Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005 Inventory of GHG and NH 3 emissions from agriculture in Poland Jerzy Karlowski Institute for Building, Mechanization and Electrification.

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from

agriculture in Poland

Jerzy Karlowski

Institute for Building, Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture, Poznan Branch

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

Acknowledgement:

This presentation is based on a paper „Ammonia emissions in Poland: Inventory, projections, uncertainities” by T. Kuczynski, U. Dämmgen, Z. Klimont, K. Kreis-Tomczak, A. Myczko and O. Slobodzian-Ksenicz, „Emissions from European Agriculture”, Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 2005.

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

Methodologies used for estimating GHG emissions

• Methodologies used in Poland are:– Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG

Inventories– Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook, 2003– Worksheets for the construction of emission

inventories, that is a result of project GAS-EM - GASeous EMissions from Agriculture, elaborated by: Ulrich Dämmgen, Manfred Lüttich, Helmut Döhler, Brigitte Eurich Menden, Bernhard Osterburg.

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

• Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories was recommended by Ministry of Environment for assessing emissions from all economic sectors:– Energy (fuel combustions)– Industry (metallurgy, minerals incl. cement and

lime production, chemicals incl. fertilizers)– Agriculture incl. animals, crops, soils, land use,

forestry• IBMER prepared two reports:

– „Detailed Investigations of Methane and Dinitrogen Oxide Emissions from Enteric Fermentation and from Animal Excreta”.

– Strategies of Reduction of Dinitrogen Oxide Emissions from Agriculture until 2020”.

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

• MS Excel worksheets for the construction of emission inventories developed by U. Dämmgen et al. were used for the calculation of ammonia emission using the simpler and detailed methodologies. The detailed methodologies often require specific data which have not been available for agricultural production in Poland.

• Ammonia calculations concern all groups of animals which are bred in Poland. The numbers of animals and other data are taken from the Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Poland.

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

1990 1995 2000 2002ha (x 1000) ha (x 1000) ha (x 1000) ha (x 1000)

Total agricultural area 18 720

17 934

17 812

16 899

Total area of arable land 14 388

13 886

13 683

13 067

Total area of meadows 2 475

2 272

2 503

2 253

Total area of pastures 1 585

1 498

1 369

1 030

Total area of orchards 272

278

257

271

Table 1. The structure of agricultural areas for the years 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2002.

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

Structure of agricultural areas in 2002

13%

77%

6% 2%

Total area of arable land Total area of meadow s

Total area of pastures Total area of orchards

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

1990 1995 2000 2002

Plant production area ha (x 1000) ha (x 1000) ha x (1000) ha (x 1000)

Wheat 2 281 2 407 2 635 2 414

Rye 2 314 2 452 2 130 1 560

Winter barley 192 187 137 178

Spring barley 982 861 959 873

Oats 747 595 566 605

Triticale 749 616 695 944

Maize for grain 59 48 152 319

Maize for silage 325 133 162 196

Rape 500 606 437 439

Sugar beet 440 384 333 303

Potatoes 1 835 1 522 1 251 803

Cereal mixed for grain 1 169 1 366 1 478 1 365

Buckwheat and millet 38 39 62 36

Other 2 611 1 676 1 411 729

Total plant production area 14 242 12 892 12 408 10 764

Table 2. The structure of crops in Poland for the years 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2002.

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

Animal category 1990 1995 2000 2002

(x 1000) (x 1000) (x 1000) (x 1000)

Calves 0-6 months 1 767 1 458 1 141 1 016

Female Beef Cattle 1 908 1 269 1 045 931

Male Beef Cattle 1 455 1 000 799 712

Cows (milking & suckling) 4 919 3 579 3 098 2 873

Fattening pigs 17 627 18 543 15 545 16 711

Sows 1 837 1 875 1 577 1 918

Broilers 54 672 47 529 47 636 47 231

Laying hens 45 378 39 766 42 649 42 178

Turkeys 888 914 802 762

Ducks 7 163 6 231 3 571 3 593

Geese 1 243 618 614 698

Horses 941 636 550 330

Sheep 4 159 713 362 345

Table 3. Animal numbers for the years 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2002.

