ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 6th Edition · v Preface Preface ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 6th Edition 2013 abbreviations in conformity with R. K. Brummitt and C. E.
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ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 6th Edition
ISTA Nomenclature Committee
Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema
Published byThe International Seed Testing Association (ISTA)Zürichstr. 50, CH-8303 Bassersdorf, Switzerland
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from ISTA.
ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names
6th Edition 2013ii
1st Edition 1966ISTA Nomenclature CommitteeChair: Prof. P. A. Linehan
2nd Edition 1983ISTA Nomenclature CommitteeChair: Dr. H. Pirson
3rd Edition 1988ISTA Nomenclature CommitteeChair: Dr. W. A. Brandenburg
4th Edition 2001ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema
5th Edition 2007ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema
6th Edition 2013ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema
iii
Contents
Con
tent
s
ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names
6th Edition 2013
Contents
Con
tent
s
Contents
Preface ...................................................... iv
Acknowledgements .................................... v
Symbols and abbreviations ....................... vi
ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names ........... 1
A .................................................................1
B ...............................................................10
C ...............................................................13
D ...............................................................24
E ...............................................................27
F ...............................................................32
G ...............................................................33
H ...............................................................36
R ...............................................................64
S ...............................................................65
T ...............................................................72
U ...............................................................76
V ...............................................................77
W ..............................................................80
X ...............................................................80
Z ...............................................................80
Preface
Pref
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ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names
6th Edition 2013iv
Preface
The current ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names rep-resents the 6th edition of this work. Previous editions were completed and published in 1966, 1983, 1988, 2001, and 2007. Individual names on the List are to be stabilized for a period of at least six years. After a 13-year hiatus following the 1988 edition, numer-ous changes were made for the 2001 edition, so the ISTA Nomenclature Committee thereafter refrained from proposing changes to any name, regardless of its initial date of stabilization, until the 2007 edition. With this 2013 edition, we are continuing the regu-lar cycle of publication established for the last two editions. Although only six years have now elapsed, many changes or adjustments in nomenclature for the plants treated here have occurred. These mostly result from recent advancements in taxonomic clas-sification or from the nomenclatural actions of an International Botanical Congress, the latter reflect-ed in the 2012 International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) (ICN) adopted by the 2011 Melbourne Congress (J. Mc-Neill et al., Regnum Vegetabile 154, A. R. G. Gant-ner Verlag, 2012).
In preparation for this new edition, several reports containing items for possible change from the pre-vious edition were prepared by the Nomenclature Committee Chair, by consulting the taxonomic data of the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), and made available to Committee members on the Web. These reports included:– 28 names from ISTA Rules, etc. to be added to
the Stabilized List. – 214 names in GRIN with family differences from
the Stabilized List. – 4 names with incorrect spelling from the Stabi-
lized List. – 50 names with incorrect authors from the Stabi-
lized List. – 4 synonym names with improper link to correct
names in the Stabilized List. – 165 proposed nomenclatural or taxonomic
changes to the Stabilized List.
The items included in these reports were evaluated individually by Nomenclature Committee members. The resulting Nomenclature Committee Ballot, also made available on the Web, summarizes the results of Committee voting. From these results, a docu-ment containing the “Proposed Changes to the ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names” approved by Commit-tee vote was submitted to and approved by the 30th ISTA Congress in Antalya, Turkey in 2013.
The approved list of changes includes 239 entries that detail changes to names, or around 8.2%, of the 2898 included in edition 5 of the Stabilized List. They involve 4 spelling changes, 45 changes to author-ship of names, 4 changes in linkage between syno-nyms and correct names, 63 changes in family clas-sification, acceptance of 41 names formerly treated as synonyms, addition of 63 new accepted names and 32 new synonyms, and reduction of 92 formerly accepted names to synonymy. Those changes (58) impacting the International Rules for Seed Testing were made available to the Rules Committee for in-corporation into Edition 2014, to be published simul-taneously with this document.
The current edition thus includes 2993 entries, comprising 2377 accepted names and 616 syno-nyms, and representing 188 different vascular plant families. Since ISTA stabilization has thus far been extended only to names at species rank or above, the accompanying list consists mostly of binomi-als, although it now includes 30 trinomials among its synonyms. In the Stabilized List two different methods are employed in linking synonyms to their correct names, depending upon the relationship be-tween them. An equals (“=”) sign links the two names when either infraspecific categories (i.e. subspecies or varieties) are not recognized under the accepted binomial or the synonymy is to the typical element. For example, Phaseolus lathyroides = Macroptilium lathyroides (no infraspecific categories recognized), or Dichanthium ischaemum = Bothriochloa ischae-mum (actually B. ischaemum var. ischaemum). How-ever, when the synonymy is to an accepted non-typ-ical element, even when this is only a cultivar, the phrase “included in” precedes the accepted name. For example, Brassica campestris “included in Bras-sica rapa” (as subsp. oleifera) or Erica maweana “in-cluded in Erica ciliaris” (as the cultivar ‘Maweana’).
A few names include Group epithets, the for-mation of which is covered under the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (C. D. Brickell et al., Scripta Horticulturae 10, International Society for Horticultural Science, 2009). The remain-ing names conform to the latest (2012) edition of the ICN. Since the ICN authorizes usage of alterna-tive names for several vascular plant families, both alternatives are provided in the accompanying list, and usage of either one is acceptable. Such alterna-tive family names include Compositae/Asteraceae, Cruciferae/Brassicaceae, Gramineae/Poaceae, Gut-tiferae/Clusiaceae, Labiatae/Lamiaceae, Legumi-nosae/Fabaceae, Palmae/Arecaceae, and Umbellif-erae/Apiaceae. The ICN also standardizes its author
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Preface
Pref
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ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names
6th Edition 2013
abbreviations in conformity with R. K. Brummitt and C. E. Powell, Authors of Plant Names (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1992), now updated on the Web, and this practice is followed here as with the 5th edition.
Although the ICN no longer requires this, in the accompanying list the complete author citation is presented for all names. To provide some under-standing of its various components, a brief explana-tion of authorship is provided here. In a given author citation the original author’s or authors’ name(s) ap-pear in parenthesis when later author(s) transferred the original species or infraspecies to another genus or rank, thereby creating a new combination of epi-thets. For example, Tristania conferta R. Br., upon transfer to the genus Lophostemon, becomes L. confertus (R. Br.) Peter G. Wilson & J. T. Waterh. When “ex” connects two sets of authors, the first author(s) proposed a name but did not validly publish it as required by the ICN; later the second author(s) validly published the name while crediting the first author(s). For example, when validly published by George Bentham, the name Mimulus cardinalis was credited to David Douglas, who collected and named the specimen Bentham used to publish his descrip-tion of the plant, thus we have M. cardinalis Doug-las ex Benth. When citing authorship for such cases only the publishing author need be included (i.e., the author(s) preceding the “ex” may be omitted, e.g. M. cardinalis Benth.), although for completeness both are provided in the Stabilized List.
GRIN’s taxonomic data have been a substantial asset in the compilation of the Stabilized List. Al-though the data yielding this compilation reside in GRIN, they exist apart from GRIN Taxonomy and the content of these data reflects only what has been approved by ISTA and its Nomenclature Committee. Nevertheless, in the GRIN web version of this docu-ment linkages to the extensive data in GRIN Taxono-my on common names, native distribution, economic impacts, and literature references for the names on
the list have been included, although it will be appar-ent to those who pursue those links that some of the names in GRIN Taxonomy have differing treatments. In fact, a report of all such differences, or searches of these names by taxonomic or other criteria, is availa-ble in GRIN. As already mentioned, this report was of considerable benefit in locating nomenclature items for consideration by the Nomenclature Committee in the preparation of our proposals to the Antalya Con-gress of 2013, thereby providing for increased har-monization with the nomenclature of the Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) of North America, which has adopted GRIN Taxonomy as its nomen-clatural standard.
AcknowledgementsThe Nomenclature Committee Chair thanks the fol-lowing members for their contributions to this docu-ment, namely Bernard R. Baum, Michel Chauvet, Sandy Dawson, Axel Diederichsen, Kees van Ettek-oven, Niall Green, Karl Hammer, Wilbert L. A. Hetter-scheid, Charles E. Jarvis, Klaus Pistrick, and Michel Porcher. The Committee gratefully acknowledges the contributions of Steve Jones, as well as the staff of the ISTA Secretariat, for assistance in present-ing the Nomenclature Committee Report pertaining to this document to the 2013 Ordinary Meeting of ISTA. Gratitude is also due to Steve Jones, the Rules Committee Chair, for accommodating the changes reflected in this document into the 2014 Proposed Rules Changes, and to the ISTA Secretariat for as-sistance with hardcopy publication of this document. And finally, the Chair thanks his home institution, the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS) and its Germplasm Resources Information Network, with-out whose support this work would not have been possible.
Symbols and abbreviations
Sym
bols
and
abb
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atio
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ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names
6th Edition 2013vi
Symbols and abbreviations
(For author abbreviations see Preface.)
× denotes a cross between two species (e.g., Sor-ghum bicolor × Sorghum halepense), a binomial for a hybrid (e.g., S. ×almum), or an intergeneric hybrid (e.g., ×Triticosecale)
= follows synonyms and precedes their accepted names
Amer. Americananon. anonymousauct. auctorum (Latin): of authors. Used to repre-
sent the incorrect usage of a name that has been widely misapplied.
auct. mult. auctorum multorum (Latin): of many authors. Used to represent a common incorrect usage of a name that has been widely misapplied.
auct. pl. auctorum plurimorum (Latin): of most authors. Used to represent the preponderant in-correct usage of a name that has been widely misapplied.
Austral. Australian.f. when following an author, filius (Latin): son (e.g.
L. f.: son of Linnaeus).hort. hortulanorum (Latin): of gardeners.orth. var. orthographic variant, i.e., an incorrect al-
ternate spelling of a name according to Art. 61 of International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.
subsp. subspecies, a lower taxonomic rank than species.
var. variety, a taxonomic rank below subspecies and above forma.
