1ray dplerapor.u paure.rp 11a-.{ uo 1+914{ adll

IcIV) lsaroJ llqenb pooS - uoqdgrsaq IBrauaD I

)t ld^r..4\ol aq pFoqs peduq aql lnq

rnmo deru sruoqdruds >peqarq alenbape dlensn aresJaqurnu uorl€Jaua8ay legualod qyr.r.or8 pooS aaeq

sars paurerp IIa.,'l allual asaql - 1uoura8eue141 9

11 xrpuaddy

Appendix III

3. Soils - Generally the soils are yellow-brown or

red-brown sandy loams sometimes gravelly, overreddish-yellow light clays at about 750 mrn, with

gravel increasing with depth.

4. Indicator Species - These sites have less Acacla

alata, Clemqtis pubescens, Horea elLiptica and.

Leutopogon propinquus than type Q, whereas Acaciapulchella, Bossiaea linophylla, Leucopogon capitellatus,

Patersonia umbrosa and Tremandra stelligerq become

more common. Pteridium esculentum, Macrozamia

rietlLei and Persoonia longfolia should also occur.

5. Management - Regeneration is usually adequate

on these sites. Dieback symptoms may occur but the

impact should normally be very low to low. These

sites have very good growth potential. Silvicultural

treatments will show good results. Though the areasinvolved are small and possibly not manageable as

separate units, they often merge with other goodsites such as Q and T.

TYPE V

1. General Description good quality forest (API

types JMB+/A) on long sandy slopes of moderate

fertility but less well drained and therefore moist(Plate III(vi), p.54).

2. Occurrence - Type V is generally on the slopes of

moderately dissected country in a wide range of

rainfall areas and can occur in large units. This type

may occur on landform types BEy, BEb, Ky, Ly,

MTy, COy and COb.

3. Soils - The soils have a brown or yellow sandy

loam or loamy sand surface often with a small

amount of gravel or quartz grit, changing at around

600 mm to brownish-yellow or orange sandy clays

and becoming light or medium clay with depth.

Variable amounts of gravel and/or quartz material

occur, generally increasing with depth.

4. Indicator Specles - At'aciq extensa, A. pulchella and

A. urophylla can occur on these sites, and also Agorls

fleruosa where sandier soils occur. Bossiaealinophylla and CLematis pubescens are generally verycommon. Leu.opogon propinquus, L. verticillatus,

Mqcrozqmia riedlei and Persoonia ktrgrlo/ra should be

prcsent. Hqkea lissocarpha, H. ruse'ifolia, Leucopogon

australis and Pteridium esculentum lr.ay occur.

5. Management - These sites can be moist and there

is risk of dieback infection which may have a low tomoderate impact. There is usually adequateregeneration on this type and it has moderate togood growth potential.

WPE X

1. General Description - Low to moderate qualityforest (API type IMB) with dense understorey on

deep sands of ridges and slopes of lower fertility(Plate III(vii), p.54).

2. Occurrence - These sites are in the high rainfall

coastal areas of low to moderate dissection. They

generally occupy small but scattered areas in moist

sites. Type X may occur on landform types COy,

COp, COd, Q, A and F{A.

3. Soils - The deep sandy soils have some organicmatter accumulation in the surface which is

generally a grey sand and overlying a leached whitesand. There may be some quartz grit and roundedpebbles through the profile (800 mm +).

4. Indicator Species - Acacla myrtifolia, Anigozanthos

flavidus, Dasypogon bromeliifolius, Leucopogonpropinquus, Macrozamia riedlei, Persoonia longifoliaarrd Pteridium esculentum should all be present.Agonis Jlexuosa, Bossiaea linophylla, Hovea elliptica and

Xanthorrhoed preissii are generally present also.Acacia browniana, A. pulchella, Anarthriq scabru,Banksia grandis, Clematis pubescens and Tremandrastelligera are common.

5. Management - These infertile sites have low

growth potential. The moist, infertile soils may besusceptible to dieback but the impact should be low.Regeneration numbers may be low and can be

diJficult to establish in these hear.y scrub types.

ryPE N

1. General Description - Low to moderate qualityforest (API type JMB) with tall dense undergrowth,particularly tea-tree (Agori.r parviteps), on infertilepodzols, generally on wet poorly draining uplandsand slopes. Type N includes sites where karri maybe present in low numbers (Plate III(viii), P.54).

6n

'g puB suJ,NO ,\/H ,V ,O ,O]^I ,Ng ,I.] ,V] ,POJ,dOJ ,PIA'd11U 'rt 'd1 'q1 'd; sadll urolpuel uo -rn:rro dBruy addl sauoz 11e;urer IIp pue saddl ruro;pue1 dueuruo lsaroy qer:ef aql lnoq8norql peardsapr,u 1nq eareur paprJlsal dltsou are salls asar{J - aJuarrnJJo Z

'1g9d '1xy111 atey;; raruurns ur ,{1prnb d-ra,T. 1no ,{.rp

1nq p.tr dlyeuoseas ale pu€ qnrJs asuap a,r.eq {aqldleraua3 'sJrlsrJalJuJprp Jelrurs t{tIA\ IIE tnq sa}rs

;o a8uer apr.u e sre,ror adll srql spueldn dla,rer8papassrp llale,rapou ur sauq a8eurelp pup speaqda11ea peorq 'salpp€s 'suolssardap pueldn ur spueszyenb pue spues dar8 uo '(JI,^'1I adfi 14y; 1sa.ro1dlrpnb,rtol uado dlerauaS uoqdrrJsa6 IeJauaC I

d ld^t

'aBeurerp rood aqg

sr salrs asaql sagsrn8urlsrp qrrq,,r.r arnlea; aq1 d1a1q

pedurr da.rolsra.lo qllt snorJas aq uer sruoldurds

peqarq tuasard ,{pea.rle lou s1 qpror8 paf,uplpe

I rls-r1qptsa ol llnJrJIrp pu€ 'salrs auros uo alenbapeur

aq ueJ sraqrunu uotle;aua8ag radaap sr aceyns

ueol dpues aql aJaq-^ salrs uo lsaJo; poo8 alrnb

aq uef, araql 1nq 1e11ua1od qy.tor8 aleraporu q1r,r,'

salrs rarood aJe asaril dlerauag - 1uaua8eue141 g

'sa1rs 1aaer8 ,{pues atuos uo rnl;o de:ut DuDuasoll

oauDnsDJollv rnJJo uauo ltsslald DaolluotltuDx

pwe srltJDJB DaoquoquDx'untpaw wntqolotaoqdg'Dso)qun Dtuoua|pd 'suolnJt.tso{ o(Jp)oxoj'luasard aq IIe ppor{s snuotu{nolp sndntopo4

puE Dtlolt8uol olaoosJad '!apal ptaDzoJJDIN'snn lJD^ 'I 'sntlbuldotd uoSodDnaj 'olto{tuazuoqJ