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

Changes of cattle population

0,E+00

1,E+06

2,E+06

3,E+06

4,E+06

5,E+06

6,E+06

Calves 0-6months

FBC MBC Cow s (milking &suckling)Subcategories of cattle

Nu

mb

er o

f an

imal

s

1990

1995

2000

2002

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

Changes in pig numbers

0,0E+00

5,0E+06

1,0E+07

1,5E+07

2,0E+07

Fattening pigs Sows

Subcategory of pigs

Num

ber

of a

nim

als

1990

1995

2000

2002

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

Changes of poultry populations

0,E+00

1,E+07

2,E+07

3,E+07

4,E+07

5,E+07

6,E+07

Broilers Laying hens Turkeys Ducks Geese

Subcategory of poultry

Nu

mb

er

of

bir

ds

1990

1995

2000

2002

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

Changes of horses and sheeps numbers

0,0E+00

1,0E+03

2,0E+03

3,0E+03

4,0E+03

5,0E+03

Horses Sheep

Num

ber

of a

nim

als

1990 (x 1000)

1995 (x 1000)

2000 (x 1000)

2002 (x 1000)

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

1990 1995 2000 2002

Ammonium nitrate 373,5

454,0

400,4

390,0

Calcium ammonium nitrate 89,8

165,0

147,9

155,5

Urea 126,8

180,0

222,7

190,0

NP, NK and NPK fertilizer 33,7

38,0

70,0

45,0

Ammonium nitrate urea solutions

2,7

41,1

37,5

Ammonium sulfate 44,5

15,0

14,1

14,0

Total 671,0

852,0

896,2

832,0

Table 4. Types and amounts in Gg a-1 N of fertilizers for the years 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2002 (IFC, 2004)

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

Agricultural ammonia emissions (Gg a-1 NH3)

1990 1995 2000 2002

Cattle 213,55

155,30

130,98

119,90

Pigs 142,82

149,30

125,24

138,30

Poultry 40,65

35,16

33,71

33,48

Horses 7,53

5,09

4,40

2,64

Sheep 5,57

0,96

0,70

0,46

Fertilizers and Plants 39,80

50,20

60,90

54,00

Total 449,92

396,01

355,93

348,78

Table 5. Agricultural ammonia emissions for the years 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2002, based on the simpler methodology as

found in AEIG (B1090 and B1010).

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

Changes of ammonia emission

450

396356 349

0

100

200

300

400

500

1990 1995 2000 2002

Am

mo

nia

em

issi

on

(G

g)

Emission ceiling 2010

468

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

Structure of ammonia emissions from agricultural activities in 2002 (S)

Fertilizers and Plants16%

Horses0,8%

Sheep0,1%

Pigs40%

Cattle34%

Poultry9%

Cattle

Pigs

Poultry

Horses

Sheep

Fertilizers andPlants

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

Forecast for national ammonia emissions in Poland for 2010

107%117%

110%

94%

113%

74%

111%100%

113%

77%

108% 109%

86%85% 89%

70%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

Uncertainties in emission projections

• The uncertainties are related with the lack detailed knowledge on:– Animal numbers in each species and age;– Differentiated structure of farming;– Data of housing, manure storage and spreading system;– Data on production efficiency;– Data on animal feeding;

– Effect of all the factors mentioned above on NH3 emission;

– Technical and economical availability of measures against NH3 emissions from housing, manure storage and spreading;

– Frequent changes in Polish environmental law related to the ammonia emission in agricultural production activities.

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

20+11%

10-1922%

5-923%

1-444%

Uncertainties in emission projectionsQuantitative structure of cattle production in Poland

Ave. 11 cows

67% holdings – less than 10 cows

22% holdings – more than 10 and less than 19 cows

11% holdings – 20 and more cows

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

1 - 99 pigs62%

> =100 pigs38% Ave. 53 pigs

Uncertainties in emission projectionsQuantitative structure of pig production in Poland

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

• Polish authorities launched a number of legal measures in order to prevent the environment from deteriorating effects of agricultural production:– Obligatory to draw up an environmental impact report for

investments with breeding animals exceeding 240 LU and and in some cases 50 LU;

– New regulations regarding minimum capacities of manure (both solid and slurry) storages – six months;

• Nitrogen fertilizers should not be applied in hot weather;• Manure application is to be planned according to a detailed

nutrient balance;• Application yearly limit is set at the level of 170 kg N per ha;• All organic and mineral fertilizers must be incorporated not later

than 24 hours after application.

Introduction of abatement measures

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

• New regulations on particular conditions of financial support by EU subsidy for modernisation of medium size farms include:– Demands for solid and slurry manure pit (6 months for Area

Under Particular Protection, and 4 months for non-AUPP;– Algorithm and coefficients for calculating content of nitrogen

in excreta from different animals and rearing systems. • Existing Law of Environment Protection is enriched

with a new chapter devoted to the „integrated allowance for introducing gases and dusts to the atmosphere” that refers to the BAT.

Introduction of abatement measures - continued

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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland

Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005

Thank you for your attention

Institute for Building, Mechanization and Electrification of AgricultureBranch Poznan67, Biskupinska Str.60-463 PoznanPoland

Phone: +48 61 820 33 31Fax: +48 61 820 83 81

e-mail: [email protected]://www.ibmer.poznan.pl.