C ADUC EUS The Society Newspaper Editorial Board. The Society Newspaper Editorial Board. Medical Society, H.K.U.S.U. Medical Society, H.K.U.S.U. SINCE 1922 CaduceusAirlines C Hong Kong Destination: Wonderland CaduceusAirlines CaduceusAirlines CaduceusAirlines Hong Kong Destination: Wonderland Hong Kong Destination: Wonderland 你肯為 你肯為 走多遠? 走多遠? How far do you go for How far do you go for DREAMS? DREAMS? 別讓夢想溜掉,讓我們許下承諾,向著夢想飛翔。 別讓夢想溜掉,讓我們許下承諾,向著夢想飛翔。 別讓夢想溜掉,讓我們許下承諾,向著夢想飛翔。 Volume 44 Issue 2 乘夢啟航 乘夢啟航 李心平院長專訪 李心平院長專訪 剖析《一代宗師》 剖析《一代宗師》 邊境線南北 邊境線南北 孩子也有夢 孩子也有夢 永遠(二) 永遠(二) Life is a paradise Life is a paradise Piano techniques and the ner�ous system Piano techniques and the ner�ous system Characters t�ansplant Characters t�ansplant 26/12/12 26/12/12 解剖動漫首部曲 解剖動漫首部曲 迷失的一代 迷失的一代
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CADUCEUSThe Society Newspaper Editorial Board.The Society Newspaper Editorial Board.Medical Society, H.K.U.S.U.Medical Society, H.K.U.S.U. SINCE 1922
CaduceusAirlines
CaduceusAirlines
Hong Kong
Destination: Wonderland
CaduceusAirlines
CaduceusAirlines
CaduceusAirlines
Hong KongDestination: Wonderland
Hong KongDestination: Wonderland
你肯為你肯為
走多遠?走多遠?How far do you go forHow far do you go for
Walt Disney has once said, ‘All our dreams can come true, if we have the courage to pursue them.’
After entering university, have you ever thought about what your goals are? Firmly believing that having dreams can render people a direction in life, we hereby present to you our second issue with ‘Dreams’ as its theme in an attempt to convey that dreams can be actualized when one dares to dream.
To gain insights about dreams, we are utterly honored to have an interview with Professor SP Lee, the Dean of the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, before his retirement. Professor Lee has shared with us the journey of reaching his goals with the hardship involved, the targets he would like to achieve after retirement and his anticipations on students. There is also a diversity of articles and poems discussing dreams of children in Hong Kong, commenting on how university students let their dreams slip away owing to perishing passion and sharing some life purposes. This time, we are much delighted to have ‘The Voice’ replete with dreams and visions shared by many of you. We truly wish to provide you with different dimensions in an exploration of what dreams are meant to be.
Being besieged with seemingly insurmountable pressure and tremendous workload as the exam-ination draws nearer, some of you may have forgotten your dreams or simply are too debilitated to ponder about them. Thereby, we include several light and pleasurable articles such as a passage about famous animation theme songs, an article concerning piano techniques, certain creative stories and film recom-mendations. Passages regarding characters transplant, politics and the conflicts between mainlanders and Hong Kong people are included in our issue as well. We hope that you would enjoy them, relishing some time of tranquility and relaxation.
Every person is entitled to the freedom of excavating and pursuing his or her own dream. We sincerely hope that you can derive from this issue a taste of how indispensable and heartening dreams can be, alongside with refreshing entertainment.
Our dear Reader, what are you waiting for? Let’s get our wings ready and be the dream-catchers!
The dream-catcher wings of CADUCEUS!
Caduceus 2013
FROM THE EDITORS 編者的話
CADUCEUSINTERVIEW 專訪李心平院長專訪� 4
OUR SOCIETY 社會邊境線南北� 7從低俗喜劇及藝評獎風波透視……透視甚麼?� 10孩子也有夢� 12迷失的一代� 14
SCIENCE 科學Piano Technique and the Nervous System� 16Characters Transplant� 18
CREATIVE WRITING 創意26/12/2012 — A Day�Which Changed Two Women’s Lives� 20人生是個遊樂場� 22永遠(二)� 24乘夢啟航� 25
A TASTE OF LIFE 生活剖析《一代宗師》� 26解剖動漫首部曲 - Animatomy I� 28Zero Dark Thirty:�the greatest manhunt with great detail� 31
A Short Case Study of Politics�in the Histories in terms of Strategy,�Linguistics and Psychology� 32
VOICE 發聲Dreams� 34
Volume 44 Issue 2 Apr 2013
CADUCEUS is published by Caduceus, the Society Newspaper Editorial Board, Medical Society, H.K.U.S.U., LLG01, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. Contact us at [email protected], and visit us at http://www.hkucaduceus.net.
Medicine is not confined to clinical use. It can be applied to other
seemingly unrelated fields. Piano technique is an interesting example which needs some knowledge of anatomy and physiology. Under-standing the nervous system may let us deduce useful strategies in practicing.
