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Instituto de Telecomunicaes

Annual Report

2002

March 2003

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Annual Report 2002

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Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................1

1.1 History..........................................................................................1 1.2 Management..................................................................................1 1.3 Highlights of 2002 .......................................................................... 2

2 KEY it INDICATORS ...........................................................................5

2.1 Human Resources...........................................................................5

2.2

Projects.........................................................................................5

2.3 Publications ................................................................................... 6

3 FINANCIAL OUTLINE .........................................................................7

4 RESEARCH AREAS..............................................................................9

4.1 Wireless Communications................................................................9 4.1.1 Area Coordinators .............................................................................. 9 4.1.2 Human Resources .............................................................................. 9 4.1.3 Summary of Research Achievements .................................................. 12 4.1.4 Running Projects.............................................................................. 18

4.1.5 Running and Concluded Theses ......................................................... 26 4.1.6 Publications in 2002 ......................................................................... 31 4.1.7 Other Achievements in 2002 ............................................................. 37 4.1.8 Other Contributions in 2002 .............................................................. 38

4.2 Optical Communications ................................................................ 40 4.2.1 Area Coordinators ............................................................................ 40 4.2.2 Human Resources ............................................................................ 40 4.2.3 Summary of Research Achievements .................................................. 42 4.2.4 Running Projects.............................................................................. 44 4.2.5 Running and Concluded Theses ......................................................... 46 4.2.6 Publications in 2002 ......................................................................... 48 4.2.7 Other Achievements in 2002 ............................................................. 53 4.2.8 Other Contributions in 2002 .............................................................. 54

4.3 Networks and Multimedia .............................................................. 55 4.3.1 Area Coordinators ............................................................................ 55 4.3.2 Human Resources ............................................................................ 55 4.3.3 Summary of Research Achievements .................................................. 58 4.3.4 Running Projects.............................................................................. 62 4.3.5 Running and Concluded Theses ......................................................... 66 4.3.6 Publications in 2002 ......................................................................... 69 4.3.7 Other Achievements in 2002 ............................................................. 76 4.3.8 Other Contributions in 2002 .............................................................. 76

4.4 Basic Sciences and Enabling Technologies .......................................79 4.4.1 Area Coordinators ............................................................................ 79 4.4.2 Human Resources ............................................................................ 79

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4.4.3 Summary of Research Achievements .................................................. 81 4.4.4 Running Projects.............................................................................. 84 4.4.5 Running and Concluded Theses ......................................................... 86 4.4.6 Publications in 2002 ......................................................................... 90 4.4.7 Other Achievements in 2002 ............................................................. 95 4.4.8 Other Contributions in 2002 .............................................................. 95

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Annual Report 2002

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List of Tables

Table 1 Backtrack of number of active projects in it , according to type of

funding. .............................................................................................. 3 Table 2 - Foreseen and achieved scientific output in 2002................................4 Table 3 Current it human resources. ..........................................................5 Table 4 Number of active projects in 2002, according to funding source. ........6 Table 5 Number of published works in 2002. ...............................................6 Table 6 Total operational income in 2002....................................................7

Table 7 List of major income sources during 2002........................................7 Table 8 List of Major Costs in 2002. ..........................................................7

Table 9 - Main asset changes in 2002............................................................8 Table 10 Overview of human resources in the Wireless Communications Area. 9 Table 11 Permanent collaborators working in the Wireless Communications

Area. ................................................................................................ 11 Table 12 Non-permanent collaborators working in the Wireless Communications

Area. ................................................................................................ 12 Table 13 Number of active projects in the Wireless Communications Area in

2002................................................................................................. 18 Table 14 List of Final Year Projects running in the Wireless Communications

Area during 2002. .............................................................................. 28 Table 15 - List of MSc Theses running in the Wireless Communications Area

during 2002....................................................................................... 30 Table 16 - List of PhD Theses running in the Wireless Communications Area

during 2002....................................................................................... 31 Table 17 - Overview of human resources in the Optical Communications Area.. 40

Table 18 Permanent Collaborators working in the Optical Communications Area........................................................................................................ 41

Table 19 Non-Permanent Collaborators working in the Optical CommunicationsArea ................................................................................................. 41

Table 20 Number of active projects in the Optical Communications Area during2002................................................................................................. 44

Table 21 List of Final Year Projects running in the Optical Communications Areaduring 2002....................................................................................... 47

Table 22 - List of MSc Theses running in the Optical Communications Area during2002................................................................................................. 47

Table 23 List of PhD Theses running in the Optical Communications Area during2002................................................................................................. 48

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Table 24 Overview of Human Resources in the Networks and Multimedia Area........................................................................................................ 55

Table 25 Permanent Collaborators working in the Networks and MultimediaArea in 2002...................................................................................... 57

Table 26 Non-Permanent Collaborators working in the Networks andMultimedia Area in 2002...................................................................... 58 Table 27 Number of active projects in the Networks and Multimedia Area in

2002................................................................................................. 62 Table 28 List of Final Year Projects running in the Networks and Multimedia

Area during 2002 ............................................................................... 67

Table 29 - List of MSc Theses running in the Networks and Multimedia Areaduring 2002....................................................................................... 69

Table 30 - List of PhD Theses running in the Networks and Multimedia Areaduring 2002....................................................................................... 69

Table 31 - Overview of the Human Resources in the Basic Sciences and EnablingTechnologies Area .............................................................................. 79

Table 32 Permanent Collaborators working in the Basic Sciences and EnablingTechnologies Area .............................................................................. 81

Table 33 Non-Permanent Collaborators working in the Basic Sciences andEnabling Technologies Area ................................................................. 81

Table 34 Number of active projects running in the Basic Sciences and EnablingTechnologies Area .............................................................................. 84

Table 35 List of Final Year Projects running in the Basic Sciences and EnablingTechnologies Area during 2002 ............................................................ 88

Table 36 - List of MSc Theses running in the Basic Sciences and EnablingTechnologies Area during 2002 ............................................................ 89

Table 37 - List of PhD Theses running in the Basic Sciences and EnablingTechnologies Area during 2002 ............................................................ 90

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Annual Report 2002 - Introduction

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 History Instituto de Telecomunicaes ( it ) is a private, not-for-profit organisation, an asso-

ciation of four institutions with experience and traditions in research and development inthe field of Telecommunications:

Instituto Superior Tcnico (IST); Universidade de Aveiro (UA); Faculdade de Cincias e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra (FCTUC); "Portugal Telecom Inovao", (PTIn), ex. "Centro de Estudos de Telecomunicaes"

(CET), the research unit of the incumbent telecommunications operator PortugalTelecom (PT).

it is organised around three sites: one in Aveiro, in the University Campus, another inCoimbra, in Pole II of the University of Coimbra and the third one in Lisbon, in IntitutoSuperior Tcnico. An external laboratory is functioning in Covilh, in the University ofBeira InteriorSetting up of it was the result of a 1.5 billion escudos (about 7.5 million Euros) grantfrom Programme CINCIA, through three contracts signed in 1991. This investmentenabled new infrastructures to be built and research laboratories to be equipped at eachsite.Installation was concluded in Aveiro in 1993 and in Lisbon and Coimbra in 1994. Since1995 it activities proceed regularly. Key developments in 2002 are sketched below

leaving the details for the report of the scientific areas.

1.2 Managementit is managed by an Executive Board, and by site management boards, which include thesite members of the Executive Board. Site management boards enjoy ample freedom todeal with current affairs. The Executive Board and site management boards meet at leastonce a month.it scientific activities are overseen by the Scientific Board, which meets twice a year tocomment on the Work Plan and Budget, on the Annual Report and on any other subjectput forward by the Executive Board. The Work Plan with the Budget and the Annual

Report and Accounts (after legal certification) are subsequently submitted to the GeneralAssembly for approval.it Work Plan and the Annual Report are discussed with the Advisory Committee.During 2001 the following management meetings were held:

Two meetings of the General Assembly one on the 2 nd of April, in Coimbra, toapprove the 2001 Annual Report, the it regulation on Industrial Property Rightsand the opening of an it delegation at the University of Beira Interior (in Covilh),and another on the 20 th of December, in Lisbon, to approve the Plan and Budgetfor 2003 and to discuss a proposal for the new it statutes;

Twelve monthly meetings of the Executive Board and site management boards;

One meeting with the Advisory Committee, formed by three independent experts inthe field of Telecommunications (Dr. Roland Hber, Prof. John OReilly and Prof.

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Martin Tomlinson) acting in a personal capacity who, from the 23 rd to the 25 th ofOctober, visited the Aveiro and Lisbon sites, carried out a detailed survey of it activities during 2001 (and in the first semester of 2002) and proposals for 2003,and issued recommendations for future activities;

Two meetings of the Scientific Board, one on the 15 th of March, in Aveiro, to discuss

the 2001 Annual Report, and another on the 19th

of November, in Coimbra (S.Marcos), to discuss the Plan and Budget for 2003, to be submitted to the GeneralAssembly;

Two meetings with the coordinators of the scientific areas, the first on the 15 th ofFebruary, in Vila Franca de Xira, to prepare a joint it response to the Call forProposals issued by FCT for laboratory equipment and to decide on the terms of apublic call for technicians and post-doctoral fellowships, following the AssociateLaboratory contract, and the second on the 27 th of September, also in Vila Francade Xira to prepare the medium term plan and the visit of the Advisory Committee;

One meeting with the coordinators of the scientific areas, on the 15 th of November,at Foz do Arelho, to evaluate the proposals for post-doctoral fellowships.

