ISSN : Interoperability, Identification, Innovation Regina Romano Reynolds National Serials Data Program Library of Congress.

ISSN:Interoperability, Identification, Innovation

Regina Romano ReynoldsRegina Romano ReynoldsNational Serials Data ProgramNational Serials Data ProgramLibrary of CongressLibrary of Congress

Or…

ISSN: Sew What?

“Plastic bobbins can be used on all machines that used metal bobbins except those with magnetic bobbin winders”

Suits many brands and models

Standardized, Interchangeable Parts (Industrial Age)

Interoperability (Digital Age)

Interoperability

The ability of two or more systems or components to exchangeinformation and to use the information that has been exchanged. [IEEE 90]

Standards in a Non-Standard World

Libraries now less standardized: • Different ILS implementations; handling

of e-resources in or outside of catalog; single vs. multiple record approach; “home-grown” or purchased link resolution, etc.

Libraries now interact with a greater variety of communities:• Publishers; vendors, information

industry; more global partners

ISSN and Interoperability Importing and exporting data to and from various sources

(PAMS, A&I services) Migrating to new systems Data Exchange, ONIX transactions Database management: merging, matching

• ERMS• ILS, OPAC• De-duplication

Linking!!• Open URL, other reference linking (CrossRef, etc.)• Linking from OPAC to external files, Web pages, etc• Linking from databases to OPAC (“hook-to-holdings”)

ISSN

SICI

ONIX for SerialsONIX for Serials

OPACsOPACs

ERMSERMS

PAMS databasesPAMS databasesA&I databasesA&I databases

Identifiers

For “parties” (publishers, libraries, organizations, etc.) e.g., SAN: more are needed!

For services and/or packages: can ISSN be used? (under consideration)

For resources (including articles): ISBN, ISMN, ISSN, DOI, SICI

ISSN and Identification

Original, basic function of the ISSN Numerical equivalent of a unique title

(i.e., key title) Why identify?

• Titles are difficult to search and match on

• Many titles are the same or similar

“So titles won’t get lost in databases”

Linking:Connecting Users to Content

Getting Users From Citation to Online Article Does the library subscribe to this journal? In which aggregation(s) or package(s)

can this journal be found? Which aggregations or packages contain

the volume and issue in which the article appears?

If the library does not have the article in online form, does it have it in print?

OpenURL & Link Resolvers

- Identifying the bibliographic elements of an OpenURL, especially the ISSN

- Comparing those elements to institution-specific resolution tables

- Identifying the most appropriate “services” to present to a user

Link resolution software resolves OpenURL “requests” by:

Based on a slide by Steve Shadle

OpenURL & Link Resolution

resultserver

xyz.edu studentsearch XYZ.edu SFX user

Record 15 of 286 in BIOSIS Previews TI: Developmental expression of amylases during barley malting.AU: Georg-Kraemer-J-E; Mundstock-E-C; Cavalli-Molina-S {a}SO: Journal-of-Cereal-Science. [print] May, 2001; 33 (3): 279-288.IS: 0733-5210PY: 2001AB: Amylase activity and qualitative changes in amylase isoenzymes as a function of barley seedling age were investigated in 10 Brazilian barley cultivars….

User submits database searchDatabase validates user and performs searchUser selects individual citationClicking SFX button sends Open URL to SFX server

OpenURL

http://sfxserver.xyz.edu/…

SFX server resolves URL producing customized result

Based on a slide by Steve Shadle

ISSN

“Murky Bucket Syndrome”Lorcan Dempsey, OCLC

ISSN OPAC Record

ISSN 1234-567X (print)

SFX Knowledge Base

ISSN 5432-1234

(Online)

“The Library does not hold this title in print”

=

Current SituationMany publishers use only 1 ISSN

for print and onlineSome OPACs have single record

policy; others have separate records

OpenURL linking, record merging, de-duping, etc. don’t work!

Confusion, dissatisfaction

What Should ISSN Identify?