Reason for practicingWhen we talk about piano technique,
we usually think of practising tediously. Piano players do see their improvements through this process. When playing a note, the score that piano players see, or the notes that they hear as a feedback, stimulate the visual and the auditory region of the cortex of the brain respectively. A motor response is provoked and a key is depressed or released by the antagonistic muscles. By repeating the notes, the stimulated cells of the auditory area of the cortex become physiologically connected with the cells of the motor area. This creates a so-called conditioned reflex and a motor complex can be formed, and this enables the pianists to play a passage more quickly with less voluntary participation. Below we discuss how to practice more efficiently to acquire essential skills.
General suggestion in practicingThe motor area of the cortex appears to
be a projection of the available muscles. Sensa-tions from the postural, spatial relationships, movements, and tactile sensations are sent along the afferent nerves to the corresponding group of receptor nerve cells in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. The stimulations are analyzed and signals are sent to alter the motor activity. “Proprioception” (self-perceiving) occurs as the motor impulse is recorded in the motor region of the brain.
Therefore, slight exaggeration of movements is beneficial to practicing because it provides more vivid proprioceptive materials. The imprint to the brain cells will be more permanent if the stimulations and movements are stronger and involve more consciousness. An example of the exaggerated movement is to raise the first joint of the fingers to and
not higher than the back of the palm. A slight pressure into the key can also produce stronger tactile sensations and sensations from muscle contraction. Each finger can hold its key for longer time so the keys overlap. This can help isolate finger activity from the upper arm activity and can facilitate the construction of complex motion pattern.
Problem 1:�How to play fast running notes
To play running passages, it is vital to achieve finger independency. This involves the excitation and inhibition of the nervous processes. Excitation is responsible for the discharge of impulses. Inhibition can suppress superfluous excitation. Many players have an experience that some fingers are moving when it is not their turn. It indicates weaknesses in the inhibitory process. The movements of the correct fingers create a stimulus that radiates to affect other fingers. This premature anticipatory response can be corrected by slow and even playing in practicing. This develops the inhibi-tory process, and at the same time provides clear proprioceptive sensations.
Our minds usually unite single actions to few compound actions through practice. Usually the unevenness occurs in the boundary of two compound actions. Try playing a scale accentuating the second note, it is more difficult than accentuating the first note. It is therefore useful to divide the notes and place accents in different ways during practice.
In the first bar of Étude Op. 10, No. 1 by Chopin, each note should last only 0.085 second. It requires accurate stretching and narrowing of the fingers and special orientation of the right hand. Alfred Cortot, a most celebrated inter-preter of Chopin, recommends the following
Piano TechniqueanD The nervous sysTem William Wong (M17)
SCIENCE 科學
17Volume 44 | Issue 2 | Dreams
then be evaluated. Pupils are also recommended to play simple tunes by ear to develop this habit.
Problem 4:�How to deal with stage fright
The conditioned reflexes established by practicing can be diminished by extra-nervous excitation due to irritation on the stage and stimulants from unfamiliar lighting, bench and the piano. Transmarginal inhibition developed can halt the usual excitatory process and makes the fingers stumble. On the other hand, the inhibitory process may be suppressed and the pianist will tend to play more quickly gradually and be less able to produce a soft sound.
To safeguard against the nervousness, one should seek opportunities to play before people. Everything must be checked before a recital, including the height of the chair and lighting. Strenuous practice just before the performance may be unwise because the function of the cortical cells may be suppressed, and this will be magnified by stage fright. Focusing on the music itself helps because the inward hearing by the auditory cortex can activate the motor complexes as usual.
RemindersAfter some discussions of the piano
technique, it must be stressed that it should not be the focus of the art of piano playing. Technique only serves as a tool to execute the personal musical thoughts accurately. Moreover, until the relevant sciences are completely under-stood, advice for piano practice is still debatable. Methods of training remain individual and may even conflict between famous pianists. .
training, which is an application of the above theory:
(from Chopin 12 Études op. 10 Student Edition by Alfred Cortot)
(Video: http://youtu.be/LxAT1dmlRWY)
Problem 2:�How to produce a good legato
Chopin lovers are always desperate to master this technique. Bluntly put, no matter how exquisite the finger or arm movements are, the only variables of a note are the initial intensity and the time of departure. The beautiful quality of tone exists, but it is achieved by shaping the melody and molding the harmony, not by how an individual note is produced. To produce legato, the technical demand is to produce a certain smooth movement between key pressures or velocity.
This again requires a good inhibitory process in addition to the excitatory one. One must be able to restrain the excitation that disturbs the smooth change in volume. For strengthening the inhibitory process, prac-ticing pianissimo evenly in different tempos is recommended.
Problem 3:�How to develop good aural skill
Traditionally, pupils are given a score to read and then play the keys. The scheme adopted here is to have a visual impression from the score, then search for a key and finally produce the required movement. As a result, a note is seen and played, with no time for listening to the feedback. To improve the aural ability, pupils should try to inwardly hear the sound when given the score before playing out the passage. This will force the auditory part to participate and the actual sound produced will
Kochevitsky, G. (1967). The Art of Piano Playing: A Scientific Approach. Summy Birchard Music
Cortot, A. (1915). Chopin 12 Études op. 10 Student’s Edition. Editions Salabert
Rosen, C. (2002). Piano Notes: The World of the Pianist. The Free Press
References
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18 hkuCADUCEUS.net Apr 2013
What defines you as a unique being? Apparently it boils down to an
intricate series of intangible things, for instance, experience, knowledge, beliefs, relationships, preferences and aversions... all embedded into your memory, one that shapes your personality trait and makes you who you are. Yet human beings are but mortal species, and these traces of a person’s existence must perish following the body’s death. This supposedly logical statement is somehow questioned when it is reported that some organ recipients, after a transplant, has acquired certain characters and memory from the donor.
