1 TEACHING WITH PRIMARY SOURCES—MTSU PRIMARY SOURCE SET: The Middle Ages to the Exploration of the Americas HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The period from the fall of the Roman Empire to the spread of new ideas based on science and reason across Eurasia established the basis of what would become the modern nations that we know today. It bridges the ancient and modern worlds, covering over a thousand years of history. Europe formed from the remnants of the western Roman Empire. North Africa and the Middle East prospered under the spread of Islamic rule. Civiliza- tions clashed and combined in the newly discovered Americas. Powers around the globe expanded their trading networks along with their knowledge of the world. Two of the major themes include the solidi- fication, expansion, and power of Christian and Mus- lim doctrine and influence, and the development of technology and scientific knowledge to enable long- distance travel, trade, and communications. Anoth- er theme is the growth of a worldview based on rea- son—in opposition to religious influence but parallel to the advance of scientific knowledge—which led to the European Enlightenment and global cultural ex- change. This period of history not only sets the stage for modern world history, but it also provides context for the settlement of the American colonies and the founding of the United States SUGGESTIONS FOR TEACHERS With the shift in 7th-grade teaching from geography to World History and Geography, teachers are in great need of resources to cover the additional material. Therefore, this primary source set is geared towards the 7th grade Social Studies curriculum standards. The curricular units, such as “Africa, 400 A.D./C.E.-1500s” and “The Renais- sance and Reformation,” are retained here in the subhead- ings, about two per page, and follow the order in the standards. Seventh grade teachers can use this set throughout the year as they cover different civilizations and events. Several of the following primary sources are parts of online exhibitions that would make good secondary source reading assignments for students, due to the ex- planatory narrative and development of world history themes. ADDITIONAL LINKS World Digital Library World History Links Guide Medieval History newsletter (March 2013) World History & Cultures newsletter (September 2009) Browse by Topic: World History & Cultures A new and correct map of the world : laid down according to the newest observations & discoveries in several different pro- jections including the trade winds, monsoons, variation of the compass, and illustrated with a coelestial planisphere, the vari- ous systems of Ptolomy, Copernicus, and Tycho Brahe togeth- er with ye apearances of the planets &c. / [1702]
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1
TEACHING WITH PRIMARY SOURCES—MTSU
PRIMARY SOURCE SET: The Middle Ages to the
Exploration of the Americas
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The period from the fall of the Roman Empire to the spread of new ideas based on science and reason across Eurasia established the basis of what would become the modern nations that we know today. It bridges the ancient and modern worlds, covering over a thousand years of history.
Europe formed from the remnants of the western Roman Empire. North Africa and the Middle East prospered under the spread of Islamic rule. Civiliza-tions clashed and combined in the newly discovered Americas. Powers around the globe expanded their trading networks along with their knowledge of the world. Two of the major themes include the solidi-fication, expansion, and power of Christian and Mus-lim doctrine and influence, and the development of technology and scientific knowledge to enable long-distance travel, trade, and communications. Anoth-er theme is the growth of a worldview based on rea-son—in opposition to religious influence but parallel to the advance of scientific knowledge—which led to the European Enlightenment and global cultural ex-change.
This period of history not only sets the stage for modern world history, but it also provides context for the settlement of the American colonies and the founding of the United States
SUGGESTIONS FOR TEACHERS
With the shift in 7th-grade teaching from geography to
World History and Geography, teachers are in great need
of resources to cover the additional material. Therefore,
this primary source set is geared towards the 7th grade
Social Studies curriculum standards. The curricular units,
such as “Africa, 400 A.D./C.E.-1500s” and “The Renais-
sance and Reformation,” are retained here in the subhead-
ings, about two per page, and follow the order in the
standards. Seventh grade teachers can use this set
throughout the year as they cover different civilizations
and events.
Several of the following primary sources are parts of
online exhibitions that would make good secondary
source reading assignments for students, due to the ex-
planatory narrative and development of world history
themes.