oatop 'stlnotualdwo D loH 'DlouJo DaDtssog 'sIpuDtB

,rslarrg luaururo.rd dlensn sI sdnl^.rDd stuoSv',rnllo dBur pslaJr, r?Jrry lnq salrs asaql uo uounuoJ

lsor;u sr DuDlutl\otq n)o)v - saoadg Jolef,rpul t

'r,ur.u 00g lnoqp le algaley papnuor ro deyr

urnrparu qsr.\rollal ,ra,ro ya,rerS JIlI.ralEI lunrpaur ol

arq; yo sarlpuenb 8u1,{,re,r qlr-tr sureoy lpues ro spues

darS ro u,uorq Jo lsrsuoJ spos dleraua3 - sl1os t

')dJ pue vH 'v'poJ'dOl',{Ol'ptnl 'd1tq'd1 'd>I 'pg3 saddl uuoJpueyuo rnrro leu 4 addl dnr.un[ue4 Jo ]spa-rluoudlluanberl ssal sJnmo lnq 'uorlJassrp al€raporupu€ s€aJE 1e14e,r q8q ol alEraporu to lsaJojqer:ef aq] ur ad,{1 uoruuroc E sr sl{J - aJuarrnllo Z

'1trE'd'1xr1111 aie14; aSeurerppapadurr rlllm {elJ ralo aJp1rns dpues.l.rolleqsp a^€rl sIoS qnJJs aaJl-Eal uauo 'rasuap r.{lr.\tsadols pue spueydn aqt uo (g1,l ad,{1 14y; lsaroydlrlenb tunrparu o1 ,r.to1 uorldrnsag I€JauaD I

d td^r'qsrlq€lsa

ol llnJrJ1rp aq upJ pue asreds uaryo sr sad,{1 qnns

asar{l uI uorleJaua8ay snor.ras arotu aurolaq ,{etu

lredun aql pupls arll Jo dn Suruado pue aJueq.rnlsrp

r.{lr,l,r 'lalalnroH lredurr ,rto1 e qllm lllprauag

lnq JnJJo sr.uoldruls >lJsqarq 'al€Japoru ol ,^ ol sr

salrs asarll Jo Ipqualod ql,r.tor8 aq1- 1uatua8euel41 g

'uou[uoJ

arotu aruoJaq asst,ttd oaoqtto4JuDx puu sllDt$no

DtEury 'otlolil.ttw Dt)o)V pue f,n))o DJqD)s Dt.tqtJouv

pue suapd g 'od.1o.:ra!'aar -;r los rarpues pue a8euterp

rarood qlrm suorssardap pue sadols ra,llol uO

'luasard

aq f,uut ota8rpals otpuDu J pue anlualt)sa wnlpua7d'ottoltsDtlp allqdo.qad'snuDruf,no)p sndJD)opod'snnbutdoJd

7 'snnur,)uo) uo8<ttlotnaT 'D)tldt a

DaloH wnqoJl.)rll DuazuotlJ olDssn)ap oulJDnsD)ollv

'1uasa.rd lleraua8 arc ollolt8uol oluoosrad p.ue talpau

DtulozoDDw'st1o4sno uoSotlo:tnal'sadtltJDJ8 Dluotog'slpuor] Dts)luoB pue saleuRrrop t\ylensn sdatruod

.srroSy rJJDI puu Dsonoll[ stuoSy pwe Dtuapoluad'V 'Dllolltttw y a^eq 11L^ saddl larpues aruos

pue uourwoJ s\ ouDtut otq or.ro.ry - sanadg rolerrpul

'uedp;eg ,ro .rade1 delJ JaIAear{

e ;o luaurdola,rap dq papadrur alow sr a8eure.rp

salrs rarood aq1 uo unu 00? tnoqe ge dep gs1.r.ro11ad

e ol uaql pue 'laaer8 JrlrJalpl auros qll^ \u!u 00€lnoqe 1e dep lpues e o1 dlenper8 ro pues dadeyr o1

aSueqr e sr araql qldap qlr,^ Surspanur lrr8 zlrenb

Jo slunorue Il€lus uauo aJ€ araqJ ureoy dpues

ro pues dal8 asJ€oJ ro auIJ Jaqtra 'areyrns dpues

dar8 e a,r.er1 IIE tnq alqerre^ are slros aql - sllos €

'yH pu€ V'pOJ'dOl 'qOl

'pII I

'dX 'l> 'pXl saddl urro;puey uo rnrro deur

111 addl slrun a8rel ur rnrlo u€J pup seaJe asaql ur

uoururor are'l,qunol papassrp dlalerapotu 1elure.rq8rq ur lpreru JntrJo salrs asaql - aJuaJrnf,Jo Z

11y xrpuaddy

Appendix III

3. Soils The soils are generally a dark grey or grey

sand, sometimes loamy sand, overlying sand, often

brownish yellow, becoming paler with depth, often

with quartz grit and rubble. Frequently it becornes a

sandy clay at about 1000 mm which may be overlain

by a gravel layer or an organic stained hardpan.

4. Indicator Species Agoals parviceps is generally

prominent on these sites. Atatia ^tensa, Leu(opogon

dt.t stl-d I i s, M au o.dm i a r i e d I e i, and P e r soo nia kt n g, iJb I ia

should be present. Bosl/de./ linophyllu, Banksiaq to . l i J . HL1hL l u rs t i la l i t . Lo . \ t " d t \ .1 la " i , t la t t . L .

JTeruov and Potkttarpus tlrouvnianus commonly

occur.

This type covers a range of similar sites which may

occur in different situations and spccies such as

At acia m,-rtijdlid, Adenanthos obr^'utus, Andrthriqprolifera, A. stdbr(r, Agottis Jlettutsa, All.ttasuerittq

fi'aseriana, Anigo.dtlthos Jlatidus, Banksia iliLifolia.

B ontnitr spathulata, D as,t po gon brome I iifoli us, K ingia

oustrdlis, Lepidosperma d gtlstotun, Leutoltogo

cttncinuus, Melaleuto thymoides, Pulte ed reti(uIdt.r,

Sutev)la stridta, Thomasia grandi.floru, Xuttthorrhoeepreissii, and Xylomelum octidentale may occur.

5. Management - These infertile sites have low

growth potential. Because of the infertile soils they

may be affected by dieback and the impact can be

moderate to high. Regeneration numbers on this

type are often low and would be difficult to

establish.

WPE I

1. General Description - Low to medium quality

forest (API type JMB) on moist poorly drained sites

with gravelly duplex soils in high rainfall areas(Plate III(xi), p.55)

) Occrrrrence Tr np I is more common in lhe

southern high rainfall areas in moderately dissected

landscape than it is elsewhere. It generally occurs on

lower slopes but also on uplands where drainage is

impeded. Type I may occur on landform types CRy,

CRd, Kp, Lp, MTp, COy, COp, COd, and TRc.

