ISIZULU - arc.agric.za Catalogue Library/Goatkeepers... · INCWADI YOMFUYIZIMBUZI YOKUNAKEKELA IMPILO YEZILWANE IHLELWE NGO: A F Vatta, M A Abbott, J F de Villiers, S A Gumede, L

ISIZULU

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II NN CC WW AA DD IIYY OO MM FF UU YY II ZZ II MM BB UU ZZ IIYY OO KK UU NN AA KK EE KK EE LL AA

II MM PP II LL OOYY EE ZZ II LL WW AA NN EE

IHLELWE NGO:A F Vatta, M A Abbott, J F de Villiers,

S A Gumede, L J S Harrison, R C Krecek, B A Letty, N Mapeyi, R A Pearson

UMKHANDLU WEZOCWANINGO NGEZOLIMO2006

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Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi, xhumana nesazi ngempilo yesilwane sakho,udokotela wezilwane noma omunye umuntu ofanelekile

INCWADI YOMFUYIZIMBUZI YOKUNAKEKELA IMPILO YEZILWANE

ISBN-10 1-86849-341-5ISBN-13 978-1-86849-341-8

Ilungelo lokushicilela ligodlwe nguMkhandlu wezoCwaningongezoLimo

Imvume yanikezelwa uMkhandlu wezoCwaningo ngezoLimoukusebenzisa izithombe kuleli bhuku nokho ilungelolokushicilela lezithombe lisalokhu ligodlwengababhali/abathathi bezithombe

Imvume yanikwa uMkhandlu wezoCwaningo ngezoLimoukuphinde kusetshenziswe amakhadi okuphela kwegaziEFAMACHA© nokho ilungelo lokushicilela lisagodlweyiNhlangano yeziLwane yaseNingizimu Afrika

IsiZulu translation of Goatkeepers’ Animal Health Care ManualTranslation: Afri-Lingo CC

Ukuhlelwa nokuhlanganiswa kwebhuku ngu: M Lubbe

Ishicilelwe yisiKhungo seziLwane sase-Onderstepoort kanyenoMnyango wezoLimo nezeMvelo KwaZulu-Natal

Amakhophi aangatholiwa kku:

IsiKhulu sokuXhumana noMphakathiOnderstepoort Veterinary InstitutePrivate Bag X05Onderstepoort0110Republic of South AfricaIthelefoni: kuzwelonke - (012) 529 9111

emhlabeni wonke - +27 12 529 9111Ifekisi: kuzwelonke - (012) 565 6573

emhlabeni wonke - +27 12 565 6573E-mail: [email protected]: www.arc.agric.za

Noma

Ezokuthuthukiswa kwemithombo yokuqeqeshwakwabathekelisiUMnyango wezoLimo kanye nezeMvelo KwaZulu-Natal Private Bag X9059, Pietermaritzburg, 3200Republic of South AfricaIthelefoni: kuzwelonke - (033) 355 9100


emhlabeni wonke - +27 33 355 9303E-mail: [email protected]: www.agriculture.kzntl.gov.za

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Nakuba incwadi yomfuyizimbuzi yokunakekelaimpilo yezilwane yenzelwe ikakhulukazi ukubaisetshenziswe ngabafuyi bezimbuzi abampofuabahlala esifundeni esiseNingizimu NtshonalanganesiFundazwe saKwaZulu-Natal eNingizimuAfrika, izophinde ibe wusizo ezindaweni ezifanayongokwezolimo oluhlangene nezemvelo eNingizimune-Afrika.

Incwadi ihlilelwe ukuba isetshenziswe ngabafuyiemapulazini njengesiqondiso sokuhlela impiloyomhlambi, ukubona izimpawu zokuqala zempiloengenhle kanye nokuthumela ngokusheshakudokotela uma izifo noma izimo ezivamilezibonakala emfuyweni yabo kanyenokusetshenziswa njengethuluzi elinosizo

kubasebenzi abangabacobeleli ngesikhathibebambisana futhi behlangana nabalimi.

Izifo kanye nezimo ezichazwe kule ncwadi ziyilezoezihlonzwe njengezejwayeleke kakhulu futhiezibalulekile ngezingxoxo nabamelele imiphakathiehlwempu efuya izimbuzi kanye nabasebenzibakahulumeni abangabacobeleli esiFundazwenisaKwaZulu-Natal.

Singathanda ukubonga imibono kanye nezethuloezenziwa ngabalimi bemiphakathi yaseNkwezela,eHlafuna nakwaNjobokazi (eBulwer)esiFundazweni saKwaZulu-Natal, eNingizimuAfrika kanye nabanye ochwepheshe abahlola futhibacwaninga ushicilelo lokuqala lwale ncwadi.

IIII SSSS IIII NNNN GGGG EEEE NNNN IIII SSSS OOOO

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ISINGENISO iiiOKUQUKETHWE vIMIBONGO vii

ISIGABA 1 - IZIDINGONGQANGI KANYE NEZINQUBO ZEMIHLANGEMIHLA 1• Ngingayikhoselisa kanjani imbuzi yami? 2• Ngiyiphuzisa futhi ngiyiphakele kanjani imbuzi

yami? 3• Ngiyithutha kanjani imbuzi yami? 5• Ngiyiphatha futhi ngiyibophele kanjani imbuzi

yami? 6• Kungabe yindala kangakanani imbuzi yami? 7• Ngingasihlola kanjani isimo sembuzi yami? 8• Ngingazinakekela kanjani izinyawo

zembuzi yami? 9• Nungani kufanele ngithene futhi ngiyithena

kanjani imbuzi yami? 11• Yini efanele wukuba sebhokisini lezinto

zokusebenza lezimbuzi? 12

ISIGABA 2 - KUNGABE IMBUZIYAMI IPHILILE? 13• Kungabe imbuzi yami iphilile? 14• Kungani futhi kunini lapho kudingeke ukuba

ngigqoke amagilavu? 17• Ngikuhlola kanjani ukushisa kwembuzi? 18• Ukuhlola isidumbu 19

ISIGABA 3 - UKUSEBENZISAIMITHI NGOKUYIKHO 22• Ngingayisebenzisa kanjani ngokuyikho

imithi? 23• Ngingaselapha kanjani isilonda? 26• Ngiyiphuzisa kanjani imbuzi? 27• Ngiyelapha kanjani imikhaza? 28• Ngingayijova kanjani imbuzi yami? 29

ISIGABA 4 - IZIFOEZEJWAYELEKILE NEZIMOZEMPILO 31• Ukuphunza 32• Amathumba 34• Amathumba amangqina 36• Isifo samazolo/Amagonwana 37• Isifo sokuvuvuka kwebele 38• Inyumoniya 40• Isifo sezinso 41• Isifo sokuqina kwemisipha 42• Isifo solimi oluluhlaza 43• Umqhaqhazelo 44• Isifo sohudo (Coccidiosis) 46• Izikelemu eziyizinsungulo 47• Izikelemu ezingamabhande/Izilo ezimhlophe 49• Izilo zesibindi 50• Ukugoma 52

OOOO KKKK UUUU QQQQ UUUU KKKK EEEE TTTT HHHH WWWW EEEE

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Ulwazi, izithombe kanye nemidwebo okuvezweezihlokweni ezithizeni kule ncwadi kwaqalwaukutholwa ngozakwethu boPhiko lweMpiloyeziLwane zabaLimi abasaFufusa lweSikhungoseMpilo yeziLwane i-Onderstepoort. Mayelananalokhu sithanda ukubonga oDokotela uSaadiya YMangera, M S Kgaugelo Mashishi, Adriaan JOlivier, Mary-Louise Penrith kanye no Jenny ATurton. UDokotela Penrith ubongwa kakhulungokubuyekeza ngokujulile isigaba socwaningolwesidumbu.

Ulwazi ezigabeni ezibizwa ngokuthi Kungabe imbuziyami iphilile?, Kungabe yindala kangakanani imbuziyami? kanye nesithi Ngingayisebenzisa kanjaningokuyikho imithi? lwatholakala kuchungechungeolwashicilelwa nguMnyango wezoLimo olwaziwange-InfoPaks. Loluchungechunge luyatholakalakwiSikhungo soLwazi, uPhiko loSizo ngoLwazilwezoLimo, Private Bag X144, Pretoria 0001,South Africa.

Ngesikhathi kuhlanganiswa le ncwadi, kuyakwacashunwa kabanzi kulezi zincwadi ezilandelayo:• Bath, Gareth noDe Wet, Jan, 2000. Sheep and

goat diseases, Tafelberg Publishers Limited, CapeTown, 205 pp.

• Hunter, Archie, 1996. Animal Health Volume 1General Principles, The Tropical Agriculturalist,Macmillan with CTA, The Netherlands, 167 pp.

• Hunter, Archie, 1994. Animal Health Volume 2Specific Diseases, The Tropical Agriculturalist,Macmillan with CTA, The Netherlands, 214 pp.

Isithombe sesibaya sembuzi esigabenisokukhoselisa, ukuphuzisa kanye nokondlaizimbuzi sathathelwa kwiphosta enesihloko esithiDairy goats are great!, FARM-Africa kanye neMediaeCompany, Nairobi eKenya. Izithombe esigabenisokuthi ungabubona kanjani ubudala bembuzizaqala ukuvela kwibhukwana i-InfoPak yoMnyangowezoLimo futhi zaguqulelwa le ncwadi. UChristineSeegers wadweba izithombe zokuqala zezinseloesigabeni esimayelana nokunakekela izinselozembuzi, izithombe zokuqala zohlelo lokuthenakanye nezithombe zokuqala zesipontsho nenalitiesigabeni esimayelana nokujova. Lezi zithombe

ziguqulelwe le ncwadi. UChristine Seegerswaphinde wadweba isithombe sethumbu elisikwelavuleka kanye nesithombe esikhombisaukusetshenziswa kwekhadi leFAMACHA©

esigabeni sezilo. UJacques Coetser wadwebaizithombe zokuqala zokusebenzisa ngokuyikhoimithi, neziguqulelwe le ncwadi. Lapho kudingekakhona, uMarina Lubbe wenza uguqukooludingekile ezithombeni ezishiwo lapha futhiwadweba lezo ezisele ezingashiwongo lapha.