The internal reorganization, decided in 2001, was fully implemented during 2002, and itsconsequences, namely at the Advisory Board meeting, were already being felt andpositively commented on.

1.3 Highlights of 2002

In the R&D scene 2002 may best be described as a year of contrasts: in the first quarter(too) high expectations, in the second quarter concerns and finally uncertainty anddelusions.The high hope period started, in November 2001, when it was awarded the statute ofAssociate Laboratory. It was followed with a major call for proposals for equipment, seenas a (unique) opportunity to replace equipment acquired in 1992 and 1993, under theCINCIA programme, which is approaching or has already reached the end of its usefullife. High hopes were further raised by a call for proposals for a New Research Networkwhich should provide a much required bandwidth increase, nowadays an essential toolnot only for R&D in itself but also for achieving the full potential provided by theintegration of competences and skills of a multi site research institute such as it .Concern begun with the government need to reduce the budget deficit that lead touncertainty in previously announced initiatives (and investment plans) and subsequentdelays in contract payments.This last point should be underlined since it explains the apparent unbalance in the 2002accounts. By the year end FCT was in arrears with 560 k, of which 211 k correspond toconcluded PRAXIS projects, 140 k to the basic funding for the second semester of 2002and 209 k to the Associate Laboratory additional funding for the second semester of2002. Such delays in payment, which have not been solved by the time the report isbeing written (March 2003), had a negative influence on it expectations and plans for2003. Since only two technicians (instead of three) and two post-doctoral fellows(instead of four) were admitted in 2002.Further concerns relate to the outcome of the call for proposals for equipment and for the

New Research Network which may well be doomed, seriously jeopardizing it laboratorycapabilities.

it opened an external Laboratory in Covilh, in the premises of the University of BeiraInterior. With this delegation, managed by the Coimbra site, it extended its operations to

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Annual Report 2002 - Introduction

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one of the less favoured regions in Portugal and increased its human resources, in thearea of Networks and Multimedia.it submitted 10 proposals to a call issue closed on the 27th of May 2002. However thefate of these proposals is still unknown.During 2002, 49 nationally funded and 15 internationally projects were active, including:

28 projects funded by FCT; 8 projects funded by Portugal Telecom Inovao; 2 projects funded by the Portuguese Navy; 3 projects funded by ICP/ANACOM; 7 projects funded by the Commission of the European Union; 1 project funded by ESA; 1 project funded by VODAFONE; 4 COST actions.

Year NationallyfundedInternationally

funded1996 39 181997 39 181998 47 201999 37 142000 60 172001 53 122002 49 15

Table 1 Backtrack of number of active projects in it , according to type of funding.

As in previous years, involvement of it researchers in European Commission fundedprojects were carried out, almost without exception, through it associates due to the

current rules for participation.it , together with IEEE, hosted the 13 th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoorand Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2002) which was held in Pavilho Atlntico, inLisbon, and which attracted more than 700 participants and during which more than 500papers were accepted.In 2002 it was awarded patent number 102 871.To reflect it 2002 activity some tangible objectives were defined in the Work Programmeand Budget for 2001.

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Graduate and post-graduateactivities:

Foreseen Achieved

Final Year Projects Reports 50 24MSc Thesis 20 17

PhD Thesis 12 6

Publications: Foreseen AchievedBooks and Book Chapters 10 23

Papers in Journals 60 63

Papers in Conference Proceedings 280 163

Table 2 - Foreseen and achieved scientific output in 2002.

The decrease in the number of papers submitted to conferences is somewhatdisappointing but, in this regard, it should be noted that in 2002 there was no Conftele,which usually accounts for a fair share of the number of papers in conferences.To partly compensate for the low numbers of papers in conferences we note that thenumber of books and book chapters, most published abroad, has increased sharply.Although the number of concluded theses is below the expected value, we note that atthe time of writing, a significant number of theses has already been concluded orsubmitted.

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Annual Report 2002 Key it indicators

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2 KEY it INDICATORS

2.1 Human Resources

Position Aveiro Coimbra Lisbon Total

Full Professor 5 3 6 14

Associate Professor 6 6 19 31

Assistant Professor 12 10 29 51

Post. Doc. 2 0 2 4

Coordinator Professor 0 2 2 4

Assistant Lecturer 3 19 2 24PhD Student 22 8 33 63

MSc Student 24 9 26 59

Licenciado 17 3 7 27

TOTAL 91 60 126 277

Table 3 Current it human resources.

2.2 Projects

Funding Agency Number

AdI 2

CRUP 1

EID 1

ESA 1

EU 3

EU, IST Programme 7

FCT/PNAT 1

FCT/POCTI 7

FCT/POSI 20

FEDER, PRAI-Centro. 1

ICCTI / GRICES 1

ICEP 1

ICP/ANACOM 3

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Not funded 3

Portuguese Navy 2

PT Inovao 8

UK Radiocommunications Agency 1

VODAFONE 1

Table 4 Number of active projects in 2002, according to funding source.

2.3 Publications

Books Journ. Confer. MScTheses

PhDTheses

TFC

23 63 163 17 6 24

"Books" - Fully authored books, Edited books, and book chapter contributions."Journals" - Papers in International refereed journals."Conferences" - Communications in International and National refereed conferences."MSc and PhD Thesis" - Concluded dissertations."TFC" - Concluded student Final Year Projects.

Table 5 Number of published works in 2002.

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Annual Report 2002 Financial Outline

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3 FINANCIAL OUTLINE

Operational income during 2002 totalled 1,215 k, distributed as indicated in Table 6,and detailed in Table 7. Costs in 2002 totalled 1,594 k, as indicated in Table 8. Mainasset changes in 2002 are listed in Table 9.

Sources of Income Amount [k]Services to third parties 438.0

Subsidies 598.0

Other 179.0TOTAL 1,215.0

Table 6 Total operational income in 2002.

Major clients of services Amount [k]

PT Inovao 219.0

Portuguese Navy 119.0

Main sources of subsidies Amount [k]Fundao para a Cincia e a Tecnologia 415.0

Comission of the European Communities 70.0

European Space Agency 63.0

Table 7 List of major income sources during 2002.

Costs Amount [k]Staff 269.0

Management costs 13.0

Scholarships 303.0

Missions 298.0

Books and journals 41.0

Consumables 108.0

Structural costs 285.0

Table 8 List of Major Costs in 2002.

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Assets Amount [k]Increase in tangible assets 198.0

Depreciation 184.0

Technical and Scientific Equipment 172.0Table 9 - Main asset changes in 2002.

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Annual Report 2002 Wireless Communications

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4 RESEARCH AREAS

4.1 Wireless Communications

4.1.1 Area Coordinators Carlos Cardoso Fernandes Jos Carlos Pedro

4.1.2 Human Resources

4.1.2.1 OVERVIEW

Degree Aveiro Coimbra Lisboa

Full Professor 1 6

Associate Professor 3 8

Assistant Professor 4 1 14

Assistant Lecturer 2 1

PhD Student 9 1 19

MSc Student 6 9

Licenciado 6 5

TOTAL 31 2 62

Table 10 Overview of human resources in the Wireless Communications Area.

4.1.2.2 PERMANENT COLLABORATORS

Name Degree Position GroupAfonso Barbosa Agregao Full Professor RMOM - Lx

Augusto Albuquerque Agregao Full Professor RCS

Carlos Salema Agregao Full Professor Image

Jos Epifnio Franca Agregao Full Professor ICS - Lx

Jos Leito Agregao Full Professor CTRP

Jos Neves Agregao Full Professor RMOM - Av

Mrio Lana Agregao Full Professor RMOM - Lx

Carlos Cardoso Fernandes Agregao Associate Professor RMOM - Lx

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Joo Costa Freire Agregao Associate Professor RMOM - Lx

Jos Carlos Pedro Agregao Associate Professor RMOM - Av

Lus M. Correia Agregao Associate Professor RMOM - Lx

Amrico Correia PhD Associate Professor RCS

Antnio Alves Moreira PhD Associate Professor RMOM Lx

Antnio Navarro PhD Assistant Professor RMOM Av

Antnio Rodrigues PhD Assistant Professor RCS

Antnio Topa PhD Assistant Professor RMOM Lx

Armando Rocha PhD Assistant Professor RMOM Av

Carlos Leme PhD Assistant Professor ICS Lx

Carlos Paiva PhD Associate Professor RMOM Lx

Carlos S da Costa PhD Associate Professor RCSCustdio Peixeiro PhD Assistant Professor RMOM Lx

Fernando Fortes PhD Assistant Professor RMOM Lx

Fernando J. Velez PhD Assistant Professor RCS

Fernando Nunes PhD Assistant Professor CTRP

Francisco Cercas PhD Associate Professor RCS

Joo Nuno Matos PhD Associate Professor RMOM - Av

Joo Vaz PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Lx

Joo Vital PhD Assistant Professor ICS - Lx

Jorge Pereira PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Lx

Jorge Rodrigues da Costa PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Lx

Jos Bioucas Dias PhD Assistant Professor CTRP

Jos Joaquim Fernandes PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Av

Jos Rocha Pereira PhD Associate Professor RMOM - Av

Maria Joo Rosrio PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Lx

Nuno Carvalho PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - AvPedro Santos PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Lx

Rafael Caldeirinha PhD Assistant Professor OC - Co

Ado Silva MSc PhD Student RMOM - Av

Filipe Cardoso MSc PhD Student RMOM - Lx

Francisco Monteiro MSc PhD Student RCS

Joo Gil MSc PhD Student RMOM - Lx

Paulo Marques MSc PhD Student CTRP

Victor Santos MSc PhD Student RMOM - Av

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Antnio Serrador Licenc. MSc Student RMOM - Lx

Brbara Coelho Gabriel Licenc. MSc Student RMOM - Av

Jorge Sebastio Silva Licenc. Licenciado RMOM - Lx

Jos Garcia Licenc. Assistant Lecturer RMOM - Av

Jos Lino Teixeira Licenc. Assistant Lecturer RMOM - Av

Mrio Rui dos Santos Licenc. Licenciado RMOM - Av

Mrio Silveirinha Licenc. PhD Student OC - Co

Valdemar Monteiro Licenc. Licenciado RMOM - Av

Alexandre Passos de Almeida Licenc. PhD Student RCS

Fernando de Sousa Licenc. PhD Student CTRP

Fernando Tim Tim Janeiro Licenc. PHd Student RMOM - Lx

Francisco Sena da Silva Licenc. PhD Student CTRPJorge Paulo Torres Licenc. PhD Student RMOM - Lx

Jos Sanguino Licenc. PhD Student CTRP

Lus Carlos Gonalves Licenc. PhD Student RMOM - Av

Manuel Barros Licenc. PhD Student ICS - Lx

Manuel Dinis Licenc. PhD Student RMOM - Av

Table 11 Permanent collaborators working in the Wireless Communications Area.