3. Soils - There is generally a shallow sandy surface

over a clayey sand (sometimes sandy loam) with

some quartz grit and small amounts of gravel

increasing with depth to about 50 per cent. This

changes to a sandy clay or clay at about 300 mm or

Iess with about 30 per cent latedtic gravel.

4. Indicator Species Acacia hrcv'nionu and ,4.qorls

paniteps dominate, Banksia grandis, Kitlgia qusttalis,

Leuutpogon austrulis, L. toncit tus, Matro:amia riedlei,

Petrcphile diversilblia and Podocarpus drttuyniunus

should be present. Agori.r hyper iJolia, Bossiaea

linop h," I la, Gompholobiun otdtum, H akea amp le.ticauli s,

H. lasianthoides, Horea chorizemifolid, H.ellipli(a,

Leptonnria tunninghamii, Leu<opogon verti(illdtus,

Lo.tocarya Jqs(i(ulata, Persoonio bngilblia and

Xtnt ht t t h ' t t , . t r t Lh l / i . ' d rc ( ommon.

5. Managemcnt - These sites may carry good timber

volumes but have only low to moderate growth

potential. The sitcs are similar to Type P but rnoister.

Dieback symptoms are likely to occur and the

impact may be low to moderate or possibly worse

with opening up of the stands and disturbance.

Some sites may lack adequate regeneration.

ryPE B

1. General Description Poor quality blackbutt andjarrah forest (API type JBbtC) on seasonally wet

infertile sands on flats and along drainage lines.

Marri is not common on these sites and there is

usually a hear,ry .crub l;yer. Drainage is very poor(Plate III(xii), p.55).

2. Occurrence - This type does not occupy large

areas but is common in the moderate to high rainfallareas of low to moderate dissection. Type B mayoccur on landform types COd, CM,CA, HA, 53 and

s4.

3. Soils - These soils consist of coarse grey sands,

often with quartz material, sometimes over a light

clay or more often deeper sands with an organichardpan.

4. Indicator Species - Agonis parviceps dominates,Pultenea reti.ulata and Kingia azsrralls should bepf esefft . A de nant ho s o b ori at us, L e p t o mar i a c u nni n g hamiia\d Xanthorrhoea prcissii are common. Aracia

hfttwniqna, A. pentadenia, Leucopogon australis,L. con<innus, Persoonia longfolia and. Podotttrpusdrouynianus may alut ottur.

50

_T

t9

'uounuo) osle aJP lalpall alwazolJaw pu€' o s o nxa i[ 7' D] D l n ) ! ) "' DJ DttD )a roj' Lunp t l l od V' wuD q !.)DwoloJtsv luasard aq 1e plrLoys antprpll wnt10a,Q1

puu'snnbudo.ld uo,9otlotna'1'DqdJo)osstl o lDH'Da uolpuoKlg 'o11aqt1nd ar.rn.ry - sanedg Jolptrrpul t

'1a,rer8 rrlualey q1r.lL

seun+arxos'sdqr paJ-r{sr^\ollad ro u,to'lq-qsr,uo11ad

tulq 00t lnoqe lp 8ur,{pa,ro 'lalprg )rlualpl ,oslunoure 8ur,,{re,r q1,na spues -,(rueo1 ro srueol dpues

uMorq-qsr,uo11a,{ ro uMoJq arP slros aqf - sllos €

'79 pue .{93 'q11n1 '44'qgg'dgg saddl

luJo;puel uo Jnlro leru tr1 ad.,{; uolllassrp ^ olpue IIeJuTEJ .\rol Jo spaJp ur dnturlue1,11 1o lsea-rluouaql ol peardsapr,l.r sr addl sqI - aJuaJJnf,JO z

'199 d '1ax;11a1e14) rarpues arP

slos aql aJaq^\ Surrrnlro 'aJuelsur JoJ 7 addl ueql

salrs asarll uo uoururor ssal sr rJJel,\ 'lsea Jar{unJ

sa8pr.r oopue,u ,noy ro saSprr pue sadols raddn

qer.re{ aq} qqr.r.r saS.raur addl srql slos dadep q1r.r.t

sadoys uo 1gA4{ eddl IdV) tsaroJ qerrel pue oopuelruralsea dgqenb alprapol4tr - uorldrnsa6 IeJauaD I

y{ ld^L

'lredu

,r.r.o1 e dluo tlllm dlleJoua8 lnq Jnl)o surotdu,{s

If,pqarq salrs asaql uo alunbape ,{ylerulou

arp sJaqlunu uorle.raua8ag yerlualod qprol8

alpraporx ol,Mol E aleq salrs asaql - luauraSeueyq g

ate p.!o inual otla\ditg pue otloltiuo! Dntoosrad'swD DUJat uolodotnaT'nuDqiutuuttJ Dt.tDLuold)1'wnlDrltJ Dluolo.usv DSuaNa y saurlauros puP

o11aqt1nd onoty usstard Daoq.uotlluDx pue LunqoJip)l

wntlDwt.tl' talpaLt DtwDzo.DLTW' npl n:tt.tsol D{.rD)oxol'Dqd.tD)osstl oalog'opt{uouutdrq o.rpuD[-tg'otou.to

oaDtssog 'wnptllDtl Duolollsy apnl)ur salrs asaql uo

punoJ aq plnoqs rl;rq.u saoadg - sanadg .rolerrpul p

'ruur 66tr lnoqe 1e 1a,te,r8

rr1rra1el ,{.neaq ;o radel e aq deu a-raq1 Lrrur 009lnoqe lE ureol {ep ,,{pues ro dep e o1 saHueqr srql'ya,r.er8 yo slunoure Surd:e,t q1t,u ureol dep dpues o1

ureol lpues qsru,{oJq e dleraua8 ale slros - slros t

'zspue 'dg3 '11 '44 ',,{gg saddl w;o1pue1 uo .rncro deru

7 ad.,{; uorlrassrp ,taol Jo searp IIeJuTEJ ltol Jarrpaql uI pEaldsapl \ alP salrs asaqJ - aJuaunJJO Z

'199 d '1,rrx;11 ale1d) ,{arotsrapunuedo eroru qllrv\ 'qlos ;ar.teaq 'd11a,rer8 uo spueldnpue sadols qe.r.rel uralsea drp (St{I addl 14yydlqenb agerapou.r o1 ,uo1 uorldrnsaq I€rauaC I

z td^t'st€lt asar{l qtr.^ paleposse saBurrl qerreI

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rualqord e aq o1 .{1a1t sr >lrpqarq - luaura8eue6l 9