Izithombe zanikezelwa ngesihle yilaba:• USolwazi Gareth F Bath, Department of

Production Animal Studies, Faculty ofVeterinary Science, University of Pretoria,South Africa.

• UDkt. Jan A L de Wet, Department ofAgriculture, Free State Province, South Africa.

• UDkt. Martyn Edelsten, Centre for TropicalVeterinary Medicine (CTVM), The University ofEdinburgh, UK.

• Nks. Heloise Heyne, uMnu. Arthur Spickett,uMnu. Michael Stenson kanye noNks. Ellen vanWijk, Division of Parasitology, OnderstepoortVeterinary Institute, South Africa.

• UDkt. Shubh N Mahato, Country Director,Heifer International Nepal, Nepal.

• UDkt. Thomas Terrill, Fort Valley StateUniversity, USA.

• UDkt. Jenny A Turton, Geelong, Australia.

INhlangano yoKudla kanye nezoLimoyeNhlangano yeZizwe, eRome, eNtaliyaneyavumela ngesihle ukuba kusetshenziswe isithombesethumbu elibomvu neligcwele igesi esigabenisesifo sezinso. Isithombe saqala ukukhishwanjengomdwebo 163 kanye nesihloko esithiEnterotoxaemia (pulpy kidney). Dilated intestine showing apatchy congestion. Note also congestion of mesenteric lymphnodes, ebhukwini elilandelayo:• Herenda, D, Chambers, PG, Ettriqui, A,

Seneviratna, P and Da Silva, TJP, 1994. Manualon meat inspection for developing countries, FAOAnimal Production and Health Paper 119, Foodand Agriculture Organization of the UnitedNations, Rome, Italy, 357 pp.


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IIIIMMMMIIIIBBBBOOOONNNNGGGGOOOO

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Umbhalo wokuqala walomqulu wavivinywangezinsuku zokwazisa nemiphakathi yaseNkwezela,eHlafuna nakwaNjobokazi. Ababhali babongakakhulu kule miphakathi ngemibono eyakhayoeyatholakala.

Ababhali bedlulisa ukubonga kubasebenziboMnyango wezoLimo nezeMvelo, KwaZulu-Natal, ikakhulukazi kuMnu. Jacob NzimandenoMnu. Sibusiso Thusi kanye naseSikhungweniseMpilo yeziLwane i-Onderstepoort, ikakhulukaziuMnu. Michael Stenson kanye noMnu. DanielChipana, abasiza ngokuhlela izinsuku zokwazisakanye nasekuthatheni izithombe zale ncwadi.Kubongwa noNkk. Karlien Meyer kanye noMnu.Errol Boekhoven beSikhungo seMpilo yeziLwanei-Onderstepoort ngokuphrinta nokwembozainqwaba yamakhophi esikhashana ale ncwadi.

USolwazi Gareth F Bath, Department ofProduction Animal Studies, Faculty of VeterinaryScience, University of Pretoria, South Africa,Scientific Roets (Pty) Ltd, Kokstad, South Africa,uSolwazi Roy C Tustin, Department of VeterinaryTropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science,University of Pretoria, South Africa noDokotela ALee Willingham, International Livestock ResearchInstitute, eNairobi, eKenya bayabongwa

ngemibono eyakhayo mayelana nale ncwadi. UDkt.Alan Macleod, National Society for the Preventionof Cruelty to Animals, South Africa, uyabongwangezethulo ezakhayo esigabeni sokuthuthaizimbuzi.

Lapho kungakwazekanga ukuba kutholakaleisithombe sophawu oluthile noma umhuzukowesifo embuzini, izithombe zalezo zimpawu nomaleyo mihuzuko njengoba kubonakala ezimvininoma ezinkomeni, zasetshenziswa.

Nakuba lomqulu ungumphumela wohlelo iR8151nolwesekelwe ngezimali yi Animal HealthProgramme yoMnyango weNtuthuko yamazweoMhlaba kaHulumeni wase UK (iDFID), imibonoevezwe lapha akusiyona eye DFID.

Ukushicilelwa kwale ncwadi, ingxenye yakhokwesekelwa nguHlelo lweziMpilo eziThuthukayoemaKhaya loMkhandlu wezoCwaningo lwezoLimoeNingizimu Afrika kanye nohlelo lokuhlanganisaezeMfundo ePhakeme lweDFID nolwaziwangokuthi Improving the livelihood of resource-poor goatkeeping families in southern Africa, olulawulwanguMkhandlu waseBrithani.


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Ingqikithi yale ncwadi ngukunakekela impiloyezimbuzi nechazwe ezigabeni 2 kuya ku-4.Nokho-ke ukunakekelwa okwejwayelekilekwezimbuzi nakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sigabasichaza kafushane nje izinto ezibalulekileokuzofanele uzazi ngokunakekela okwejwayelekile,ukukhoseliswa, ukuphakelwa, ukuphuziswa kanyenokuphathwa kwezimbuzi zakho.

Ukuze izimbuzi zichume, kubalulekile ukuthi zibenesibaya esilungile futhi zondliwe ziphuziswengokufanele.

Ngokufanayo, uma kunesidingo sokuthuthaimbuzi, kubalulekile ukuthi imbuzi inakekelwengokuyikho ohambweni kanye nokukhumbulaukuthi imbuzi izodinga ukudla namanzi umaizohamba isikhathi eside.

Ukulimala ngengozi kwembuzi nomphathi wayokungenzeka uma izimbuzi zingaphathwa nomaziboshelwe ngendlela ephephile.

Kuyasiza ukwazi ukuhlonza ubudala bembuzi,ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kokuyithenga noma

uma ukhetha uhlobo lokuzalanisa, ukudayisa nomaukwehlisa isibalo.

Ukuhlola isimo sezimbuzi zakho njalo njekuzokwenza ukuthi wazi ukuthi izimbuzi zakhoziyachuma.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola izinselo zezimbuzizakho njalo nje ngoba izimbuzi zingayetha umaizinselo zikhula kakhulu.

Ekugcineni, sinihlinzeka ngohla olungusizolwezinto ezingasetshenziswa kanye nemithiokungenzeka ukudinge ukuze ukwazi ukuzisizaukuphatha ngendlela izimbuzi zakho zinsukuzonke.

Njengoba sekushiwo ekuqaleni, ingqikithi yalencwadi yimpilo yezimbuzi, ngakho-ke lesi sigabasezidingo ngqangi kanye nezinqubo zemihlangemihla sibe sifushane. Olunye ulwazi olunzulumayelana nalezi zihloko lungatholakala esikhulwiniesithekelisayo endaweni, uchwepheshe wempiloyezilwane, inhlangano yokubambisana ngezolimonoma udokotela wezilwane.


1

IZIDINGONGQANGI KANYE NEZINQUBO ZEMIHLA NGEMIHLA

IIII SSSS IIII GGGG AAAA BBBB AAAA 1111 -- IIII ZZZZ IIII DDDD IIII NNNN GGGG OOOO NNNN GGGG QQQQ AAAA NNNN GGGG IIII KKKK AAAA NNNN YYYY EEEE

NNNN EEEE ZZZZ IIII NNNN QQQQ UUUU BBBB OOOO ZZZZ EEEE MMMM IIII HHHH LLLL AAAA NNNN GGGG EEEE MMMM IIII HHHH LLLL AAAA

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• Isibaya sezimbuzi esakhiwe kahle kufanele sibenalezi zinto ezilandelayo:• Uphahla oluhle ukugcina imbuzi yomile.• Iphansi eliphakanyisiwe ukugcina izimbuzi

zomile.• Izimbotshana phansi ukwenzela ukuthi

imisimbane nokunye ukungcola kuphumelengaphansi kanye nokuvumela umoya ukubaungene.

• Umnyango ophephile futhi oqinileokhiyekayo ukugcina izimbuzi zingaphakathi,zomile futhi ziphephile.

• Ibhakede lamanzi nogqoko lokudlela okululaukukuhlanza futhi okulula ukuthi imbuziikusebenzise.

• Isitsha sesigaxa sikasawoti esiphakanyisiwefuthi esivikelekile emvuleni.

• Isibaya sembuzi kufanele sigcinwe sisesimweniesikahle futhi singabi nezinto ezicijile.



Isitsha sesigaxa sikasawoti kufanelesiphakanyiswe. (Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

Izimbotshana phansi zenza ukuthiimisimbane ikwazi ukuphumela ngaphansi.

(Isithombe: Adriano Vatta.)2

NNNN GGGG IIII NNNN GGGG AAAA YYYY IIII KKKK HHHH OOOO SSSS EEEE LLLL IIII SSSS AAAA KKKK AAAA NNNN JJJJ AAAA NNNN IIII IIII MMMM BBBB UUUU ZZZZ IIII YYYY AAAA MMMM IIII ????

Ugqoko lokudlela kufanele kube lula embuziniukulisebenzisa. (Isithombe: Adriano Vatta.)

Isihenqo esihle sesimo sezulu esibi.


• Ukuphakelwa okuhle kanye namanzi amaningiahlanzekile kubalulekile ekusizeni imbuzi yakhoihlale iphilile.

• Imbuzi ithola iningi lezondlimzimba ezidingayoekuklabeni. Idinga ukuthi iklabe futhi inqunteamahora ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombilingosuku.

• Ngesikhathi sonyaka esomile, izinga lokudlaokukhona liyehla futhi kubalulekile ukuhlinzekaukudla kokwengezelela ezilwaneni ikakhulukaziuma seziya emaphethelweni okumitha nomaisaqala ukuncelisa.

• Amanzi ahlanzekile kufanele abe khona ngasosonke isikhathi. Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulukaziuma imbuzi inamazinyane ancelayo. Yinikezeamanzi okungenani izikhathi ezine ngosukuuma engatholakali kalula.

UKUPHAKELA KOKWENGEZELELA• Izilwane zidinga kokubili amandla kanye

namaphrotheni ukuhlale ziphilile. Ifolishieligciniwe lingahlinzekwa ukwengezelelaekuklabeni ngezikhathi ezomile. Ifolishieliyimidumba yilo elihle kakhulu ngobalinamaphrotheni amaningi kanjalo linikanamandla. Kuba kuhle uma ukudlakokwengezelela kuba nezinhlobo okungenaniezine zefolishi ukuqinisekisa isidlo esiphelele.

