ISM20 – Project management and Research Methods Research Methodology Making presentations.
Dec 15, 2015
ISM20 – Project management and Research Methods
Research Methodology
Making presentations.
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
OUTLINE
Introduction
• Making presentations, Put your audience first!
• Speaking style, Time keeping
• Using notes, Composure
• Practical issues, pitfalls to avoid Preparing the content
• Tell `em, Tell `em, and Tell `em
• Visual aids What makes a good presentation? - Some guidelines Conclusions References
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Introduction: Making presentations
The aim is good, clear communication.
Most people are afraid of public speaking.
There is no substitute for preparation.
Collect and order relevant material.
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Introduction: Put your audience first!
Prepare the opening sentences carefully. Use a non-technical opening…… but only if it’s
relevant. Avoid openings like “Thank you Mr Chairman for those
kind words. It is a great pleasure to be here again in this great ……”
Throw your audience straight into the story “Is it possible to improve on the reliability of Airbus software?”
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Introduction: Speaking style.
An informal, conversational style is best. Avoid long, complicated sentences. Vary tone of voice to give expression. Vary the speed of delivery to provide
emphasis. But don’t speak too quickly: fast deliveries
are difficult to understand.
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Introduction: Time keeping.
Don’t speak for too long. People remember up to 40% of a 15 minute
talk, but only 20% after 45 minutes. Assume a presentation rate of 100 words
per minute. Keep to time!
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Introduction: Using notes.
NEVER read a script. Write out the text. List the key words to form your notes. Produce notes on cards rather than paper. Keep notes in order with a treasury tag. Practise… in front of a mirror!
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Introduction: Composure.
Hold your notes in one hand; let the other hang by your side.
Look at the audience - but not at one person!
Start slowly, having learned the first sentence.
Be aware of mannerisms and repeated gestures.
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Introduction: Practical issues
Explore the layout of the lecture room BEFOREHAND.
Understand how to control the projectors, microphones, lights, video…..
Do not speak while turning away from the microphone to look at a slide.
Overhead projectors should project upwards Do not obscure the slide projection.
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Introduction: pitfalls to avoid
Never, NEVER apologies for being an inexperienced speaker.
Never say “You will have seen all this before”“You will know more about this than I do” Audiences will be embarrassed - they are on your
side. Nervousness leads to uncertainty about your
material.
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Introduction: pitfalls to avoid.
Never try to be a stand up comic. Be humorous, but humour is often at
someone’s expense - make it your own. It is easy to offend people -
and lose their sympathy. Humour depends on timing. A joke that falls flat is embarrassing.
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
OUTLINE
Introduction
• Making presentations, Put your audience first!
• Speaking style, Time keeping
• Using notes, Composure
• Practical issues, pitfalls to avoid Preparing the content
• Tell `em, Tell `em, and Tell `em
• Visual aids What makes a good presentation? - Some guidelines Conclusions References
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Preparing the content: Tell `em, Tell `em, and Tell `em
The old salesman’s adage contains a good deal of truth: Tell ‘em what you’re going to tell ‘em; Tell ‘em; Tell ‘em what you’ve just told ‘em.
Don’t pack too much information into a talk.
Start with a brain map - and then order the material into a sequence.
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Preparing the content: Visual aids
OHPs can build on one another and are easy to produce.
35mm slides are more professional, easier to manipulate but more difficult to produce.
Computer screen projection is becoming the preferred option.
Laser pointers need practice and can be dangerous.
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Preparing the content: Visual aids
To point to an OHP place a pencil on the projector.
Slides should not be cluttered with information.
Use colour to emphasise a point and not for its own sake.
The minimum size font on an OHP should be 16 point.
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
OUTLINE
Introduction
• Making presentations, Put your audience first!
• Speaking style, Time keeping
• Using notes, Composure
• Practical issues, pitfalls to avoid Preparing the content
• Tell `em, Tell `em, and Tell `em
• Visual aids What makes a good presentation? - Some guidelines Conclusions References
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
What makes a good presentation? - Some guidelines
Tell ’em 1 Guideline 1 - Consider whom the presentation is designed for. Think about the audience. Do they know much about the subject? Are you using jargon or symbols that they are unfamiliar with? If you are talking to a small number of people, then they should be able to see the
computer screen without any problems. If there are a large number of people, then you will need to use a projector of some sort.