'uolu!qo:)

ate stlD.rlsnD uoiiodotu1 pue otal4otd Dt.tqllDuv'stl,t,tt,r.tod stuotiv 'sntptoqo sotl|ttpuapv se qJns

sarrads pue rnJJo plnoqs wnwll{ wnwodsolDwoH

pwe ala$ua alpn)a1 'sn4o!1awotq uo8odlsu1' ostoas alltoJnnqsaoad5 rolcrrpuy tr

'dep

s,{eFa,ro qrrq,tt (+!ulu 00g o1; qldap qtl,\{ ralrEpSururoraq pu€s aug daap e;aao '1erra1eu zg;enb

a)eJrns auros qlr^\ pues da;8 aur; ur lpr.u loor aJp;rns

{Jlll p qlr,r\ slozpod rrunq are qros arll - sllos €

'C pue'Id'VJ'JS '91 saddl ru.rolpuel

uo rnJJo der.u g addl uorpassrp atpJapour ol ,l,rol

Jo sparp etumr q8rq aqt ur aJe salrs asaql qlnos

arll ur uoruuroJ aJour pue ra8rel auoraq ,{eru asaql

lnq searp leus d1uo eq deu ereql aruarrnrJo Z

'(99 d '(rrrx)rnaleld) ralurm ur pa88ope1er,' pue paurelp dllood

aJp salrs asarlJ qerrel palungs pa]alleJs qll^salurlauros pue uoqela8aa l,rol asuap qllm sdurpmspup sleg ssalaarl uraqlnos - uorldrnsa6 IErauoD I

I ld,^l

'atpJaporu ot ,l,rol aq der.u lredrur aqlpue sruoldu.rds lJpqarp Jo aJuaJJnrJo aruos sr alaql'add1 qtlrs qql uI qsllqplsa ot llnJrJJrp aq plnola

pur? ,^ ol uato are sraqLunu uorleraua8ar 'yequalod

quro-r8 ,r,ro1 alerl salrs ;ood esaql - luawe8eueyl g

1yy xrpuaddy

Appendix III

Boroniaspathulnfa, Dryandta bipinnatif ida and

Xanthorrhoes preissii tnay occur and Llypocnlymma

angustilolitLm may occur in moisler sites such as

below rock outcrops.

5. Management These sites have low to moderate

growth potential Regeneration numbers are

generally adequate on this type, and dieback

disease expression is uncommon.

WPE Y

1. Ceneral Description - Moderate quality forest(API type JMB) in the eastern broad flat drainage

lines on sandy soils. Drainage is impeded and these

sites can become very wet in winter due to the low

dissection of the landscape (Plate III(xvi), p.56).

2. Occurrence - These sites are widespread in the

low rainfall eastern forests but cover restricted areas.

Type Y may occur on landform types BEy, PP, Ly,

Lp, MTp, CM and 52.

3. Soils - Soils are a black or dark grey clayey sand

in the upper profi le. At about 500 mm there is

generally a heavy layer of lateritic gravel in a

yellowish or pale brown coarse sandy clay.

4. lndicator Species - Bossiuea linophu"llu, B ornota,

Hakea lissocotphd, Hrpoul|ntnq d guslilbliunl,

Leutoltogon proytinquus and lofo(.r7ra .fascituldtashould be present. A..r( i.r e\teDSL1, Asttoloma (i l iotunt,

B o r o n ia qt a thu I a ta, M a t ro -t nt i u r i e cl I e i and T r'- ntt I i u nt

/er1ly'rlirdr may also occur.

5. Management - This type has a low growth

potential and regeneration may be inadequate on

some sites. This type may be susceptible to dieback

because of the moister soils, but the imPaci should

be low.

ryPE A

1. General Description - Flats and broad drainage

lines, with Eucahlptus radls on shallou' soils with

impeded drainage. Some jarrair occurs on the

fringes and E. decipiens may occur on low gravelly

rises. Some blackbutt may also occur on better sites(Plate III(xvii), p.56).

Occurrence These sites cover small areas scattered

throughout the north-eastern low rainfall parts of

the study area with low dissection They also

include the associated open swamPy areas. Type A

may occur on landform types Ls, CM, CA, 52, and

s3.

3. Soils - There is a yellowish brown sandy clay

loam surface, generally with little or no gravel/

changing gradually to a light brown fine sandy clay

Ioam, often gravelly, over a shallow laterite or clay

impeding layer.

4. Indicator Species - Acacia saligna, Allotasuarina

humilis, Astrdoma ciliatunt, Loxocarya fastitulata,Melaleuca preissiuna and M. viminea should be

present. Bantsia littoralis, Boronia spathulatd and

Xanthorrhoeu prcis.rii may occur.

5. Management - This type has a low growth

potential and regeneration is usually sparse. These

sites are wet and sticky in winter and may be

potential dieback inoculum sources. The impact of

dieback on these sites would be low.

Plote l l l( i)Type S

€9

n eo^l(^) t a|oH

e eo^l(^D t ototd

) eo^l(!!D r a|Drd

1 oo^l(!Dl eptd

11 xrpuaddy

Append i>. lll

Plote l l l(vi)Type V

Plote lll(viiDType N

Plole l l l(vi i)Type X

Plofe l l l( ix)Type P

99

*

j eo^l(Irx) t olotd

I eo^I(!x) t a|DH

I eo^l(rx)lll a|DH

U ed^l(x) t a|Dtd

1q1 xrpuaddy

Appendix III

Plote lll(xiv)Type Z

Plote lll(xvi)Type Y

Plole lll(xv)Type M

Plole l l l(xvii)Type A

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Appendix V

LINDESAY, Hills; >60 m relief, rockv cresis, smooth flonks,| | n a:.^ni+6 ^, ,i^r^^

Lp Shollow gritty yellow duplex soilsr J-Bu woodlond.Ly Grovelly yellow duplex soils with loteritei J-M forest,Ls Leoched sonds ond podzols; Tt heoth ond J woodlond,

GARDNER. Coostol hills ond heodlonds 60 m relief, sieep irregulor rocky crestsond upper slopes seporoted by smooth sondy trocts.

G Gg Gronite ouicrop.Gs Leoched sonds ond podzols; mollee-heoth.

BARROW, Hills ond ridges, >60 m relief, crests of gronite, gently sloping flonks,

BA BAg Gronite outcrop.BAf Yellow duplex soils, sonds, grovels; J-lV-Yf forest.

MATTABAND, Hills ond hilly terroin. 20-60 m reliefi scottered gronite,

MT MTy Grovelly yellow ond yellow duplex soibi J-lVl-Ty forest.MTb Brown grovelly duplex soilsi K-M-Ty-J foresi.MTp Shollow gritty yellow duplex soilsi J woodlond,MTd Sondy yellow duplex soilsi J-M forest.

PILLENORUP. Hills of gronite with o fringe of sedimentory rocks, <60 m reliefi rounded crestsond smooth gentle slopesi some gronite.

PN Grovelly yellow duplex soils, sonds ond loterite; J M-Y low forest.