• Izidlo ezigxilisiwe zinganikezwanjengezengezelelo (okungenani u400g ngosukungembuzi endala engamithi). Phakela ingxubeyezidlo eziyizinhlobo ezimbili kuya kwezintathukwezigxilisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthikunokulingana phakathi kwamandlanamaphrotheni.

• Isipuni sikasawoti kanye nengxube yamamineralinamavithamini kufanele kufakwe esidlwenisokwengezelela esihlinzekwayo ukuqinisekisa


3


NNNN GGGG IIII YYYY IIII PPPP HHHH UUUU ZZZZ IIII SSSS AAAA FFFF UUUU TTTT HHHH IIII NNNN GGGG IIII YYYY IIII PPPP HHHH AAAA KKKK EEEE LLLL EEEE

KKKK AAAA NNNN JJJJ AAAA NNNN IIII IIII MMMM BBBB UUUU ZZZZ IIII YYYY AAAA MMMM IIII ????

Amanzi ahlanzekile kufanele abe khona ngasosonke isikhathi. Lokhu kubalulekile

ikakhulukazi uma imbuzi inamazinyaneancelayo. (Isithombe: Adriano Vatta.)

Isigaxa sotiligi lwe-urea esibekelwe izilwaneukuba zizikhothele sizinikeza umthombo

omuhle wenayithrojini namandla. (Isithombe:Leslie Harrison.)


ukuthi izidingo zamavithamini namamineralikuyahlangatshezwana naso.

• Izidlo ezigxilisiwe nezinika amandla ngummbila,izinhlamvu zabaphisi botshwala kanye nokudlaokulikhekhe okwenziwe ngamafutha kakotini.

• Izidlo ezinamaphrotheni amaningi zihlanganisaizidlo zenhlanzi, isidlo esenziwe ngobhontshisiwesoya, isidlo esilikhekhe esenziwe ngamafuthakakotini kanye nezinhlamvu zabaphisibotshwala.

• Isigaxa sotiligi lwe-urea sinikeza izilwanengomthombo omuhle wenayithrojini kanyenamandla uma zilokhu zisikhotha. Lokhukuzisiza ekutheni zetshise kangcono ifolishi,ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi esomile. Kufanelesifakwe esitsheni esiphakanyisiwe esibayeniukuze zonke izimbuzi zikwazi ukuzikhothelauma zifuna.

IMITHETHO YOKUPHAKELA• Thenga isidlo sekhwalithi ephambili ongakwazi

ukuyithenga.• Beka isidlo endaweni ekahle - sivikelekile

elangeni nasemvuleni.• Qokelela utshani obomisiwe ukwenzela

izikhathi zokweswelakala kokudla.• Hlinzeka ngesidlo ogqokweni, hhayi phansi,

ukuze kunciphe ukonakala nencithakalo.• Gcina izitsha zesidlo namanzi zihlanzekile futhi

ukususe lokho okusalile.• Lwenze kancane kancane isikhathi esiyisonto

uguquko emthamweni wokudla.

• Gaya noma ugxobe okusanhlamvu ukwenzangcono ukugayeka kokudla kanyenokukucobosha. Ukumanzisa okusanhlamvukungenye indlela engasetshenziswa umaukugaya kungenakwenzeka, kodwa manzisaokusanhlamvu amahora amathathu kuyakwamane kuphela ngaphambi kokuphakela.

• Qoba okusanhlamvu okuzinsalela kanyenefolishi yotshani kube ngamaqatha amafushanengaphambi kokuphakela ngogqoko.

• Hlanganisa isidlo ngokucophelela futhi kubengumthamo owenele ukuphakelwa kosuku.

UKUPHAKELA IZILWANEEZIGULAYO

• Izilwane ezigulayo zinesidingo esiphakemesamanzi, amandla kanye namaphrothenikunalezo eziphilile, kodwa azikuthandi ukudla.

• Nikeza isilwane esigulayo imithamo emincaneyesidlo esigxilisiwe izikhathi ezinhlanu kuyakweziyisithupha ngosuku.

• Ggqugquzela uthando lokudla ngemithamoemincane yokudla, ngokukumanzisa ukudlakanye nokwengeza utiligi noma usawoti.

• Utshani obusanda kusikwa bungasiza futhibungumthombo omuhle wamavithamini.

• Phakela isilwane esigulayo kude nezinye izilwaneukuvimbela ukuthi siphazamiseke.

• Izilwane ezigulayo kuyenzeka zidlengokunensayo ngakho-ke zingadinga isikhathiesiningi ukudla kunokuba ziphilile.

4




• Kubalulekile ukuthutha izilwane ngendlela efaneleukuvimbela ukulimala kanye nokufa kwezimbuzi.

• Ubohlale njalo uphatha izimbuzi ezizothuthwangesinono nesizotha.

• Hlinzeka izimbuzi ngokudla namanzi kuze kubeyisikhathi uhambo luqala.

• Vumela izilwane ezingazani ukuba zihlanganefuthi zazane ngaphambi kokuba uzikhweze.

• Ungakhwezi izimbuzi ezigulayo, ezikhathele nomaezibuthaka nalezo eziqinile futhi eziphilayo ngobaizilwane ezibuthaka ziye zife noma zilimale kabi.

• Izilwane zensikazi ezibonakalayo ukuthi zimithiakufanele zithuthwe ngoba kungenzeka ziphunzenoma zizale ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxayengcindezi yokuthuthwa.

• Iphansi lenqola esetshenziswayo ukuthuthaizimbuzi kufanele liqine futhi kube lulaukulihlanza.

• Kufanele libe neminkenke ephakeme ukuvimbelaizimbuzi ukuba zingashele futhi zizilimaze.

• Amacala enqola kufanele aphakame ngokwaneleukuvimbela izimbuzi ukuba zingagxumelingaphandle kwemoto.

• Akufanele kube nesikhala phakathi kwephansikanye nezinsimbi ezisemaceleni kanye nanomayiziphi nje izahlukanisi. Imbuzi kungenzeka ifakeumlenze wayo kuleso sikhala bese yephukaumlenze.

• Izahlukanisi ezisenqoleni kufanelezisetshenziselwe ukumisela ukushukuzakwezilwane ezithuthwayo ukuze zingaphonsekingapha nangapha, ngokwesibonelo, uma inqolayehlisa isivinini.

• Izahlukanisi kufanele zisetshenziselweukwehlukanisa izimbuzi ezingalinganingobukhulu, lezo ezinezimpondo kulezoezingenazo kanye nezingqama.

• Akufanele ukuthi kube nezindawo nomaamakhona acijile endaweni yenqola laphokuzogcinwa khona izimbuzi.

• Akufanele ukuthi ube nezinto ezingaboshelwenjengamahalavu ezithuthwa nezilwane.

• Inqola kufanele ingenise umoya ngokuyikhoukuze izimbuzi zithole umoya omusha.

• Inqola kufanele ihlinzeke ngokuvikeleka esimweniesibi sezulu (ngokwesibonelo, imvula noma

imimoya eqinile) futhi kufanele ihlinzekengomthunzi ukuze zingashiswa yilanga.

• Ungayigcwalisi ngokweqile inqola. Kufaneleukuthi kungabi nesikhala esingansi kuka-0,4 m2

ngembuzi nganye, lokhu kuyisikhala esiyimithaelilodwa kanye neliyingxenye lephansi ngembuzingayinye. Lokhu kungubude bembuzi kuphindwekabili ngobubanzi bayo.

• Ungayigcwalisi ngezimbuzi ezimbalwa inqola.Okungcono ngukubophela izilwane ngokuyikho,ngokwesibonelo, ngokuzibophezela esakenieliboshelwe entanyeni yesilwane.Ungawabopheleli amanqina esilwane eboshelwengalendlela. Beka isilwane ngendlela yokuthi ilalengesifuba.

• Izimbuzi akufanele ziboshelwe isikhathiesingaphezu kwamahora amane esikhathiniesingamahora angamashumi amabili nane. Imbuzieboshelelwe esakeni kufanele ihlale ihlolwa njaloesikhathini esiyingxenye yehora ukubona ukuthiayiqunjelwe yini.

• Umshayeli akufanele abophe ibhuleki noma asusengesivinini futhi akufanele umshayeli ajikeemakhoneni ngesivinini.

• Izimbuzi akufanele ukuthi zithuthwe ngomgwaqoisikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angamashumiamathathu nesithupha kusukela ngesikhathizikhwezwa. Uma izimbuzi kufanele zithuthweisikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angamashumiamathathu nesithupha, kufanele zidilizweizikhawu ezingengaphansi kwamahoraangamashumi amabili nane futhi zinikwe ithubalokuphumula nokubuyisa amandla amahoraayishumi nambili ngaphambi kokuba zithuthelwephambili. Izimbuzi kufanele zihlinzekwengokudla namanzi ngesikhathi sokuhlaba ikhefu.

• Indlela ezothathwa kufanele ihlelwengokucophelela ezinkambweni ezinde laphokungenzeka kudingeke ukudla namanzi.

• Izimbuzi ezithuthwayo kufanele zihlolwekungakadluli imizuzu engamashumi amathathuemva kokuqala kohambo bese zihlolwa njaloemva kokungenani amahora amabili ukubhekaukuthi ayikho yini imbuzi esiwile nomayabambeka ngekhanda noma ngenqina.



5

NNNN GGGG IIII YYYY IIII TTTT HHHH UUUU TTTT HHHH AAAA KKKK AAAA NNNN JJJJ AAAA NNNN IIII IIII MMMM BBBB UUUU ZZZZ IIII YYYY AAAA MMMM IIII ????


• Kubalulekile ukuthi umfuyi wembuzi akwaziukuthatha imbuzi eyodwa emhlanjini asebenzengayo.

• Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela yokuthiangabikho phakathi kwembuzi nomfuyiolimalayo, okhathalayo noma ohluthukayo(ikakhulukazi ezimithi).