To the realists, this is simply ludicrous, a tale made up by some fanciful yet naive idiots who are merely ignorant about human biology. Learning involves basically the nervous system, and secondarily the immune system, so how is it possible that patients receiving peripheral organ transplants experience personality changes and acquisition of the donor’s memory? Then, the romanticists would rebut perhaps by saying that the human spirit, nurtured by love and faith, is so strong that it transcends mortality and endures even after the physical body withers. Anyhow, this curious phenomenon has intrigued researchers worldwide, and has inspired litera-ture and films.
Sometimes manifested in organ recipients are simple traits like taste of music or prefer-ences in food akin to that of the donors which the recipients have never had before. There is a case in which a vegetarian began devouring meat ravenously and craving for greasy food after his heart transplant. This was accompanied by his change in music preference—from favouring heavy metal to preferring fifties rock ‘n’ roll. Could it be that our physical heart actually contains our memories? Another interesting case involves a single mother who believed that she had had a “personality transplant” along with the kidney from the donor. “You pick up your characteristics form your donor. My son said when I first had the transplant, I went stroppy
and snappy—that wasn’t me.” There was also a drastic turn in her taste in literature. She used to read only lowbrow chick lit novels, but after the transplant she started to read classics like Jane Austen and Dostoevsky, and found herself wading through Persuasion.
Yet despite the evidence in the cases themselves, a lot of critics still argue that such a phenomenon is not possible and remain skeptical of the issue. “While not discarding it entirely, we have no reason to believe that it happens,” says a spokesman from the UK Transplant Centre. They attribute observed personality changes ensuing transplants to the effects of immunosuppres-sants, psychosocial stress, and pre-existing psychopathology of the recipients.
Nonetheless the human body mechanism is very crafty, and when we look at the many intri-cacies of the body physiology and the wondrously complicated body systems that inextricably interweave together to form the fabric of life, we might as well try our best to deduce a logical and scientific explanation on such phenomenon. Miller’s living systems theory postulates that all living cells possess within themselves the functional subsystems which allow them to perform memory and decision functions. The breathtaking complexity of life is organized and structured into patterns that repeat themselves at each level of systems. Existing in all atomic, molecular and cellular systems are recurrent feedback loops, and because of this, it is reason-able to believe that atomic systemic memory, molecular systemic memory and cellular systemic memory can be found in these systems. Simply put, cell communication is a process that occurs throughout the body on a recurring basis and can persist after an organ has been removed from one body and transplanted into another. This is like the installation of the information from the donor into the recipient’s memory.
Still, we seem to be running out of scien-tific explanations when the cases that appear are simply too bizarre and bewildering. How can
characTers TransPlanT Jaime Chung (M18)
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19Volume 44 | Issue 2 | Dreams
we account for the eerily vivid visions and the intense feelings and emotions that the recipient experiences? Speculations based on supernat-ural theories seem to be a romantic resort which draws our attention to the beautifully mystical nature of life.
In a case, a 10-year-old girl was murdered and her heart was transplanted into another 8-year-old girl, who began to have nightmares about the donor’s murderer. Several consul-tations with a psychiatrist culminated in the conclusion that the police should be notified. Surprisingly, the girl was able to identify key clues about the murder, like who the murderer was and how the crime happened, and even the words spoken to the victim by the murderer. As it turned out, the entire testimony was true and eventually the murderer was convicted of his crime. It is as if the donor’s resolution to seek justice has surpassed death and awakened the living soul.
In another case, an 18-year-old girl who was diagnosed with endocarditis and subse-quent heart failure had received a heart from an 18-year-old boy who was killed in an automobile accident. After the transplant, when the girl was shown pictures of the donor, there came an uncanny recognition which struck her in the form of intense affection. “When they showed me pictures of their son, I knew him directly. He’s in me. I know he is in me and he is in love with me. He was always my lover, maybe in another time somewhere.” The girl could never play any music before, but after she got her new heart she felt a strong passion for music instilled in her, and could finish the phrases of the songs written by the boy. The boy, who was both a poet and a musician, had decided to donate his organs since he was twelve years old. Among the songs that he had written was one which spoke of his visions of his own sudden death, with words that describe how he felt he was destined to give his heart to someone. The song was titled “Danny, My Heart is Yours” — Danny was exactly the girl’s name.
A romantic interpretation would be one that assumes promises made in the past life, which were fulfilled in the present life, cele-brating true love which transcended from one life to the next, and continued to glow in perpe-tuity amidst the curse of time and the ebb and flow of life, death and fate.