1
A
A
ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names
6th Edition 2013
AAbelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
[Synonym: Hibiscus esculentus L.]Malvaceae
Abies alba Mill. PinaceaeAbies amabilis Douglas ex J. Forbes PinaceaeAbies balsamea (L.) Mill. PinaceaeAbies cephalonica Loudon PinaceaeAbies cilicica (Antoine & Kotschy) Carrière PinaceaeAbies concolor (Gordon & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. PinaceaeAbies firma Siebold & Zucc. PinaceaeAbies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. PinaceaeAbies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl. PinaceaeAbies homolepis Siebold & Zucc. PinaceaeAbies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. PinaceaeAbies magnifica A. Murray PinaceaeAbies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach PinaceaeAbies numidica de Lannoy ex Carrière PinaceaeAbies pinsapo Boiss. PinaceaeAbies procera Rehder PinaceaeAbies sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Mast. PinaceaeAbies veitchii Lindl. PinaceaeAbrus precatorius L. FabaceaeAbutilon ×hybridum hort. ex Voss MalvaceaeAbutilon megapotamicum (A. Spreng.) A. St.-Hil. & Naudin MalvaceaeAbutilon ochsenii (Phil.) Reiche
= Corynabutilon ochsenii (Phil.) KearneyMalvaceae
Abutilon pictum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Walp. MalvaceaeAbutilon striatum Dicks. ex Lindl. MalvaceaeAbutilon theophrasti Medik. MalvaceaeAbutilon vitifolium (Cav.) C. Presl
[Synonym: Acer tataricum L. subsp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesm.]Aceraceae
Acer negundo L. AceraceaeAcer palmatum Thunb. AceraceaeAcer platanoides L. AceraceaeAcer pseudoplatanus L. AceraceaeAcer rubrum L. AceraceaeAcer saccharinum L. AceraceaeAcer saccharum Marshall Aceraceae
Achillea argentea hort., non Lam. = Achillea umbellata Sm.
Asteraceae
Achillea clavennae auct., non L. = Achillea umbellata Sm.
Asteraceae
Achillea clavennae L. Asteraceae Achillea filipendulina Lam. AsteraceaeAchillea millefolium L. AsteraceaeAchillea ptarmica L. AsteraceaeAchillea umbellata Sm.
[Synonyms: Achillea argentea hort., non Lam.; Achillea clavennae auct., non L.]Asteraceae
Aconitum napellus L. RanunculaceaeAconitum vulparia Rchb.
[Synonyms: Aconitum lycoctonum auct., non L.; Aconitum lycoctonum L. subsp. vulparia (Rchb.) Nyman]
Ranunculaceae
Acorus calamus L. AcoraceaeAcroceras macrum Stapf PoaceaeAcroptilon repens (L.) DC.
= Rhaponticum repens (L.) HidalgoAsteraceae
Adansonia digitata L. BombacaceaeAdina cordifolia (Roxb.) Hook. f. ex Brandis
= Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) RidsdaleRubiaceae
Adonis aestivalis L. RanunculaceaeAdonis annua L. RanunculaceaeAdonis vernalis L. RanunculaceaeAechmea magdalenae (André) André ex Baker BromeliaceaeAegilops triuncialis L.
Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa RutaceaeAeschynomene americana L. FabaceaeAeschynomene aspera L. FabaceaeAeschynomene indica L.
[Synonym: Aeschynomene virginica auct., non Britton et al.]Fabaceae
Aeschynomene virginica auct., non Britton et al. = Aeschynomene indica L.
Fabaceae
Aesculus hippocastanum L. HippocastanaceaeAethusa cynapium L. ApiaceaeAfzelia africana Sm. ex Pers. FabaceaeAgathis australis (D. Don) Steud. AraucariaceaeAgave cantula Roxb. AgavaceaeAgave sisalana Perrine AgavaceaeAgeratina adenophora (Spreng.) R. M. King & H. Rob.
Althaea officinalis L. MalvaceaeAlthaea rosea (L.) Cav.
= Alcea rosea L.Malvaceae
Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. FabaceaeAlyssum alyssoides (L.) L. BrassicaceaeAlyssum argenteum All. BrassicaceaeAlyssum maritimum (L.) Lam.
= Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.Brassicaceae
Alyssum montanum L. BrassicaceaeAlyssum saxatile L.
= Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv.Brassicaceae
Amaranthus albus L. AmaranthaceaeAmaranthus caudatus L. AmaranthaceaeAmaranthus cruentus L.
[Synonym: Amaranthus paniculatus L.]Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. AmaranthaceaeAmaranthus hybridus L. AmaranthaceaeAmaranthus paniculatus L.
= Amaranthus cruentus L.Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus retroflexus L. AmaranthaceaeAmaranthus spinosus L. AmaranthaceaeAmaranthus tricolor L. AmaranthaceaeAmaranthus viridis L. AmaranthaceaeAmaryllis belladonna L. AmaryllidaceaeAmberboa moschata (L.) DC.
[Synonyms: Centaurea imperialis hort., non Hausskn. ex Bornm.; Centaurea moschata L.]
Asteraceae
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. AsteraceaeAmbrosia grayi (A. Nelson) Shinners
Anthemis cotula L. AsteraceaeAnthemis tinctoria L.
[Synonym: Cota tinctoria (L.) J. Gay]Asteraceae
Anthoxanthum odoratum L. PoaceaeAnthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. ApiaceaeAnthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. ApiaceaeAnthyllis vulneraria L. FabaceaeAntidesma bunius (L.) Spreng. PhyllanthaceaeAntidesma platyphyllum H. Mann PhyllanthaceaeAntirrhinum majus L. ScrophulariaceaeApera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv. PoaceaeAphanes arvensis L.
[Synonym: Alchemilla arvensis (L.) Scop.]Rosaceae
Apium graveolens L. ApiaceaeApium leptophyllum (Pers.) F. Muell. ex Benth.
= Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague ex Britton & P. WilsonApiaceae
Aquilegia alpina L. RanunculaceaeAquilegia canadensis L. RanunculaceaeAquilegia chrysantha A. Gray RanunculaceaeAquilegia ×cultorum Bergmans
Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC. PrimulaceaeAreca alba Bory
= Dictyosperma album (Bory) H. Wendl. & Drude ex Scheff.Arecaceae
Areca lutescens hort., non Bory = Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.) Beentje & J. Dransf.
Arecaceae
Arenaria serpyllifolia L. CaryophyllaceaeArgania spinosa (L.) Skeels SapotaceaeArgemone mexicana L. PapaveraceaeArgyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch. Bip.
[Synonym: Chrysanthemum frutescens L.]Asteraceae
Aristolochia elegans Mast. [Synonym: Aristolochia littoralis auct., non D. Parodi]
Aristolochiaceae
Aristolochia littoralis auct., non D. Parodi = Aristolochia elegans Mast.
Aristolochiaceae
Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. = Prunus armeniaca L.
Rosaceae
Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd. PlumbaginaceaeArmeria splendens (Lag. & Rodr.) Webb PlumbaginaceaeArmoracia rusticana G. Gaertn. et al. BrassicaceaeArnica montana L. AsteraceaeArnoseris minima (L.) Schweigg. & Körte AsteraceaeArracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr. ApiaceaeArrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl PoaceaeArtemisia absinthium L. AsteraceaeArtemisia dracunculus L. AsteraceaeArtemisia maritima L. AsteraceaeArtemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. AsteraceaeArtemisia vulgaris L. AsteraceaeArtocarpus heterophyllus Lam. MoraceaeArundo donax L. PoaceaeAsclepias curassavica L. ApocynaceaeAsclepias fruticosa L.
= Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) W. T. AitonApocynaceae
Asclepias labriformis M. E. Jones ApocynaceaeAsclepias subverticillata (A. Gray) Vail ApocynaceaeAsclepias syriaca L. ApocynaceaeAsclepias tuberosa L. ApocynaceaeAsparagus aethiopicus L.
[Synonyms: Asparagus densiflorus auct., non Jessop; Asparagus sprengeri Regel]Asparagaceae
Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop AsparagaceaeAsparagus densiflorus auct., non Jessop
= Asparagus aethiopicus L.Asparagaceae
Asparagus falcatus L. AsparagaceaeAsparagus officinalis L. AsparagaceaeAsparagus plumosus Baker
[Synonym: Asparagus setaceus auct., non Jessop]Asparagaceae
Ballota nigra L. LamiaceaeBarbarea vulgaris R. Br. BrassicaceaeBasella alba L. BasellaceaeBassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze ChenopodiaceaeBassia scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott
Brassica campestris L. included in Brassica rapa L.
Brassicaceae
Brassica chinensis L. included in Brassica rapa L.
Brassicaceae
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. BrassicaceaeBrassica kaber (DC.) L. C. Wheeler
= Sinapis arvensis L.Brassicaceae
Brassica napus L. BrassicaceaeBrassica nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch BrassicaceaeBrassica oleracea L. BrassicaceaeBrassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.
included in Brassica rapa L.Brassicaceae
Brassica perviridis (L. H. Bailey) L. H. Bailey included in Brassica rapa L.
Brassicaceae
Brassica rapa L. [Including: Brassica campestris L.; Brassica chinensis L.; Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.; Brassica perviridis (L. H. Bailey) L. H. Bailey]
Brassicaceae
Brassica tournefortii Gouan BrassicaceaeBriza maxima L. PoaceaeBriza minor L. PoaceaeBromus arvensis L. PoaceaeBromus carinatus Hook. & Arn. PoaceaeBromus carinatus Hook. & Arn. var. marginatus (Steud.) Barkworth & Anderton
Campanula fragilis Cirillo CampanulaceaeCampanula garganica Ten. CampanulaceaeCampanula glomerata L. CampanulaceaeCampanula lactiflora M. Bieb. CampanulaceaeCampanula medium L. CampanulaceaeCampanula pallida Wall.