ADDITIONAL LINKS
World Digital Library
World History Links Guide
Medieval History newsletter (March 2013)
World History & Cultures newsletter (September
2009)
Browse by Topic: World History & Cultures
A new and correct map of the world : laid down according to the newest observations & discoveries in several different pro-jections including the trade winds, monsoons, variation of the compass, and illustrated with a coelestial planisphere, the vari-ous systems of Ptolomy, Copernicus, and Tycho Brahe togeth-er with ye apearances of the planets &c. / [1702]
[detail; transcription of translation available here]
A new and correct map of the world : laid down according to the newest
observations & discoveries in several different projections including the
trade winds, monsoons, variation of the compass… [1702]
Compound microscope as rendered
by artist in Descartes "La Diop-
trique" [1637, detail]
The Gutenberg Bible [1455]
Reproduction of
page from note-
book of Leonar-
do da Vinci
showing giant
crossbow
[between 1894
and 1904
(reproduction)]
The muscles of the left leg, seen from the front, and the bones and muscles of the right leg seen in right profile, and between them, a patella. Drawing by Michelangelo Buo-narroti, ca. 1515-1520. Ninety-Five Theses [1517,
Panel of Illumination, Qur'anic verses. Manuscript. 9th century. From Library of Congress, African and Middle East Division/Global Gate-
way: Selections of Arabic, Persian, and Ottoman Calligraphy. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?intldl/ascsbib:@field%
28DOCID+@lit%28ascs000140%29%29
Letter of Süleyman the Magnificent to Francis I, King of France. Manuscript. Istanbul, 1536. From Library of Congress, Exhibits: Creating
French Culture: The Path to Royal Absolutism. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/bnf/bnf0004.html
Africa, 400 A.D./C.E.-1500s
This map shows the trip to Mecca made in A.D. 1324 by the fabulously wealthy king Mansa Musa (reigned, 1312?-37) of the Mali Empire. With
the map is an explanation of some of the symbols it uses. Map. 13th century. From Library of Congress, Africana Collections: Library of Con-
gress: An Illustrated Guide. http://www.loc.gov/rr/amed/guide/afr-encounters.html
Krǝstos, Mäṭre. Ethiopian Gospels. Book. 1300-1350 CE. From World Digital Library, Walter Art Museum. http://www.wdl.org/en/
item/13018/
The Psalm of David, Ge'ez Manuscript Psalter. Manuscript. 15th-16th century. From Library of Congress, Africana Collections: Library of
Congress: An Illustrated Guide. http://www.loc.gov/rr/amed/guide/afr-creative.html
Homann, Erben. Gvinea propia, nec non Nigritiæ vel Terræ Nigrorvm maxima pars : geographis hodiernis dicta utraq[ue] Æthiopia inferior, &
hujus quidem pars australis /. Map. Norimb[ergæ] : Homannianorum Heredum, 1743. From Library of Congress, Geography and Map
Division. http://www.loc.gov/item/96687096/
China, 400 A.D./C.E.-1500s
[Da Ming yu di tu]. Map. China, 1547-1559. From Library of Congress, Geography and Maps Division. http://www.loc.gov/
item/2002626776/
Petis de la Croix, Francois. “The history of Genghizcan the Great, first emperor of the antient Moguls and Tartars; in four books: containing his life,
advancement and conquests; with a short history of his successors to the present time; the manners, customs and laws of the antient Moguls and Tar-
tars; and the late geography of the vast countries of Mogolistan, Turquestan, Capschac, Yugurestan, and the Eastern and Western Tartary. Collected
from several Oriental authors, and European travellers; whose names, with an abridgment of their lives, are added to this book. By the late M. Petis
Buonarroti, Michelangelo. “The muscles of the left leg, seen from the front, and the bones and muscles of the right leg seen in right profile, and between them, a patella. Drawing by Michelangelo Buonarroti, ca. 1515-1520.” Illustration. c 1515-1520. From World Digital Library, Wellcome Library. http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3249/
Luther, Martin. Ninety-Five Theses. Manuscript. Nuremberg: Hieronymus Höltzel, 1517 CE. From World Digital Library, Berlin State Library-Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation. http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7497/