No matter whether you are a realist or a romanticist, however you interpret the eerie phenomenon, maybe it is just time for us to retreat to the humble confession that mankind is yet incompetent to fully comprehend the many secrets of nature. There is more to life than just biological theories and mechanisms that dictate how we live. Our common sense tells us that life ends when the body dies, and there are things that cannot stay no matter how hard we clutch onto them. The phenomenon of organ transplant along with the donor’s traits leaves us both fasci-nated and bewildered. Can personal characters really be transferred among people? This will continue to be a hot topic for debate in the scien-tific community, as well as an inspiring theme for literary works. Yet one thing is for sure—the generosity and benevolence of organ donors will persist after their deaths and be inculcated into the recipients and their families. This does not only save their lives, but also instill in them something very valuable, something called hope. It is the quintessence of utmost selflessness that transcends even the ruthlessness of death. .
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.SCIENCE
20 hkuCADUCEUS.net Apr 2013
26/12/2012 — a Day Which changeD TWo Women’s lives Joy Kwong (M18)
It was a cold, crisp Monday morning, a day after Christmas, when the inexpli-
cable and the breathtaking happened. I was in a ward especially for haemodialysis patients, and I was exposed to numerous patients who had end stage renal failure. A final and terminal stage to chronic kidney disease, it is a silent condition. There are often no initial symptoms despite their ailing kidneys struggling to filter the body’s waste, and once they do experience symptoms, they have already snapped beyond their limits. Victims generally experience things like a change in frequency and appearance of urine, a metallic taste in the mouth, nausea and/or appetite loss, and Willis-Ekbom disease, characterized by restless, cramped or sore legs. However, with no direct cure, all current treatments are mere endeavours to slow down the degeneration process of the kidneys.
The woman was one of these patients. She lay with her eyes closed next to the haemodialysis machine steadily cleaning her blood. Around five years ago, she walked into the hospital feeling slightly bloated, expecting nothing more than a routine checkup and a reassurance that every-thing was alright. When her blood tests came back, with her glomerular filtration rate danger-ously low, it was only then that she realised she was bound to the monster of polycystic kidney disease.
Due to her genes, her kidneys were riddled with cysts, propelling them straight to failure. She proceeded to undergo peritoneal dialysis for three years before switching to haemodialysis for a few months, although the possibility of a renal transplant, a second chance of life, stayed as a perpetual hope for her. She put herself on the end of a long waiting list for a new kidney.
Due to a lack of kidneys and a plethora of end-stage renal failure patients waiting for one, the average waiting time for organs is around ten years. Often patients wait for their entire lives
without hearing any hints of having a healthy kidney again, and their condition becomes parts of their lives. I would later learn that she had been notified in the first minutes of that day that there was a cadaveric kidney available, and because of her rare blood group she was able to receive this gift. Why was it a gift? That certain day was her birthday.
One of the surgeons noticed me watching them during the pre-op.
“You’re a student?” I nodded.
“Are you coming to the transplant tonight?” Astounded, I said I would love to come. Doubts raced through my mind. Was I even allowed?
“Oh, be sure to tell the nurses where you go.” And he was gone.
After repeated pleas and prayers, an incred-ible twist of events, and thanks to the incredible kindness of the surgeon and the nurse on duty, I was able to observe the transplant. Dazed and not knowing what to expect, I soon found myself in the operation theatre, with the woman I had met just that day lying on the bed, her eyes exposing the same mixture of joy and apprehension that I was feeling as well.
The surgery team appeared, full of energy for the six hours about to come. I saw the anaes-thesiologist preparing to administer the cocktail of drugs into her veins. The two urologists were donning their gloves. The scrub nurses were preparing the numerous trays of tools for the surgery. The machines were switched on and connected. Perhaps because it was our first time seeing the speed of medicine, we were both desperate for a breath of solace in the excitement and whirlwind of action, our eyes connected. Lying there, she smiled at me, revelling in a final gaze before she was told to look up and the general anaesthesia coursing through her veins lulled her into unconsciousness.
CREATIVE WRITING 創意
21Volume 44 | Issue 2 | Dreams
me of her previous loneliness, sitting and waiting for a machine to accomplish what her body couldn’t. She recounted how she felt like a burden to her husband, as he toiled to accommodate the time and money her disease had come to rule over. She shared her hopes to travel and explore the world that she had previously had to miss, and her dreams now that she was no longer slave to her genes and her disease. And as we talked, we cried and we laughed. Tears coated the lashes of our eyes as she expressed her gratitude to the doctors and the nurses, her family and friends. She remembered how she saw me, and I was the last person to smile at her before she went under the effect of the anaesthesia. I couldn’t help but thank her that I was able to see into the depths of her body and her soul.
“I’m a lucky person.” In my mind, this was an amazing work of grace; it was a blessing from God.
Studying medicine can at times be disil-lusioning. With time, our continuous flow of lectures, tutorials, practicals become humdrum and, like stones being continuously chipped away, lose the initial edge and flair that we expected when we first walked through the doors of medical school. However, as I leaf through my notes on the kidney, my mind cannot help but drift back to that day, when something monu-mental happened. A certain woman was given the gift of life for a second time. Medicine, the subject that we are studying now, changed that certain woman’s life, and although we were merely strangers, it changed my life too. .