4.1.2.3 OTHER COLLABORATORS

Name Degree Position GroupFernando Santos Azevedo MSc PhD Student RMOM - Lx

Henrique Jos da Silva MSc PhD Student RMOM - Lx

Henrique Quaresma Licenc. PhD Student RMOM - Lx

Joo Carlos Silva Licenc. PhD Student RCSJoo Eira Licenc. PhD Student RCS

Joo Tavares Licenc. PhD Student RMOM - Av

Jos Nascimento MSc PhD Student CTRP

Mrio Marques Silva Licenc. PhD Student RCS

Nuno Souto Licenc. PhD Student RCS

Pedro Amaro Sebastio Licenc. PhD Student RCS

Pedro Cabral Licenc. PhD Student RMOM - Av

Pedro Miguel Lavrador Licenc. PhD Student RMOM - Av

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Pedro Pinho MSc PhD Student RMOM - Av

Susana Mota Licenc. PhD Student RMOM - Av

Ana Filipa Freitas Licenc. MSc Student RCS

Conceio Dias Licenc. MSc Student RMOM - Lx

Cristina Reis Licenc. MSc Student RMOM - Lx

Fred Niemela Licenc. MSc Student RMOM - Av

Gonalo Carvalho Licenc. MSc Student RMOM - Lx

Henrique Cunha Licenc MSc Student RCS

Joo Paulo Madaleno Licenc. MSc Student RMOM - Av

Joo Paulo Martins Licenc. MSc Student RMOM - Av

Joaquim Oliveira Licenc. MSc Student RMOM - Lx

Jorge Aguiar Licenc. MSc Student RMOM - LxKristian Starhed Licenc. MSc Student RMOM - Av

Mehdi Rostami Licenc. MSc Student RMOM - Av

Nuno Cota Licenc. MSc Student RCS

Pedro Cristiano Brs Licenc. MSc Student RMOM - Lx

Pedro Vieira Licenc. MSc Student RCS

Carla Oliveira Licenc. Licenciado RMOM - Lx

Gonalo Carpinteiro Licenc. Licenciado RMOM - Lx

Joo Angeja Licenc. Licenciado RMOM - Av

Jorge Venes Licenc. Licenciado RMOM - Lx

Lcio Ferreira Licenc. Licenciado RMOM - Lx

Lus Carvalho Licenc. Licenciado RMOM - Av

Ricardo Matos Abreu Licenc. Licenciado RMOM - Av

Rui Rodrigues Licenc. Licenciado RMOM - Av

Table 12 Non-permanent collaborators working in the Wireless Communications Area.

4.1.3 Summary of Research Achievements

Research work in the Wireless Communications Scientific Area of it covers the mainaspects related to the air interface in wireless communications and supportinghardware/software. Activities fall within the following five general topics:

- Antenna Analysis and Design;- Physical Modelling and Wave Propagation Characterisation;- Wireless Circuits and Devices;- Transmission and Reception Systems;- System Planning and Resource Management.

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4.1.3.1 ANTENNA ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Work on antennas may be grouped under two main topics: personal small-terminalantennas for frequencies below 6 GHz, and millimetre wave antennas for 4 th generation

mobile communications and for space applications. The first topic falls within theEuropean funded FLOWS project, and the second topic falls within the FCT/POSI fundedILENA project.New antennas were developed for integration into future personal multi-mode multi-antenna communications terminals. New configurations were proposed both for triple-band operation and for ultra-wideband operation, giving consideration to physicalconstrains posed by terminal integration requirements. Printed antenna technology wasused for both type of antenna specifications: single patch single feed elements with slots,and integrated three patches with three feeds have been considered for the triple-banddesign; single-arm spiral antennas with reduced ground plane that do not require aBALUN circuit was used for the 3:1 bandwidth antenna design. Antenna prototypes werefabricated and successfully tested in anechoic chamber environment, proving its

simultaneous compatibility with GSM, UMTS, Bluetooth/IEEE 802.11b and HiperLAN2services. The antenna development work was complemented with a systematic study ofantenna array configurations for different mobile terminal types such as handsets,palmtops, PDAs and PC notebooks, having in mind possible operation of these terminalsaccording to MIMO concept.Activity on millimetre wave dielectric antennas was focused on the integration of lenseswith printed feed elements, covering aspects related to the numerical characterisation ofembedded feeds, and aspects related to antenna fabrication. The printed antennas weredesigned with the help of commercial electromagnetic CAD simulation tools, and usingspecific software based on FDTD method that was developed within it . As for lensfabrication, a moulding technique was tested with promising results. The fabrication ofpreviously developed double lens configurations was evaluated in view of this mouldingfabrication technique. Furthermore, important developments were obtained on artificialdielectric lenses. This concept was explored to obtain planar integrated lenses, and someexamples of these lenses were designed and evaluated numerically.In parallel with these activities, the millimetre wave anechoic chamber is being up-graded in the framework of the FCT/POCTI funded Project COMPACT to integrate newhardware, and to develop new control software that integrates upgraded measurementcapabilities.

4.1.3.2 PHYSICAL MODELLING AND WAVE PROPAGATION CHARACTERIZATION

Work in this sub-area addresses both guided-wave and non-guided wave phenomenacharacterization which includes radiowave propagation modeling.

Electromagnetics of Complex Media

One very strong work topic is related to electromagnetics of complex media: artificialmaterials obtained by random or periodic inclusion of metallic or dielectric particles into ahost dielectric media to obtain unconventional electromagnetic properties not commonlyfound in natural materials. Performed work includes both characterization of the mediaitself (including the relation between inclusion shape and periodicity, with materialmacroscopic electromagnetic behavior), and wave propagation in guided wave structuresusing these type of materials.Artificial dielectrics with periodic lattice were characterized both in the low frequency limit(where homogenization techniques were used to obtain its macroscopic electromagneticproperties), and for arbitrary frequency to characterize its band-gap filtering

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characteristics. New techniques were developed in both cases for very efficientcomputation of these materials characteristics, one of which was awarded a 3 rd placeprize in the Student Paper Contest of IEEE AP-S/URSI Symposium, USA. The low-frequency limit characterization of artificial dielectrics is of interest for the planar lenstopic described in section 4.1.3.1. Also with the lens topic motivation, some work wascarried also on the radiation of elementary sources in unbounded media with periodicinclusions.Complex media is also of interest in the design of new waveguide components formicrowave and millimeter-wave devices. Work pursued on characterisation of dispersion,guidance and leakage properties in open 3-dimensional planar chiral and pseudochiral(omega) waveguides, and in chiral optical fibres. The work in this topic has shown that,even when the core is achiral, semi-leaky modes can also propagate in dielectric planarchirowaveguides as well as in optical fibres as long as the cladding is a chiral medium.Some attention was also devoted to the analysis of propagation features of planarstructures involving metamaterial slabs (artificial materials characterized by negativepermittivity and negative permeability).

Propagation in Optical Fibers

Work was done on soliton dynamics in dispersion-varying compensating fibers. Theobjective was the analysis of new transmission schemes where the normal dispersioncompensating fiber (DCF) is replaced by dispersion-varying compensating fibre (DVCF)with decreasing or increasing dispersion profiles. In the framework of projectTRANSPARENT, it was shown that the dynamic behavior of soliton pulses in such systemsmay produce a performance improvement for specific profiles. Analytical and simulationstudies will follow, in order to identify the best dispersion profiles for DVCFs and ageneralization of the procedure to be applied in different dispersion maps.

Radiowave Propagation Modelling

Activities span over two main sub-topics:- Propagation in complex environments (propagation through walls, microwave and

millimetre wave propagation in indoor and urban mobile communicationsscenarios, and propagation through vegetation);

- Microwave radio links (land and satellite).

A new technique was developed and new results were obtained for the quantified relationbetween building wall penetration loss and aperture (window) dimensions in land mobilecommunication scenarios (GSM and UMTS). Results from the theoretical model werevalidated against experimental results obtained from a scaled model at millimetre waves.A window-gain parameter was introduced, and a user-friendly tool was developed forinstant estimation of window effects through this parameter.