COLLIS. Low hills ond low hilly terroin. 20 m relief ,

CO COy Grovelly yellow duplex soilsi J-lVl forest.COb Brown grovelly duplex soilsj M-J-K forest.COp Shollow gritty yellow duplex soilsj J-Bu woodlond,COd Sondy yellow duplex soilsj N/l-J forest.

SWAMPYTERRAIN

CAMBELLUP, Ploins with droinoge floors, swomps ond low rises,CM Yellow solonetzic soils ond podzols on floorsj Bb-Ys-Y thickets ond lvlel woodlond.

Shollow solonetzic soils in swompsi mvrtoceous heoth.Grovelly yellow duplex soils on risesi lvl foresti Ho scrub.

SIDCUP. Shollow norrow deoressions.

SC Humus Dodzolsi lvlel woodlond.

CALDYANUP. Ploins with droinoge floors, ond low rises,

CA Yellow solonetzic soils; Ho scrub, Mel woodlond.Humus podzolsj Kg sedgelonds, Tt heoth.Reddish yellow eorthsi Ho scrub.Grovelly yellow duplex soils on rises; M forest, Ho scrub,

PINGERUP. Poorly droined ploins ond droinoge zones, some swomps,

Pl Humus ond peoty podzolsi Kg sedgelond; Tl heofh.Peot in swompsi Wt thickets.

62

g9

puolpoo/v\ qs-f isuorsseldep ul spuos peqcoel'lserol l/\-f jqserc uo e+lro+ol puo slros xeldnp ,.{ollo^ Alle^ole lnl

'spuoldn 6u[olnpun Alpool8 ll]H31llA'+soroj /v\ol qS-qV isedols r.]+ooLus uo sle^olo puo spuos sC

'lseroJ N qv-f jslsorc e+oouo|e uo e+lra+Dl puo spuos cc cs+run noe+old to uo4cessrp Aq peuJro,t s+selc eoplu tlllsdl^lc

'r.l+oor..l a€llour i+sajoj l^-f lsllos xoldnp /v\ollo^ Alle^DrO n'seOpU puo sll!Ll req6rLl 6urOufJ uloxe+ 6uldols ̂lluee dnNilllA

'puDlpoo/v\ € lsaunp puD slcoujuJnL.llo spuDs ulslozpod's.fol3rq+ lol^-s^ lsuoFsardop ul sllos 3!z+euolos /v\olla^'q+Deq eelloLu :sulold uo e+!a+Dl 'sllos xoldnp /v\olla^ Hc

'seunp rDeull puo 91JouL!nLl Apuos Auot-:se+Jeunl q+u\ suolsserdop puo selDl llouJs pele$ocs :noe+old 6ullDlnpun Alpooj8 dnNllllHc

'puolpoo/v\ € i$l3ouruinq ]o spuos ul slozpod's+elo[]+ lol l-s^ isuolsserdop ul slos 34euolos /v\olle^

'q+oeq eelloLu 'puDlpooa l/\ l. lsulold uo sllos xeidnp.^ olle^ All€^org )'euo+s+lls pere.$ocs islcor-uurnLl lsuorssejdep iselol :noelDld 6ulplnpun ,llpool8 dndvlv)vl

'puDlpooa len isuolsserdep ul sllos 3lz+euolos /v\olle^'+serol qv-f-t lsurDld uo ellre+ol puo sllos xeldnp /v\oll€A tl

'suolssordep puo so)Dl pere+locs :noe+old 6ulplnpun AlpDol8 cNot^Cltl

SJNSWSIS NVSJV'Id

sauolspu€s puv sauolsllls uI padola^ac sllun

'puolpoo/v\ len lsllos xeldnp ,'r ollo^ ApuDs puo slozpod snLUnH NO'sepwp lellDA puo suolsserdep Apuos e+oouole '/v\olloLls

dnlll€vcNlno

'sp€el puD saopes jsloou lollD^ louluJ uo slozpod +ood'+soro] ^ ol r!-f lsluDu ielloA uo slros xeldnp /t\olle^

'qnr3s lt isnds lo slsorc uo slozpod snurnH vH'uolslcul ulDa4s +qolls rsulold puos /\ oroN llvn-llzvH

'puolpoo/!\ l. rsuollsesqp /v\olloqs u! sllos xoldnp /\olle^ Apuos'q+oeq +t'puoleopes 0X is+sojc pootq uo slozpod snulnH V'suolloesslp

+r.{6!ls lutorel Ipuos 6uldols I[uee ]noeNV

'q+oeq lt'puoleopos 6)1 :slozpod l+oed puo snurnH o'sduoi\s louolsocoo

'seprnrp AellDA puD s+sejc ApuDs xeAUoc AlpooJg eNldlevnO

's+al3rql s 'qnrcs oH rsdulD/v\s u! sllos J!4ouolos /v\ollo 'puolpoo/v\ LIS I ispuos uo slozpod OIA

'sdulo/v\s 6u1uerue1u1 puo slcourLunq puD seunp 'se++eunl lCNVtlOlA

'q+ooq +I'spuole6pes O) isllos AUIjO /v\ollDqs puD slozpod nE'e+luor6 pere+pcs :sloo[ eoDulolp Ll+l/v\ sulDld tl]Ndn8

4 xrpuaddy

Appendix V

TRENT. Flot topped hills. <40 m relief, gently sloping flonks,

TR TRc Grovelly yellow duplex soils ond loterite on crestsi J-lVl forest.TRs Leoched sonds with iron oon on flonksi J-Sh woodlond,

SWAMPYTERRAIN

BOULONGUP. Brood, shollow, poorly droined depressions in ploteou surfoce;complex of swomps, lokes, low loteritic rises, lunettes ond hummocks,

BO Yellow solonetzic soils in swompsi Ys-l\,4el thickets, reeds,Podzols in sondsi J B Sh woodlond.

FERNLEY, Gently unduloting sondy ierroin,F Sondy or grovelly yellow duplex soils on risesi J-Bu woodlond.

Humus podzols in brood depressions; Kg sedgelond, Tt heoth.

Units Developed In Coastal Aeolian And Fluviatile Sediments

SWAMPYTERRAIN

BLACKWATER. Ploins with hummocks, lineor dunes ond swamps.BW BWp Humus podzols on ploinsi Kg sedgelonds, Tt heoth.

Peot in swompsj Wt thickets,Podzols on dunesi B woodlond,

BWo Shollow gleyed duplex soilsi Mel woodlond.Podzols on dunes; B-Sh woodlond.

OWINGUP, Ploins with swomps, lunettes ond dunes.OW Yellow solonetzic soils, orgonic looms ond djotomoceous eorthsj Wt-Mel thickets.

Tt heoth ond reeds Podzols on dunesj B-Sh woodlond.

KORDABUP. Brood droinoge floors in lower reoches of sireoms.