The next few hours floated by, a canvas for a medical dream, as I watched the scalpel cut through the skin, the subcutaneous fat, the fascia, the abdominal muscle, the rectus sheath of aponeurosis, until we had dissected into the extraperitoneal space. The architecture of her body lay under the glow of the operation theatre’s lights, exposed in all its beauty. Her external iliac artery pulsated with blood, moving to the rhythm of her heart, as I marvelled at the coordination of her body. I was looking at the beauty of life! I was watching a woman master the act of survival, something that was indescribable, something that human effort itself cannot create, but merely prolong and restore.
The surgeons then lifted a dark mass from its enclasping layer of ice. They connected the renal artery and vein of the dead to the renal artery and vein of the living, and as dark purple changed into reddish brown, and arterial blood filled the vessels in the enchantment of revascu-larization, the kidney came to life before my eyes. It was no longer the kidney of a dead man, but one of a living woman, and I was one of the witnesses of this transformation.
With the kidney’s ureter implanted into her bladder, a catheter inserted to drain blood from the wound and her abdomen being sewn up, the elation in my body was beyond words. I realised that I had just watched a key to this woman’s new beginning, a chance of a new life, and a way to burst free from the chains her cyst-filled kidneys had bound her in.
I was able to talk to the woman after her transplant. As she lay in her bed, recovering with the strength and resilience each new day brought to her, she told me of her past troubles and worries. I was able to see into her again, not physically like days ago but into her emotions and memories. Previously, the four-hour haemodial-ysis sessions held thrice a week meant that she could not travel or work, meaning that her life was built around the hospital. We wept together as she told me of how her father had succumbed to the same disease, and she had been so afraid of dying young because of this diagnosis. She told
解剖動漫首部曲animaTomy i Ai Enma (M17), Inori (M17), Saber (M17)
《鳥獸戲畫》追逐小偷猴子的兔子和青蛙
2012年最高人氣動畫的《Fate Zero》及其同系列動畫《Fate Stay Night 》女主角 Saber
《Cartoon no.1: Substance and Shadow》
世界上第一部卡通影片
A TASTE OF LIFE
29Volume 44 | Issue 2 | Dreams
至於,在內容和年齡對象方面。動漫
較貼近真實世界。因為日本作品訴求觀眾
的範圍較廣,有給特定觀眾群看的作品,
因此內容一般較有連貫性和深度。卡通比
較屬於幽默型的,其物理學更可說是完全
脫離現實,例如獲得不死之身、擁有具彈
性的身體、在水/天上要過一段時間才會
掉下來等。卡通大致是以小童為對象。而
動漫則較多變化,沒有特定的年齡對象,
這視乎內容而定。有些動漫幼稚的很幼
稚,成人的卻很成人!!!
在畫風方面,卡通風格比較簡潔,人
物造型抽象,身體形狀簡化,像瘦子成棍
狀、胖子成圓形等。某些身體部位會顯得
特別大或小。動物、植物更會擬人化。角
色大多展現誇張的表情,例如憤怒時頭部
會開始生煙、哭泣時「積水成災」、昏迷
時會有小鳥圍繞在頭上等。
動漫較注重畫風細節,個人認為比
一般卡通更為精緻和成熟。其風格包括漫
符、獨特的臉部表情等。漫符是用來體現
人物心理的符號例如尖銳強光:出現在身
體周圍,代表激動;滴汗:出現在額頭
邊,表示驚訝或困惑;幾條直線:出現在
臉頰,代表尷尬等。動漫擁有一套特別的
風格以描繪臉部表情,好像流鼻血:代表
性興奮;O型眼/嘴:代表驚訝;一型眼:代表無聊、舒適等。
總括而言,雖然動漫和卡通都是動
畫,但是兩者有莫大的差異。動漫迷並非
低能,並非長不大。動漫內容範圍廣闊,
各位千萬不要以偏概全,更不要把動畫說
成卡通啊! <3 <3
動漫詞語
以下將列出一些動漫迷在討論中常用的專
門語,給大家來個動漫用語大掃盲(由於
詞語眾多,版位有限,只能列出小部分):
ACG
ACG一詞全寫為Apexcardiogram……噢,不!今天的主角仍是圍繞動漫,幸好這與
醫科詞彙拉不上太大關係。ACG為Anima-tions、Comics and Games的縮寫,即日本動漫及電子遊戲的統稱。據說此詞源自台灣
一個討論版,後被人廣泛使用。
OVA
OVA一詞對動漫迷來說一定不會陌生,有些人甚至對此愛不釋手。OVA為Original Video Animation的縮寫。一部動畫在播放了一段時間,或者TV版結束後,有的時候會出一個OVA的版本。與TV版(電視播放)及劇場版(電影院播放)不同,通常OVA的播放渠道以DVD形式為主。而選材方面亦會傾向於迎合作品粉絲的口味,因此觀
眾群大多集中於原作支持者。
同人
「同人」一詞來源為日語どうじん
(doujin),意思原指一群有著相同志向、興趣的人。被用於動漫領域中,其意思則
《Cartoon no.1: Substance and Shadow》