[Synonym: Campanula colorata Wall.]Campanulaceae
Campanula persicifolia L. CampanulaceaeCampanula portenschlagiana Schult. CampanulaceaeCampanula pyramidalis L. CampanulaceaeCampanula rapunculus L. CampanulaceaeCampanula speculum-veneris L.
Cardaria pubescens (C. A. Mey.) Jarm. = Lepidium appelianum Al-Shehbaz
Brassicaceae
Carduus acanthoides L. AsteraceaeCarduus crispus L. AsteraceaeCarduus nutans L. AsteraceaeCarduus pycnocephalus L. AsteraceaeCarduus tenuiflorus Curtis AsteraceaeCarex elata All. CyperaceaeCarex longibracteata Steud.
= Carex myosurus NeesCyperaceae
Carex myosurus Nees [Synonym: Carex longibracteata Steud.]
Carica candamarcensis Hook. f. = Vasconcellea pubescens A. DC.
Caricaceae
Carica papaya L. CaricaceaeCarica pubescens Lenné & Koch
= Vasconcellea pubescens A. DC.Caricaceae
Carludovica palmata Ruiz & Pav. CyclanthaceaeCarpinus betulus L. BetulaceaeCarthamus glaucus M. Bieb. AsteraceaeCarthamus lanatus L. AsteraceaeCarthamus leucocaulos Sm. AsteraceaeCarthamus oxyacantha M. Bieb. AsteraceaeCarthamus tinctorius L. AsteraceaeCarum carvi L. ApiaceaeCarya glabra (Mill.) Sweet JuglandaceaeCarya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch JuglandaceaeCarya tomentosa (Lam.) Nutt. JuglandaceaeCaryopteris incana (Thunb. ex Houtt.) Miq. LamiaceaeCassia alata L.
= Senna alata (L.) Roxb.Fabaceae
Cassia fistula L. FabaceaeCassia grandis L. f. FabaceaeCassia retusa Vogel
= Senna gaudichaudii (Hook. & Arn.) H. S. Irwin & BarnebyFabaceae
[Synonym: Castanopsis purpurella (Miq.) N. P. Balakr.]Fagaceae
Castanopsis purpurella (Miq.) N. P. Balakr. = Castanopsis hystrix Miq.
Fagaceae
Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. CasuarinaceaeCasuarina equisetifolia L. CasuarinaceaeCatananche caerulea L. AsteraceaeCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don ApocynaceaeCedrela odorata L. MeliaceaeCedrus atlantica (Endl.) G. Manetti ex Carrière PinaceaeCedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D. Don) G. Don PinaceaeCedrus libani A. Rich. PinaceaeCeiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. BombacaceaeCelosia argentea L. AmaranthaceaeCenchrus biflorus Roxb. PoaceaeCenchrus ciliaris L.
[Synonym: Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link]Poaceae
Cenchrus echinatus L. PoaceaeCenchrus gracillimus Nash PoaceaeCenchrus incertus M. A. Curtis
Chlorocardium rodiei (M. R. Schomb.) Rohwer et al. [Synonym: Ocotea rodiei (M. R. Schomb.) Mez]
Lauraceae
Chloroxylon swietenia DC. RutaceaeChondrilla juncea L. AsteraceaeChorispora tenella (Pall.) DC. BrassicaceaeChromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob.
[Synonym: Eupatorium odoratum L.]Asteraceae
Chrozophora plicata (Vahl) A. Juss. ex Spreng. EuphorbiaceaeChrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl.
= Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.) Beentje & J. Dransf.Arecaceae
Coffea arabica L. RubiaceaeCoffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner RubiaceaeCoix lacryma-jobi L. PoaceaeCola acuminata (P. Beauv.) Schott & Endl. SterculiaceaeCola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl. SterculiaceaeColchicum autumnale L. ColchicaceaeColchicum byzantinum Ker Gawl. ColchicaceaeColdenia procumbens L. BoraginaceaeColeostephus multicaulis (Desf.) Durieu
Collinsia heterophylla G. Buist ex Graham ScrophulariaceaeColocasia esculenta (L.) Schott AraceaeCommelina benghalensis L. CommelinaceaeCommelina virginica L. CommelinaceaeCommiphora erythraea (Ehrenb.) Engl.
included in Commiphora kataf (Forssk.) Engl.Burseraceae
Cornus controversa Hemsl. ex Prain CornaceaeCornus florida L. CornaceaeCornus kousa Hance CornaceaeCornus mas L. CornaceaeCornus nuttallii Audubon CornaceaeCornus sanguinea L. CornaceaeCornus sibirica hort.
included in Cornus alba L.Cornaceae
Coronilla scorpioides (L.) W. D. J. Koch FabaceaeCoronilla varia L.
= Securigera varia (L.) LassenFabaceae
Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult. f.) Asch. & Graebn. PoaceaeCorylus avellana L. BetulaceaeCorylus maxima Mill. BetulaceaeCorymbia citriodora (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L. A. S. Johnson
[Synonym: Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.]Myrtaceae
Corymbia ficifolia (F. Muell.) K. D. Hill & L. A. S. Johnson [Synonym: Eucalyptus ficifolia F. Muell.]
Myrtaceae
Corymbia maculata (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L. A. S. Johnson [Synonym: Eucalyptus maculata Hook.]
Croton tiglium L. EuphorbiaceaeCrupina vulgaris Cass. AsteraceaeCrypsis aculeata (L.) Aiton PoaceaeCryptomeria japonica (L. f.) D. Don CupressaceaeCryptostegia grandiflora R. Br. ApocynaceaeCryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. ApiaceaeCucumis anguria L. CucurbitaceaeCucumis melo L. CucurbitaceaeCucumis sativus L. CucurbitaceaeCucurbita argyrosperma C. Huber
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf PoaceaeCymbopogon refractus (R. Br.) A. Camus PoaceaeCynara cardunculus L.
[Synonym: Cynara scolymus L.]Asteraceae
Cynara scolymus L. = Cynara cardunculus L.
Asteraceae
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. PoaceaeCynodon plectostachyus (K. Schum.) Pilg. PoaceaeCynoglossum amabile Stapf & J. R. Drumm. BoraginaceaeCynoglossum officinale L. BoraginaceaeCynosurus cristatus L. PoaceaeCynosurus echinatus L. PoaceaeCyperus alternifolius L. CyperaceaeCyperus compressus L. CyperaceaeCyperus esculentus L. CyperaceaeCyperus flavidus Retz.
[Synonym: Pycreus flavidus (Retz.) T. Koyama]Cyperaceae
Cyperus iria L. CyperaceaeCyperus melanospermus (Nees) J. V. Suringar
Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb. FabaceaeDesmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. FabaceaeDesmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC. FabaceaeDesmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf PoaceaeDianthus barbatus L. CaryophyllaceaeDianthus caryophyllus L. CaryophyllaceaeDianthus chinensis L. CaryophyllaceaeDianthus deltoides L. CaryophyllaceaeDianthus plumarius L. CaryophyllaceaeDichanthium aristatum (Poir.) C. E. Hubb. PoaceaeDichanthium caricosum (L.) A. Camus PoaceaeDichanthium ischaemum (L.) Roberty
= Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) KengPoaceae
Dichondra micrantha Urb. [Synonym: Dichondra repens auct., non J. R. Forst & G. Forst.]
Convolvulaceae
Dichondra repens auct., non J. R. Forst & G. Forst. = Dichondra micrantha Urb.
Convolvulaceae
Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff FabaceaeDicorynia paraensis Benth. FabaceaeDictamnus albus L. RutaceaeDictyosperma album (Bory) H. Wendl. & Drude ex Scheff.
[Synonym: Areca alba Bory]Arecaceae
Didiscus coeruleus (Graham) DC. = Trachymene coerulea Graham
Apiaceae
Digitalis lanata Ehrh. ScrophulariaceaeDigitalis purpurea L. ScrophulariaceaeDigitaria abyssinica (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf
Dryas octopetala L. RosaceaeDrymaria arenarioides Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult. CaryophyllaceaeDrymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Schult. CaryophyllaceaeDuboisia leichhardtii (F. Muell.) F. Muell. SolanaceaeDurio zibethinus L. BombacaceaeDypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.) Beentje & J. Dransf.
[Synonyms: Areca lutescens hort., non Bory; Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl.]
Echinochloa stagnina (Retz.) P. Beauv. PoaceaeEchinochloa utilis Ohwi & Yabuno
= Echinochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. ScholzPoaceae
Echinops ritro L. AsteraceaeEchium candicans L. f.
[Synonym: Echium fastuosum J. Jacq., non Salisb.]Boraginaceae
Echium fastuosum J. Jacq., non Salisb. = Echium candicans L. f.
Boraginaceae
Echium italicum L. BoraginaceaeEchium plantagineum L. BoraginaceaeEchium vulgare L. BoraginaceaeEhrharta calycina Sm. PoaceaeEichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth PontederiaceaeEichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms PontederiaceaeElaeagnus angustifolia L. ElaeagnaceaeElaeis guineensis Jacq. ArecaceaeElaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés ArecaceaeElatostema monandrum (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H. Hara
[Synonym: Elatostema surculosum Wight]Urticaceae
Elatostema surculosum Wight = Elatostema monandrum (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H. Hara
Urticaceae
Elephantopus scaber L. AsteraceaeElettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton ZingiberaceaeEleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. PoaceaeEleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. PoaceaeElodea canadensis Michx. HydrocharitaceaeElymus canadensis L. PoaceaeElymus caput-medusae L.
= Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) NevskiPoaceae
Elymus elongatus (Host) Runemark = Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski
Poaceae
Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Melderis subsp. barbulatus (Schur) Melderis included in Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski
Elymus pauciflorus (Schwein.) Gould, non Lam. = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners
Poaceae
Elymus repens (L.) Gould = Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski
Poaceae
Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners [Synonyms: Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex H. F. Lewis; Elymus pauciflorus (Schwein.) Gould, non Lam.]