Luther, Martin. Ninety-Five Theses. Transcription. December 31, 1992. From Fordham University, Genie Religion & Ethics RT. http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/luther95.txt
The Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution
Godson, W. A new and correct map of the world : laid down according to the newest observations & discoveries in several different projections in-cluding the trade winds, monsoons, variation of the compass, and illustrated with a coelestial planisphere, the various systems of Ptolomy, Copernicus, and Tycho Brahe together with ye apearances of the planets &c. /. Map. London: George Willdey, 1702. From Library of Congress, Geog-raphy and Map Division. http://www.loc.gov/item/2006629779/
Newton, Issac. “Reproduction of rough sketch by Isaac Newton showing a reflecting telescope and its components.” Photochemical print. London: Royal Society at the University Press, 1959-1977. From Library of Congress, Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2006690472/
“Compound microscope as rendered by artist in Descartes ‘La Dioptrique.’” Woodcut. Leyde: De limprimerie de I. Maire, 1637. From Library of Congress, Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2006690473/
Montesquieu. Montesquieu to George Washington, April 25, 1785. Letter. From Library of Congress, George Washington Papers, 1741-1799. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mgw4&fileName=gwpage095.db&recNum=251
Montesquieu. To George Washington from Charles-Louis de Montesquieu, 25 April 1785. Letter. From Nation Archives and Records Ad-ministration, National Historical Publications and Records Commission: Founders Online. http://founders.archives.gov/?q=montesquieu%20washington%20april%2025%201785&s=1111311111&sa=&r=3&sr=
The Age of Exploration
Huexotzinco Codex, 1531. Manuscript. 1531. From Library of Congress, Manuscript Division. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trt045.html
The Huexotzinco Codex: Lesson Overview. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, Teachers. http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/lessons/codex/index.html
“Tortuguero Box, Tabasco, Mexico. Maya, Classic Period, A.D. 681.” Wood (sapodilla?) and red hematite. 681 AD. From Library of Congress, Jay I. Kislak Collection. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/kislak/kislak-exhibit.html#obj12
Chambers, Irene et al. The Cultures and History of the Americas: The Jay I. Kislak Collection at the Library of Congress: Interactive Objects: Tor-tuguero Box. Special Presentation. From the Library of Congress, Jay I Kislak Collection. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/kislak/tortuguerobox/index.html
Columbus, Christopher. Concerning Discovered Islands: Letter of Christopher Columbus, to Whom Our Age is Greatly Indebted, Concerning Is-lands Recently Discovered in the Indian Ocean. Letter. Basel, Switzerland: Jakob Wolff, 1493. From World Digital Library, John Carter Brown Library. http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2828/
Columbus, Christopher. A Letter of Christopher Columbus. Letter. Rome: Stephan Plannck, 1493. From World Digital Library, Library of Congress. http://www.wdl.org/en/item/90/
Columbus, Christopher. Medieval Sourcebook: Christopher Columbus: Extracts from Journal. Transcription. 1492. From Fordham Universi-ty, Internet Medieval Source Book. http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/columbus1.asp
Evangelium Sanctum Domini Nostri Jesu Christi. Woodcut illustrations and manuscript. Rome: Typographia Medicea, 1590. From Li-brary of Congress, Exhibitions: Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/vatican/orient.html#obj13
Ellis, Kathryn D. et al. 1492: An Ongoing Voyage: The Mediterranean World. Special Presentation. October 2000. From Library of Con-gress, Exhibitions: 1492: An Ongoing Voyage. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/1492/mediterr.html
Waldseemüller, Martin. Universalis cosmographia secundum Ptholomaei traditionem et Americi Vespucii alioru[m]que lustrationes. Map. St. Die, France, 1507. From Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division. http://www.loc.gov/item/2003626426/
Waldseemüller’s Map: World 1507. Special Presentation. From Library of Congress, Teachers. http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/lessons/waldseemuller/preparation.html