Also statistical models were developed for signal attenuation from building penetrationfor GSM 900 and 1800 as well as UMTS, based on the results of an extensivemeasurement campaign.In the framework of mobile directional channel characterization a few field measurementswere made using a channel sounder. The measured data was explored by the SAGEalgorithm to retrieve ray parameters. Some studies were developed to gain a betterunderstanding of the method limitations and to get best results for ray parametersretrieval in real scenarios.Relationships were established between adaptive antennas beamformimg and widebanddirectional channel models for several scenarios in micro- and macro-cells;

With respect to millimetre wave mobile communications, work was focused onexperimental Channel Impulse Response (CIR) characterisation of indoor scenarios at 40GHz. Measurements were carried out in a wide indoor sports pavilion, and in a office

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meeting room. CIR was calculated from spectral analysis of measured frequency domainresults obtained with the millimetre-wave front-end and other equipment developed forthe ACTS-SAMBA project Trial Platform. These CIRs and power delay profiles werecompared against those obtained from a raytracing-based prediction tool.Models were developed for fading characterization in broadband systems, enabling an

accurate estimation of fading margins for several environments; Propagation through vegetation was also a strong area of research. Work continued onthe characterisation of absorption, scatter and depolarisation of the incident microwaveand millimetre wave signals by vegetation media. Members of it participated in a UKConsortium, together with Rutherford Appleton Laboratories (RAL), Universities ofGlamorgan and Portsmouth, and QinetiQ, to perform an extensive programme ofmeasurements aimed at the establishment of a narrow band prediction model forpropagation through vegetation. Work also pursued on the development of a wideband(1-60 GHz) propagation model more suited for the characterization of high data ratewireless services influenced by vegetation as in sub-urban or rural areas. Research iscontinuing also on the development of a Discrete Radiative Energy Transfer genericmodel for non-homogeneous random vegetation media, drawing on the relations

between its parameters and vegetation species.On Earth-Satellite propagation studies, the main effort was devoted to the design,development and testing of a microwave dual channel beacon receiver. The workcomprised an antenna feed for circular polarization and all the microwave circuitry. Theimplementation of beacon amplitude and relative phase detector was based in digitalsignal processing techniques. The target studies will be: - Attenuation and Scintillation -Depolarization by ICE Software for the propagation data pre-processing was alsodeveloped.Also of importance was the start of the ITEM project sponsored by Vodafone, aiming atcontributing for public awareness of basic concepts related to electromagnetic radiationand population exposure in mobile communications. This is done through a dedicated

website that contains basic information on EM radiation, and also contains the resultsfrom systematic monitoring of radiation levels in selected public locations over thecountry.

4.1.3.3 WIRELESS CIRCUITS AND DEVICES

Research work performed in this sub-area can be grouped under two general topics, onerelated to microwave cricuit design, and the other to device modelling. In both cases, theunderlying applications fall within the wireless area.

RF and Microwave Circuit Design

One main topic of research is related to active and passive filters, using differenttechnologies. Active and passive bandpass filters were designed for 30GHz (Galacticproject) with PM-HEMT 0.25um GaAs technology for comparison with the same type offilters that were designed for the low cost LTCC (low temperature cofired ceramics).These LTCC filters will be part of a low cost transceiver for 30GHz (Galactic project). Thedesign includes analysis and optimisation of the yield for fabrication, in order to provethe possibility of using such substrates in 30GHz for high volume and low costproduction.Work has also progressed around BiCMOS and CMOS technology. Monolithic integratedLC voltage controlled oscillators (VCO) were fabricated on BiCMOS 0.8um technology for2.4GHz and uses monolithic spiral inductors. Also single ended and differential low noise

amplifiers (LNA) were fabricated on CMOS. These LNA were integrated on 0.35um CMOStechnology and were designed for the 2GHz band.

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A grounded and a floating active inductor for 2GHz was also fabricated with CMOS 0.35um process (ACTFIL project). Based on the obtained results, new active inductors arebeeing designed for fabrication in 2003 (AME project).Aspects concerning high frequency on-wafer measurements up to 6GHz with siliconsubstrates were also addressed. The measurements included s-parameters, noise figure,

output power and distortion, phase noise.Developments were also made on circuit design techniques for LDMOS RF poweramplifiers.

RF and Microwave Active Device Modelling

Electric models were obtained up to 6GHz for spiral inductors, poly capacitors andresistors on BiCMOS and CMOS technology.Low voltage MMICs using Si CMOS were designed and tested. Developed MMICs includelow noise amplifiers, upconverters and phase shift oscillators. Due to the inefficientmodels supplied by the MMICs foundries, semiconductor and passive devices models forCAD programs were developed in it . Due to the low resistivity of Si substrates,

techniques for experimental characterisation of MMICs components and sub-circuits werestudied to support the modelling activity.With respect to non-linear modeling, main research achievements have included thedevelopment of computer aided design tools for nonlinear electronic circuits design,telecommunication systems identification, active device modelling and the analysis anddesign of various nonlinear microwave and optoelectronics circuits, in particular, thedesign of highly linear multi-carrier power amplifiers and mixers.Research in the framework of PhD thesis includes wireless system identification andsimulation, with the main objective to model the impact of correlated nonlinear distortionin modulated signals. Another topic is related to nonlinear distortion and efficiency insmall-signal and power amplifiers based on homojunction bipolar transistors (BJT),

heterojunction (HBT) and GaN HEMT microwave devices. Work includes nonlinear modelextraction of BJT and HBT bipolar transistors. The main origins of nonlinear distortion inbipolar devices are being studied in order to propose a justification for their highly linearcharacteristics. Model validation was performed in small-signal bipolar based amplifiers.Nonlinear model extraction of RF Si MOS and LDMOS devices. Study of the main large-signal MOSFET models and their nonlinear distortion prediction capabilities.Work was also carried on the design of highly linear MESFET resistive mixers.

4.1.3.4 TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION SYSTEMS

Research work performed within this sub-area in 2002 includes the following topics:UMTS capacity enhancement techniques, channel estimation techniques in satellite andland mobile communications, video bit stream video protection in wireless transmission,and signal processing in synthetic aperture radar.Wireless techniques such as space-time coding, beamforming (adaptive antennas) andminimization of multiple-access interference for the downlink of WCDMA were explored atit in the framework of IST-SEACORN project for enhancing the capacity of the UMTSsystem. The WCDMA UMTS system was studied at the Link Layer level to extend itscapabilities, and the work included the development of a complete system simulator.Spectrally efficient modulation techniques like continuous phase modulation or QAMmodulations were also studied to pursue performance enhancement in the future UMTS

system.

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Another topic of research was related to channel estimation techniques in satellite mobilecommunications. Solutions were proposed within the stochastic nonlinear filteringframework to address the problem of detection of multi-level signalling schemes, namelythe 16-DAPSK modulation, in the following environments: channels affected by Dopplereffect, and channels disturbed by fading. An algorithm for Doppler frequency andFrequency-rate was proposed for non-geostationary satellite communications. Somework was dedicated to the problem of channel estimation in multi-carrier systems.Attention was also devoted to the application of nonlinear filtering techniques in CDMAsystems. In particular, the problem of fast acquisition of code and frequency in GPSreceivers was considered.Also related to the satellite channel, efficient simulation techniques were developed toobtain the performance of channel codes, namely TCH codes, for satellite channelsdescribed by its probability density function (Rayleigh, Rice, Nakagami, etc.);In respect to video bit stream protection in wireless transmission, the research workspanned through the following topics: joint source-channel coding and modulation;network adaptation of video streams; statistical multiplexing of TV and data signals;MPEG-4/AVC video transportation over TV packet based transmission.

In Synthetic Aperture Radar, the activity in 2002 was focused on the ''blind angleambiguity problem'', on absolute phase estimation in interferometric SAR images, and onspeckle noise filtering. Besides these research topics, the problem of linear unmixing inhyperspectral data was also addressed.

4.1.3.5 SYSTEM PLANNING AND RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Research work in this sub-area covered traffic-based UMTS system capacity studies, andservices and applications characterization.Different types of circuit switched traffic and possible future scenarios of multi-service

traffic were used for evaluation of UMTS FDD system capacity. A software tool wasdeveloped with this objective. In the absence of UMTS traffic data, GSM/GPRS data wasused instead to analyze combined data and voice traffic, as well as to analyze the effectof the double layer structure of 900/1800 MHz GSM on network management. With thesame objective, the problem of dynamic channel allocation was also addressed, based onmeasurements performed on a real GSM network.Another software tool was developed to simulate the air interface of UMTS-FDD, enablingthe analysis of traffic aspects as well as load and handover ones. Models wereestablished for traffic generation for UMTS, including a large variety of services andapplications, enabling a better estimation of traffic, as well as an improved evaluaiton ofload;Research on Enhanced UMTS services and applications characterisation, classification,and deployment scenarios has been performed within the IST-SEACORN project.Contributions have been given on multi-service traffic engineering in Enhanced UMTS.Work on Cost/revenue performance of Mobile Broadband Systems (MBSs) was concludedand published, and multi-service tele-traffic modelling for MBS was addressed as well.

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4.1.4 Running Projects

4.1.4.1 OVERVIEW

Funding Agency NumberAdI 2CRUP 1EID 1EU 2EU, IST Programme 5FCT /POSI 9FCT/POCTI 3FEDER, PRAI-Centro 1

ICCTI / GRICES 1ICEP 1ICP/ANACOM 1Portuguese Navy 1PT Inovao 1UK Radiocommunications Agency 1VODAFONE 1

Table 13 Number of active projects in the Wireless Communications Area in 2002.

