Israeli-Arab Relations ACW The Middle East: Israel 2007-08.

Israeli-Arab Relations

ACW The Middle East: Israel 2007-08

Early HistoryEarly HistoryJewish Migration/ZionismJewish Migration/ZionismBalfour DeclarationBalfour DeclarationUN PartitionUN PartitionWars Wars IndependenceIndependence SuezSuez Six-DaySix-Day TerritoriesTerritories Yom KippurYom Kippur Intifada I & IIIntifada I & II LebanonLebanonPeacePeace Camp David AccordsCamp David Accords Oslo AccordsOslo AccordsGazaGaza

PLAYERS & PROFILES

Israelis

Palestinians

State Sponsors

Organizations

Also…

ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN ISSUE

Rooted in religious historypolitical history modern events

RELIGIOUS BACKGROUND

1). Ibrahim or Abraham is a key person in Christianity, Islam and Judaism.

2). JERUSALEM: Holy city to all three of these

religions. Western Wall (Jewish), City where Jesus was crucified (Christianity), Dome of the Rock (Islam).

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: 70 TO 135 A.D. - Romans remove followers of Judaism from Palestine.

638 A.D. - Arabs (Muslims) conquer most of the Middle East including Palestine and control this area until after WWI.

1880’s - Zionist Movement begins and over 25,000 Jews move back into the Arab controlled lands.

Viennese journalist and founder of modern political Zionism.

Theodor Herzl (1860-1904)

Herzl

1. Paris correspondent for New Free Press

2. Witnessed rise of anti-Semitism

3. Solution: mass exodus to Palestine

4. 1st Zionist Congress 1897

5. World Zionist Organization economic foundation for proposed Jewish state.

Aliyah “Acsension” (Migration Waves)

•Pre-Zionist Aliyah (1200-1882) Various

•1st Aliyah (1882-1903) Russia/Yemen

•2nd Aliyah (1904-1914) Russia (1st Kibbutz) Socialist Ideals

•3rd Aliyah (1919-1923) Russia (Pioneers-Agriculture) -Halutzim

•4th Aliyah (1924-1929) Poland/Hungary Middle Class-Small Business/Lt. Industry

•5th Aliyah (1929-1939) East Europe 250K (mixed vocations)

•Aliyah Bet: (Illegal Immigration 1933-1948) Mixed German/E. Europe

By 1914 over 700,000 people lived in Judea-Palestine, 600,000 were Arabs and 100,000 were Jews.

World War I ends and the Balfour Declaration is made; the Arabs thought Palestine would be given to them for self-rule.

Periodic Riots Arabs vs. Jewish settlers Arabs vs. British

Post-World War II & Holocaust U.S. & Allies pressure British to open up immigration to Palestine for the Jewish people in Europe.

1947 UN calls for partition of Palestine into two states: Jewish Arab

Jews accept Arabs do not accept

May 14, 1948 Israel is recognized as a sovereign state.May 15, 1948 Arab League (Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Saudi Arabia) declare war on Israel.April of 1949 an armistice is signed between the nations and Israel gains 50% more land and thousands of Palestinians are displaced and become refugees in other Arab countries.

ARAB INVASION

1948On May 14, 1948 Israel declared independence.

Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Egypt and Iraq invaded with the declared intent of destroying Israel.

ARAB REFUGEES 1948

1956 Suez War: Israel and the Arab League go to war

again.

1964 the P.L.O. Palestine Liberation Organization founded with the aim of destroying Israel. June 5-10,1967 Six-Day War. Israel destroys the Egyptian air force

on the ground, conquers and occupies Sinai and Gaza, then conquers the West Bank from Jordan and Golan Heights from Syria.

UN resolution 242 called for Israeli withdrawal, establishment of peace.

Oct. 6,1973 Yom Kippur War (War by Proxy) Surprise attack Jewish day of Atonement,

Egypt reclaimed Suez canal and a narrow zone on other side.

Syria reconquers Golan Heights. US and Soviet Massive re-supplying Israel,

Soviet Massive re-supply of Syria. Israel succeeds in pushing back the Syrians and retaking the Golan Heights.

I S R A E L

July 16, 1989 First Palestinian suicide attack inside Israel's borders: Tel Aviv Jerusalem bus massacre.

1987-1992 numerous acts of violence takes place by both sides.1993 Oslo Peace Accords are signed Israel and P.L.O. agree to mutual

recognition.

1995 the Palestinian Authority to established. A political method to solve the issues

between the two parties.

1995-2000 more incidents and changes in Israel’s political leadersSept. 28, 2000 Palestinians initiated riots after Israeli opposition leader Ariel Sharon visited the Temple Mount, which is also the location of the Haram al Sharif (Dome of the Rock)July 9, 2004 International court of Justice (ICJ) rules that the Israeli security barrier violates international law and must be torn down. Nov 11, 2004 Palestinian Authority President Yasser Arafat dies. Jan 9, 2005 Mahmoud Abbas elected President of the Palestinian National Authority.

June,  2005 Violence flares in Gaza. US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice visits Palestinian and Israeli leaders to ensure coordination of Israeli withdrawal from Gaza. Israeli PM Ariel Sharon and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas meet in Jerusalem June 21. Sharon announces that Palestinians have promised to coordinate regarding Gaza withdrawal.

Jan. 2006 Hamas defeats Abbas's Fatah party in the elections.

UNRESOLVED ISSUES

1.Palestinian Statehood2.Jerusalem2.Settlements3.Security Barrier4.Palestinian Refugees5.Water Resources6.Gaza

UN PARTITION PLAN 1947

SIX-DAY WAR 1967

GOLAN HEIGHTS

GAZA DISENGAGEMENT

Gaza 130 sq mi 

Portland 134 sq mi 8,000 sq mi 

19,231 km²

Hamas magazine “ Filisteen Almuslima ”

(currently printed in Lebanon and circulated from the U.K.)

In the summer of 2002, Israel began erecting a barrier to seal off the occupied Palestinian territories, following a series of Palestinian suicide bombings in Israel.

Israel calls it a security fence. Palestinians call it The Wall.

Two-billion-dollar project It has led to a dramatic decrease in the number of suicide bombings in Israel.

• September 2000 - July 2003: 115 suicide bombings. Two-thirds of the victims were civilians.

• July 2003 - November 2004: 21 suicide bombings, only three of which took place in northern Israel, where the fence has been completed.

West Bank Walls

Ehud Olmert

Menachem Begin

Golda Meir

Shimon Peres

Yitzhak Rabin

Benjamin Netanyahu

Ariel Sharon

David Ben-Gurion

December 1987Violence, riots, general strikes and civil disobedience campaigns by Palestinians spread across the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Israeli forces respond with tear gas, plastic bullets, and live ammunition.

1st Intifada