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Flag of Israel
Emblem of Israel
ISRAEL:
Land
of
the
ChosenPeople
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LAND AND PEOPLE
ISRAEL was given toJacob, Isaacs son, afterhe received Gods
anointing. It means God reigns.
Thy name shall be calledno more Jacob, but
Israel: for as a princehast thou power with Godand with men
FACTS IN BRIEF
Total Land Area: 8,019 sq. mi.
Population: 7.7 million
Capital City: Jerusalem
System of Government:Parliamentary Democracy
Official languages: Hebrewand Arabic
National Currency: Shekel
President: Shimon Peres
Prime Minister: Benjamin
Netanyahu (2009)
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Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power
with God and with men
Jacob Wrestled with the Angel
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EARLY HISTORY
2,000 BC, the Hebrewsor Jews, a SemiticPeople, settled into the
Near East from thegreat grasslands ofNorthern Arabia.
Abraham, the Hebrew
patriarch and traditionalfounder of the Hebrewnation, once lived in Ur,a city in Sumer,
Mesopotamia.
1400 BC, he led hispeople across theSyrian Desert to
northern Palestine In the next 200 years,
they graduallyconquered the
Canaanites, whileadopting many of themore civilized customsand traditions of their
predecessors.
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EARLY HISTORY Intermittent wars
against the Philistines,rival Palestinian
tribesmen, had led tothe formation of theoriginal Twelve Tribesof Jacob (Israel) to
unite under asuccession of threegreat kings: Saul, Davidand Solomon.
King Saul
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Great kings of Israel
King David King Solomon
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The Jewish kingdom
The Jewish kingdomreached the peak ofits glory under KingSolomon, the wisestof all men.
He built the famoustemple of Jerusalem.
After his death, thekingdom was dividedinto two.
The northern partbecame thekingdom of Israel,
with its capital atSamaria, and thekingdom of Judah,the southern parthad its capital atJerusalem.
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The invaders of Israel
722 BC theAssyrians invadedIsrael and despoiled
the kingdom. Many Jews were
deported or slain.
586 BC the
Chaldeans led byNebuchadnezzarconquered Judah andcarried a large number
of Israelites of to exilein Babylon.
The Jews, however,
clung to their religion(Judaism) even incaptivity.
549 BC the Persians
overthrew theChaldean Empire.
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The invaders of Israel
Cyrus, the Persianking, allowed theJews to return to
their homeland. The Jews soon
established atheocratic state
until after thecoming of theRomans.
Nebuchadnezzar
Cyrus the Great
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The invaders of Israel 190 BC - Syria, Palestine,
Mesopotamia, and otherterritories in the MiddleEast became Romanprovinces.
AD 66 Rome sent thegreat Roman generalVespasian to Judea to putdown the Jewish revolt.
He returned to Rome and
left his son Titus tocontinue the war. AD 70 Titus captured
Jerusalem and theydestroyed Solomonstemple.
Thousands of Jewsescaped to Masada, amountain fortress, andfor two years theywithstood the Roma
siege. AD 73 Masada finally
fell to the Romans Rather than giving up to
the Romans, nearly allthe Jewish defenderscommitted suicide
Masada epitomizedJewish courage and
honor.
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ZIONISM
As a result of theDiaspora (dispersal ofthe Jews), the Jewswere a scattered
people living in Russia,Eastern Europe,Germany and the US.
The Jews around theworld hope to return toZion, their promisedland.
The persecution of Jewsthrough pogroms (racialpurges), racialsegregation (ghettos)and the imposition ofharsh anti-Jewish lawsagainst them, led to thebirth of Zionism at theend of the 19th century.
Zionism, the nationalmovement for the returnof the Jewish people totheir homeland and theresumption of Jewishsovereignty in the Landof Israel.
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ZIONISM Theodor Herzl, an Austrian Jew born to
a prosperous, emancipated Budapestfamily, is recognized as the founder ofthe Zionist ideology when he published
his book in 1896, "The Jewish State,where he declared that the cure forAnti-Semitism was the establishmentof a Jewish state. As he saw it, the best
place to establish this state was inPalestine.
In 1897, he launched the World ZionistMovement, with the financial support ofrich European and American Jews like
the Rothschild's.
Theodor Herzl
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British mandate In the peace
settlements after WW1,Great Britain hadreceived as a mandate
Palestine, formerly partof the defeatedOttoman Empire.Palestine was important
to the British becauseof its strategic locationand because of a vitalpipeline from Iraq up toHaifa in Palestine.
The British Mandate forPalestine, also known asthe PalestineMandate and The BritishMandate of Palestine,
was a legal commissionfor the administration ofPalestine, the draft ofwhich was formallyconfirmed by the Council
of the League ofNations on 24 July 1922and which came intoeffect on 26 September1923.
