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Birth of ISPThe Indian spaceProgramme began in1962.In 1969 the Indianspace ResearchOrganization (ISRO)was set up with headquartersin Bangalorefor the purpose ofrapid development inspace technology andits application.In 1972, space commissionwas established.In 1975, India launchedits first satellite,Aryabhata, and thusentered the space age.

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GOALS & OBJECTIVESThe prime objective of ISRO is to develop space technology and its application to various national tasks. The Indian space programs was driven by the vision of Dr Vikram Sarabhai, considered the father of Indian Space Programme. ISRO has successfully put into operation two major satellite systems namely Indian National Satellites (INSAT) for communication services and Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites for management of natural resources.

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Different ProgrammesLaunch Vehicle fleetEarth Observation & Communication SatelliteSatellite NavigationHuman Spaceflight Programme4

Launch Vehicle fleetSatellite Launch Vehicle (SLV)Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV)Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark-III (GSLV III)

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Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV)TheSatellite Launch Vehicle(SLV)was a project started in the early 1970s byIndian Space Research Organizationto develop the technology needed to launch satellites. The project was headed byAPJ Abdul Kalam. SLV was intended to reach a height of 400km and carry a payload of 40kg. It was a four-stage rocket with all solid-propellant motors. The first launch of the SLV took place inSriharikotaon 10 August 1979.

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FlightLaunch date/time (UTC)Launch padPayloadPayload massResultNotesE110 August 1979SLV Launch PadRohini Technology Payload35kgFailureFaulty valve caused vehicle to crash into theBay of Bengal317 seconds after launchE218 July 198002:33SLV Launch PadRohini RS-135kgSuccessD131 May 1981SLV Launch PadRohini RS-D138kgFailurePlaced into unusably low orbit, decayed after 9 daysD217 April 1983SLV Launch PadRohini RS-D241.5kgSuccess

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Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV)TheAugmented Satellite Launch Vehicle orAdvanced Satellite Launch Vehicle, also known asASLV, was a five-stage solid propellant rocket developed by theIndian Space Research Organization(ISRO) to place 150kg satellites into LEO(Low Earth Orbit).Project was started byIndiaduring the early 1980s to develop technologies needed for a payload to be placed into geostationary orbit. ASLV programme was terminated after the initial developmental flights. The payloads of ASLV wereStretched Rohini Satellites.

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FlightLaunch date/time (UTC)Launch padPayloadPayload massResultNotesD124 March 198706:39SLV Launch PadSROSS A150kgFailureFirst stage did not ignite after strap-on burnout.D213 July 198809:13SLV Launch PadSROSS-B150kgFailureInsufficient control gainD320 May 199200:30SLV Launch PadSROSS-C106kgPartial failureLower than expected orbit and incorrect spin-stabilisation, payload decayed quickly.D44 May 199400:00SLV Launch PadSROSS-C2113kgSuccess

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Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)ThePolar Satellite Launch Vehicle, commonly known by its abbreviationPSLV, is anexpendable launch system.It was developed to allow India to launch itsIndian Remote Sensing(IRS) satellites intosun synchronous orbits .PSLV can also launch small size satellites intogeostationary transfer orbit(GTO).As of 2014the PSLV has launched 65 satellites / spacecrafts (30 Indian and 35 Foreign Satellites) into a variety of orbits.Some notable payloads launched by PSLV include India'sChandrayaan-1lunar probe and theMars Orbiter Mission.It is the most successful launch vehicle in ISRO, till date, with 25 consecutively successful flights out of 26 launches

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HistoryIn April 2008, it successfully launched 10 satellites at once, breaking a world record held by Russia.On 9 September 2012 the PSLV flew its 21th consecutive successful launch mission.Its only failure in 22 flights was its maiden voyage in September 1993, providing the rocket with a 95 percent success rate.As of February 2013 the PSLV has made 23 launches, with 21 successful, one failure and one partial failure. It is still active and planning of new satellites is being done.

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PSLV-C(20)-101th launch creates a history

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Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)

Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle(abbreviated asGSLV) is anexpendable launch systemoperated by theIndian Space Research Organization (ISRO). It was developed to enableIndiato launch its satellites without dependence on foreign rockets and providers. GSLV has attempted eight launches to date, since its first launch in 2001 through its most recent launch in 2014.It is also still active and various other programme have been planned.