KO Humus podzolsi Tt scrub ond Kg sedgelond.

WALPOLE, Flot to gently sloping benches; some shollow dissections,

WA Podzols ond deep sands; Tt scrub, Sh woodlond ond Kg sedgelond.

DUNE SYSTEMS

D'ENTRECASTEAUX. Brood ridges of limestone. often >100 m relief; unduloting crests;sieep scorps to seoword; much limestone outcrop.E Podzols ond shollow brown sondsi PD-B scrub.

MEERUP. Porobolic dunes.M My Colcoreous sondj Pp heolh ond woodlond.

l\4c Colcoreous sond wiih shollow leochingi Pp woodlond,Mp Podzols over colcoreous sond; B-Bu-Y woodlond,lvls Podzols in siliceous sondi B-Bu-Y-Sh woodlond.Mu Unstoble sond.Mf Podzols on interdune ploinsi B-Bu-Y woodlond.Mr Beoch ridges; Pp heoth ond B woodlond.

99

'q+DaLl 1I'spuDpopes OX :sjooll uo slozpod snurnH Ll+oeLl eellor-r.r isodols uo sllos ApUDS /{ollDqS'(l) roou AdurD/v\s 'euo+sllls r.lcnlu isedols de3+s 1,r.e!pr ur Ot islsor tuo+ueurlpes ul s^ollon

'puDlpoo/{ ler! 'puoleopes 0x jsjooll uo slozpod snunH'lserol /\\ol r.ls-T :sodols uo spuDs lllonDro puD spuDs doec

'se^oclD puD s^ollo,r 6u|do|s A4ueO 'molloqs 'poorg

'l]+D€q +l'puolpoo/\\ lanl :slool,t uo sllos Xelonp /v\olle^ puD slozpod'puolpoo/v\ qs f-qv isodols uo slozpod uol! puD spuDs desc

'(,r) loo[ Adu]o/rs jsedols q+ooujs lleller l.U Oe isloor fuDlueLulpes ul s^ello^'pool€'speer puo seopes :roou AdLuo/v\s /'\orou uo spuos deac

'+serol r,\ol l^-f jsedols uo sllos xeldnp /v\olle^ Apuos'lellar LU Ot> r$lcor fuD+ueurlpes ul 'sAellD pedoqs-n r\oJDNpuolpoo/q €1en ispuos doop puD sllos xoldnp /v\oll€A ApuDs

'leller ur Ot-q lfulunoc cl+luoro ulslello^ padoqs-n '/u\oxoN

spuoloop€s :qloeq 1l :s1ros xeldnp rrrollal Apuos puo slozpod']erlar ur g> isauoz ooDurorp Aduro/{s poor€'sa6pos puo qloeq +1 xoolt uo spuos A+ood

'+serol t\-f jsluDll uo slozpod puo sllos xeldnp aolle^ Apuos'sedols el+ueo 'lell€r L! Ot> :urore+ iduJo/v\s ul s^ello^,^ olloqs

'selJ\Llooloq'puolpoo/q len

6S

8S

asjooll uo slros or4euolos /v\olle^ +salo, l/\-f tsluD[ 6urdols ̂l+ueo uo slros xeldnp /"\olla^'seoDdees eullos rJellor rx OZ> :urDra+ cr+ruor6 ur s^ellon ZS

'+soroj /v\ol +M Jool, /'^oxou uo slros l+oed'+sero,r )-lA-T rsluDll qloours uo sllos xeldnp /v\olle^ Alla^Dre

',eller uJ OZ> Jooll duo/'^s /[or]ou 'urore+ cr+ruor6 ur slellDn tS

(s) s^'s'l'Iv^ UONII I'qloeq'+serol q8-s^-n-f jsecojro+ uo sllos xeldnp /v\ollo^ +soro,r l/\-f isluol,r uo sllos xaldnp Alle^ol6 puo'spuos

'(+) e3orel loll poorq :sedols oulluou e[uoo '.uoqs ilollo] r! 0z '$13or tuo+ue|.Ulpas u! slellon 8n'+sero] F\ jacoxe+ uo slos lpuDs dooo +serol l -f jsedols uo sllos xoldnp /\\olle^ llle^ol6 puD lpuDs

'(+) €3olra+ oxou'dorJ+noeluojo louorsocco 'euo+s+l!s qcnu 'sodols rDlnoexr 'dee+s'!oqs llerler ur 0t-02 r913ol fuo+ueultpas uts^ollDn LA

'se+IqdolDrl puo qnros la/\ lsrooll uo sllos sl4euolos ̂\olle^ +soro] /t\ol M-l/\-T lsluoll uo sllos xeldnp aolle^'(+s) roou eullos +olt poorq :sluDU Alcor ueuo 'rolnOer!

'ouldoF Al+ue6 e^lsuelxe 1]el|or r! Oe{Z isloor tuD+ueulpes puo 3l+!uolo u!l3^td uDolDX leddn }o Aellon 9A'sal-^qdolDq 'puolpoo/v\ len :sroolj uo sllos 3l4euolos /v\olle^ +salol t/!-f r$1uolJ uo sltos xeldnp /"\olleA

'(+s) roou eullos+oll pDorq tsluDll r..iloours ol+ueo ileller ur 0Z +noqD lnDolold ct+luolo u! le^ld +uo) teddn lo Aellon gA

'+sero] +M-q€lef!-ll\ rsllos lol^nllD A{ls puo ApuoS'leller ur 0t> rslcor+ Aduro/v\s puo seanal 'sa3oral

vA'lsoroJ /v\ol len-+M jeJoJe+ uo spuos de€C +serol ll-n-f lsodoF uo sllos xeldnp /v\olle^

'eco.ue+ isedols Aicor rleller uJ OZ :sDerD cr+ruor6 ur s^ellon 0A'+sero] +M-q€-n-)

rsecDrel uo slros xoldnp /,\olle^'spuoS +serol f-t\ X isodols uo slros xeldnp ,ry\olla^ llp^DrO'sq!De ped'o3D.ro+ /vlorou :sedols 'e+orapour 'Ll+ooLus llala] ur ot-oz lsoero ol+luoj6 u! s^ellDn zA

'lsero] {M-q8-n-) :sasDxe+ uo sllos AurDol u^\or8 lsarol lA-) isedols uo sllos xeldnp /v\ollo^ 'squoo poll'ecorel /v\oxDu isedop dee+s q+oours lleller Lu Ot< lsoero cl+luoro u! s^ellDn LA