此為典型卡通物理學 (Cartoon Physics)
如一般卡通人物一樣唐老鴨都有誇張的表情 身體某些部位會顯得特別大或小
迪士尼卡通阿拉丁(左)和動漫罪惡王冠(右)。 兩者風格、細節方面可謂天壤之別
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演化為一些讀者對動漫作品進行自主創作
而來的衍生作品。ACG界中,不得不提《東方》,《東方》有著大量二次創作,包
括,小說,遊戲,漫畫,動畫,音樂,
當中由於其衍生出之同人遊戲──《東
方Project》的背景音樂與人物設定很是出色,所以它在一眾ACG迷中不乏人氣。
後宮動漫
一般後宮動漫會較偏向男性,故事設定是
以多個女角圍繞一個男主角為中心,而角
色設定中則把不同帶萌的女角色類型都用
在作品裡。因為除了男主角外的男性都是
沒有競爭力或不介入的配角,男主角就如
置身於後宮中,不管男主角多爛,後宮永
遠只繞著他打轉。
萌
萌一字能用作動詞或形容詞。
作動詞使用時,可以當作喜歡的意思,指
被其可愛的特質所吸引。例: Samson 好萌 pseudomonas aeruginosa。
作形容詞使用時,意思為可愛。例: 教
Clin skill個doctor好萌呀<3<3
控
出 自 日 語 「 コ ン ( c o n) 」 , 情 結(Complex)的前頭音,指極度喜歡某東西的人,與「癖」近義。例如喜歡蘿莉的會
被稱作蘿莉控;喜歡摺lib的叫摺lib控;「蟲王」也能叫作蟲控。
一眾ACG迷也為動漫人物進行了屬性分類:
禦姐
禦姐本意是對姐姐的敬稱,在ACG中被引申為成熟的女性,一般泛指年齡稍大,一
方面展示出其強勢的性質,另一方面也要
有寬大的包容力和母性本能。
蘿莉
源自一俄國小說《Lolita》,描述一位大學教授愛上一個十二歲小女孩的故事。蘿莉
一般形容年紀很小,但是外表非常可愛的
小女生。
正太
源於漫畫《鐵人28號》的主角金田正太郎,用以形容年紀很小的可愛小男生。
偽娘
指的是有女性外觀特質,但生理上是男性
的角色。
黑長直
顧名思義,被稱為「黑長直」的女性,擁
有一頭烏黑順直的長髮。另外,一般黑長
直的角色都是嫻熟溫柔或是冷酷嚴肅的。
傲嬌
簡單來說,就是外冷內熱、前倨後「羞」
,角色平時態度強硬高傲,在一定情況會
變得黏人撒嬌,男性讀者一般都很受落。
腹黑
平常看起來天真無邪,其實內心十分黑
暗,可怕詭異。
.
東方
黑長直系的秋山澪 (K-ON!)
傲嬌系的逢阪大河(龍與虎)
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Zero Dark ThirTy:the greAtest mAnhunt wIth greAt detAIl Fu Hong Chung Helon (M17)
setting of Maya as the central character. The final operation is well-organized, particularly applying the images of night-gazing devices directly onto the screen, making the visuals surprisingly stunning. We can see Laden being shot dead with his face off-screen except that his long beard was clearly shown, and we know he isn’t the real Laden but he really looks like Laden. It is an irresistible deceptive effect on the audiences in filmmaking.
The graphic torturing scenes in the beginning resonate with President Obama’s speech regarding ‘torture not tolerated’. What we can see is Obama’s speech remains a speech, yet actions of the army are not fully recognized or even tolerated, making both sides working on opposite ways. Obama’s speech was also recently featured in Killing Them Softly, starring Brad Pitt as a hitman hired to investigate a heist in an under-ground casino and kill those involved. The quote from the final scene, ‘American isn’t a country, it’s a business’, ran the opposite to Obama’s idea
Zero Dark Thirty, a military term meaning half past midnight, was the
time when Osama bin Laden was killed by the US Navy SEALs at Abbottabad, Pakistan on May 2, 2011. This film’s title, as what the above event suggests, circles around the event during the biggest manhunt in modern history after the 911 attacks which happened a decade ago. It success-fully elevates the facts and the elements of an action picture to a story with an eye for detail.
Jessica Chastain plays the protagonist called Maya, a CIA agent, who set her goal of hunting down Laden after the attacks. She witnessed tortures of those with close relationship with the terrorist leader, lost her best colleagues and friends during various further attacks, got ambushed and became more determined until her mission was accomplished. The first three quarters of the story revolved around Maya, and the last featured the operation during that night. Of course we know that Laden was killed, yet this does not mean the ending is not satisfying. What we can see is the smooth pacing of the story leading to this operation to hunt Laden once and for all, and it would be better to focus on the entire story rather than the well-known ending.