4.1.4.2 ACTIVITY IN PROJECTS

Acron/Ref CHIRAL / POSI/CPS/39589/2001Title 2D and 3D Chiral and Omega Structures: Guidance, Leakage and Radiation

BehaviourDescript. Three main objectives can be identified:

(i) Electromagnetic characterization of 3D rectangular open chiral andomega uniform waveguides:guidance and leakage characteristics, newfeatures due to chirality;(ii) Analysis of 3D open chiral and omega non-uniform structures:

characteristics (reflection /transmission) of tapers and branches;(iii) Radiation characteristics of printed sources on planar layered chiraland omega structures: dependence of radiation characteristics (surfacewave power, radiated power, impedance, bandwidth) on chiral and omegaparameters.

Acron/Ref COMMET /Title A Complete analog front-end for 3G MultiMEdia TerminalsDescript. Definition and realization of a complete Analog Front-End for 3G-

multimedia terminal, integrating in a single-chip solution all the analogbaseband functions with a RF Front-End. The work to be done will focus oninnovative RF and baseband topologies for component count and costreduction.

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Acron/Ref Radio through vegetation / AY3880/510005719Title A Generic Model of 1-60 GHz Radio Propagation through Vegetation- Final

Report

Descript. The main aim of the research project was to study the effects of millimetrewavelength radiowaves propagating through vegetation and to develop ageneric model of signal attenuation for narrowband systems.

Acron/Ref AME /Title Advanced Microelectronics EngineeringDescript. Training on design of CMOS monolithic integrated circuits recently graded

engineers.

Acron/Ref CETMC / POSI/CPS/34829/2000Title Channel Estimation Techniques in Mobile CommunicationsDescript. In all-digital receiver implementations, an oscillator with good frequency

stability but not synchronized with the carrier, heterodynes the incomingsignal to baseband (direct conversion) where its quadrature componentsare sampled. In this type of receivers carrier synchnronization is replacedby channel estimation, which consists of the following tasks: (i) estimationof the phase drift due to Doppler effect and/or frequency poor alignmentbetween oscillators; (ii) estimation of the channel time-varying gainprovoked by fading and/or shadowing. The problem of channel estimationpresents new challenges with the emergence of mobile personalcommunications based on, for example, non-geostationary satellites,which are affected by significant Doppler frequency shifts. In these cases,the channel is strongly non-stationary (even with very short timeintervals), leading to the need to update phase and gain estimates withinthe symbol interval. Channel estimation in mobile digital communicationsis a relevant research subject not only from the applications point of viewbut also by its theoretical and conceptual aspects. This project proposes toresume previous work in this area by focusing namely on the followingaspects: a) synthesis of new algorithms for the simultaneous joint channeland clock estimation, and symbol detection based on stochastic nonlinearfiltering; b) development of new open-loop frequency and frequency-rateestimators; c) application of the above-mentioned algorithms in scenariosof practical interest, such as the mobile digital communications with non-

geostationary satellites; d) application to spread spectrum and multicarriersystems where significant improvements are foreseen.

Acron/Ref COST 284 /Title COST 284 ''Innovative Antennas for Emerging Terrestrial and Space-Based

Applications''Descript. To progress and innovate in the theoretical modelling and in the multi-

disciplinary design and development of new architectures, components,circuits and test techniques for antennas. The focus will be on antennaarrays, active and adaptive antennas and their beam forming, in supportof broadband applications up to millimetre waves.

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Acron/Ref ESPREX / POSI/36555/CHS/2000Title Earth Satellite Propagation Experiment at Ka BandDescript. Characterization of the Earth-Satellite Propagation Channel mainly:

- Scintillation- Attenuation- Ice depolarizationThe development of the measuring station and data analysis software isincluded in the project.

Acron/Ref FS / POSI/33379/CPS/2000Title Fiber Solitons: Propagation, Amplification and SwitchingDescript. To study fiber solitons in the following aspects: (i) the in-line control in

WDM soliton communication systems; (ii) amplification of solitonlike pulsesin erbium-doped fiber amplifiers; (iii) soliton switching in nonlinear fibercouplers; (iv) chiral solitons, i.e., solitons in chiral optical fibers.

Acron/Ref FindIt /Title FindItDescript. Project in consortium with other Portuguese partners, namely IDITE-Minho

and AMI, which objective is to develop a RTLS (Real Time LocationSystem) for the Braga city bus yard. This system should be capable ofproviding positioning of the buses on the yard, but also be acommunications system enabling transmission of the buses importantdata, namely ticketing data and km readings that permit an efficientmanagement of the fleet.

Acron/Ref FLOWS / IST-2001-32125Title Flexible Convergence of Wireless Standards and ServicesDescript. The objective is to show how multiple wireless standards (GSM, UMTS,

HIPERLAN/2) and the services that they support can converge in a flexiblemanner within a consumers terminal. FLOWS will study and demonstratethe convergence of wireless standards allowing the user to besimultaneously connected to several of them and enabling transparentaccess to various services. The activity will be focused in the following

areas: (i) Development of channel models for converging systems (GSM,UMTS, HIPERLAN, DVB and DAB), characterisation of services for thevarious systems, and analysis of traffic performance (Luis M. Correia, JooGil, Filipe Cardoso, Jorge Aguiar, Gabriela Galvano); (ii) Design of triple-band (GSM1800, UMTS, HiperLAN2) printed antennas, and small antennasto be integrated into a handset terminal. Analysis and simulation ofpossible MIMO multi-antenna configurations (Custdio Peixeiro); (iii)Design of multiband antennas using the fractal concept (Antnio A.Moreira). (iv) Design and test of ultra-wideband antennas, including theevaluation of antenna performance when integrated into a real userterminal (Carlos A. Fernandes)

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Acron/Ref GMF4ITV /Title GMF for ITVDescript. The overall objective of this proposal is to enhance the technological

perspectives of the Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) standard byproviding a GMFfor iTV. It accelerates the uptake of DVB-MHP andprovides an end-to-end platform for interactive services on heterogeneousmultimedia devices (STB and PC). The platform will enable the content andservice provider to create, manage and, distribute linearily composed, pre-recorded video streams in conjunction with non-linear data and allowinteractivity at the end device on object or key-frame level of the content.

Acron/Ref HeadSAR /Title Head SAR Measurement System SpecificationDescript. To analyse the European and International Standards for head Specific

Absortion Rate (SAR) measurement, with respect to mobile phoneradiation. To contrast these standards with commercially availablemeasurement systems, and specify an adequate measurement solution forANACOM.

Acron/Ref In@Bus /Title In@BusDescript. In@Bus is a project for PT Inovao, which objective is to develop a

computer and telecommunications platform for buses and trucks. Thebuses system is supposed to provide communications via a mobile

communications network (GSM or TETRA), bus radio access network to thepassengers via a wireless portal (IEEE 802.11 and/or Bluetooth),integration with the ticketing and passenger counting systems, informationdisplaying through LED information panel, video contents displayingthrough LCD monitors and passenger filming (for security purposes). Thetruck system should also provide GPS aided navigation and a computingfull operational office including code bar reader integration for packagesregistration. The In@Bus project also includes the development of a RFidentification system for bus stops, that shall help the GPS system toprovide correct positioning in the city. The integration of passengercounting systems and bus billing system with the bus communicationsplatform is also a goal of this project

Acron/Ref ITEM /Title Informao Tcnica sobre Exposio Radiao Electromagntica em

Comunicaes MveisDescript. To provide ''public awareness'' information about exposure to

radiofrequency electromagnetic wave radiation. To perform a systematicmonitoring of electromagnetic radiation level near mobile communicationsbase station sites all over the country, and to share these results througha dedicated website.

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Acron/Ref GALACTIC / IST-2000-30109Title Innovative GaAs MMICs and Avanced LTCC packaging technologies for

multicomponents Ka Band subsystemsDescript. The objective of the GALACTIC project is to lay the foundations to the low-

cost Ka subsystems. The key innovative technologies are highly integratedGallium Arsenide (GaAs) monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs)and low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC), integration and packaging.Those technologies are required for the design, fabrication and validationof a low cost, multi-component high power subsystem adequate for massproduction. The integration will be validated on a Ka-band up-convertertransmitter, which is the key building block of various future products fornext generation broadband communication networks.

Acron/Ref ICNS / TIT/1583/95 phase IITitle Integrated Communication and Navigation SystemsDescript. The project deals with the following communication/navigation problems:

1-Receiver performance evaluation by applying importance samplingtechniques. This problem was dealt with in Phase I assuming additivewhite Gaussian channels and phase drift modeled as Browniam motion.The purpose in Phase II is to to extend the study to fading channels andhigher order phase drift dynamics. 2-In Phase I we modeled the relativeemitter/receiver dynamics as a third order Gauss-Markov process, anddesigned the receiver accordingly. To perform optimally, the assumedmodel has to fit the actual dynamics; otherwise, robustness criteria andadaptive algorithms have to be applied.

Acron/Ref ILENA / POSI/34860/CPS/2000Title Integration of Lenses and Planar AntennasDescript. To study the integration of lens antennas with printed feed elements. To

extend homogeneous lens concepts to non-uniform printed materiallenses.

Acron/Ref ISSMIA / TIT/1580/95 phase IITitle Integration of Stochastic and Structural Models in Image and Pattern

Analysis de Padres e Imagens - Fase IIDescript. The project considers the following remote sensing problems: 1-Acquisition

and processing in interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)imaging. Algorithms developed and evaluated by simulation in the firstpart of the project are now tested with real data. Executable versions ofthese algorithms will be made available in the Internet for comparisonpurposes. 2-Inverse synthetic aperture (ISAR) problem. The accuratetarget tracking demands the estimation of the absolute value of a carrierphase. Previous work on this area, developed by the team members, willbe applied in various ISAR scenarios.