Poaceae
Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski [Synonyms: Agropyron elongatum (Host) P. Beauv.; Elymus elongatus (Host) Runemark; Thinopyrum elongatum (Host) D. R. Dewey]
Poaceae
Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski [Synonyms: Agropyron intermedium (Host) P. Beauv.; Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Melderis subsp. hispidus; Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D. R. Dewey; including Agropyron trichophorum (Link) K. Richt.; Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Melderis subsp. barbulatus (Schur) Melderis]
Poaceae
Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski [Synonyms: Agropyron repens (L.) P. Beauv.; Elymus repens (L.) Gould]
Poaceae
Elytrophorus spicatus (Willd.) A. Camus PoaceaeEmex australis Steinh. PolygonaceaeEmex spinosa (L.) Campd. PolygonaceaeEmilia coccinea (Sims) G. Don
[Synonyms: Emilia javanica auct., non C. B. Rob.; Emilia sagittata DC.]Asteraceae
Emilia javanica auct., non C. B. Rob. = Emilia coccinea (Sims) G. Don
Asteraceae
Emilia sagittata DC. = Emilia coccinea (Sims) G. Don
Asteraceae
Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. AsteraceaeEndiandra palmerstonii C. T. White LauraceaeEndospermum peltatum Merr. EuphorbiaceaeEnsete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman
= Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.Poaceae
Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch. PoaceaeEragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees PoaceaeEragrostis lehmanniana Nees PoaceaeEragrostis nigra Nees PoaceaeEragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. PoaceaeEragrostis superba Peyr. PoaceaeEragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter PoaceaeEragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.
Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O. E. Schulz BrassicaceaeEryngium carlinae F. Delaroche ApiaceaeEryngium giganteum M. Bieb. ApiaceaeErysimum ×allionii hort., non Kuntze
= Erysimum ×marshallii (Henfr.) BoisBrassicaceae
Erysimum cheiranthoides L. BrassicaceaeErysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz
[Synonym: Cheiranthus cheiri L.]Brassicaceae
Erysimum diffusum Ehrh. BrassicaceaeErysimum ×marshallii (Henfr.) Bois
[Synonyms: Cheiranthus ×allionii hort.; Erysimum ×allionii hort., non Kuntze]Brassicaceae
Eucalyptus alba Reinw. ex Blume MyrtaceaeEucalyptus astringens (Maiden) Maiden MyrtaceaeEucalyptus botryoides Sm. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus bridgesiana R. T. Baker MyrtaceaeEucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus cinerea F. Muell. ex Benth. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus citriodora Hook.
= Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L. A. S. JohnsonMyrtaceae
Eucalyptus cladocalyx F. Muell. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus cypellocarpa L. A. S. Johnson MyrtaceaeEucalyptus dalrympleana Maiden MyrtaceaeEucalyptus deanei Maiden MyrtaceaeEucalyptus deglupta Blume MyrtaceaeEucalyptus delegatensis R. T. Baker MyrtaceaeEucalyptus diversicolor F. Muell. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus elata Dehnh. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus fastigata H. Deane & Maiden MyrtaceaeEucalyptus ficifolia F. Muell.
= Corymbia ficifolia (F. Muell.) K. D. Hill & L. A. S. JohnsonMyrtaceae
Eucalyptus glaucescens Maiden & Blakely MyrtaceaeEucalyptus globulus Labill.
[Including: Eucalyptus maidenii F. Muell.; Eucalyptus saint-johnii (R. T. Baker) R. T. Baker]
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus gomphocephala DC. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden MyrtaceaeEucalyptus gunnii Hook. f. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus largiflorens F. Muell. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus leucoxylon F. Muell. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus macrorhyncha F. Muell. ex Benth. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus maculata Hook.
= Corymbia maculata (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L. A. S. JohnsonMyrtaceae
Eucalyptus maidenii F. Muell. included in Eucalyptus globulus Labill.
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus mannifera Mudie MyrtaceaeEucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus melliodora A. Cunn. ex Schauer MyrtaceaeEucalyptus microcorys F. Muell. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus microtheca F. Muell. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus moluccana Roxb. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus muelleriana A. W. Howitt MyrtaceaeEucalyptus niphophila Maiden & Blakely
included in Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieber ex Spreng.Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus nitens (H. Deane & Maiden) Maiden MyrtaceaeEucalyptus obliqua L’Hér. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus occidentalis Endl. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus paniculata Sm. Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieber ex Spreng. [Including: Eucalyptus niphophila Maiden & Blakely]
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus pilularis Sm. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus polybractea R. T. Baker MyrtaceaeEucalyptus radiata Sieber ex DC. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus regnans F. Muell. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus resinifera Sm. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus robusta Sm. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus rudis Endl. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus saint-johnii (R. T. Baker) R. T. Baker
included in Eucalyptus globulus Labill.Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus saligna Sm. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus sideroxylon A. Cunn. ex Woolls MyrtaceaeEucalyptus sieberi L. A. S. Johnson MyrtaceaeEucalyptus smithii R. T. Baker MyrtaceaeEucalyptus tereticornis Sm. MyrtaceaeEucalyptus viminalis Labill. MyrtaceaeEuchlaena mexicana Schrad.
Eucryphia lucida (Labill.) Baill. CunoniaceaeEucryphia ×nymansensis J. Bausch
[E. cordifolia Cav. × E. glutinosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Baill.]Cunoniaceae
Eugenia caryophyllus (Spreng.) Bullock & S. G. Harrison = Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry
Myrtaceae
Eugenia uniflora L. MyrtaceaeEulaliopsis binata (Retz.) C. E. Hubb. PoaceaeEuonymus europaeus L. CelastraceaeEuonymus japonicus Thunb. CelastraceaeEupatorium adenophorum Spreng.
= Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R. M. King & H. Rob.Asteraceae
Eupatorium buniifolium Hook. & Arn. = Acanthostyles buniifolius (Hook. & Arn.) R. M. King & H. Rob.
Asteraceae
Eupatorium cannabinum L. AsteraceaeEupatorium odoratum L.
= Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob.Asteraceae
Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbia esula L. EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbia exigua L. EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbia fulgens Karw. ex Klotzsch EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbia helioscopia L. EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbia heterophylla L.
[Synonym: Euphorbia prunifolia Jacq.]Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia lathyris L. EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbia lucida Waldst. & Kit. EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbia marginata Pursh EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbia milii Des Moul. EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbia peplus L. EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbia prunifolia Jacq.
= Euphorbia heterophylla L.Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch Euphorbiaceae
Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn. PolygonaceaeFagus orientalis Lipsky
[Synonym: Fagus sylvatica L. subsp. orientalis (Lipsky) Greuter & Burdet]Fagaceae
Fagus sylvatica L. FagaceaeFagus sylvatica L. subsp. orientalis (Lipsky) Greuter & Burdet
= Fagus orientalis LipskyFagaceae
Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J. W. Grimes [Synonyms: Albizia falcata auct., non Backer; Albizia falcataria (L.) Fosberg; Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) I. C. Nielsen]
Ficus benghalensis L. MoraceaeFicus benjamina L. MoraceaeFicus carica L. MoraceaeFicus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. MoraceaeFicus macrophylla Pers. MoraceaeFicus microcarpa L. f.
Galeopsis tetrahit L. LamiaceaeGalinsoga parviflora Cav. AsteraceaeGalium aparine L. RubiaceaeGalium asprellum Michx. RubiaceaeGalium mollugo L. RubiaceaeGalium spurium L. RubiaceaeGalium verum L. RubiaceaeGarcinia mangostana L. ClusiaceaeGardenia jasminoides J. Ellis RubiaceaeGarrya elliptica Douglas ex Lindl. GarryaceaeGarrya ×thuretii Carrière
[G. elliptica Douglas ex Lindl. × G. fadyenii Hook.]Garryaceae
Gaura coccinea Pursh = Oenothera suffrutescens (Ser.) W. L. Wagner & Hoch
Onagraceae
Gaura drummondii (Spach) Torr. & A. Gray = Oenothera xenogaura W. L. Wagner & Hoch
Onagraceae
Gaura odorata auct., non Sesse ex Lag. = Oenothera xenogaura W. L. Wagner & Hoch
Onagraceae
Gaura sinuata Nutt. ex Ser. = Oenothera sinuosa W. L. Wagner & Hoch
Onagraceae
Gaura villosa Torr. = Oenothera cinerea (Wooton & Standl.) W. L. Wagner & Hoch
Onagraceae
Gazania rigens (L.) Gaertn. [Synonym: Gazania splendens hort. ex Hend. & A. A. Hend.]
Asteraceae
Gazania splendens hort. ex Hend. & A. A. Hend. = Gazania rigens (L.) Gaertn.
Asteraceae
Gentiana acaulis L. GentianaceaeGentiana dahurica Fisch. GentianaceaeGentiana lutea L. GentianaceaeGentiana septemfida Pall. GentianaceaeGeranium columbinum L. GeraniaceaeGeranium dissectum L. GeraniaceaeGeranium hybrids GeraniaceaeGeranium molle L. GeraniaceaeGeranium nepalense Sweet GeraniaceaeGeranium robertianum L. GeraniaceaeGerbera jamesonii Adlam AsteraceaeGeum borisii hort., non Kellerer ex Sundermann
= Geum coccineum Sm.Rosaceae
Geum chiloense hort. = Geum quellyon Sweet
Rosaceae
Geum coccineum Sm. [Synonym: Geum borisii hort., non Kellerer ex Sundermann]
Hibiscus esculentus L. = Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
Malvaceae
Hibiscus panduriformis Burm. f. MalvaceaeHibiscus sabdariffa L. MalvaceaeHibiscus sinosyriacus L. H. Bailey MalvaceaeHibiscus syriacus L. MalvaceaeHibiscus trionum L. MalvaceaeHippeastrum hybrids
Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf PoaceaeHyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf PoaceaeHypericum androsaemum L. HypericaceaeHypericum calycinum L. HypericaceaeHypericum perforatum L. HypericaceaeHypericum tetrapterum Fr. HypericaceaeHypochaeris radicata L. AsteraceaeHypoestes phyllostachya Baker AcanthaceaeHyptis capitata Jacq. LamiaceaeHyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. LamiaceaeHyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. LamiaceaeHyssopus officinalis L. Lamiaceae
IIberis amara L. BrassicaceaeIberis gibraltarica L. BrassicaceaeIberis sempervirens L. BrassicaceaeIberis umbellata L. BrassicaceaeIbicella lutea (Lindl.) Van Eselt.