Let’s get back to the beginning. We would expect a recall of the 911 attacks through some flashbacks or short videos from the citizens. However, it was only a black-out with the recording of the call between a woman on the collapsing World Trade Center and a police officer through 911. Frankly, the recording is quite vague no matter what it is trying to convey, and it doesn’t give a very strong sense of introduction to the manhunt story. Why not news report clips? Or perhaps they are not used because we have seen them many times? The opening may not have its purpose lifted up, and seem to be a little bit unnecessary.
Despite the opening scene, the whole story proceeds smoothly and flawlessly. The major events within the 10-year period are linked together intelligently through the fictitious
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during the 2008 President Election. Maybe this is what filmmakers can add on a contemporary setting to shape the story.
Director Kathryn Bigelow has made another great collaboration with screenwriter Mark Boal since the Oscar-winning The Hurt Locker. Both are movies about the US army but on different settings and focuses. Somebody may find Zero Dark Thirty more talkative and depicting details more on pre-operation rather than during operation, yet it is not fair to compare both movies in this way. In fact, watching both offers us different perspectives on military actions, just like watching both The Passion of the Christ and The Last Temptation of Christ if you like movies about Jesus and Christianity. I praise Bigelow for delivering both gripping movies to us.
Although Jessica Chastain did not win an Oscar, her performance is hard to be forgotten. Without her, the manhunt story cannot be linked together, and so she bears great importance in the storytelling. We would have focused more on the plot but less on the actors if the plot had been just too gripping, yet she has been contributing greatly apart from the intelligent script. This also explains why Frances McDormand’s perfor-mance in Fargo has been quite underestimated by some even though she won an Oscar. And it is a pity that Bigelow didn’t get an Oscar nomina-tion for Best Director, probably because she won once and there were too many Oscar-baiting films with contemporary history settings that only one or two should be selected for the nomi-nation. Whether this film deserves an Oscar or not, there is no doubt that it is an excellent work guided by an intelligent storytelling and a strong central performance by Jessica Chastain.
Zero Dark Thirty features action scenes like other typical blockbusters do, yet it also captures the audience through various aspects and the moral complexity in hunting the notorious culprit rather than being a mere slam-bang action picture just as what its title suggests, and ultimately the goal it aims for. It can be hardly missed. .
a shorT case sTuDy of PoliTics in The hisTories[1] �in Terms of sTraTegy, linguisTics anD Psychology
BackgroundAround 2nd century BC, a sovereignty known
as Aetolia was on good terms with Rome. Yet she supported Antiochus III, a king of the Seleucid Empire, which was a Greek-Macedonian state, against Rome. After the defeat of Antiochus III in Thermopylae by Glabrio[2], Rome turned her attention to Aetolia.
‘The Aetolians, in making out their case, went back to the very beginning, reciting all their former deeds of kindness to the Romans, but Flaccus[3]
cut the flood of their eloquence short by saying that this sort of pleading does not suit present circumstances. For as it was they who had broken off their originally kind relations, and as their present enmity was entirely their own fault, former deeds of kindness were no longer counted as an asset…… The Aetolians, after some further observations on the actual situation, decided to refer the whole matter to Glabrio, committing themselves ‘to the faith’ of the Romans, not knowing the exact meaning of the phrase, but deceived by the word faith[4] as they would thus obtain more complete pardon. But with the Romans to commit oneself to the faith of a victor is equivalent to surrendering discretion…… Upon this Glabrio, taking them up, said, “So that is so, is it, ye men of Aetolia?”……’ After a period of negotiation, ‘Phaeneas[5] now interrupted him [Glabrio] and said, “But what you demand, O General, is neither just nor Greek.” …… [Glabrio] said, “So you still give yourselves Grecian airs and speak of what is meet and proper after surrendering unconditionally? I will have you all put in chains if I think fit.” Saying this he ordered a chain to be brought and an iron collar to be put around the neck of each. Phaeneas and the rest were thunderstruck, and all stood there speechless as if paralyzed in body and mind by this extraordinary experience.’ Book XX 9-10, Histories
StrategyFormer deeds of kindness were no longer
considered because Romans could gain from oppressing Aetolians, and seeing that Aetolians
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could not stand against the force majeure of the Romans. A non-Nash equilibrium[6], which is maintained by trust alone, is weak because either side usually has the chance of gaining first mover’s advantage. Moreover, Aetolians defected from the alliance between them and the Romans. For the Romans, it depended on whether the outcomes of further collaborations, while risking more possible betrayals by Aetolians, hugely exceeded those of other strategies e.g. declare war on Aetolia. Such phenomenon could, of course, be explained by Roman view on royalty, as royalty is a concept born from the carnage of evolution, it is essential to see its reason for survival.
LinguisticsOne must be stunned by the difference
made by misconceptions of words. By saying that they would commit themselves ‘to the faith’ of the Romans, it exhibited the vulnerability of the Aetolians, thus aggravated Aetolian’s disadvantage, giving the Romans an invitation and an excuse to trespass upon the original boundaries of diplomacy between Romans and Aetolians, though it was a careless mistake. It is a perfect illustration of why linguistic precision is important. On October 16, 2012, Mitt Romney, the Republican nominee for President of the USA in the 2012 election, used a phrase ‘binders full of women’. Although he was emphasizing his respect for and recruitment of females in his cabinet, such derogatory objectification cost him massive support of female voters.