• Ungazimemezi izimbuzi noma uzigijimise.• Indlela elula kunazo zonke zokubamba imbuzi

ngukuyinika ukudla okwevile noma ukuyeqelauyifake esihenqweni noma egoqweni laphoungayibamba khona.

• Ngokuthula, yiya ecaleni lembuzi, yibambengezimpondo, ngentamo noma phezuluemlenzenzi wangemuva.

• Imbuzi esencane ingabanjwa ngokuthiuyibambe ngesandla esisodwa ngaphambikwamanqina angaphambili kuthi ngesinyeisandla uyibambe emanqineni angemuva.

• Uma usebenza ngawedwana, ungayibambaimbuzi endaweni eyodwa ngefindo lentamboeboshelwe kahle entanyeni yembuzi yaseiboshelwa esihlahleni noma esigxotsheni.

• Uma unomuntu okusizayo, angasibambaisilwane entanyeni noma ezimpondweni.

• Uma uzosebenza ngembuzi isikhathi eside,yilalise ngecala ngokubamba amanqinauwadonsele kuwe.

• Yibambe ngamanqina angaphambiliuyiphakamise imbuzi ukuze ihlale ngesinqe.



6

Ukubanjwa kwembuzi.(Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

Ukubophela imbuzi.(Isithombe: Adriano Vatta.)

Umsizi angasiza ngokubamba imbuzi.(Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

Ukubamba imbuzi ehleli ngesinqe.(Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

NNNN GGGG IIII YYYY IIII PPPP HHHH AAAA TTTT HHHH AAAA FFFF UUUU TTTT HHHH IIII NNNN GGGG IIII YYYY IIII BBBB OOOO PPPP HHHH EEEE LLLL EEEE

KKKK AAAA NNNN JJJJ AAAA NNNN IIII IIII MMMM BBBB UUUU ZZZZ IIII YYYY AAAA MMMM IIII ????


• Wungakala ukuthi indala kangakanani imbuziyakho ngokubheka amazinyo ayo.

• Amazinyo aya ngokudleka ngokukhulakwembuzi.

• Izilwane ezindala ziba namazinyo adlekile("imilomo esikekile") futhi azikwazi ukudlakahle njengezimbuzi ezisencane.



7

Indlela yokuhlola amazinyo.(Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

Amazinyo obisi 2-amazinyo:(amazinyo obuntwana): 1 kuya ku-1½ iminyaka

ngaphansi konyaka owodwa wobudala

4-amazinyo: 2 iminyaka 6-amazinyo: 2½ iminyaka

Umlomo ogcwele: Umlomo odlekile noma 2½ kuya ku-3 iminyaka olimele:

3 iminyaka yobudala

Enezinsini: igugile

KKKK UUUU NNNN GGGG AAAA BBBB EEEE YYYY IIII NNNN DDDD AAAA LLLL AAAA KKKK AAAA NNNN GGGG AAAA KKKK AAAA NNNN AAAA NNNN IIII

IIII MMMM BBBB UUUU ZZZZ IIII YYYY AAAA MMMM IIII ????


• Ukuhlola umzimba wembuzi ngokuyinikaamaphuzu kuyindlela esheshayo futhi elulayokuthola ukuthi kungabe imbuzi yakho itholaokwanele yini kokudla noma idla kakhulu.

• Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithilezonyaka, okungukuthi ngaphambi kwezinkathizokuzala kanye nokuncelisa.

• Izimbuzi eziyizinsikazi zinamaphuzu amathathukuya kwamane ngaphambi kokuzala. Lokhukwenzelwa ukuba zibe sesimweni esihle sokuthizingamitha.

• Ngesikhathi sokuzala, izilwane zensikazikufanele zibe namaphuzu amathathu kuyakwamathathu nengxenye uma zithweleamazinyane angawodwa noma amaphuzuamathathu nengxenye kuya kwamane kulezoezithwele amaphahla. Lokhu ngukuqinisekisaukuthi izilwane ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza ubisiolwenele uma amazinyane esezelwe.

• Uma izimbuzi zizacile, ziphakelengezakhimizimba ukuze isimo sazo sibengcono.

• Misela isikalo sokudla izimbuzi ezikudlayo umazikhuluphele kakhulu.

• Imidwebo lena evezwe ngenzansiingasetshenziswa ukunika amaphuzu imbuziyakho ngesimo sayo.

Yizwa umthamo wemisipha kanye nezicubuzamafutha endaweni engaphansi

ngasemuva. (Isithombe: Marina Lubbe.)



1: izacekakhulu

2: izacile

3: iyenelisa

4: iyenelisa kodwaiyela

ngasekukhuluphaleni

5: ikhuluphelekakhulu

8

NNNN GGGG IIII NNNN GGGG AAAA SSSS IIII HHHH LLLL OOOO LLLL AAAA KKKK AAAA NNNN JJJJ AAAA NNNN IIII IIII SSSS IIII MMMM OOOO

SSSS EEEE MMMM BBBB UUUU ZZZZ IIII YYYY AAAA MMMM IIII ????


• Sebenzisa isikelo sezinselo ukuncwela izinselolapho kunesidingo khona.

• Ncwela izinselo njalo nje ukuze zihlale ziyisimosazo esejwayelekile.

• Lokhu kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imbuziayingenwa yizinkinga zezinyawo nomaidodobale.

• Uzodinga umelekeleli ozobamba imbuzingesikhathi uyincwela izinselo.

• Umelekeleli kufanele agcine isilwane sihlelikahle ngokunethezeka.

• Ngokusebenzisa ukudla kwesikelo sezinselo,susa ukungcola kanye nodaka enselweni.

• Qwaza ukujula kwesithende senselo ngaphambikokuba uqale ukusika ubonda lwenselo.

• Ncwela kancane kancane izinselo kuze kubeubona umsweswana omhlophe wenselo entshaekhulayo.

• Lezi zithombe ezilandelayo zikhombisa ukuthizincwelwa kanjani izinselo.

• Qala ngokuncwelangasekucijenikwenselo yesidladlaesisodwa.

• Bese uncwelaingaphandlelwenselo.

• Ekugcineni beseuncwelaingaphakathilenselo.Kuphinde lokhukwinseloyesinye isidladla.



9

Isikelo sezinselo.(Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

Qala ngokuncwela ngasekucijenikwenselo yesidladla esisodwa.(Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

Isinyathelo1

Isinyathelo 2

Izinselo zonyawo olulodwa esezincweliwe,izinselo zolunye unyawo ezisalindele

ukuncwelwa. (Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

Isinyathelo 3

NNNN GGGG IIII NNNN GGGG AAAA ZZZZ IIII NNNN AAAA KKKK EEEE KKKK EEEE LLLL AAAA KKKK AAAA NNNN JJJJ AAAA NNNN IIII IIII ZZZZ IIII NNNN YYYY AAAA WWWW OOOO

ZZZZ EEEE MMMM BBBB UUUU ZZZZ IIII YYYY AAAA MMMM IIII ????


• Qaphela: Kungenzeka ingaphinde ibuyeleesimweni sayo esejwayelekile inselo kulezizinselo esezikhule kakhulu, ngokokuqala.Kungenzeka udinge ukuzibuyisela esimwenisazo esikhathini esingamasonto ambalwa.


10


Ukuncwela ngaphakathi kwenselo.(Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

Inselo emva kokuncwelwa.(Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

Ukumilakabushakwenselo


• Siphakamisa ukuthi uthene amazinyaneangamaduna ngaphambi kokuthi abenamasonto amabili ubudala ngokusebenzisaindlela ye-Elastrator®.

• Lokhu kulula kuwe futhi kuphephile esilwanenikunendlela evulekile yokuthena lapho amasendeenqunywa khona.

• Khetha izimbuzi zakho zeqophele eliphezuluuzigcinele ukuzalanisa.

• Ezinye izimbuzi zamaduna kuzoba lulaukuzilawula uma uzithena.

• Uma usuzihlaba emva kwesikhathi, inyama yazoiyonambitheka kangcono.

• Ngokuvumela izimbuzi eziphambili kakhuluzamaduna ukuzalanisa izinsikazi, ungenzangcono ikhwalithi lamazinyane emhlambiniwakho.

• Thena kuphela lawo mazinyane azelweyizinsikazi ezagonyelwa ukuqina kwemisiphaemasontweni ayisithupha kuyakwayisishiyagalombili ngaphambi kokumitha.

• Buza usochwepheshe wempilo yezilwane nomaudokotela wezilwane ukuthi akukhombiseukuthi kuthenwa kanjani ngaphambi kokubauzame ukukwenza wena lokhu ngokokuqala.

• Indlela ye-Elastrator® isebenzisa iringi eyirabhaneboshelwa endaweni yobudoda ngaphezu njekwamasende womabili.

• Leringi yerabha iyekelwa lapho nevimbelaukuphakelwa kwegazi kulendawo futhi lokhukwenza ukuthi ubudoda namasendekushwabane kanti kuyaziwela ngemuvakwamasonto amathathu kuya kwamane.

• Uma kwenzeka, thena amaduna ngosukuolupholile.

• Sebenza ngenhlanzeko enkulu.• Yigeze bese uyifaka isibulali magciwane

i-Elastrator®.• Bamba imbuzi

ngendlelayokuthi ukwaziukusebenzaemasendeni.

• Ngaphambikokubauyithene,qinisekisaukuthiuyawezwawomabiliamasende.

• Faka iringiyerabha kwi-Elastrator®.

• Ngokusebenzisa

i-Elastrator®, vula iringi yerabha.• Bamba womabili amasende, wadonsele

uwapulukutshelise kuyo iringi yerabha evulekile.• Qinisekisa ukuthi izingono ezincane

azidonseki ngengozi.• Dedela i-Elastrator® ukuba ivale iringi yerabha.• Ngemva kwalokho, lihlole izinyane nsukuzonke

ukubona ukuthi akukho yini ukubhibha.• I-Elastrator® kanye namaringi erabha

kungathengwa ezitolo zokubambisana zezolimo.


11


Qinisekisa ukuthi izingonoezincane azidonseki

ngengozi. (Isithombe:Leslie Harrison.) Uhlelo lokuthena.