Jasminum beesianum Forrest & Diels OleaceaeJasminum grandiflorum L. OleaceaeJasminum humile L.
[Including: Jasminum wallichianum Lindl.]Oleaceae
Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl. OleaceaeJasminum officinale L. OleaceaeJasminum ×stephanense Lemoine
[J. beesianum Forrest & Diels × J. officinale L.]Oleaceae
Jasminum wallichianum Lindl. included in Jasminum humile L.
Oleaceae
Jatropha curcas L. EuphorbiaceaeJatropha gossypiifolia L. EuphorbiaceaeJuglans nigra L. JuglandaceaeJuglans regia L. JuglandaceaeJuncus articulatus L. JuncaceaeJuncus decipiens (Buchenau) Nakai
included in Juncus effusus L.Juncaceae
Juncus effusus L. [Including: Juncus decipiens (Buchenau) Nakai]
Juncaceae
Juniperus communis L. CupressaceaeJuniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl. CupressaceaeJuniperus scopulorum Sarg. CupressaceaeJuniperus virginiana L. CupressaceaeJusticia quinqueangularis J. Koenig ex Roxb. Acanthaceae
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. CucurbitaceaeLagerstroemia indica L. LythraceaeLagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. LythraceaeLagurus ovatus L. PoaceaeLallemantia canescens (L.) Fisch. & C. A. Mey. LamiaceaeLamium album L. LamiaceaeLamium amplexicaule L. LamiaceaeLamium purpureum L. LamiaceaeLansium domesticum Corrêa MeliaceaeLantana camara L.
[Synonyms: Lantana strigocamara R. W. Sanders; including Lantana hybrida hort.]Verbenaceae
Lantana hybrida hort. included in Lantana camara L.
Verbenaceae
Lantana strigocamara R. W. Sanders = Lantana camara L.
Verbenaceae
Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort. BoraginaceaeLapsana communis L. AsteraceaeLarix decidua Mill. PinaceaeLarix ×eurolepis A. Henry
Lathyrus aphaca L. FabaceaeLathyrus articulatus L.
= Lathyrus clymenum L.Fabaceae
Lathyrus cicera L. FabaceaeLathyrus clymenum L.
[Synonym: Lathyrus articulatus L.]Fabaceae
Lathyrus hirsutus L. FabaceaeLathyrus latifolius L. FabaceaeLathyrus ochrus (L.) DC. FabaceaeLathyrus odoratus L. FabaceaeLathyrus pratensis L. FabaceaeLathyrus sativus L. FabaceaeLathyrus tingitanus L. FabaceaeLaunaea aspleniifolia (Willd.) Hook. f. AsteraceaeLaurocerasus lusitanica (L.) M. Roem.
= Prunus lusitanica L.Rosaceae
Laurocerasus officinalis M. Roem. = Prunus laurocerasus L.
Rosaceae
Laurus nobilis L. LauraceaeLavandula angustifolia Mill.
[Synonyms: Lavandula officinalis Chaix; Lavandula vera DC.]Lamiaceae
Lavandula ×burnatii Briq. = Lavandula ×intermedia Emeric ex Loisel.
Lamiaceae
Lavandula ×intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. [L. angustifolia Mill. × L. latifolia Medik.] [Synonym: Lavandula ×burnatii Briq.]
Leucanthemum ×superbum (Bergmans ex J. W. Ingram) D. H. Kent [L. lacustre (Brot.) Samp. × L. maximum (Ramond) DC.] [Synonym: Chrysanthemum maximum hort., non Ramond]
Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link LamiaceaeLeucas urticifolia (Vahl) Benth. LamiaceaeLevisticum officinale W. D. J. Koch ApiaceaeLiatris pycnostachya Michx. AsteraceaeLiatris spicata (L.) Willd. AsteraceaeLibocedrus decurrens Torr.
= Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) FlorinCupressaceae
Licania rigida Benth. ChrysobalanaceaeLigularia dentata (A. Gray) H. Hara AsteraceaeLigustrum ovalifolium Hassk. OleaceaeLigustrum vulgare L. OleaceaeLilium auratum Lindl. LiliaceaeLilium candidum L. LiliaceaeLilium davidii Duch. LiliaceaeLilium formosanum Wallace LiliaceaeLilium hansonii Leichtlin ex D. D. T. Moore LiliaceaeLilium lancifolium Thunb.
[Synonym: Lilium tigrinum Ker Gawl.]Liliaceae
Lilium longiflorum Thunb. LiliaceaeLilium maculatum Thunb. LiliaceaeLilium regale E. H. Wilson LiliaceaeLilium speciosum Thunb. Liliaceae
Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) H. Karst. = Solanum lycopersicum L.
Solanaceae
Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.) Benth. FabaceaeLysimachia chenopodioides G. Watt ex Hook. f. PrimulaceaeLythrum salicaria L. LythraceaeLytocaryum weddellianum (H. Wendl.) Toledo
[Synonyms: Cocos weddelliana H. Wendl.; Microcoelum weddellianum (H. Wendl.) H. E. Moore]
Mansonia altissima (A. Chev.) A. Chev. SterculiaceaeMaranta arundinacea L. MarantaceaeMarrubium vulgare L. LamiaceaeMartynia annua L. MartyniaceaeMartynia lutea Lindl.
Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake MyrtaceaeMelandrium album (Mill.) Garcke
included in Silene latifolia Poir.Caryophyllaceae
Melanthera nivea (L.) Small AsteraceaeMelastoma malabathricum L. MelastomataceaeMelia azedarach L. MeliaceaeMelilotus albus Medik. FabaceaeMelilotus indicus (L.) All. FabaceaeMelilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. FabaceaeMelilotus sulcatus Desf. FabaceaeMelinis minutiflora P. Beauv. PoaceaeMelissa officinalis L. LamiaceaeMelochia corchorifolia L. SterculiaceaeMentha arvensis L. LamiaceaeMentha arvensis auct. Amer., non L.
= Mentha canadensis L.Lamiaceae
Mentha canadensis L. [Synonym: Mentha arvensis auct. Amer., non L.]
Lamiaceae
Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. LamiaceaeMentha ×piperita L.
[M. aquatica L. × M. spicata L.]Lamiaceae
Mentha pulegium L. LamiaceaeMentha spicata L. LamiaceaeMentzelia lindleyi Torr. & A. Gray LoasaceaeMesembryanthemum criniflorum L. f.
= Dorotheanthus bellidiformis (Burm. f.) N. E. Br.Aizoaceae
Mespilus germanica L. RosaceaeMetrosideros collina (J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.) A. Gray MyrtaceaeMetroxylon sagu Rottb. ArecaceaeMicroberlinia brazzavillensis A. Chev. FabaceaeMicrocoelum weddellianum (H. Wendl.) H. E. Moore
Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) B. L. Rob. AsteraceaeMikania micrantha Kunth AsteraceaeMikania scandens (L.) Willd. AsteraceaeMimosa diplotricha C. Wright
[Synonym: Mimosa invisa Mart., non Mart. ex Colla]Fabaceae
Mimosa invisa Mart., non Mart. ex Colla = Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright
Fabaceae
Mimosa pigra L. FabaceaeMimosa pudica L. FabaceaeMimulus cardinalis Douglas ex Benth. ScrophulariaceaeMimulus cupreus hort. ex Dombrain ScrophulariaceaeMimulus guttatus DC. ScrophulariaceaeMimulus ×hybridus hort. ex Voss
[M. luteus L. × M. guttatus DC.]Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus luteus L. ScrophulariaceaeMimusops heckelii (A. Chev.) Hutch. & Dalziel
[N. poeticus L. × N. pseudonarcissus L.]Amaryllidaceae
Narcissus jonquilla L. AmaryllidaceaeNarcissus pseudonarcissus L. AmaryllidaceaeNarcissus tazetta L. AmaryllidaceaeNarcissus triandrus L. AmaryllidaceaeNassella neesiana (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth
Nerium oleander L. ApocynaceaeNertera depressa Banks & Sol. ex Gaertn.
= Nertera granadensis (Mutis ex L. f.) DruceRubiaceae
Nertera granadensis (Mutis ex L. f.) Druce [Synonym: Nertera depressa Banks & Sol. ex Gaertn.]
Rubiaceae
Nicotiana alata Link & Otto SolanaceaeNicotiana rustica L. SolanaceaeNicotiana ×sanderae W. Watson
[N. alata Link & Otto × N. forgetiana hort. ex Hemsl.]Solanaceae
Nicotiana suaveolens Lehm. SolanaceaeNicotiana tabacum L. SolanaceaeNierembergia hippomanica Miers SolanaceaeNigella damascena L. RanunculaceaeNigella hispanica L. RanunculaceaeNigella sativa L. RanunculaceaeNolina recurvata (Lem.) Hemsl.
Oenothera rosea L’Hér. ex Aiton OnagraceaeOenothera sinuosa W. L. Wagner & Hoch
[Synonym: Gaura sinuata Nutt. ex Ser.]Onagraceae
Oenothera suffrutescens (Ser.) W. L. Wagner & Hoch [Synonym: Gaura coccinea Pursh]
Onagraceae
Oenothera xenogaura W. L. Wagner & Hoch [Synonyms: Gaura drummondii (Spach) Torr. & A. Gray; Gaura odorata auct., non Sesse ex Lag.]