PsychologyThough no direct harm was done, physical
threats, like chain and iron collar, had an impact upon human psychology. Merely describing the consequences was not as potent as placing the audience in the midst of the imminent scenario i.e. conquest of Aetolia. While Glabrio could not kill or assault the Aetolian messengers as to conform to proper diplomatic manners, treating them like prisoners for a while made them
discovered that they were powerless against the Romans. This radical act also signaled the despise Glabrio had for the treacherous Aetolians. Messengers, being dispatched without moral high grounds or military capabilities to stronger states, must have the courage and mindset to withstand humiliation and intimidation. .
a shorT case sTuDy of PoliTics in The hisTories[1] �in Terms of sTraTegy, linguisTics anD Psychology Chan Tsz Tai (M16)
[1] Written by Polybius (Greek historian, 200–118 BC),
translated by W. R. Paton, Harvard University Press,
2012
[2] Consul of Roman Republic.
[3] Consul of Roman Republic.
[4] Fides in Roman.
[5] The strategus of the Aetolians.
[6] Simply put, Nash equilibriums are state(s) of affairs
that no one gains by altering strategy unilaterally.
[7] Related report:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qr_-MC0iUL0
Footnotes
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A TASTE OF LIFE
There are two kinds of dreams for everyone. One corresponds to what you feel to be your calling in life. One that you will practically do something in order to actualize and that you are sure you will have enough reason to become engaged in for at least a while, if not forever. Getting in medical school was my dream of this kind. Then there is the other kind of dream which has something to do with your childhood passion. It is like a fantasy, one that you acquire immediate happiness and pleasure from, yet as you grow up you won’t actually take it seriously due to practical reasons and restrictions of realism. Still you think of it or even toy with it as an alternative, or just something to do once in a lifetime. Being a wildlife photographer and being a theatre actress were two of these fantasies I had, and also two pulverized childhood dreams I had to let go of in order to focus on my dream of the first kind mentioned.
Now that my realistic dream has come true, I still reminisce about my other wasted dreams. Still I am bewildered about the miscellaneous puzzle pieces scattered over everywhere in the labyrinth of life, and I often trouble myself by worrying about whether things are meant to be, dreams compromised for dreams.
Yet I still believe that dreams are beautiful, regardless of their nature. They are always the incarnation of idealism that gives lustre to the otherwise tedious mundaneness of reality.
- LY
我嘅夢想係做一個成功獨
立嘅人,一個能夠走進許
多生命為身邊的人帶來笑
容 & inspiration 的人。
my life goal is very simple. Take every
opportunity to pursue maximum happiness and fulfilment :)- anonymous
Learn to respect and be respected.
- Anonymous
Be a good doctor
- Anonymous
To be an adventurer in places like Amazon, the
Everest, the pole.. all the stunning natural wonders - Anonymous
The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but imagination.
- Albert Einstein
我的夢想是
成為他人的
啟蒙老師
Live life to the fullest
以後唔洗用腦
- K.L
DREAMSVOICE 發聲
一早決心,將我愛笑的心 感染世上愛哭的人
曾立下宏願,可不可都能 唱出真正壯闊聲音
關心眼光,仿似最美的燈 終於會照亮遠方的人
如未盡全力,怎麼可消沉 能抬頭,凡事也可能
- anonymous
我要征服地球三極,駕駛海陸空三種工具,踏遍世上七大州的每一個國家!
- dragonknight
我想畫幅好大好大嘅地
圖,俾我每個好朋友都有
個城市,將我哋之間發生
過最有趣嘅事,化成一條
條道路同一個個地標。:P
- 奕哲里烏
design my own house, making it the coolest place on earth :Dbe a good and caring doctor live with creativity, passion and lovedie with no regretdie with no regret
- anonymous
Wanna live in a LEGO city
visit all those police stations, fire stations, and space centers
and see the LEGO-men everyday
(Now I will be small enough so that I won’t painfully scream
every time when I step on the LEGOsssss after playing with
them and not putting them back into my bucket :P)
- Long hair
環遊歐洲
- Miška
身懷絕技
- Tracy
滿載恩典
- Sharon
無憂無慮
- Pinky
環遊世界
- Suki
日日快樂
- Jessica
環遊世界
- Joe
大空翼のような
サッカー選手に
なりたい。
- Laksa
liberate north korea, and
let the people there see the
outside world without being
hidden from the truth anymore
treasure every tear,
laughter we share;
make everyone I value live
happily hereafter;
be a good doctor
- anonymous
以後唔洗用腦
- K.L
I dream myself to be a
renaissance man. I dream my
family to be free from grief
and anger. I dream the world
of health and peace.
- Ling
DREAMS
ADD OIL ON THE SUMMATIVES
WE WILL SEE YOU AGAIN IN SEPTexams, practicals, oscas.
They gave me the questions which i don't knowSo i wrote answers which they don't know.
Tit for Tat dis is called ATTITUDE.
just for fun. good luck.just for fun. good luck.
should you have any enquiries, please contact us via [email protected]