KKKK UUUU NNNN GGGG AAAA NNNN IIII KKKK UUUU FFFF AAAA NNNN EEEE LLLL EEEE NNNN GGGG IIII TTTT HHHH EEEE NNNN EEEE FFFF UUUU TTTT HHHH IIII

NNNN GGGG IIII YYYY IIII TTTT HHHH EEEE NNNN AAAA KKKK AAAA NNNN JJJJ AAAA NNNN IIII IIII MMMM BBBB UUUU ZZZZ IIII YYYY AAAA MMMM IIII ????


• Izipontsho kanye nezinaliti• Amagilavu noma izikhwama zepulasitiki

ezihlanzekile• Isibulali magciwane esingasetshenziswa

ezimbuzini• Ummese obukhali kakhulu ongasetshenziselwa

lutho olunye• Izikelo zokuncwela izinselo• Amathegi amadlebe kanye nokokuwafaka• Insipho• Umshini wokuhlola ukushisa nosetshenziswa

ezimbuzini kuphela• Amathawula angamaphepha• Intambo yokubophela imbuzi• I-Elastrator® kanye namaringi ayo erabha• Iphakethe elincane letswayi• Umentshisi• Indishi yothayela• Izikhwama zepulasitiki ukuqokelela amasampula• Imithi yezimbuzi• Umuthi wokukhipha izikelemu• I-Oxytetracycline• Umchintso wezilonda onesibulali zinambuzane

ikakhulukazi izimpukane

• Libhale ngokugqamile ibhokisi lezintozokusebenza.

• Ligcine endaweni emnyama nepholile.• Ligcine endaweni evikelekile.• Gcina ibhokisi lezinto zokusebenza lapho

izingane zingenakulithola khona.• Sebenzisa lokho okuphakathi ezimbuzini

kuphela.• Phindisela izinto eziphakathi ngokushesha

emva kokuzisebenzisa.• Hlola izinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi

njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu.• Buyisela imithi esimidala kunesikhathi

esibekiwe esitolo noma kudokotelawezempilo ukuze ikwazi ukulahlwangendlela eyiyo.



12

Ibhokisi lezinto zokusebenza izimbuzi.(Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

Ithegi yendlebe nokokuyifaka.(Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

YYYY IIII NNNN IIII EEEE FFFF AAAA NNNN EEEE LLLL EEEE WWWW UUUU KKKK UUUU BBBB AAAA SSSS EEEE BBBB HHHH OOOO KKKK IIII SSSS IIII NNNN IIII

LLLL EEEE ZZZZ IIII NNNN TTTT OOOO ZZZZ OOOO KKKK UUUU SSSS EEEE BBBB EEEE NNNN ZZZZ AAAA LLLL EEEE ZZZZ IIII MMMM BBBB UUUU ZZZZ IIII ????



KUNGABE IMBUZI YAMI IPHILILE?

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uzihlonza kanjaniizimbuzi eziphilayo kanye nezigulayongoba lokhu kukunika ithuba lokwenza izintoeziningi ezibalulekile, njengesibonelokukuvumela ukuthi:• Uhlole izimbuzi futhi wazi ukuthi ziphilile

ngaphambi kokuba uzithenge.• Uhlole ukuthi izimbuzi zakho ezikhona ziphilile

nsuku zonke uma uzihlola.• Uhlonze ngokushesha lezo zimbuzi ezigulayo

ukuze zelashwe.• Uhlonza izimbuzi ezindala, ezigulayo noma

ezingenanzuzo ukuze kwazeke ukuba zikhishweemhlambini.

• Ukhethe izimbuzi zezinsikazi eziphilileukuzizalanisa.

• Unqume ukuthi yiziphi izimbuzi ozozidayisanoma uzihlabe.

Lesi sigaba sikutshela ukuthi ungazihlonza kanjaniizimbu eziphilile kanye nezigulayo futhisineziphakamiso zokuthi kufanele wenzenjani uma

uhlonza imbuzi egulayo noma uthola ukuthi enyeisifile.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yisiphi isikhathiesifanele sokugqoka amagilavu uma ubambeimbuzi ukuvikela umbambi ezifweni kanyenokusiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwaso.

Ukuhlola izinga lokushisa lembuzi ngokuyikhokuzokusiza ukuthi wazi ukuthi yini okonakelengembuzi njengoba kuzokutshela ukuthi kungabeimbuzi inemfiva yini noma cha.

Okokugcina, ngezinye izikhathi imbuzi kungenzekaukuthi ifile, kanti njengoba ukuhlolela imbangelayokufa kuzokusiza ukuhlonza imbangela yokufa,kunesigaba esifakiwe esichaza ngokuthiungakwenza kanjani lokhu ngokuyikho.

Ochwepheshe bempilo yezilwane, odokotelabezilwane bakahulumeni noma abazimelebazokwazi ukukunikezela ngolwazi olwengeziwe.

IIIISSSS IIIIGGGGAAAABBBBAAAA 2222 -- KKKKUUUUNNNNGGGGAAAABBBBEEEE IIIIMMMMBBBBUUUUZZZZ IIII YYYYAAAAMMMMIIII IIII PPPPHHHHIIII LLLL IIII LLLLEEEE????

13


IMIBUZO OKUFANELE UYIBUZEUMI BUQAMAMA

UNGAPHAZAMISI UMHLAMBI…• Kungabe zonke izilwane emhlambini zibukeka

ziphilile?• Kungabe umhlambi usesimweni esihle?• Kungabe ingxenye yomhlambi iyetshisa?• Kungabe izimbuzi zinempilo futhi

ziyimiqemane enukanukayo?• Kulelibanga, kungabe yonke into emayelana

nembuzi ibukeka yejwayelekile?• Kungabe imbuzi yenza konke lokho okwenziwa

wumhlambi?• Kungabe imbuzi ibukeka izothile; ingajabule

noma ibhocobele?• Kungabe imbuzi imile noma ihamba

ngokwejwayelekile?• Uma ilala phansi, kungabe indlela elele ngayo

yejwayelekile?• Kungabe imbuzi idla futhi iphuza

ngokwejwayelekile?• Uma isilwane sithimula, kungabe sithimula

ngendlela elindelekile; hhayi ngokweqile nomangenxa yobuhlungu?

• Kungabe imbuzi iziphethe ngendlelaeyejwayelekile okungukuthi ayizenwayingokwedlulele noma ayizihuzuli ngokweqileezintweni ezimahhadla?

• Uma imbuzi kungeyensikazi noma inezinyane,kungabe idla kahle?

• Uma imbuzi kungeyeduna, kungabeisizimithisile izinsikazi?

YIYA KULEYO MBUZI, YIBAMBEUYIBHEKISISE USEDUZE

UKUTHOLA UKUTHI...• Kungabe imbuzi ithambile futhi kulula

ukuyibamba?• Kungabe isilwane sibukeka sikhululekile?• Kungabe imbuzi leyo isesimweni esihle,

ayizacile kakhulu futhi ayikhuluphele kakhulu?• Uma uncweba isikhumba, kungabe sisheshe

sibuyele endaweni yaso eyejwayelekile?• Kungabe isikhumba sayo siyakhanga futhi

siyacwebezela?• Kungabe isikhumba asinabo uboya

obuzihambela bodwa?• Kungabe lesi silwane asinayo imikhaza,

izintwala kanye nezibungu ngaphansi komsila,ngasebeleni, endlebeni naphakathi kwezinzipho?

• Kungabe imbuzi ayinazo izilonda noma izigaxa?• Kungabe ukushisa kwesilwane

ngokwejwayelekile?

MANJE BHEKA ZONKEIZINGXENYE EZAHLUKENE

ZOMZIMBA… IKHANDA NENTAMO• Kungabe ikhanda, intamo kanye nemihlathi

akuvuvukele?• Kungabe umumo wekhanda wejwayelekile;

awudonsekile noma awupheqekile?• Kungabe amazinyo embuzi asesimweni esihle

futhi awadlekile?• Kungabe usubuhlonzile ubudala bembuzi

ngokubheka amazinyo ayo? (Bona ikhasi 5.)• Kungabe imbuzi ihlafuna ngokwejwayelekile;

ayishayanisi amazinyo ngokubuhlungu?• Kungabe kunomthamo owejwayelekile

wamathe?• Kungabe umlomo awunalutho oluphumayo?• Kungabe imbuzi igwinya kalula ngaphandle

kokukhipha ukudla emlonyeni?• Kungabe umlomo nolimi kuphilile akunazilonda

noma ukopha?• Kungabe izinsini zibomvana futhi ziqinile?• Kungabe ikhala lipholile futhi limanzana futhi

alinalutho oluphumayo?• Kungabe ikhala alinazo izilonda noma

izinkomba zokopha?• Kungabe umoya ewuphefumulayo unuka kahle?• Kungabe amehlo agqamile futhi agcwele;

awasizo izigobhe; awanamafu?• Kungabe womabili amehlo awaphumi lutho?• Kungabe amajwabu amehlo awanalutho

olukhula kuwo?• Uma ngilivala ijwabu, kungabe libomvana,

njengezinsini?

ISIFUBA• Kungabe isilwane siphefumula ngesilinganiso

esingukuphefumula okungu-25 kuya ku-35ngomzuzu?



14

KKKK UUUU NNNN GGGG AAAA BBBB EEEE IIII MMMM BBBB UUUU ZZZZ IIII YYYY AAAA MMMM IIII IIII PPPP HHHH IIII LLLL IIII LLLL EEEE ????


• Kungabe ukudepha kokuphefumulakujwayelekile?

• Kungabe isilwane siphefumula umlomo wasouvalekile?

• Kungabe iphefumula kalula futhi yenzaimisindo yokuphefumula eyejwayelekile?

• Kungabe isilwane asikhwehleli noma asithimuli?

ISISU• Kungabe ubukhulu nomumo wesisu kubukeka

kwejwayelekile?• Kungabe ingaphandle lesisu lihlelembekile futhi

alinakho ukuvuvukala noma izibhono?• Uma ubheka imbuzi ngasemuva, kungabe

womabili amacala esisu abukeka efana?• Kungabe imbuzi ichama ngokwejwayelekile?• Kungabe ukuchama kwenzeka ngokulawuleka,

akunabo ubuhlungu futhi ayichami njalo?• Kungabe umchamo ucacile, uphuzi futhi

awunalo igazi noma ubomvu?• Kungabe umsila noma indawo engemuva

yesilwane ihlanzekile ayinazo izihlisaezibangelwa wuhudo?