Onagraceae
Olea europaea L. OleaceaeOlearia albida (Hook. f.) Hook. f. AsteraceaeOlearia avicenniifolia (Raoul) Hook. f. AsteraceaeOlearia ×haastii Hook. f.
[O. avicenniifolia (Raoul) Hook. f. × O. moschata Hook. f.]Asteraceae
Olearia ilicifolia Hook. f. AsteraceaeOlearia macrodonta Baker AsteraceaeOlearia moschata Hook. f. AsteraceaeOlearia nummulariifolia (Hook. f.) Hook. f. AsteraceaeOngokea gore (Hua) Pierre OlacaceaeOnobrychis sativa Lam.
Panicum maximum Jacq. [Synonym: Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B. K. Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs]
Poaceae
Panicum miliaceum L. PoaceaePanicum obtusum Kunth PoaceaePanicum ramosum L.
= Brachiaria ramosa (L.) StapfPoaceae
Panicum repens L. PoaceaePanicum reptans L.
= Brachiaria reptans (L.) C. A. Gardner & C. E. Hubb.Poaceae
Panicum virgatum L. PoaceaePapaver alpinum L. PapaveraceaePapaver glaucum Boiss. & Hausskn. PapaveraceaePapaver nudicaule L. PapaveraceaePapaver orientale L. PapaveraceaePapaver rhoeas L. PapaveraceaePapaver somniferum L. PapaveraceaeParaderris elliptica (Wall.) Adema
Petroselinum sativum Hoffm. ex Gaudin = Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss
Apiaceae
Petunia ×atkinsiana (Sweet) D. Don ex W. H. Baxter [P. axillaris (Lam.) Britton et al. × P. integrifolia (Hook.) Schinz & Thell.] [Synonym: Petunia ×hybrida hort. ex E. Vilm.]
Solanaceae
Petunia ×hybrida hort. ex E. Vilm. = Petunia ×atkinsiana (Sweet) D. Don ex W. H. Baxter
Solanaceae
Phacelia campanularia A. Gray BoraginaceaePhacelia tanacetifolia Benth. BoraginaceaePhalaris aquatica L.
[Synonyms: Phalaris tuberosa L.; including Phalaris stenoptera Hack.]Poaceae
Phalaris arundinacea L. PoaceaePhalaris canariensis L. PoaceaePhalaris minor Retz. PoaceaePhalaris stenoptera Hack.
Phelipanche mutelii (F. W. Schultz) Pomel = Orobanche mutelii F. W. Schultz
Orobanchaceae
Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel = Orobanche ramosa L.
Orobanchaceae
Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott ex Endl. [Synonyms: Philodendron lundii Warm.; including Philodendron selloum K. Koch]
Araceae
Philodendron domesticum G. S. Bunting AraceaePhilodendron lundii Warm.
= Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott ex Endl.Araceae
Philodendron sagittifolium Liebm. [Including: Philodendron tuxtlanum G. S. Bunting]
Araceae
Philodendron selloum K. Koch included in Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott ex Endl.
Araceae
Philodendron tuxtlanum G. S. Bunting included in Philodendron sagittifolium Liebm.
Araceae
Phleum bertolonii DC. = Phleum nodosum L.
Poaceae
Phleum nodosum L. [Synonym: Phleum bertolonii DC.]
Poaceae
Phleum pratense L. PoaceaePhlomis fruticosa L. LamiaceaePhlox drummondii Hook. PolemoniaceaePhlox paniculata L. PolemoniaceaePhlox subulata L. PolemoniaceaePhoebe porosa (Nees & Mart.) Mez
= Ocotea porosa (Nees & Mart.) BarrosoLauraceae
Phoenix canariensis hort. ex Chabaud ArecaceaePhoenix dactylifera L. ArecaceaePhoenix roebelenii O’Brien ArecaceaePholistoma auritum (Lindl.) Lilja
[Synonym: Nemophila aurita Lindl.]Boraginaceae
Phormium tenax J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. HemerocallidaceaePhyllanthus amarus Schumach. PhyllanthaceaePhyllanthus niruri L. PhyllanthaceaePhyllostylon brasiliensis Capan. ex Benth. & Hook. f. UlmaceaePhysalis alkekengi L. SolanaceaePhysalis lobata Torr.
Physalis minima L. SolanaceaePhysalis peruviana L. SolanaceaePhysalis pubescens L. SolanaceaePhysalis subglabrata Mack. & Bush
included in Physalis longifolia Nutt.Solanaceae
Physalis viscosa L. SolanaceaePhysostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. LamiaceaePicea abies (L.) H. Karst. PinaceaePicea breweriana S. Watson PinaceaePicea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. PinaceaePicea glauca (Moench) Voss PinaceaePicea glehnii (F. Schmidt) Mast. PinaceaePicea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carrière PinaceaePicea koyamae Shiras. PinaceaePicea mariana (Mill.) Britton et al. PinaceaePicea omorika (Pančić) Purk. PinaceaePicea orientalis (L.) Link PinaceaePicea polita (Siebold & Zucc.) Carrière PinaceaePicea pungens Engelm. PinaceaePicea rubens Sarg. PinaceaePicea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière PinaceaePicea smithiana (Wall.) Boiss. PinaceaePicnomon acarna (L.) Cass. AsteraceaePicris echioides L.
= Helminthotheca echioides (L.) HolubAsteraceae
Picris hieracioides L. AsteraceaePieris japonica (Thunb.) D. Don ex G. Don EricaceaePimenta dioica (L.) Merr. MyrtaceaePimenta racemosa (Mill.) J. W. Moore MyrtaceaePimpinella anisum L. ApiaceaePimpinella major (L.) Huds. ApiaceaePimpinella saxifraga L. ApiaceaePinus albicaulis Engelm. PinaceaePinus aristata Engelm. PinaceaePinus banksiana Lamb. PinaceaePinus brutia Ten.
[Synonym: Pinus halepensis Mill. var. brutia (Ten.) A. Henry]Pinaceae
Pinus canariensis C. Sm. PinaceaePinus caribaea Morelet PinaceaePinus cembra L. PinaceaePinus cembroides Zucc. PinaceaePinus clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Vasey ex Sarg. PinaceaePinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon PinaceaePinus coulteri D. Don PinaceaePinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. PinaceaePinus echinata Mill. PinaceaePinus edulis Engelm. PinaceaePinus elliottii Engelm. PinaceaePinus excelsa Wall. ex D. Don, non Lam.
= Pinus wallichiana A. B. Jacks.Pinaceae
Pinus flexilis E. James PinaceaePinus glabra Walter PinaceaePinus halepensis Mill. Pinaceae
Pinus khasya Hook. f., orth. var. = Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon
Pinaceae
Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. PinaceaePinus lambertiana Douglas PinaceaePinus luchuensis Mayr PinaceaePinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese PinaceaePinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don PinaceaePinus mugo Turra PinaceaePinus muricata D. Don PinaceaePinus nigra J. F. Arnold PinaceaePinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl. PinaceaePinus palustris Mill. PinaceaePinus parviflora Siebold & Zucc. PinaceaePinus patula Schltdl. & Cham. PinaceaePinus peuce Griseb. PinaceaePinus pinaster Aiton PinaceaePinus pinea L. PinaceaePinus ponderosa P. Lawson & C. Lawson PinaceaePinus pseudostrobus Lindl. PinaceaePinus pumila (Pall.) Regel PinaceaePinus radiata D. Don PinaceaePinus resinosa Aiton PinaceaePinus rigida Mill. PinaceaePinus roxburghii Sarg. PinaceaePinus strobus L. PinaceaePinus sylvestris L. PinaceaePinus tabuliformis Carrière PinaceaePinus taeda L. PinaceaePinus taiwanensis Hayata PinaceaePinus thunbergiana Franco
Pinus virginiana Mill. PinaceaePinus wallichiana A. B. Jacks.
[Synonym: Pinus excelsa Wall. ex D. Don, non Lam.]Pinaceae
Piper aduncum L. PiperaceaePiper betle L. PiperaceaePiper cubeba L. f. PiperaceaePiper nigrum L. PiperaceaePiptatherum holciforme (M. Bieb.) Roem. & Schult.
Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) W. T. Aiton PittosporaceaePlantago aristata Michx. PlantaginaceaePlantago lanceolata L. PlantaginaceaePlantago major L. PlantaginaceaePlantago media L. PlantaginaceaePlantago ovata Forssk. PlantaginaceaePlantago rugelii Decne. PlantaginaceaePlatanus orientalis L. PlatanaceaePlatycladus orientalis (L.) Franco
[Synonym: Thuja orientalis L.]Cupressaceae
Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC. CampanulaceaePlatymiscium pinnatum (Jacq.) Dugand FabaceaePlectocephalus americana (Nutt.) D. Don
[Synonym: Centaurea americana Nutt.]Asteraceae
Plectranthus rotundifolius (Poir.) Spreng. [Synonyms: Coleus rotundifolius (Poir.) A. Chev. & Perrot; Solenostemon rotundifolius (Poir.) J. K. Morton]
Lamiaceae
Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br. [Synonym: Coleus blumei Benth.]
Lamiaceae
Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel [Synonyms: Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg; Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) O. Berg]
Poa annua L. PoaceaePoa arachnifera Torr. PoaceaePoa bulbosa L. PoaceaePoa compressa L. PoaceaePoa nemoralis L. PoaceaePoa palustris L. PoaceaePoa pratensis L. PoaceaePoa secunda J. Presl
[Including: Poa ampla Merr.]Poaceae
Poa trivialis L. PoaceaePodophyllum peltatum L. BerberidaceaePogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. LamiaceaePolemonium caeruleum L. PolemoniaceaePolygala senega L. PolygalaceaePolygonum argyrocoleon Steud. ex Kunze PolygonaceaePolygonum aviculare L. PolygonaceaePolygonum convolvulus L.
= Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. LövePolygonaceae
Polygonum erectum L. PolygonaceaePolygonum hydropiper L.
= Persicaria hydropiper (L.) DelarbrePolygonaceae
Polygonum lapathifolium L. = Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre
Populus alba L. SalicaceaePopulus balsamifera L. SalicaceaePopulus balsamifera L. subsp. trichocarpa (Torr. & A. Gray) Brayshaw
= Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. GraySalicaceae
Populus nigra L. SalicaceaePopulus tremula L. SalicaceaePopulus tremuloides Michx. SalicaceaePopulus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray
[Synonym: Populus balsamifera L. subsp. trichocarpa (Torr. & A. Gray) Brayshaw]Salicaceae
Portulaca grandiflora Hook. PortulacaceaePortulaca oleracea L. PortulacaceaePotamogeton crispus L. PotamogetonaceaePotentilla anserina L. RosaceaePotentilla argentea L. RosaceaePotentilla canadensis L. RosaceaePotentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch. RosaceaePotentilla fruticosa L.
= Dasiphora fruticosa L.Rosaceae
Primula acaulis (L.) Hill = Primula vulgaris Huds.
Primulaceae
Primula auricula L. PrimulaceaePrimula cortusoides L. PrimulaceaePrimula denticulata Sm. PrimulaceaePrimula elatior (L.) Hill PrimulaceaePrimula japonica A. Gray PrimulaceaePrimula ×kewensis W. Watson
[P. floribunda Wall. × P. verticillata Forssk.]Primulaceae
Primula malacoides Franch. PrimulaceaePrimula obconica Hance PrimulaceaePrimula officinalis (L.) Hill
= Primula veris L.Primulaceae
Primula praenitens Ker Gawl. [Synonym: Primula sinensis Sabine ex Lindl., non Lour.]
Primulaceae
Primula sinensis Sabine ex Lindl., non Lour. = Primula praenitens Ker Gawl.
Primulaceae
Primula veris L. [Synonym: Primula officinalis (L.) Hill]
Quassia amara L. SimaroubaceaeQuercus alba L. FagaceaeQuercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. FagaceaeQuercus robur L. FagaceaeQuercus rubra L. FagaceaeQuercus suber L. FagaceaeQuincula lobata (Torr.) Raf.
= Physalis lobata Torr.Solanaceae
RRanunculus arvensis L. RanunculaceaeRanunculus asiaticus L. RanunculaceaeRanunculus bulbosus L. RanunculaceaeRanunculus repens L. RanunculaceaeRaphanus raphanistrum L. BrassicaceaeRaphanus sativus L. BrassicaceaeRapistrum rugosum (L.) All. BrassicaceaeRauvolfia tetraphylla L. ApocynaceaeRebutia neocumingii (Backeb.) D. R. Hunt
= Weingartia neocumingii Backeb.Cactaceae
Reseda lutea L. ResedaceaeReseda luteola L. ResedaceaeReseda odorata L. ResedaceaeRhamnus purshiana DC.
Rheum officinale Baill. PolygonaceaeRheum palmatum L. PolygonaceaeRheum ×rhabarbarum L. PolygonaceaeRheum rhaponticum L. PolygonaceaeRhizophora mangle L. RhizophoraceaeRhodanthe chlorocephala (Turcz.) Paul G. Wilson
[Including: Helipterum roseum (Hook.) Benth.; Rhodanthe chlorocephala (Turcz.) Paul G. Wilson subsp. rosea (Hook.) Paul G. Wilson]
Asteraceae
Rhodanthe chlorocephala (Turcz.) Paul G. Wilson subsp. rosea (Hook.) Paul G. Wilson included in Rhodanthe chlorocephala (Turcz.) Paul G. Wilson
Asteraceae
Rhodanthe humboldtiana (Gaudich.) Paul G. Wilson [Synonym: Helipterum humboldtianum (Gaudich.) DC.]
Asteraceae
Rhodanthe manglesii Lindl. [Synonym: Helipterum manglesii (Lindl.) F. Muell. ex Benth.]
Asteraceae
Rhodohypoxis baurii (Baker) Nel HypoxidaceaeRibes nigrum L. GrossulariaceaeRibes niveum Lindl. GrossulariaceaeRicinus communis L. EuphorbiaceaeRivina humilis L. PhytolaccaceaeRobinia pseudoacacia L. FabaceaeRoemeria refracta DC. Papaveraceae
Rosa arkansana Porter RosaceaeRosa chinensis Jacq. RosaceaeRosa luciae Franch. & Rochebr. ex Crép.
[Synonym: Rosa wichuraiana Crép.]Rosaceae
Rosa multiflora Thunb. RosaceaeRosa rubiginosa L. RosaceaeRosa wichuraiana Crép.
= Rosa luciae Crép.Rosaceae
Roseodendron donnell-smithii (Rose) Miranda = Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose
Bignoniaceae
Rosmarinus officinalis L. LamiaceaeRubia tinctorum L. RubiaceaeRubus idaeus L. RosaceaeRubus laciniatus Willd. RosaceaeRubus occidentalis L. RosaceaeRudbeckia bicolor Nutt.
included in Rudbeckia hirta L.Asteraceae
Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton AsteraceaeRudbeckia hirta L.
[Including: Rudbeckia bicolor Nutt.]Asteraceae
Rudbeckia purpurea L. = Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench
Asteraceae
Rumex acetosa L. PolygonaceaeRumex acetosella L. PolygonaceaeRumex altissimus Alph. Wood PolygonaceaeRumex conglomeratus Murray PolygonaceaeRumex crispus L. PolygonaceaeRumex domesticus Hartm.
Sagittaria sagittifolia L. AlismataceaeSagittaria sagittifolia L. subsp. leucopetala (Miq.) Hartog
= Sagittaria trifolia L.Alismataceae
Sagittaria trifolia L. [Synonym: Sagittaria sagittifolia L. subsp. leucopetala (Miq.) Hartog]
Alismataceae
Saintpaulia ionantha H. Wendl. GesneriaceaeSalix alba L. SalicaceaeSalix babylonica L. SalicaceaeSalix elegantissima K. Koch
included in Salix ×pendulina Wender.Salicaceae
Salix ×pendulina Wender. [Synonym: [S. fragilis L. × S. babylonica L.] [Including: Salix elegantissima K. Koch]
Salicaceae
Salix viminalis L. SalicaceaeSalpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Thell. SolanaceaeSalpiglossis sinuata Ruiz & Pav. SolanaceaeSalsola kali L. ChenopodiaceaeSalsola vermiculata L. ChenopodiaceaeSalvia aethiopis L. LamiaceaeSalvia coccinea Buc’hoz ex Etl. LamiaceaeSalvia farinacea Benth. LamiaceaeSalvia horminum L.
= Salvia viridis L.Lamiaceae
Salvia officinalis L. LamiaceaeSalvia patens Cav. LamiaceaeSalvia pratensis L. LamiaceaeSalvia reflexa Hornem. LamiaceaeSalvia sclarea L. LamiaceaeSalvia splendens Sellow ex Schult. LamiaceaeSalvia viridis L.
[Synonym: Salvia horminum L.]Lamiaceae
Sanguisorba minor Scop. [Including: Sanguisorba muricata (Spach) Gremli]
Rosaceae
Sanguisorba muricata (Spach) Gremli included in Sanguisorba minor Scop.
Rosaceae
Sansevieria roxburghiana Schult. & Schult. f. RuscaceaeSantalum album L. SantalaceaeSanvitalia procumbens Lam. AsteraceaeSapindus saponaria L. SapindaceaeSapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb.
= Triadica sebifera (L.) SmallEuphorbiaceae
Saponaria calabrica Guss. CaryophyllaceaeSaponaria ocymoides L. CaryophyllaceaeSaponaria officinalis L. CaryophyllaceaeSaponaria vaccaria L.
= Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) RauschertCaryophyllaceae
Scilla bifolia L. HyacinthaceaeScirpus maritimus L.
= Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) PallaCyperaceae
Scirpus supinus L. = Schoenoplectus supinus (L.) Palla
Cyperaceae
Scleranthus annuus L. CaryophyllaceaeSclerostachya fusca (Roxb.) A. Camus PoaceaeScolymus hispanicus L. AsteraceaeScolymus maculatus L. AsteraceaeScoparia dulcis L. ScrophulariaceaeScorpiurus muricatus L. FabaceaeScorzonera hispanica L. AsteraceaeSecale africanum Stapf
included in Secale strictum (C. Presl) C. PreslPoaceae
Secale cereale L. PoaceaeSecale montanum Guss.
= Secale strictum (C. Presl) C. PreslPoaceae
Secale strictum (C. Presl) C. Presl [Synonyms: Secale montanum Guss.; including Secale africanum Stapf; Secale strictum (C. Presl) C. Presl subsp. africanum (Stapf) K. Hammer]
Poaceae
Secale strictum (C. Presl) C. Presl subsp. africanum (Stapf) K. Hammer included in Secale strictum (C. Presl) C. Presl
Shorea macrophylla (de Vriese) P. S. Ashton DipterocarpaceaeShorea negrosensis Foxw. DipterocarpaceaeShorea polysperma (Blanco) Merr. DipterocarpaceaeShorea robusta C. F. Gaertn. DipterocarpaceaeShorea stenoptera Burck DipterocarpaceaeSicana odorifera (Vell.) Naudin CucurbitaceaeSicyos angulatus L. CucurbitaceaeSida acuta Burm. f. MalvaceaeSida rhombifolia L. MalvaceaeSida spinosa L. MalvaceaeSilene acaulis (L.) Jacq. CaryophyllaceaeSilene alba (Mill.) E. H. L. Krause, non Muhlenb. ex Britton
included in Silene latifolia Poir.Caryophyllaceae
Silene antirrhina L. CaryophyllaceaeSilene chalcedonica (L.) E. H. L. Krause
Silene dichotoma Ehrh. CaryophyllaceaeSilene gallica L. CaryophyllaceaeSilene latifolia Poir.