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Acron/Ref LDMOSCA / POCTI/ESE/1999/34074Title Low Distortion RF MOS Circuits AdvancesDescript. Development of design methods for linear and non-linear radio frequency

and microwave MOS amplifiers. Proposal of improved or newly developedlocal/global non-linear MOS models. It involves the study of non-linearactive device behaviour from measurement, in order to extract qualitativeand quantitative data required to propose global non-linear semi-empiricalmodels. They should be able to describe the detailed mode of operation ofthe device, which involves not only charge/voltage or current/voltagecharacteristics, but also their higher order derivatives. Development ofnew design procedures for better small signal amplifiers with high dynamicrange and highly efficient power amplifiers with low intermodulation usingMOS active devices.

Acron/Ref McPIC / POCTI/34424/ESE/2000

Title Mask Configurable Intelligent Power Integrated Circuits ApplicationsDescript. The main objective is the development of pre-processed Smart Power IC,

configurable by the top metal layer(s), using low-cost standard CMOStechnologies. This goal is to be attained through the development of apower switching cells library in a matrix arrangement based in a singleNMOS cell. This arrangement should be capable of implementing powerconversion, amplification and regulation functions, permitting highreliability and efficient compact solutions, in order to improve the qualityof portable equipment. Personal communication systems and medicalequipments, robotics and automotive applications are some of the types ofapplications envisaged as target for these Smart Power ICs. Thismethodology enables low cost semi custom designs and new ICsconfiguration strategies of easy industrial implementation towards SmartPower using standard CMOS technologies.

Acron/Ref MOMENTUM / IST-2000-28088Title Models and Simulations for Network Planning and Control of UMTSDescript. MOMENTUM aims at a long lasting impact on the development of UMTS

planning tools. Major players of system manufacturers, network operators,service providers, and operations research facilities have joined to meetthe challenge of analysing UMTS system-behaviour and of developingpowerful new planning methods for UMTS. MOMENTUM will: characterisenew services UMTS is going to deliver; build usage profiles and planningscenarios to model the future demands; build the most advanced UMTSreal-time system-level simulator; use the scenarios and the simulator tobetter understand the dynamics of UMTS networks and their sensitivity tosystem parameter settings; develop flexible models, algorithms, and newplanning methods for the deployment of the future wirelesstelecommunication infrastructure; build and publish a library of UMTSscenarios and test cases to be used as a benchmark in the development ofplanning tools.

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Acron/Ref SAMURAI /Title Multimedia Services and Applications in Hospital, University and Urban

EnvironmentsDescript. Besides the Wireless LAN deployment in University (Virtual University

Campus) and Hospital (tele-medicine) scenarios, one will contribute withservice classification and characterisation, source traffic validation via realdata and inclusion of human and ergonomic aspects in mobile and wirelesssystems planning process.

Acron/Ref Navio /Title Navy VideoDescript. The main objective of this project consists of studying and developing

error resilient video coding algorithms and transmission techniquesappropriate for high frequency (HF) carriers allowing attaining high qualityvideoconference services in long distance communications. The short wavechannel imposes several hostile propagation conditions that will affectvideo signal communications. Furthermore, the very low throughput bitrate (12800bps) provides a strong limitation on video communications.This project will attempt to overcome those appointed drawbacks.

Acron/Ref OPAMS / POCTI/ESE/37531/2001Title Optimum Power Amplifiers for Modulated SignalsDescript. Recent wireless communication systems demand very high signal to noise

ratios (SNR). However, the continuous improvement of power amplifier(PA) efficiencies has led to an increased nonlinearity behavior, severelydegrading system's fidelity. One former way to minimize this effectconsisted on using constant envelope modulation systems, trading higherspectrum bandwidths for lower distortion. Unfortunately, spectrumbandwidth became a scarce precious good imposing non-constantenvelope modulation schemes. Therefore, the PA nonlinearity is nowadaysof primordial importance to the maximization of the SNR in this type oftelecommunication systems. The main objective of this project is topropose new design PA procedures intended to improve linearity inpresence of complex communication signals of non-constant envelope. Tofulfill this goal, the time and frequency domain properties of the complexmodulation techniques will first be studied. Special attention will be givento the peak to average ratio of the excitation's time description, and to itscomplex spectral representation, mainly to the correlation between itsdifferent spectral lines. The information gathered with this analysis,associated to the previous back ground of the authors, will inspireimprovements to the existing nonlinear RF circuits' simulation tools, oreven to the proposal of novel nonlinear analysis methods, specially tailoredfor the type of modulated signals under study. With the aid of theproposed simulation techniques, and the knowledge of the driving signalstatistics, the nonlinear behavior of PA will be studied when in thepresence of complex communication signals. The correct understanding ofthis behavior will end up in the suggestion of a new procedure for thedesign PAs optimized for linearity. Finally, a PA prototype speciallydesigned for handling multi-tone complex modulated signals will beimplemented and tested. That will serve as the practical validation of theproposed theoretical analysis methods and circuit design tools.

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Acron/Ref Programa IST /Title Programa ISTDescript. To provide logistic support to the national delegates to the Management

Committee of the IST programme

Acron/Ref MEIOS ARTIFICIAIS / E-34/02Title Propagation and Radiation in Complex Media Using Planar TechnologyDescript. Analysis of propagation and radiation of electromagnetic waves in

multilayered planar structures using complex media includingbianisotropic,biisotropic(quiral/omega),gyrotropic(ferrites/magnetizedplasmas) and left-handed media.Two specific topics are addressed: -radiation of elementary sources embedded in multilayer structures; -characterization of artificial media in planar technology.

Acron/Ref RESOURCE / CPS/36336/1999Title Radio resource optimization in third generation mobile systemsDescript. Study and develop general planning tools for third generation UMTS/IMT

2000 systems.

Acron/Ref PROSAR / POSI/CPS/34071Title Signal and Image Processing in Synthetic Aperture Radar

Descript. This project addresses the following research topics topics in syntheticaperture radar (SAR): (1) Moving target detection and estimation; (2)Interferometry; (3) Image restoration. (1) Moving target detection,estimation, and imaging is important for wide area surveillance systemswith limited revisit times. (2) The problem of interferometry is essentiallythe estimation of absolute phase from a pair (or more) SA images.Topographic maps are then obtained with basis on the estimated absolutephase images. (3) The pixel amplitude of SA images are, under mildconditions, a sample of a Rayleigh random variable. Therefore, the imageamplitudes corresponding to an homogeneous region exhibit randomfluctuations, termed ''speckled noise''. The following goals have beenpursued, concerning each of the three referred topics: (1) Developing

solutions to the so-called ''blind angle ambiguity'' problem. It means thatusing just an antenna it is impossible to infer the direction of the velocityvector. One way to remove the blind angle ambiguity is to makesimultaneous bistatic SA measurements with two different antennas.Aiming at the resolution of the blind angle ambiguity problem with onlyone antenna, it is proposed the exploitation of recent results, derived bythe proponents, on the relations between the received signal and themoving target velocity. (2) Developing Bayesian approaches to theabsolute phase estimation in the presence of discontinuities. The inclusionof discontinuities is relevant to obtain meaningful estimates. On the otherhand, most methods proposed in the open literature do not takediscontinuities into account. (3) Developing Bayesian approaches to theamplitude restoration that, as in item (2), take the amplitude discontinuityinto account.

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Acron/Ref SEACORN / IST-2001-34900Title Simulation of Enhanced UMTS Access and Core NetworksDescript. SEACORN provides a fundamental contribution to the evaluation and

development of Enhanced UMTS networks. It covers several aspectsstarting from the definition and characterisation of services and userprofiles, including the modelling of the user's behaviour with respect tomobility and multimedia activity, and finally considering the optimisation ofthe networks from both points of views: the operator's and manufacturer'sview of limiting the infrastructure and maintenance costs and the user'sview of being provided with high quality services

Acron/Ref COST 273 /Title Towards Mobile Broadband Multimedia CommunicationsDescript. The main objective is to increase the knowledge on the radio aspects of

mobile broadband multimedia networks, by exploring and developing newmethods, models, techniques, strategies and tools towards theimplementation of 4th generation mobile communication systems. Itconsiders frequencies ranging from the upper UHF up to millimetre waves,and data rates higher than 2 Mb/s (probably up to 155 Mb/s). As asecondary objective, it is intended that it continues to play a supportingrole similar to the one played by the previous Actions in the mobilecommunications area. That is, besides giving inputs to the development of4th generation systems, it is also expected that it will contribute to thedeployment of systems that are very close to completion of theirstandardisation phase, like UMTS and HIPERLAN 2.