• Kungabe imbuzi ikhipha imisimbanengokukhululekile, ngaphandle kokuzabalazangenxa yokuqunjelwa?

• Kungabe imisimbane yembuzi yakheke kahle?• Kungabe imisimbane ayinazinkomba zohudo

(imisimbane esamanzi) noma igazi?

IZINSIKAZI• Kungabe ibele liqinile?• Kungabe ibele limi ngokuyikho?• Kungabe ibele linengaphandle elihlelembeke

kahle?• Kungabe imibele iphezulu ngokwanele ukusuka

emhlabathini?• Kungabe kunemibele emibili enobukhulu

obulinganayo, yomibili ebheke phambili?• Kungabe imibele ayinazinkomba zomonakalo?• Kungabe akukho nkomba yobuhlungu uma

uthinta ibele?• Kungabe ukushisa kwebele kuyefana nalokho

kwengaphansi lembuzi?• Esilwaneni esikhiqiza ubisi, kungabe ubisi

lumthubi, lubushelelezi futhi alunazo izigaxanoma igazi?

• Kungabe imitshazo (izitho zangasese)zezinsikazi aziphumi okungajwayelekile futhiayivuvukele?

AMADUNA• Kungabe isivikeli kanye nomphambili akunako

okuphumayo okungajwayelekile, ukuvuvukanoma izilonda?

• Emaduneni angatheniwe, kungabe akhonawomabili amasende?

• Kungabe amasende angubukhulu obufanayo?• Kungabe amasende azwakala eqinile futhi

epholile?• Kungabe amasende awavuvukele noma

awanazilonda?

IZINYAWO• Kungabe izinyawo kanye nezinselo zisesimweni

esihle?• Kungabe izinyawo nezinselo azinazinkomba

zokungenwa yisifo noma akukho okuphumayokuzo?

• Kungabe amajoyinti aqinile uma uwathintaakukho zinkomba zokuvuvuka?

• Kungabe izinselo zimise okwezinyawo futhiazizinkulu ngokwedlulele?

• Kungabe yonke imilenze nezinyawo zesilwaneazinalutho, okungukuthi akukho zinkombazokulimala noma amathambo aphukile?



15

Izimbuzi eziphilile.(Isithombe: Adriano Vatta.)

UMA UTHE YEBO KUYO YONKE LEMI BUZO, IMBUZI

YAKHO IYAPHILA.


KUFANELE NGENZENJANI UMAIMBUZI YAMI IGULA?

• Uma imbuzi yakho igula, xhumana nale ncwadi.Lizokusiza ukuhlonza izifo ezibalulekile kanyenezimo ezimbi.

• Uma inkinga ingashiwongo kule ncwadi nomauma ungenasiqiniseko sokuthi uqhubekekanjani, thola iseluleko kuchwepheshe wendawowempilo yezilwane, udokotela wezilwanekahulumeni noma udokotela wezilwane ozimele.

• Uma isilwane sisidala noma uma kunenkingaengeke ixazululeke kalula, sibulale.

• Ungahlabi isilwane esigulayo wenzele inyama.• Ungasidayisi noma uthenge isilwane esigulayo.• Ungathengi silwane esiqhamuka emhlambini

wezilwane ezigulayo.

KUFANELE NGENZENJANI UMAIMBUZI YAMI IFILE?

• Ukuthola ukuthi yini ebulale isilwane,ukuxilongwa kwesidumbu kufanele kwenziweuma kungenzeka.

• Inyama yesilwane esifile akufanele idliwe nomaidliswe ezinye izilwane njengezinja nomaamakati.

• Ukulahla isidumbu, yimba umgodi odephilebese uyasigqiba isidumbu ukuze izinja nezilwanezasendle zingeke zisigubhe.



16

Imbuzi egulayo.(Isithombe: Martyn Edelsten.)

UMA UTHE CHA KUNOMA YIMIPHI KULEMI BUZO,

IMBUZI YAKHO KUNGENZEKAUKUTHI IYAGULA.


• Kunezizathu ezimbili ezibalulekile okumeleamagilavu afakelwe zona uma kwelashweimbuzi egulayo okanye elimele.• Amagilavu epulasitiki (noma irabha elula)

akuvikela oketshezini lomzimba wezilwaneezigulayo nolungakulimaza.

• Sebenzisa amagilavu epulasitiki okanyeawerabha elula uma ugeza isilonda ukuzeungadluliseli amagciwane aphuma esilondeniahlale ezandleni zakho.

• Izikhwama zamapulasitiki okuthengazingasetshenziswa esikhundlenisamagilavu.

• Ubohlale njalo ugqoke amagilavu nomaizikhwama zepulasitiki uma:• uphatha isidumbu sesilwane esifile,• uhlola okuphumayo esilwaneni esigulayo,• welapha ithumba, noma • ugeza isilonda.

• Emva kokusebenzisa amagilavu:• gqiba noma ushise amagilavu kanye

nezikhwama zepulasitiki esezisebenzile,• noma, uma amagilavu engaphinde

asetshenziswe, wahlanze ukubulalaamagciwane bese uyawomisa,

• gcina amagilavu angaphinde asetshenzisweebhokisini lezinto zokusebenza (bona ikhasi10), futhi

• ugeze izandla zakho ngensipho namanziahlanzekile.



17

KKKK UUUU NNNN GGGG AAAA NNNN IIII FFFF UUUU TTTT HHHH IIII KKKK UUUU NNNN IIII NNNN IIII LLLL AAAA PPPP HHHH OOOO KKKK UUUU DDDD IIII NNNN GGGG EEEE KKKK EEEE

UUUU KKKK UUUU BBBB AAAA NNNN GGGG IIII GGGG QQQQ OOOO KKKK EEEE AAAA MMMM AAAA GGGG IIII LLLL AAAA VVVV UUUU ????

Geza futhi ubulale amagciwane emagilaviniahlanzekayo ngemuva kokuwasebenzisa.

(Isithombe: Michael Stenson.)

Sebenzisa amagilavu uma uqokelelaamasampuli emisimbane.

(Isithombe: Rosina Krecek.)


• Kubalulekile ukuhlola ukushisa kwembuziocabanga ukuthi iyagula ngoba ukushisakungashintsha uma imbuzi igula.

• Sebenzisa umshini wokuhlola ukushisakwembuzi ofakwa endunu.

• Ungaphindi usebenzise umshini wokuhlolaukushisa kubantu emva kokuwusebenzisaesilwaneni.

• Qinisekisa ukuthi umshini wokuhlolaukushisa uhlanzekile.

• Xukuzela uketshezi olusemshinini wokuhlolaukushisa endingilizeni.

• Bamba imbuzi uyimise ngamanqina.• Wushutheke umshini wokuhlola ukushisa,

kuqale indingiliza phambili, uwuhlohleendunu yembuzi ibanga elingangeminweemibili ehlangene.

• Wugcine umshini wokuhlola ukushisakuleyondawo isikhathi esiyimizuzu emibili.

• Khipha umshini wokuhlola ukushisa beseufunda ukushisa ngokushesha.

• Ukushisa okwejwayelekile kwembuzi ephilakahle kumele kube ngu-39°C.

• Imbuzi enokushisa okungu-39.5°C nomangaphezulu iyagula iphethwe yimfiva.

• Emva kokuwusebenzisa, wugeze umshiniwokuhlola ukushisa emanzini ahlanzekileanensipho.

• Wugcine umshini wokuhlola ukushisaendaweni ephephile, kude nezingane.

• Uma lomshini uphuka, qoqela ndawonyengokucophelela lonke uketsheziukukhukhuzele ephepheni bese ulugoqangesikhwama sepulasitiki bese ulugqibangokudephile. Geza izandla zakhongokukhulu ukucophelela.


18


Umshini wokuhlola ukushisa.

NNNN GGGG IIII KKKK UUUU HHHH LLLL OOOO LLLL AAAA KKKK AAAA NNNN JJJJ AAAA NNNN IIII

UUUU KKKK UUUU SSSS HHHH IIII SSSS AAAA KKKK WWWW EEEE MMMM BBBB UUUU ZZZZ IIII ????


• Ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu kwenziwa esilwaneniesifile ukuthola imbangela yokufa kwaso.

• Ingcaciso ephelele yokuthi kuzokwenziwakanjani ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu sesilwaneayinakushiwo kule ncwadi.

• Nokho-ke ezindaweni lapho kunzima khonaukuthola udokotela wezilwane, isidumbukanye nezicubu zesilwane esifile kumelekuhlolwe. Lokhu kuyosiza ekunqumeniukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okumele zithathweukugwema okunye ukufa.

• Uma ukwazi ukuxhumana nodokotelawezilwane, lowo dokotela angakucebisangokuthi yini engaba yimbangela yokufa futhiudokotela angaphakamisa lokho okungenziwaukuze kugwenywe ukusabalala kwesifo nomaukuqhubekela phambili kwenkinga.

• Izilwane ezifa masinyane noma ezikhombisaizimpawu zokuqumba emva kokufa futhiezopha igazi noma uketshezi olunegazioluphuma emakhaleni, emlonyeni kanyenasendunu akufanele zihlolwe. Lezozilwane kungenzeka ukuthi zibulawewumbendeni, ongabangela ukugula kanyenokufa kubantu. Udokotela wezilwanekahulumeni kumele abikelwe nganomayikuphi ukufa okubangelwa wumbendeni.

• Ubohlale njalo uqaphele uma uhlinza isilwaneesifile ngoba kungenzeka ukuba sibulaweyisifo esingatheleleka kubantu, njengemfivaiRift Valley. Gwema ukuchaphazelwawuketshezi lomzimba (igazi, umchamo,ezangaphakathi, njll.) ukuba kungakutheliebusweni noma emehlweni futhi ubovikelaizimpahla zakho ngokuzemboza ngephinifalokusebenza ongazenzela lona ngezikhwamaezinkulu zepulasitiki noma ishidi. Umaunamabhuzu erabha kanye namagilavu erabhakuhle ngoba anikezela ngokuvikeleka okuthexaxa. Uma ungenawo amagilavu, qinisekaukuthi izandla zakho uzigeza ngesibulalimagciwane ngaphambi kokuzithintaebusweni, ubheme noma udle.