Guideline 2 - Keep the charts simple and uncluttered. Don’t put in any more or any less than is required Guideline 3- Make sure that the charts are legible, even from the back of the room. If you are making a presentation using a projector, then the characters need to be a
minimum of 0.5 cm high for members of the audience who are 100 metres away. For more mature people, the minimum height needs to be 1 cm.
Guideline 4 - Highlight key information Make it easy for the audience to pick out the most important details. Guideline 5 - Focus attention on one concept at a time Make sure that you are not giving the audience too much to think about at any one time. Guideline 6 - Reinforce your conclusion Finish the presentation with a summary of the main points that you want to make sure
that the audience has understood.
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Good presentation guidelines: Tell ‘m 2
Guideline 1 - Consider whom the presentation is designed for
• The audience• Terminology, Jargon or symbols• Number of people
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Good presentation guidelines
Guideline 2 - Keep the charts simple and uncluttered.
• Don’t put in any more or any less than is required
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Good presentation guidelines
Guideline 3 - Make sure that the charts are legible, even from the back of the room • If you are making a presentation using a
projector, then the characters need to be a minimum of 0.5 cm high for members of the audience who are 100 metres away. For more mature people, the minimum height needs to be 1 cm.
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Good presentation guidelines
Guideline 4 - Highlight key information
• Make it easy for the audience to pick out the most important details
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Good presentation guidelines
Guideline 5 - Focus attention on one concept at a time
• Make sure that you are not giving the audience too much to think about at any one time
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Good presentation guidelines
Guideline 6 - Reinforce your conclusion
• Finish the presentation with a summary of the main points that you want to make sure that the audience has understood
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Presentation Guidelines: Tell ‘m 3
In summary, we have Six Guidelines Who the presentation is designed for Keep charts simple Charts must be legible Highlight key information One concept at a time Reinforce your conclusion
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Project Costs
10. Smart Project Cost Cash Flow Forecast (April 1998 - June 1999)
Months Apr-98 May-98 Jun-98 Jul-98 Aug-98 Sep-98 Oct-98 Nov-98 Dec-98 Jan-99 Feb-99 Mar-99 Apr-99 May-99 Jun-99 TotalExpenditure (£'000)Pay of personnel 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 45000Overheads 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 6000Materials consumed 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 750Consultancy fees 0 0 2500 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2500 0 0 0 6000Sub-contract charges 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Fees for trials/mapping data 1000 1000 1500 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 50 50 4300Prepartion of technical manuals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 500Intellectual property costs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 500 1000 1000 3000Capital equipment/hardware 0 0 3000 5000 0 0 0 0 0 500 500 0 0 0 0 9000Market assessment 500 500 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 500 500 500 3000Training 1000 500 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2000Software 0 0 2500 0 0 0 2500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5000Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 5950 5450 13450 9450 3950 3450 6450 3450 3450 3950 3950 6550 4550 5000 5500 84550
IncomeDTI 15000 12000 2500 4000 4750 38250Balance 9050 3600 -4400 -1850 -5800 -9250 -13200 -16650 -20100 -20050 -24000 -30550 -30350 -35350 -40850
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Project Costs
Costs per month
020004000
60008000
1000012000
1400016000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Months
Po
un
ds
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Cost by Category
COSTS
52%
7%
1%
7%
5%
1%
4%
11%
4%2%
6%
Pay of personnel
Overheads
Materials consumed
Consultancy fees
Sub-contract charges
Fees for trials/mapping data
Prepartion of technical manuals
Intellectual property costs
Capital equipment/hardware
Market assessment
Training
Software
Other
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
OUTLINE
Introduction
• Making presentations, Put your audience first!
• Speaking style, Time keeping
• Using notes, Composure
• Practical issues, pitfalls to avoid Preparing the content
• Tell `em, Tell `em, and Tell `em
• Visual aids What makes a good presentation? - Some guidelines Conclusions References
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Conclusions
The aim is good, clear communication, there is no substitute for preparation.
In Preparing the content remember to• Tell `em, Tell `em, and Tell `em• Use good Visual aids
Follow good presentation guidelines• Who the presentation is designed for• Keep charts simple• Charts must be legible• Highlight key information• One concept at a time• Reinforce your conclusion
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
References
Campbell, J., (1990), Speak for yourself, BBC Books, London, ISBN 0563215119
Boothe, V., (1984), Communicating in science: writing and speaking, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 052127771 X
Tufte, E., (1983), The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, Graphics Press
ISM20 – Project Management and Research Methods
Good luck: better still, prepare thoroughly! And Practice