(A) SAS'I'IVA UOIVW

saulf ateulerq qlIM palElrossv slpn

8S

IS

93

9S

'S

,1 xrpuaddy

Appendix V

MKBbBU

Y S

TrTyAb

shHO

PpTT

Kg

Mel

JOrronMorriKorriBlockbuitBul l ichYoteSwomp Yote

Red TingleYellow TingleAlbony BlockbuttWondooSheookHokeo

PeppermintTeotree

WottleKOngoroo gross

Poperborks

Bonksio

E. marginataE.calophyllaE.diaersicolorE. patensE. megacnrpaE. cornutaE .occidentalisE. decipiensE.jacksoniE .guilfoyleiE. staeriE. uandooAII o c a su a r in a fr a s er anaHakea aariaH. ambiguaAgonis flexuosaAgonis paraicepsA.linearifoliaAgonis juniperinaEaandra aristataAnqrthria scabraMelqleucq cuticularisM.teretifoliaM.rhaphiophylkBanksin attenuataB. grandisB. illicifoliaB. querctfolia

66

L9

'a:nlsroru aldure

1nq a8er4e.rp poo8 qlr.u sureol lpues pue spu€Sasonra1l suo8y

'a8eure.rp papadrulqly'{ qa "JB lpues pue spues 'sureol dpueg

snlaaoqo sol.llutuapv

'st't ot3 snlaaoqo 'y any,u

los ueql 3u1u1erp raar; laaerS dpues 'slros alq.ratul' snta3rqtaq so4lubuapv

'q1os rar,teaq ro dureol alluaJuo sEaJe II€Ju.rEr q8rq o1 urnrpaur ur srnrro dlerauap

a11frqdotn utaty

'1e;u1er 1o a3uel apy'a dran 'srueol dpues roqa,lu8 uo spnplllpr.{ se Jo sealp IIEJTrleJ runrparuur 1os ddure,r.rs uI F{qql e sp rnJJo der.u 'alqerren

au84as ucacy

's€ale luJnq uo uouluoJ oslv searP Iarrp ursdo,rrlno loor snoauSl qlp palElJosse slros Jar Earllpleur 1nq's€arp II€JurEJ runrpaur ur sureol lpuesllaler8 'sea.re

1e;urer q3rq ur pues uo aq de1n1

'spuBs FlrAro qros ru€ol dpues 'seare 11e;urer raq8rq dge;aue3

uuaptluad ucuty

'salrs paqJnlsrpuo osIV sEaJE ralsrour lylsour'spues ro srueol dpue5

arlolr1tfiw anucy

'salls paqmlqp uo oqy'sa1rs dlqrga;alErapour pue seare rolsroru s.rnoAEJ 'sa:uyns dpueg

tsualxa atJaJv

's1ros xaldnp aceJrns ,{ga..rer8 l1e;u1€r alurapotr ltlpuowwup rt)aJv

'raurtuns ur 1no Ltp lou op qr1q,r,r sdure.usJo sruo11oq da1e,r 'sa8pa

)aarr raqlra 'seare lagsuaSnarp ucaty

'aJeJrns ol asolJ lualuor dep raq8rq- s11os xaldnp uruol dpues l1e;urer q8rq o1 alerapoyq

buuumotq anaJv

'surnq rarye d1q1ga; raqSrq

1o a8elue,rpe a{el osl€ IIII II tnq luarudola,taplsaq ,lroqs a8eurerp alqeuosear qll^ sllos alluaC

alulu alJaJv a11a44nd anaty

'da^rns aql ul paJalunoJua

suorl€nlls Jo a8uer aql ol aiqqal are pue pas,rleJauaS a,re 1e;u1er pue a€eulerp ',,{11qa1 se q}ns sJllsFapeJer{f,

alrs ol alualaJal orII tsaroc qeJJeI urarllnos aql ;o daarns uollpJrJlssplJ alls alp uI pasn sapads Jol€J.rpur

aql Jo afuJttnJf,o ar{l qlr/ll alelanof, ol pa^rJsqo aJP rlJrqM suorlrpuoJ Jlrs aql saulllno 8urlsq Surr'ro11o; aq1

saruaraJard alls salradsrolurlpul lsaro{ rIErrEI uraq}nos

IA xlpuaddy

Appendix VI

Agonis hypericifoliaSandy gravels or sands in higher rainfall areas withdrainage slightly better than A. parviceps sites.

Agonis lineait'oliaCreek banks and valley bottoms, generally on loamysoils. Associated with fresh ground water.

Agonis paraicepsAny soil type with impeded drainage but verycommon on sands over clay or rock or gravelly soilsover concreted laterites. Not generally present inlow rahfall areas.

AlIo cn s uar in a de cu s s a t aSandy or loamy sand surfaced soils in high rainfallareas, frequently seasonally wet.

AIIo ca suar in a fr a s er i anaDrier sands, frequently with laterrte.

Allotasuarina humilisLower rainfall areas with shallow soil layerfrequently over laterite and often seasonally wet orwaterlogged (subject to heary grazing).

Anarthria proliferaOpen forest on moist sandy soils

Anarthria scabraSands in moderate to high rainfall areas on dampthtough to wet sites.

Anigozanthos flaaidusFavoured by disturbance, generally on sands orsandy loams in moister situations.

Astlolotna ciliatufiGravelly sandy loams in moderate to low rainfallareas with better fertility.

Astroloma pallidumGravelly sandy loams in low to moderate rainfallareas on drier sites.

Banksia attenuatsDeep sands - a species of lirnited distribution insuwey area (more common in coastal areas).

Bankia grandisThroughout area but lower numbers in karri loamsand wandoo sites and higher numbers in gravels ormoderate rainfall sandy loams.

Banksia ilicifoliaDamp sands on slopes, and sands in drainage linesbut not gravelly soils.

Banksia littoralisSwampy or poorly drained sites.

Beaufortia sparsaDamp humic sands.

B illar di e r a f lor ib u ndaBetter fertility, sandy loams.

Boronia gracilipesHigher rainfall areas, sandy loam surface less welldrained, duplex soils.

Boronia spathulataSandy or sandy loam surface, less well drained siteswith shallow clayey subsoil in all rainfall areas.

Bossiaea laidlawianaMedium to higher rainfall areas on moist sites withsandy loam surface and reasonable drai.nage andfertility.

Bossinea linophyllaWidespread in low to medium rainfall areas onsands or gravelly sandy loams with reasonabledrainage but lower fertility.

Bossinea ornataCommon in drier sites on ridges and well drainedslopes.

Chorizema ilicifoliumLarger flowered form in karri types on more fertilesandy or sandy loam surfaced soils, sometimesseasonally wet. Jarrah forests form in mediumrainfall areas on more fertile gravelly sandy loams.