• Uma kwenzeka uketshezi lomzimba lukuthelaemehlweni okanye ebusweni, geza amehlongokushesha ngamanzi bese ugeza ubusongamanzi anensipho. Uma uzizwa ugula, yiya

emtholampilo oseduze nawe.• Qaphela: Kuyinto enhle ukuhlola isidumbu

sesilwane kuphela uma sisanda kufa. Emvakokuba sesifile uguquko lwenzekangokushesha okukhulu kanti izicubu ziyezibukeke futhi zizwakale zehlukile kanti futhikuye kube nzima ukunquma ukuthibekunezinto ezingavamile ngaphambi kokufa.Izinkomba zokuthi isidumbu sesiyabolazibandakanya ukunuka kabi, izicubuezibukeka ziluhlazana kuya ebumnyamanenifuthi zithambe kakhulu, futhi kubanamabhamuza omoya ezicubini.

• Uzodinga ummese omkhulu obukhali,ibhakede lamanzi lokugeza izinto osebenzangazo nebhakede lesibili lamanzi ogezelakulo izandla, insipho kanye nesibulalimagciwane, ipeni noma impensela kanyenephepha lokubhala amanothi. Umaunommese wasephaketheni, isaha nomaisikelo esikhulu sokusika izimbambo kanyenesikele nesinemphetho eyindilinga ukuvulaamathumbu, uyakuthola kungusizo.

• Lapho ukwazi khona ukuxhumananodokotela wezilwane, lokhu okulandelayokuzokusiza ukuthola ukuthi yingani isilwanesifile.

• Bhala phansi lokho okubonile ngesikhathiwenza ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu bese ukuxoxanodokotela wezilwane. Yiba nomunyeumuntu ozokuba nepeni nephepha nozobhalalokhu omtshela khona, ngoba izandla zakhozizoba manzi futhi zingcole. Uma kungekhomuntu okhona, khumbula lokho okubonilebese ukubhala phansi ngokushesha umausuqedile ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu.

• Yenza amanothi ngalokhu okulandelayongaphambi kokuqala:• Usuku isilwane esife ngalo.• Noma yiziphi izimpawu isilwane

esazikhombisa ngaphambi kokuba sife.• Inombolo noma igama lesi lwane.• Iminyaka, ubulili, uhlobo kanye nombala

wesilwane.• Isimo sesilwane.• Inombolo yezinye izilwane ezikhombisa

izimpawu ezifanayo.


19


UUUU KKKK UUUU HHHH LLLL OOOO LLLL AAAA IIII SSSS IIII DDDD UUUU MMMM BBBB UUUU


• Inkathi yesikhathi lapho lezi zinkinga ziyezenzeka khona.

• Indlela isilwane ebesilele ngayo.• Thathela udokotela wezilwane amasampula

azowayisa elabhorethri. Angakunika ibhodlelaelifanele ukuba noketshezi le-formalin,negcina amasampula esesimweni esikahle.Qaphela: i-formalin ingubuthi ngakho kegcina leli bhodlela endaweni ephephilelapho izingane namanye amalungaomndeni wakho enganakufinyelela khona.Ukuthatha amasempula, sika isiqephuesincane esiyingxenye yozipho lwesithuphasakho esicutshini ngasinye (iphaphu,esihlokweni senhliziyo, ubende, isibindi, inso,ubuchopho kanye nanoma yiyiphi indawoesiswini noma emathunjini abonakalaengavamile). Phinda futhi uthathe isiqephusanoma yisiphi isigaxa noma ukuvuvukala.Faka leso siqephu kwi-formalin bese unikaudokotela wakho wezilwane.

• Hlola isidumbu ngokucophelela futhiuqaphele lokhu:• Isimo: kungabe sisesimweni esikahle noma

sizace kakhulu?• Isikhumba: ngungabe kukhona ukulahleka

koboya esikhunjeni? Kungabe kukhonauboya obugqishelene?

• Kungabe kukhona izilonda, amathumba,noma ukuvuvukala?

• Kungabe zikhona izilwane ezincela igazi?Ikakhulukazi hlolisisa ingaphakathilamadlebe, phakathi kwezinzwane, kanyenezinxenye lapho imilenze ihlanganakhona nomzimba.

• Kungabe untwentwesi (lwamehlo,lomlomo, lwendunu, lomtshazo nomalwejwabu) lingumbala ovamile ngokubaphinki okugqamile? Kungabe uyazibonaizilonda okanye amashashazi?

• Okuphuma emehlweni, ekhaleni,emlonyeni, empipini noma emtshazweni?

• Kungabe kukhona ukungcola ngemuvaokubangelwe wuhudo?

• Beka isilwane phansi ngohlangothilwesokudla (ukuthola imbangela yokufangoba kungcono ukusebenzela phansi,kunokulengisa isilwane ngemilenzeyangemuva ukuze ubone ukuthi izicubuzisendaweni yazo eyejwayelekile). Umaungakwazi ukusebenzisa isikhumba, hlinza

isilwane kuqala.• Nquma inqima langaphambili lesobunxele

kanye nelangemuva lesobunxele laphazilengiswe khona bese uwagoba phezukomgogodla ukuze agoqekele kude nesisu.

• Vula isisu bese ubheka lokhu okulandelayo:• Uketshezi oluningi; ukopha noma izigaxa

zegazi; ubomvu. Uma kunoketshezioluningi, lunuke ukuthola ukuthi ngabengumchamo yini. Izilwane zamadunakungenzeka zibe nokuvimbelekaukuchama, ekugcineni kube nomchamoesiswini.

• Zonke izicubu ezingekho endaweni yazoeyejwayelekile.

• Izigaxa ezibonakalayo, izinqumbi nomaamathumba.

• Ukubonakala kwamafutha (ukungabibikhokwamafutha noma amafutha angamanzikusho ukuthi isilwane besilamba).

• Vula isifuba bese uhlola lokhu okulandelayo:• Ukuhlangana phakathi kodonga lwesifuba

kanye namaphaphu noma inhliziyo.• Uketshezi oluningi, ukopha noma izigaxa

zegazi nobomvu.• Izigaxa ezibonakalayo, izinqumbi okanye

amathumba.• Vula isikhwama esizungeze inhliziyo

ukubona ukuthi sinalo yini uketsheziokanye igazi.

• Susa ulimi, umphimbo, uqhoqhoqho,inhliziyo kanye namaphaphu bese uyakuhlola:• Amaphaphu: Wezwe (kufanele ezwakale

esasiponji), bese usika ezindawenieziningana. Funa amanzi emaphashini(amanzi kanye negwebu kuyabonakala umauwasika); inyumoniya (amaphaphu abanombala obomvu kuyela kophuzi kuyakumpunga, kube namachashazi emibalaeyahlukene, ezwakala eqinile kuyaekuqineni kakhulu); ubomvu (kungenzekabuvele uma usika); amathumba; izilwaneezincela igazi.

• Inhliziyo: Inhliziyo kumele ingabinamachashazi noma imisho emhlophe.

• Umphimbo: Vula umphimbo, kufaneleungabi nalutho kodwa ungaba nakhoukudla.

• Uqhoqhoqho: Vula uqhoqhoqho beseubheka ukopha (kubonakala ezilwaneniezibulawe ngukuqunjelwa) kanye negwebu



20


(amanzi emaphashini).• Ulimi: Bheka izilonda olimini.

• Hlola izicubu esiswini kanye nasesifubeni:• Ubende: Funa ukuvuvukala (ukwanda

kobukhulu, amachophelo azindingiliza),uguquko ukusuka embaleni ovamilefuthi/noma esimweni.

• Isibindi: Funa ukuvuvukala, uguqukokusukela ombaleni obomvu ngokunsunduovamile (ngokwesibonelo, umbala obomvungokugqungqile noma ophuzi). Sikaezindaweni eziningana zesibindiezahlukene bese ucindezela ingxenyeencane yesibindi ngaphakathi kwesithuphanomunwe wenkomba ukuzwa ukuthisiqinile, sizwakala ngokwejwayelekileokanye sizwakala sithambile. Funa izilwaneezincela igazi (izikelemu).

• Isinye: Uma sigcwele kakhulu, kushoukuthi isilwane besingadli. Sivule ubhekeamatshe, uguquko lombala noma ububanzibenyongo, noma ukopha.

• Izinso: Kumele zibe ngubukhulu kanyenomumo ofanayo, zibukeke zibushelelezifuthi zizwakale ziqinile. Zisike uhhafu zibebubembe. Kumele zingabi nomchamo,ubomvu, untwentwesi olumhloshanaokanye amahlule egazi.

• Isinye: Vula ukubheka umbala womchamokanye nokuthi likhona yini igazi.

• Izisu: Hlola ingaphandle ukuthi liyophayini, izilonda noma amathumba. Vulaumswane futhi umthamo kanye nobudalabokudla okungaphakathi (kufanele kubekusha), ozozo noma izilondaontwentweswini, izinto ezingavamilenjengezikhwama zamapulasitiki, izincezuzocingo, indwangu, njll. nezilwane ezincelaigazi kwezinye. Vula ibele lobisi beseuhlola ozozo kanye nezilwane ezincelaigazi.

• Amathumbu: Bheka ngaphandle ukuthizikhona yini izilonda. Vula izingxenyezamathumbu. Umbala ngaphakathikufanele uphaphatheke. Qopha phansiuma ingaphakathi libomvu, limbozwenguntwentwesi olumpunga kuyelaembaleni ophuzi, linezindawo eziphakemeezinamachashaza amhlophe, nomalikhombisa izimpawu zokopha. Bhekalokho okungaphakathi (kufanele kubengukudla okugayiwe okwejwayelekile) futhiubheke ukuthi azikho yini izikelemu. Vulaingxenye yokugcina yamathumbuengaphambi kwendunu (umhlwehlwe)okumele ibe nemisimbane eyejwayelekile.