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At present, it is ISRO's heaviest satellite launch vehicle and is capable of putting a total payload of up to 5 tons to Low Earth Orbit. The vehicle is built by India with the cryogenic engine purchased from Russia while the ISRO develops its own engine programme.On 5 January 2014, GSLV D5 successfully launched GSAT-14 into intended orbit. This also marked first successful flight using indigenous cryogenic engine, making India sixth country in the world to have this technology.

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Planned Launches15D62015Mk IISecondGSAT-62100kgF08201XMk IISecondChandrayaan 23200 kg (launch)F09201XMk IISecondGSat 92330 kgDx2016Mk IISecondGSAT 10

FlightLaunch date/time (UTC)Launch padPayloadPayload mass

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Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark-III (GSLV III)

TheGSLV-IIIorGeosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark IIIis a currentlaunch vehicledevelopment project by theIndian Space Research Organizationthat got underway in the early-2000s. It is intended to launch heavy satellites intogeostationary orbit, and will allow India to become less dependent on foreign rockets for heavy lifting. The GSLV MK-3 will have an India built cryogenic stage with higher capacity than GSLV MK-2 and a passive cryogenic third stage.It would also be carrying a crew module.

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History/futureA suborbital flight test of the GSLV Mk3 launcher, without its cryogenic third stage, is planned by end of 2014. Its first orbital flight will take place in 2016. First manned flight is unlikely before 2020, possibly 23 years later.GSLV MK-3 first flight in 2014 would be used to test the crew module for the manned mission17

Earth observation and communication satellites

The INSAT seriesThe IRS seriesRadar Imaging SatellitesOther satellites

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Satellite Navigation

GAGAN(GPS aided geo augmented navigation)The IRNSS series

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GaganTheGPS aided geo augmented navigationorGPS and geo-augmented navigationsystem (GAGAN) is an implementation of a regionalsatellite-based augmentation system(SBAS) by theIndian government. It is a system to improve the accuracy of aGNSS receiverby providing reference signals.TheAirports Authority of India(AAI) efforts towards implementation of operational SBAS can be viewed as the first step towards introduction of modern communication, navigation, surveillance/Air Traffic Managementsystem over Indian airspace.

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History/plannedGSAT-8is an Indian geostationary satellites, which was successfully launched usingAriane 5on 21 May 2011 and is positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 55 degrees E longitude.GSAT-10is envisaged to augment the growing need of Ku and C-band transponders and carries 12 Ku Band, 12 C Band and 12 Extended C Band transponders and a GAGAN payload. The spacecraft employs the standard I-3K structure with power handling capability of around 6kW with a lift off mass of 3400kg. GSAT-10 was successfully launched byAriane 5on 29 September 2012.GSAT-15will carry 24 Ku band transponders with India coverage beam and a GAGAN payload. The satellite is planned to be launched during 2014-15 by Ariane 5. The platform system is based on I-3K satellite.

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irnssTheIndian Regional Navigation Satellite System(IRNASS) is an autonomous regionalsatellite navigation systemwhich would be under complete control of theIndian government. The requirement of such a navigation system is driven by the fact that access to foreign government-controlledglobal navigation satellite systemsis not guaranteed in hostile situations.ISRO plans to launch the constellation of satellites between 2012 and 2014.

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Services of Irnss

The IRNSS would provide two services: Standard Positioning Service open for civilian use in India as well as the region extending up to 1500 km from its boundary which is the primary service area .Restricted Service encrypted one, for authorized users(military) .It is expected to provide a position accuracy of better than 20 m in the primary service area.24Image of IRNSS

Various satellitesNameDate of LaunchPlanned LaunchPayload (KG)Orbit PlacedSatellite UsedIRNSS-1A1 July 2013-1380GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBITPSLV-C22IRNSS-1B4 April 2014-1432GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBITPSLV-C24IRNSS-1C-20141380GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBITPSLV LAUNCH VEHICHLEIRNSS-1D-2014 END1380GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBITPSLV LAUNCH VEHICHLE

IRNSS-1E-EARLY 20151380GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBITPSLV LAUNCH VEHICHLE

IRNSS-1F-MARCH 20151380--IRNSS-1G-MARCH 20151380--

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FUTURE DIRECTIONCapacity building earth observation, communication and navigation satellite. Space science missions to better & understand the universe and the planet earth.Development of heavy lift launcher.Reusable/low-cost launch vehicles.Manned missions.26

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