4.1.5 Running and Concluded Theses

Final Year Projects

Supervisor Student Title of Final Year Project End DateAntnio AlvesMoreira Jerzy Guterman

Study of fractal type printedantennas for mobile terminals 9 / 2003

AntnioRodrigues

Diogo RosaRita Ghilhoto

Software de apoio ao projecto defeixes hertzianos 9 / 2003

AntnioRodrigues

Lus ManilhaPedro Cruz

Desempenho de algoritmos nadescodificao de turbo cdigos emcanais rdio UMTS/FDD

10 / 2002

AntnioRodrigues

Lus NatrioRicardo Carrapio

Gesto de espectro rdio comrecurso a um sistema de informaogeogrfica

9 / 2003

AntnioRodrigues

Pedro MatosDaniel Figueiredo

Anlise, impacto e estratgia de

utilizao de frequncias em redesWCDMA/FDD 9 / 2003

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AntnioRodrigues

Rui GasparVitor Lemos

Dimensionamento rdio de umarede UMTS 9 / 2003

AntnioRodrigues Teresa Ramiro

Radio resource management inWCDMA mobile networks 7 / 2003

Antnio Topa Carlos Pereira Propagao de OndasElectromagnticas em Meios Quirais 7 / 2003

Armando Rocha Bruno Malha Development of a Channel Sounderat 2GHz 6 / 2003

Armando Rocha Rui Gomes Development of a Channel Sounderat 2GHz 7 / 2003

Carlos CardosoFernandes

Fernando GuerraBruno Teixeira

Antenas de Banda Larga paraTerminais Multi-Servio 11 / 2002


Eduardo Lima, JooHenriques Constant Flux Antennas for UMTS 12 / 2003


Gonalo Perdigo,Hugo Carmo

Ultra-wideband Antennas forMillimetre wave Space Applications 12 / 2003


Jorge Silva,Rui Alegre

Estudos de Penetrao do Sinal deGSM e UMTS em Edifcios e Veculos 11 / 2002

Carlos CardosoFernandes Tiago Courela

Antenas Dielctricas paraComunicaes Mveis de BandaLarga

11 / 2002

Custdio Peixeiro Filipe RaposoMicrostrip Patch Antennas for 4GMobile Communication Systems 2 / 2003

Custdio Peixeiro Jorge BrissosTriple-Band Microstrip PatchAntennas for Mobile CommunicationSystems

2 / 2003

Custdio Peixeiro Nuno Crispim Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays forSmart Antennas 2 / 2003

Custdio Peixeiro Rui Peneda Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays forSmart Antennas 2 / 2003

Custdio Peixeiro Simone SpallinaOptimisation of Microstrip PatchAntennas with Genetic Algorithms 2 / 2003

Custdio Peixeiro Tiago Gandara Dual Band Dual PolarisationMicrostrip Patch Antennas 2 / 2003

Custdio Peixeiro Tiago Veiga Microstrip Patch Antennas for 4GMobile Communication Systems 2 / 2003

Fernando J.Velez Eva Maria Reguera

Traffic Modelling for UMTS FixedVoice and Multi-rate Applications 3 / 2002

Fernando J.

Velez

Joo Salgueiro

Nuno Barroso

Multimedia Services andApplications in hospital, Universityand Urban Environments

7 / 2003

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Fernando J.Velez Rui Paulo

Deployment Scenarios and Tele-traffic Engineering in MobileCommunications Systems Beyond3G

7 / 2003

Fernando NunesCatarina Brites

Eva RosaSincronizao de frequncia eestimao de canal em OFDM 9 / 2003

Joo Nuno Matos Ricardo PannuzzoHomero Leal

Desenvolvimento de Modelos deCanal Rdio e outras Ferramentasde Optimizao da Ligao e daRede em Ambientes WLAN eBluetooth

9 / 2003

Joo Nuno Matos Carlos BordaRogrio DiasMedidor de Campo Electromagnticopara Comunicaes Mveis 9 / 2003

Jos RochaPereira

Davide AzevedoJorge Amaral

Local radio positioning andidentification system for indoorenvironments 7 / 2003

Lus M. Correia Carla Oliveira,Gonalo CarpinteiroImpact of base station location onhuman exposure to electromagneticradiation (in Portuguese)

9 / 2002

Lus M. Correia David Xavier, JorgeVernesWave penetration into buildings inGSM and UMTS (in Portuguese) 9 / 2002

Lus M. Correia Patrcia CarvalhoAllen VasconcelosTraffic models for base stations inUMTS (in Portuguese) 9 / 2002

Lus M. Correia Silvia TaccoriComparison of ChannelCharacteristics for ConvergingMobile/Wireless CommunicationSystems

6 / 2002

Mrio Rui dosSantos

Simo Pedro TorresRomeu Duarte

Integrao de um sistema decomunicaes, de localizao e desegurana de veculo

7 / 2003

Mrio Rui dosSantos

Antnio PaivaTiago Duarte

Portal WLAN/Bluetooth paraPDAs/Notebooks 7 / 2003

Nuno CarvalhoCarlos Bandarrinha

Pedro VargasEstudo e implementao doprotocolo IEEE 802.11b 9 / 2002

Nuno Carvalho Carlos Borda,Rogrio DiasMedidor de Campo Electromagnticopara Comunicaes Mveis 9 / 2003

Nuno Carvalho Joo RebeloNuno Matos

Estudo do Impacto da Distoro NoLinear em Sistemas de ComunicaoDigital

9 / 2003

Table 14 List of Final Year Projects running in the Wireless Communications Area during2002.

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MSc Theses

Supervisor Student Title of MSc Thesis End Date

AntnioRodrigues

Francisco Antnio

Taveira BrancoNunes Monteiro

CPM Receivers Complexity

Reduction in WirelessCommunication Systems 1 / 2003

AntnioRodrigues Ana Filipa Freitas

QoS evaluation of geographicalinformation in location basedservices

12 / 2003

AntnioRodrigues Henrique Cunha

Radio resource management forfixed and wireless communicationsusing a geographical informationsystem

6 / 2004

Antnio

RodriguesNuno Cota Simulation of packet services in

UMTS/FDD networks12 / 2003

AntnioRodrigues Pedro Vieira

MIMO systems for 3G mobilecapacity enhancement 12 / 2003

Carlos Salema Pedro Manuel GeadaBorda d'guaAnlise de margens de segurana noprojecto de feixes hertzianos 1 / 2003

Fernando J.Velez

Marco AntnioClemente

Deployment scenarios, trafficcharacterisation and capacityestimation for Enhanced UMTS

9 / 2003

Henrique Jos A.Silva Joo da SilvaPereira

Spread Spectrum with Amplitude

Coding and Orthogonal PhaseModulation for MobileCommunication Systems with CDMA

11 / 2002

Henrique Jos A.Silva

Mrio MiguelCarvalho Alves dos

ReisHigh-Speed Downlink SharedChannel evaluation in WCDMA 12 / 2003

Joo Costa Freire GuilhermeMascarenhas Active Inductors on Si 12 / 2003

Joo Nuno Matos Nuno FerreiraUtilizao Algoritmos de SeparaoCega de Fontes (BSS) na deteco

de cdigos CDMA

9 / 2003

Joo Vaz Joaquim Oliveira Oscilador monoltico controlado portenso para 2.4GHz 6 / 2003

Joo Vaz Pedro Brs LNA monoltico CMOS para UMTS 9 / 2005

Jos BioucasDias Carlos Sousa

Simulao de Dados em SistemasAcsticos de Abertura Sinttica 5 / 2004

Jos BioucasDias Hlio Fernandes Algoritmos de Focagem em SAR 5 / 2005

Jos BioucasDias Tiago Silva

Estimao de Fase Absoluta emInterferometria SAR 6 / 2003

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Lus M. Correia Antnio Serrador Optimisation of cell radius in UMTS-FDD networks 12 / 2002

Maria JooRosrio

Fernando dosSantos Azevedo

Misturador Monoltico de Banda-Larga com Rejeio de imagem paraDECT

4 / 2002

Nuno CarvalhoAntnio Jos Duarte

FigueiredoGuilherme dos

SantosTrain Localization using RF systems 8 / 2003

RafaelCaldeirinha Pedro Mota

Desenvolvimento de um simuladorde traado de raios pararadiocomunicaes em frequnciasde microondas e ondas milimtricas- Projecto SimRay

7 / 2003

Table 15 - List of MSc Theses running in the Wireless Communications Area during 2002.

PhD Theses

Supervisor Student Title of PhD Thesis End Date

Amrico Correia Mrio Marques daSilva Future Mobile Systems 12 / 2004

Antnio Navarro Joo Tavares Optimal source-channel coding andmodulation for digital terrestrial 4 / 2004

AntnioRodrigues Joo Eira Wideband mobile receivers 12 / 2004

Armando Rocha Susana de JesusMotaPropagation Modelling for MIMOChannels 3 / 2005

Atlio Gameiro Paulo Marques Channel estimation for broadbandmobile channels 12 / 2005

Atlio Gameiro Lus Gonalves Frequency domain MUD for UMTS-TDD 12 / 2003

Atlio Gameiro Antnio Morgado Space-time pre-equalization forWCDMA systems 9 / 2003

Atlio Gameiro Ado SilvaSpace-time coding and pre-equalization for MIMO MC-CDMAsystems

12 / 2005

Carlos CardosoFernandes Joo P. Costa

Advanced Radiating Elements forAdaptive Antennas 12 / 2005

Carlos CardosoFernandes Mrio Silveirinha

Electromagnetic Waves in ArtificialMedia with Application to LensAntennas

1 / 2003

Joo Costa Freire Jorge Torres Multifunctions MMICs 12 / 2003

Joo Vaz JoaquimBernardinoFiltros activos para alta frequncia emtecnologia integrada monoltica para30GHz

7 / 2005

Jos Bioucas Paulo Marques Moving Target Detection and 12 / 2003

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Dias Estimation in Synthetic AperturaRadar

Jos BioucasDias Jos Nascimento

Spectral Unmixing in HyperspectralData 12 / 2005

Jos CarlosPedro

Pedro Miguel SilvaCabral

Nonlinear Modeling of Microwave andRF Power Devices

7 / 2007

Jos CarlosPedro

Pedro MiguelRibeiro Lavrador

On the Study of Impairments Causedby Nonlinearities on Wireless Systems 7 / 2006

Jos Leito Jos Eduardo C.SanguinoAmbiguity Resolution in GPSPositioning 12 / 2003

Jos Leito Alberto Sena daSilvaImportance Sampling Evaluation ofDigital Phase Detectors with CarrierPhase Tracking