Works?all related resources, regardless of title

changes, medium, language Titles?

all resources having the same title regardless of medium

Bibliographic entities?resources that would be cataloged on a

separate bibliographic record Products?

any continuing resource or version a publisher needs to identify for selling purposes

Innovation Revise ISSN standard (ISO 3297):

• Cover all continuing resources, integrating as well as serials

• Provide for identification at multiple levels• Establish ISSN User Group

Develop new services at ISSN International Centre (resolution and look-up)

Clarify, communicate: what does ISSN identify?

S

Possible ISSN Possible ISSN Identification“levels”Identification“levels” Title level:Title level: One ISSN One ISSN

for t-shirt and online for t-shirt and online versionversion

““Middle level”:Middle level”: separate ISSN for t-shirt separate ISSN for t-shirt and online versionand online version

Product level:Product level: separate separate ISSN for online, plus ISSN for online, plus one each for small, one each for small, medium and large size medium and large size shirts!shirts!

“Middle Level” Identification ISSN will remain at this level Current level, per ISSN Manual: separate

ISSN for print, online, CD-ROM, etc. versions Corresponds generally to same level at which

bibliographic resources are now cataloged Reproductions remain an issue Title-level and product-level identification will

be in addition to this existing base level

Title-Level Identification One of the “cluster” of multiple ISSN to be

designated the “tISSN”

Rules to be developed for choosing tISSN Informational “annex” containing instructions on

how to use tISSN for title-level identification in conjunction with other standards such as DOI, OpenURL, and Info URI

MARC 024 (other standard identifier) in new subfield for tISSN

Made-Up Example: 024 tISSN

Title-Level Identifier

E.g.,DOI: tISSN:1234-567XURN: tISSN:1234-567XInfo URI: tISSN 1234-567X

Embed “tISSN” in another identifier according to instructions in the new standard’s informational annex:

OpenURL

URN

Info URI

DOI

“Info” URI

Intended to be used for bibliographic resources

Supports identification without resolution Enthusiasm in the library/information world;

ANSI/NISO support Syntax can embed ISSN Would require development work to enable

resolution In development

Advantages To “Embedded” Approach

Keeps title-level identifier within the realm of the ISSN

Avoids having to invent a totally new standard

Demonstrates ISSN convergence with emerging standards and usage

Capitalizes on functionality of the ISSN Register

Title-Level ISSN Uses

OpenURL resolution regardless of multiple ISSN for manifestations

Collocation in ERMS OPAC searching to retrieve all

manifestations All situations where identification

without regard to medium is desired

Product-Level ISSN To identify at a finer level of granularity,

e.g., different sizes of diskettes, hardback vs. paperback version, PDF vs. HTML

Needed by subscription agents, magazine distributors, others for precise ordering, claiming, licensing, pricing

Potential to work with 13-digit EAN or other systems (RFID??)

EAN for a French serial

ISSN Link-Resolution and Look-up Service Will use ISSN Register (Paris) Real-time or batch query look-up Human or computer look-up desirable Retrieval of all metadata associated with

an ISSN Retrieval of all ISSN related to another

ISSN Interest among OpenURL service vendors

and others is being determined

Communication, Clarification, Maintenance Revised standard should clearly state

assignment policies Assignment policies should be posted on

ISSN IC and NC Web sites New or re-stated policies will be easier to

communicate to requestors and easier to enforce

Possible development of an ISSN subscription service to “push” new and changed ISSN to subscribers ??

ISSN User Group

Advisory group of user representatives

5 – 12 members Representatives from industry

organizations, union lists of serials Goal: first meeting April 2005

ISSN (ISO 3297) Revision Timetable

Feb. 2005: WG meets (develops draft) March 2005: WG comments via email on

working draft May 2005: WG meets to finalize draft June 2005: draft sent to SC9 members for

voting Sept. 2005: voting ends; results sent to

WG5 Oct. 2005: WG meets to review comments

and revise draft (if necessary)

Depending on Results of Voting and Revision (if necessary):

Jan. 2006: Voting on DIS (draft) June 2006: Voting ends; results

compiled August: FDIS (final draft) voting begins,

if necessary Dec. 2006: New edition published!

If the ISSN did not exist, someone would have to invent it

ISO Working Group 5: ISSN RevisionAmsterdam, February 2005

[email protected]