[Including: Melandrium album (Mill.) Garcke; Silene alba (Mill.) E. H. L. Krause, non Muhlenb. ex Britton]
Caryophyllaceae
Silene maritima With. = Silene uniflora Roth
Caryophyllaceae
Silene noctiflora L. CaryophyllaceaeSilene pendula L. CaryophyllaceaeSilene uniflora Roth
[Synonym: Silene maritima With.]Caryophyllaceae
Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke CaryophyllaceaeSilybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. AsteraceaeSimarouba amara Aubl. SimaroubaceaeSimmondsia chinensis (Link) C. K. Schneid. SimmondsiaceaeSinapis alba L. BrassicaceaeSinapis arvensis L.
[Synonym: Brassica kaber (DC.) L. C. Wheeler]Brassicaceae
Sinningia ×hybrida Voss = Sinningia speciosa (Lodd. et al.) Hiern
Gesneriaceae
Sinningia speciosa (Lodd. et al.) Hiern [Synonym: Sinningia ×hybrida Voss]
Gesneriaceae
Sisymbrium altissimum L. BrassicaceaeSisymbrium loeselii L. BrassicaceaeSisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. BrassicaceaeSisymbrium volgense M. Bieb. ex E. Fourn. BrassicaceaeSoja hispida Moench
Solanum laciniatum Aiton SolanaceaeSolanum linnaeanum Hepper & P.-M. L. Jaeger
[Synonym: Solanum sodomeum auct., non L.]Solanaceae
Solanum lycopersicum L. [Synonyms: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.; Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) H. Karst.]
Solanaceae
Solanum marginatum L. f. SolanaceaeSolanum mauritianum Scop. SolanaceaeSolanum melongena L. SolanaceaeSolanum muricatum Aiton SolanaceaeSolanum nigrum L. SolanaceaeSolanum pseudocapsicum L.
[Synonyms: Solanum capsicastrum Link ex Schauer; Solanum diflorum Vell.]Solanaceae
Spananthe paniculata Jacq. ApiaceaeSparganium erectum L. TyphaceaeSparrmannia africana L. f. TiliaceaeSpartium junceum L. FabaceaeSpathodea campanulata P. Beauv. BignoniaceaeSpergula arvensis L. Caryophyllaceae
Spinacia oleracea L. ChenopodiaceaeSpondias mombin L. AnacardiaceaeSpondias purpurea L. AnacardiaceaeSporobolus airoides (Torr.) Torr. PoaceaeSporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray PoaceaeSporobolus diandrus (Retz.) P. Beauv.
[Synonym: Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. flaccidus (Roem. & Schult.) Veldkamp]
Poaceae
Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. PoaceaeSporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. flaccidus (Roem. & Schult.) Veldkamp
= Sporobolus diandrus (Retz.) P. Beauv.Poaceae
Sporobolus wrightii Munro ex Scribn. PoaceaeStachys annua (L.) L. LamiaceaeStachys arvensis (L.) L. LamiaceaeStachys grandiflora (Stephan ex Willd.) Benth., non Host
= Stachys macrantha (K. Koch) StearnLamiaceae
Stachys macrantha (K. Koch) Stearn [Synonym: Stachys grandiflora (Stephan ex Willd.) Benth., non Host]
Lamiaceae
Stachys palustris L. LamiaceaeStachytarpheta urticifolia Sims VerbenaceaeStellaria graminea L. CaryophyllaceaeStellaria media (L.) Vill. CaryophyllaceaeStemodia viscosa Roxb. ScrophulariaceaeStenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze PoaceaeStevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni AsteraceaeStipa brachychaeta Godr.
Styrax benzoin Dryand. StyracaceaeSwainsona formosa (G. Don) Joy Thomps.
[Synonym: Clianthus formosus (G. Don) Ford & Vickery]Fabaceae
Swietenia macrophylla King MeliaceaeSwietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. MeliaceaeSymphonia globulifera L. f. ClusiaceaeSymphyotrichum dumosum (L.) G. L. Nesom
= Aster dumosus L.Asteraceae
Syringa komarowii C. K. Schneid. [Including: Syringa reflexa C. K. Schneid.]
Oleaceae
Syringa reflexa C. K. Schneid. included in Syringa komarowii C. K. Schneid.
Oleaceae
Syringa villosa Vahl OleaceaeSyringa vulgaris L. OleaceaeSyzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry
[Synonym: Eugenia caryophyllus (Spreng.) Bullock & S. G. Harrison]Myrtaceae
Teucrium botrys L. LamiaceaeTeucrium chamaedrys L. LamiaceaeTeucrium fruticans L. LamiaceaeThalictrum aquilegiifolium L. RanunculaceaeTheobroma cacao L. SterculiaceaeThespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa MalvaceaeThinopyrum elongatum (Host) D. R. Dewey
= Elytrigia elongata (Host) NevskiPoaceae
Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D. R. Dewey = Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski
Thlaspi arvense L. BrassicaceaeThuja occidentalis L. CupressaceaeThuja orientalis L.
= Platycladus orientalis (L.) FrancoCupressaceae
Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don CupressaceaeThunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims AcanthaceaeThymus serpyllum L. LamiaceaeThymus vulgaris L. LamiaceaeTieghemella heckelii (A. Chev.) Roberty
Tithonia speciosa (Hook.) Griseb. = Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S. F. Blake
Asteraceae
Toona ciliata M. Roem. MeliaceaeTorenia fournieri Linden ex E. Fourn. ScrophulariaceaeTorilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. ApiaceaeTorilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. ApiaceaeToxicodendron succedaneum (L.) Kuntze AnacardiaceaeTrachelium caeruleum L. CampanulaceaeTrachycarpus fortunei (Hook.) H. Wendl.
[Synonym: Chamaerops excelsa hort., non Thunb.]Arecaceae
Trachymene coerulea Graham [Synonym: Didiscus coeruleus (Graham) DC.]
Apiaceae
Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill ApiaceaeTragopogon porrifolius L. AsteraceaeTrapa bispinosa Roxb.
[Synonym: Trapa natans L. var. bispinosa (Roxb.) Makino]Lythraceae
Trapa natans L. var. bispinosa (Roxb.) Makino = Trapa bispinosa Roxb.
Lythraceae
Triadica sebifera (L.) Small [Synonym: Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb.]
Euphorbiaceae
Trianthema decandra L. = Zaleya decandra (L.) Burm. f.
Aizoaceae
Trianthema portulacastrum L. AizoaceaeTribulus terrestris L. ZygophyllaceaeTrichodesma indicum (L.) Sm. BoraginaceaeTrichosanthes cucumerina L. CucurbitaceaeTrichosanthes dioica Roxb. CucurbitaceaeTridax procumbens L. AsteraceaeTrifolium alexandrinum L. FabaceaeTrifolium arvense L. FabaceaeTrifolium balansae Boiss.
Turraeanthus africanus (Welw. ex C. DC.) Pellegr. MeliaceaeTussilago farfara L. AsteraceaeTyphonium trilobatum (L.) Schott Araceae
UUlex europaeus L. FabaceaeUllucus tuberosus Caldas BasellaceaeUlmus americana L. UlmaceaeUlmus parvifolia Jacq. UlmaceaeUlmus pumila L. UlmaceaeUrena lobata L. MalvaceaeUrginea maritima (L.) Baker
Vernonia colorata (Willd.) Drake = Gymnanthemum coloratum (Willd.) H. Rob. & B. Kahn
Asteraceae
Vernonia conferta Benth. = Monosis conferta (Benth.) C. Jeffrey
Asteraceae
Vernonia flexuosa Sims = Chrysolaena flexuosa (Sims) H. Rob.
Asteraceae
Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less. = Centrapalus pauciflorus (Willd.) H. Rob.
Asteraceae
Vernonia patens Kunth = Vernonanthura patens (Kunth) H. Rob.
Asteraceae
Veronica agrestis L. ScrophulariaceaeVeronica anagallis-aquatica L. ScrophulariaceaeVeronica arvensis L. ScrophulariaceaeVeronica hederifolia L. ScrophulariaceaeVeronica officinalis L. ScrophulariaceaeVeronica persica Poir. ScrophulariaceaeVeronica spicata L.
Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc. [Synonym: Phaseolus trilobus auct., non Aiton]
Fabaceae
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. [Synonyms: Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi ex Hassk.; including Dolichos biflorus L.]
Fabaceae
Vinca major L. ApocynaceaeVinca minor L. ApocynaceaeViola cornuta L. ViolaceaeViola ×hortensis auct.
= Viola Wittrockiana GroupViolaceae
Viola odorata L. ViolaceaeViola tricolor hort., non L.
= Viola Wittrockiana GroupViolaceae
Viola tricolor L. ViolaceaeViola ×wittrockiana Gams
= Viola Wittrockiana GroupViolaceae
Viola Wittrockiana Group [Synonyms: Viola ×hortensis auct.; Viola tricolor hort., non L.; Viola ×wittrockiana Gams]
Violaceae
Virola koschnyi Warb. MyristicaceaeVirola surinamensis (Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb. MyristicaceaeVitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn. SapotaceaeVitis vinifera L. VitaceaeVittadinia australis A. Rich. AsteraceaeVoandzeia subterranea (L.) Thouars ex DC.
= Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.Fabaceae
Vouacapoua americana Aubl. FabaceaeVriesea splendens (Brongn.) Lem. BromeliaceaeVulpia bromoides (L.) Gray PoaceaeVulpia myuros (L.) C. C. Gmel. Poaceae
XXanthisma texanum DC. AsteraceaeXanthium spinosum L. AsteraceaeXanthium strumarium L. AsteraceaeXanthocyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Farjon & D. K. Harder
= Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) SpachCupressaceae