4 / 2003

Jos Leito Fernando Sousa Open loop structures in digitalreceivers. Software Radio Approach 6 / 2004

Jos Neves Manuel Dinis Broadband Mobile Communications 7 / 2003

Jos Neves Victor Santos Resource Management on MobileSatellite Systems 12 / 2003

Jos RochaPereira

Pedro Tavares dePinho

Modelling and optimisation ofantennas for mobile terminals usingFDTD method and optimisation tools

12 / 2005

Lus M. Correia Joo Gil Adaptive antennas and channelmodels for mobile communications 9 / 2003

Lus M. Correia Filipe Cardoso Channel characterisation forbroadband mobile communications 9 / 2003

Maria JooRosrio

Henrique Jos daSilva Antenas Activas 11 / 2005

Maria JooRosrio

Fernando dosSantos Azevedo

Conversores Monolticos em CMOSpara Comunicaes Mveis 12 / 2006

RafaelCaldeirinha

Telmo R.Fernandes

A discrete RET Model for Millimetre-Wave Propagation Through Vegetationin Sub-Urban Macro Cells

10 / 2006

RafaelCaldeirinha Harlem St. Michael

Radiative Energy Transfer Modelling ofVegetation Effects on Design andPerformance of Fixed and MobileWireless Links

12 / 2003

Table 16 - List of PhD Theses running in the Wireless Communications Area during 2002.

4.1.6 Publications in 2002

4.1.6.1 ANTENNA ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Book Chapters

- Fernandes, C. A.; " Shaped-Beam Antennas " - Chapter in Handbook of Antennas inWireless Commuications , Lal Godara , CRC Press , New York , 2002 .

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Papers in Journals - Gil, J.G.; L. M. Correia; " Impact of Wideband Directional Propagation Channel

Characteristics on Adaptive Beamforming ", IEICE Trans. on Communications , Vol.E85-B , No. 12 , pp. 2640 - 2647 , December , 2002 .

- Herscovici, N.; M. F. Osorio ; C. Peixeiro; " Miniaturization of Rectangular MicrostripPatches Using Genetic Algorithms ", IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters ,Vol. 1 , No. 1 , pp. 94 - 97 , January , 2002 .

Papers in Conference Proceedings

- Gil, J.G.; L. M. Correia; " Dependence of Adaptive Beamforming Performance onDirectional Channel Modelled Micro-Cell Scenarios ", Proc IEEE International Symp. onPersonal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Commun - PIMRC , Lisbon , Portugal , Vol. 4 , pp.1794 - 1798 , September , 2002 .

- Peixeiro, C.; " Increasing the Bandwidth of a Microstrip Patch Antenna with aSuperstrate ", Proc IEEE AP-S/URSI International Symp. , San Antonio, Texas , United

States , Vol. 5 , pp. 22 - 22 , June , 2002 .- Silveirinha, M.S.; C. A. Fernandes; " Design of a Non-Homogeneous Wire Media Lensusing Genetic Algorithms ", Proc IEEE AP-S/URSI International Symp. , San Antonio, Tx, United States , Vol. 1 , pp. 1 - 1 , June , 2002 .

- Silveirinha, M.S.; C. A. Fernandes; " Design of Printed Disk Artificial Materials ", ProcIEEE AP-S/URSI International Symp. , San Antonio, Tx , United States , Vol. , pp. - ,June , 2002 .

- Silveirinha, M.S.; C. A. Fernandes; " Radiation from a Line Source in a 3D Wire MediaPhotonic Crystal ", Proc IEEE AP-S/URSI International Symp. , San Antonio, Tx , UnitedStates , Vol. , pp. - , June , 2002 .

Project Reports

- Moreira, A. A.; " Antenna Requirements and Array Solutions for Mobile Terminals ",Instituto Superior Tcnico , FLOWS , November , 2002 .

- Peixeiro, C.; J. Brissos; A. A. Moreira; C. A. Fernandes; " Antenna Feasibility Study ",Instituto Superior Tcnico , , November , 2002 .

4.1.6.2 PHYSICAL MODELLING AND WAVE PROPAGATION CHARACTERIZATION

Book Chapters - Topa, A.; C. R. Paiva; A. Barbosa; " Surface and Leaky Modes of Multilayered Omega

Structures " - Chapter in Advances in Electromagnetics of Complex Media andMetamaterials , Sad Zouhdi, Ari Sihvola, and Mohamed Arsalane , Kluwer Academic ,Dordrecht, Netherlands , 2002 .

Papers in Journals - Mota, S.M.; A.S. Silva; M. D. Dinis; J. Fernandes; " Radio Transmission and

Experimental Channel Characterisation Using an MBS Platform Operating in the 40 GHzBand ", Wireless Personal Communications Journal , Vol. 21 , No. 3 , pp. 245 - 267 ,June , 2002 .

Papers in Conference Proceedings

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- Caldeirinha, R.F.S.; A. Seville; D. Ndzi; J. Richter; N. Neil Rogers; N. Savage; " A enericModel for Propagation through Vegetation ", Proc URSI General Assembly , --- ,Netherlands , Vol. - , pp. - - - , August , 2002 .,

- Caldeirinha, R.F.S.; M. AL-Nuaimi; J. Richter; " Phase Function Measurement forModelling Radiowave Attenuation and Scatter in Vegetation based on The theory of

Radiative energy Transfer ", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Personal, Indoor andMobile Radio Commun - PIMRC , Lisbon , Portugal , Vol. - , pp. - - - , September , 2002- Caldeirinha, R.F.S.; M. AL-Nuaimi; " Propagation Modelling of Bistatics Scattering of

Isolated Trees for Micro- and Millimeter Wave Urban Microcells ", Proc IEEEInternational Symp. on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Commun - PIMRC , Lisbon ,Portugal , Vol. - , pp. - - - , September , 2002 .

- Caldeirinha, R.F.S.; M. AL-Nuaimi; " Wideband Characterisation of the DispersiveEffects on Isolated Mature Trees for 2-GHz Band Urban Microcells ", Proc URSI GeneralAssembly , Maastricht , Netherlands , Vol. - , pp. - - - , August , 2002 .,

- Cardoso, F.; L. M. Correia; " A Time-domain Technique for Fading DepthCharacterisation in Wideband Mobile Communication Systems ", Proc URSI General

Assembly , Maastricht , Netherlands , Vol. - , pp. - - - , August , 2002 .,- Cardoso, F.; L. M. Correia; " Fading Depth Evaluation in Mobile Communications - from

GSM to Future Mobile Broadband Systems ", Proc IEEE International Symp. onPersonal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Commun - PIMRC , Lisbon , Portugal , Vol. - , pp.125 - 129 , September , 2002 .

- Janeiro, F. M.; A. Topa; C. R. Paiva; " Leakage characteristics of open chirowaveguides Dielectric slabs and optical fibers ", Proc International Conf. on Electromagnetics ofComplex Media - BIANISOTROPICS , Marrakech , Morocco , Vol. 1 , pp. 69 - 69 , May ,2002 .,

- Monteiro, V.; M. D. Dinis; J. Garcia; " Millimetre-Wave Channel Impulse ResponseExperimental Evaluation and Relation Between Delay Spread and Channel CoherenceBandwidth ", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Personal, Indoor and Mobile RadioCommun - PIMRC , Lisbon , Portugal , Vol. 13 , pp. 2292 - 2296 , September , 2002 .

- Monteiro, V.; M. D. Dinis; J. Garcia; " Millimetre-Wave Channel Impulse ResponseMeasurements and Comparison with Ray Tracing Simulation Results ", Proc IEEEInternational Symp. on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Commun - PIMRC , Lisbon ,Portugal , Vol. 13 , pp. 463 - 467 , August , 2002 .

- Mota, S.M.; A. Rocha; " A ''Poor Man'' System for Directional Channel MeasurementsUsing a Synthetic Array ", Proc IASTED International Conf. on Communication Systemsand Networks - CSN , Mlaga , Spain , Vol. Proc. of the IASTED International Conf. onCommunications and Computer Networks, 2002 , pp. 547 - 551 , September , 2002 .

- Mota, S.M.; A. Rocha; " Parameter Estimation of Synthetic and Real Radio ChannelsUsing the SAGE Algorithm ", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Personal, Indoor andMobile Radio Commun - PIMRC , Lisbon , Portugal , Vol. 2 , pp. 634 - 638 , September ,2002 .

- Ramos, H. M.; F. M. Janeiro; A. Topa; C. R. Paiva; " Material and waveguide dispersionin a symmetric planar chirowaveguide ", Proc International Conf. on Electromagneticsof Complex Media - BIANISOTROPICS , Marrakech , Morocco , Vol. 1 , pp. 75 - 75 , May, 2002 .,

- Silveirinha, M.S.; C. A. Fernandes; " Full-Wave Computation of the Effective Permittivityof Wire Media ", Proc International Conf. on Electromagnetics of Complex Media -BIANISOTROPICS , Marraquesh , Morocco , Vol. , pp. - , April , 2002 .,

- Silveirinha, M.S.; C. A. Fernandes; " An Hybrid Method for the Calculation of the BandStructure of 2D Photonic Crystals ", Proc IEEE AP-S/URSI International Symp. , SanAntonio, Tx , United States , Vol. , pp. - , June , 2002 .

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