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Balfour Declaration
1917 during WW1,Chaim Weizmann, aZionist and a Jewishchemist, had given aformula for making animportant ingredientof high explosives.
In gratitude, theSecretary told Zionistleaders of the Britishsupport for an Arabstate in Palestine.
The BalfourDeclaration, a letterfrom British Foreign
Secretary ArthurJames Balfour toLord Rothschild inwhich the British
made public theirsupport of a Jewishhomeland inPalestine.
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ADVOCATES OF ZIONISM
Dr. Chaim Weizmann Arthur James Balfour
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Palestine issue
Both Arabs and Jewsexpressed claim toPalestine.
Jews claimed it wastheir homeland due toBiblical tradition and theBalfour Declaration
The Arabs claimed itwas theirs havingsettled there forcenturies
Both Jews and Arabswanted the British tomake good thepromises they hadmade.
Conflicts had takenplace in variousplaces.
In 1921, the Britishpartitioned it into two:Palestine and Jordan
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The republic of Israel
As Zionism grewstronger after theWW1, many Jews
returned to theirhomeland.
Before WW2, Nazipersecution brought
thousands more toPalestine.
The returning Jews
brought with them
their modernknowledge inagriculture,commerce, industry,and science makingthem ahead of theirArab neighbors.
This caused envyfrom the Arabpopulation who didanything to stop theJews.
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The republic of Israel
After WW2, the Britishturned the Palestineproblem over to the UNGeneral Assembly ;
that they wouldwithdraw their mandateover Palestine.
November 29, 1947
the Assemblyrecommended thatPalestine be partitionedinto an Arab State anda Jewish State.
May 14, 1848 theJews proclaimedwestern as the
Republic of Israelwith ChaimWeizmann as its
first President andDavid Ben Gurionas its first PrimeMinister
.
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The republic of Israel
President Chaim Weizmann Prime Minister David Ben Gurion
THE 1ST
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THE 1ST
ARAB-ISRAELI WAR
(1948-49)
The Arab armies whichinclude Egypt, Syria,Lebanon, Jordan, SaudiArabia and Iraq attacked
Israel. Objective: To drive theIsraelites into the sea.
Result: Israelis madespectacular victories,though outnumbered bytheir enemies.
!959- UN Mediator RalphBunchemade the two sides
sign a truce.
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The 1st Arab-Israeli War
The 1948 ArabIsraeli War, knownto Israelis as the War
of Liberation wasthe first in a series ofwars fought betweenthe State of Israel and
its Arab neighbors inthe continuing Arab-Israeli conflict.
Strength
Israel: 29,677 initially rising to 115,000by March 1949. This includes theentire military personnel countbothcombat units and logistical units.
Egypt: 10,000 initially, rising to 20,000
Iraq: 3,000 initially, rising to 15,00018,000
Syria: 2,5005,000
Transjordan: 8,00012,000
Lebanon: 1,000
Saudi Arabia: 8001,200 Yemen: 300
Arab Liberation Army: 3,5006,000
These numbers include only thecombat units sent to the former BritishMandate of Palestine, not the entire
military strength
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The 1st Arab-Israeli War Millions of
Palestinian Arabsfled to refugee
camps in the: Gaza Strip
Lebanon
Syria Jordan
Retaliatory Actions:
Arabs - refused to grantlegal recognition to the
state of Israel; imposedeconomic boycott againstthe Israelites
Both sides tensions,
border incidents andterrorist attacks continued
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The Suez Crisis The Suez Crisis, also referred to as
the Tripartite Aggression was an offensive warfought by France, the United Kingdom,
and Israel against Egypt beginning on October29, 1956. Less than a day after Israel invadedEgypt, Britain and France issued a jointultimatum to Egypt and Israel, and then began to
bomb Cairo. The attack followed the President of
Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser's decision of 26 July1956 to nationalize the Suez Canal.
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The Suez CrisisNassers seizure of theCanal alarmed Israel.
The Israelis, in a lightningattack, seized the Gaza
Strip- an Egyptian controlleddistrict adjoining Israelssouthern border.
Israelis then defeated theEgyptians in the Sinai
peninsula and advancedtowards the Canal.
The ceasefire was arrangedby the UN Secretary DagHammarskjold.
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Egyptian President
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Jewish culture
The GreatHebrew work of
Literature
The OldTestament
Contains 39 books
The New
Testament
Contains 27 books
The Holy Bible
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Jewish CultureEthical
monotheismmeans two things:
1. There is one God
from whomemanates onemorality for allhumanity.
2. God's primary
demand of peopleis that they actdecently towardone another.
Jewish Monotheism
The word monotheismcomesfrom the Greek mono, which
means one, andtheos
, whichmeans god. Thus, monotheism isa belief in the existence of a
single god. Monotheism is usuallycontrasted with polytheism, which
is the belief in many gods, andatheism, which is the absence of
any belief in gods.