Clematis pubescensNot usually found on very dry, infertile or poorlydrained sites. Abundance of plants increases withfertiJity and moisture availability

69

'sa1rs paurerp ,{good ro sla,rer8 ,{,rear1'sal-ualpl uo Jou 'seaJe

leNrer g8rq ol urnlpa] IstutolDun atl,LaqqlH

'qros dpuesuo ro sParP IIeJureJ JaMol ur uorlnq.rJlslp lIruII r{)ll{1vlsluarua4nbar alnlsrour aldure pue a8eulerp poo8r{lpl surPol dpu€s uo sear? IIEJuTET r13rq o1 urnrpapl

vua wolduot mB taquap n14

.SIIOS

paJnlxal .ral^ear{ ql-r/vl sal-rs 1a,r,r lleuosras 1srotr41

alalnpun uapH

'spos dpues qq.trolad qlr.t sadoysra^/rol uo dlleraua€ 'sEaJ€ IIEJuTEJ runlparu o1 1l^o'I

blloJnsu a pH

'allralPI

lo lep raao dlensn qlos .\4.ol1eqs ta,lr dleuoseagapt1sotd uyay

'arnlsroru aldure qlyn sureol lpues

parne:p 1a,."r daap uo sEare II€JurEr qSrq o1 urnrpayq

ulloJlalo uqaH

'sparp JarJp aql Jo qros dla,rer8'apua1 arour

dlqrssod ',radaap ur uourluo) aloru lnq searp lsoru uI

oqdtnosst a luH

'saJE Jns rueol

dpues r{ll,r,t sar.uq 1e pa33o1.ralp^{ 'salrs 3urraq1e3Jalr:,lr uo dleraua8 'seare

IIeJuIeJ q3rq o1 unrpaytr

saplo\luusal aapH

'salls

alpJal aJoru pue paul€Jp ga.n uo lueurdopAap lsog*lnnnaldun mry11

'seare 1e;qer q8ru ur sadols dlaaergatloluanb aalyaatg

'qaael9 A.ueo1 pue sllos paJeJrnsdr.ueol ,+roJleqs uo seale II€Jul€J q8rq pue urnrpayl

srdsnlaa tq aa1yaat1

'q1os are;rns ,(1a,rer8 uo seare 1e;u1EJ runrpatr lwn4tao wmqolot1dtuog

'eare aql ul qros alr$al aJou '.ry\ollEqs

dleraua3 'lep ra,ro aJetJns rueol ro rueol dpues

rlll^ sadols ra-&\ol pue s.roog da1e,r ear€ IIelul"J.4to'loopurm snldfrptn1

'sdep lrreaq uo ,,(Felnlrped sas,rnolrale,u3uo1e ,ro spar€ IIEJurel Ja,llol ur sdrue,us u1

*pnt snldliptnX

'suedp.req rlue8ro rlll^ d eraua8 seaJe

leyurer raq8rq ur sleg dpues 1a.tr LraA uo punoJ saa4

rood sru€o] dpues dla,rer8 asJpoJ uo punoJ saaJtrarood arnlsroru aldure qlr,u sureol dpues paurerp

IIaI{ uO SeaJ€ II"Jur€.r runrparu ul punol saall pooD

sualrd snldfrptng

'spar€ IIeJuIer ra.^ ol luoJj luasqv 'sarqn8 yo speaq ur

uago slos a;egns llaaer8 ro dpues paulerp dyroo4

tdtucaBaw sn1dfr1nn7

'osle s€al€ IletureJ Ja.^ ol u'l sJaqurnua8rel 1nq searc IIeJur€J aleraporu pue ;aqSrqur sllos paulerp IIaM alrual ssal uo luarudola.tap lsag

uquutBtuw snldliptnX

t**rra"t"rr::::::ff::r:f;;E

'salls lsa a.4{ Jo lsalJp luorJ

luasqe dlpnpu 1nq spues dueol uo Jo seale IJpJureJq8rq ur qros xaldnp uo luarudola,lap urnunxe1 {

q1fi4do1at snqd/i1atnX

'q]os palnlxal Jariearl r,{lr.^^ salrspaurerp dl.rood uado uo padola,rap lsaq 'spaJ€

IIp uImaruupuafuq

'sa1rs dla,rer8 paureJp IIa,!L uo seare IIpJurpJ ./rol uIrp1{yauu1fiq rtpuafuq

'sare;rns dpues g11.tr spos dalep 1arvr. dleuoseas'sllos paulpJp dpood 'Surure8 Jale^ ^roII€rIs

sn r plt r puo t q uoB od lisaq

'salls uJBur/IJJe)I

uo ro (salrs grel rarood; qros xaldnp uo'sEaJE

IIEJuTeJ raq8rg ur sa)BJJns rueol

alolusn8un

1r1 xlpuaddy

Appendix VI

Hibbertia glaberrimaAll areas on grey sandy lateritic gravels.

H omalo sp e r m um t'ir mum (3y n Lepto spermum)Wet sites often with surface water in winter.

Hoaea chorizemifoli.aAll areas on lateritic gravels.

Houea ellipticaOn all except poorly drained sites in heavy rainfalland not on dry sites in medium rainfall. Bestdevelopment on fertile well drained soils.

Hy p o caly m ma a n g u s t i f oI iu mIn medium to low rainfall areas on poorly drainedsites with sandy loam surfaces.

Hypocdymma robustumScarp area only on moist sandy gravels.

I s o p o go n sp ha er o c ep ha I u sMedium to hear.y rainfall areas on sandy gravels.

lohnsonia lupulinaSandy surface soils in medium to high rainfall areas.

Kingia australisMedium to high rainfall areas on sandy surfacepoorly drained soils, generally seasonally wetbecause of shallow clay or hard pan.

I-a s iop et a I um f Io r ib undumMoist sites in medium to high rainfall areas,generally on sandy soils in the jarrah forest.

Lep ido s p er ma an gu s t n tumMoist upland sandy soils.

Le p t o mer ia c u n nin gh amiiSandy loam uplands in medium rainfall areas.

Leucopogon australisSandy surface watergaining sites, but generally notwaterlogged.

kucopogon concinnusSandy loam or loamy surface often seasonally wet orhigh rainfall areas.

Leucopogon oboaatus (Syn. L. revolutus)Wet sandy soils.

Leucopogon propinquusSandy loam with reasonable fertility and moisture.

Leucopo gon pulchellusSandy or loamy surface in medium to low rainfallareas, shallow soils over granite or clay.

Leu c o p o go n zt e r t i c iII at u sReasonably fertile and moist soils in all areas,reaches best development in higher rainfall, welldrained duplex soils.

Logania aaginalisMedium and higher rainfall, more fertile types ofsandy loam surface soils.

Loxocarya fasciculataMore open sites, often seasonally wet.

Loxocarya flexuosaMore open moister sites.

Mauozamin riedleiFound throughout, but rare on dry laterites or inheary undergrowth on fertile, better sites.Maximum numbers on deeper sandy profiles inbetter rainfall areas.

Melaleuca preissianaWidespread on swampy clayey soils or swampysands.

Melaleuca thymoidrsOn grey sands except flats where sandy surface soilis frequently humic.

Melaleuca uimineaLower rainfall areas on seasonally swampy shallowsoils over laterite.

Mirbelia dilatataOn sandy loam soils in moist sites.

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