• Uma isilwane siyinsikazi, hlola ukuthibesingamithi yini.

• Hlahlela ikhanda phakathi nendawo ukususaubuchopho bese uhlola ubomvu,izikhwanyana ezigcwele amanzi (isikhwamasobomvu) noma amathumba.

• Hlola amazinyo nokudleka kwawo: ngezinyeizikhathi izilwane ezindala kakhulu azikwaziukudla ngoba amazinyo awasakwaziukusebenza.

• Bheka imisipha emgogodleni, ingaphazululemilenze, intamo, phakathi kwezimbambokanye nasecaleni lesisu ukubona ukuthiakukho yini ukopha noma ukushayeka,amathumba okanye izindawo ezinemibalaeyehlukile kweyejwayelekile, njengamabalaamhlophe noma imigqa.

• Izinsalela zesidumbu kufanele zigqitshwengokudephile, kanye nenhlabathiebingaphansi kwesidumbu nebizungelezilengesikhathi sihlinziwe.

• Geza izandla, izingalo, amabhuzu/izinyawo,ummese kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza,iphinifa ngensipho namanzi, ufake nesibulalimagciwane emanzini.



21


Kunemithi eminingi eyahlukahlukene ekhonaemakethe. Umuthi ngamunye uza nemiyalelo yawokanti kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ilandelwe. Umainqubo eyiyo ingalandelwa, umuthi kungenzekaungasebenzi, imbuzi yakho angeke ibe ngconokanti uyobe usuchithe nemali yakho.

Ukuthi umuthi uwusebenzisa kanjanikuyehlukahluka kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo,kubalulekile ukuthi isilwane sithole isilinganisosomuthi esiyiso. Isilinganiso singahlelwangokubhekela ubukhulu nesisindo sembuzi.

Eminye imithi idinga ukunikezelwa ngaphezukwesikhathi esisodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi

ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle, kanti njalo eminyekudinga ukuba isetshenziswe kanye nje kuphela.

Imithi eyehlukene kudingeka futhi ukubainikezelwe imbuzi ngezindlela ezehlukene,ngokwesibonelo, zinganikezelwa ngomlomongokuba ziphuziswe, ngokujoviwa ngaphansikwesikhumba noma emisipheni, ngokufakwaendaweni encane, ngokuwuthela phezukwesikhumba noma ngokudipha.

Lesi sigaba sikhuluma mayelana nalezo zinto futhi,njengoba izimbuzi kungenzeka zizilimaze, indlelaephephile yokwelapha izilonda iphinde ichazwenayo.


22


IIII SSSS IIII GGGG AAAA BBBB AAAA 3333 -- UUUU KKKK UUUU SSSS EEEE BBBB EEEE NNNN ZZZZ IIII SSSS AAAA

IIII MMMM IIII TTTT HHHH IIII NNNN GGGG OOOO KKKK UUUU YYYY IIII KKKK HHHH OOOO


• Imithi ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha izilwaneuma zigula noma zilimele.

• Imithi ingaphinde isetshenziswe futhiukuvimbela ukuba izilwane zigule.


UKUSEBENZISA IMITHI NGOKUYIKHO

NNNNGGGGIIIINNNNGGGGAAAAYYYYIIIISSSSEEEEBBBBEEEENNNNZZZZIIIISSSSAAAA KKKKAAAANNNNJJJJAAAANNNNIIII NNNNGGGGOOOOKKKKUUUUYYYYIIIIKKKKHHHHOOOO IIIIMMMMIIIITTTTHHHHIIII????

• Kudingeka ukuba wazi ukuthiyisiphi isifo oselaphayo nomaosivimbelayo.

• Qinisekisa ukuthi usebenzisa umuthioyiwo.

• Ubohlale njalo uyifundaimiyalelo efika nomuthi.

• Noma ubuze umnikazi sitolo,uchwepheshe ngempiloyezilwane, umsebenziongumcobeleli, umlimi

onolwaziolunzulu nomaudokotelawezilwaneukuba

akufundele beseekuchazela ukuthi

isho ukuthini.

• Qinisekisa ukuthi umuthi ungasetshenziswaezimbuzini.

• Ngokwesibonelo, umuthiwezinkukhu ungekewasetshenziswa ezimbuzini.

• Hlola usuku lokuphelelwayisikhathi.

• Uma umuthi sewudlulelweyisikhathi, angeke usebenze

ngokuyikho.

• Imithi idinga ukugcinwaipholile futhi isethunzini.

• Qinisekisa ukuthi umuthiubugcinwe upholile futhiusethunzini esitolo ngaphambikokuba uwuthenge.

• Qinisekisa ukuthi ugcina umuthiusendaweni epholile, kudenelanga.

• Kubalulekile ukunikezela ngesilinganisoesiyiso.

• Omncane kakhulu kungenzeka ungasebenzikanti omningi kakhulu kungenzeka ubenobungozi.

Izimbuzi ezinkudlwana zithatha izilinganiso ezinkudlwana.

23

Umuthi

wezinkukhu

Umuthi

wezimbuzi

• Umausukulunikezelwekanje: EXP. DATE 03 2007U-03 usho inyanga U-2007 usho unyaka

• Ungabe usawusebenzisalowo muthi ngemuva kukaMashi 2007.

Mashi 2007




24Emlonyeni. (Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

Ngokusithela ngawo.(Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

Ngokujova. (Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

• Qinisekisa ukuthi unikezela umuthingendlela eyiyo.

• Imiyalelo izokutshela ukuthi kufaneleuwunikezele kanjani umuthi:

IZINDLELA EZAHLUKAHLUKEZOKUNIKEZELA UMUTHI...

• Nikezela ngomuthi ngezikhathi lezoezishiwo yimiyalelo, ngale kwalokhoangeke usebenze ngokuyikho.

• Ngokwesibonelo, eminye imijovo idingaukunikezelwa izinsuku ezintathu. Umaungawunikezeli umuthi izinsuku ezintathu,uzobe usaphaze imali yakho futhi isilwaneangeke sibe ngcono.

• Izinalitiezilahlwayo kanyenezimpontshoezisetshenziselwaukujova kufanele kubengezintsha futhi zibesemaphaketheni ezifikenawo ukuze kubengezihlanzekile futhinamagciwane abulawe.

• Sebenzisa isipontsho nenalitiokulahlwayo kanye kuphela,bese uyakulahla.

• Ungasebenzisi inalitieyodwa ezilwaneniezahlukene.

• Qokelela izinalitiezingcolile ekaninilesiphuzoelingenalutho. Umaseligcwele, celauchwepheshe wempiloyezilwane ukubaalithathe ayozilahlengokuyikho.

• Lahlela izipontshoesezisebenzile endlini encane engumgodi.

Usuku Usuku Usuku1 2 3

Disemba 2006


• Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi,xhumana nochwepheshewempilo yezilwanewangakini, umsebenziongumcobeleli, umlimionolwazi olunzulu,udokotela wezilwane nomaabanye abantu abafanelekile.



25

• Ukuze umuthiusebenzengokufanele,kufaneleusabalalenomzimbawonkewembuzi kanyenoketshezi lomzimba,kuhlanganisa nobisi.

• Lokhu kusho ukuthikunomuthi ezingxenyeni zomzimba kanyenasoketshezini lomzimba, kuhlanganisa nobisi.

• Ukusebenzisa umuthiwesilwane kungamenzaumuntu ukuba agule.

• Funda imiyalelo ukuze waziukuthi kumele ulinde izinsukuezingaki emva kokunikezelangomuthi ngaphambi kokuthiungasihlaba isilwane wenzeleinyama noma ungakwaziukuphuza ubisi oluvela kulesosilwane.

• Isikhathi sokulinda sibizwangokuthi yisikhathisokusepheleliswa komuthi,futhi sinikezelwanjengezinsuku nomaamasonto.

• Gcina yonke imithi, izipontsho kanyenezinaliti kude nezingane, ukuvimbelaukuba izingane zizifake ubuthinoma zizilimaze.

Disemba 2006


• Izilonda kudingeka ukuba zihlanzwe futhizigcinwe zihlanzekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubazibhibhe.

• Uma isilonda sisikhulu kakhulu noma sidephile,kungubuhlakani ukubonana nochwepheshewempilo yezilwane, udokotela wezilwanekahulumeni noma udokotela wezilwane ozimele.

• Qokelela ndawonye izinto ozozidingaukwelapha isilonda.

• Sebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile abilisiwe aseeyekwa ukuba aphole.

• Isibulali magciwane esilungele ukusetshenziswaezimbuzini kufanele sifakwe emanzini.

• Gqoka amagilavu epulasitiki noma amagilavuerabha alula noma usebenzise izikhwamazepulasitiki ezihlanzekile ezandleni zakho.

• Bophela isilwane.• Sebenzisa ithawula lephepha elihlanzekile, uma

unalo.• Hlanza isilonda kusukela maphakathi naso kuya

ongqengqemeni ukuvimbela ukuba ukungcolakwesuleleke esilondeni.

• Uma isilonda sesihlanzekile, sebenzisa isifuthosesilonda esinesibulali zinambuzaneikakhulukazi izimpukane.

• Ezinye izilonda zidinga ukwelashwa ngama-antibhayothikhi, ikakhulukazi uma zinkulu,zidephile noma sezivele zibhibhile.

• Gcina isilonda somile futhi sihlanzekile.• Siphumuze isilwane.• Uma amagilavu angaphinde asetshenziswe futhi,

wahlanze kahle ngamanzi afudumele anensipho,uwayakaze, uwafake izibulali magciwane,uweneke ukuba ome bese uwakhwezangokunakekela.

• Shisa izikhwama zokuphatha zepulasitiki,amagilavu alahlwayo kanye nanoma yiliphiiphepha elisetshenzisiwe.

Qaphela: Ezinye izilonda ezivulekile azipholingisho uzigeza futhi uzelapha; lezi kungenzekaukuthi zibangelwa yisifo somdlavuza.

• Umdlavuza wenzeka kakhulu esilwaneniesesisidadlana (kunasesilwaneni esisesincane)esikhumbeni esikhanyayo esingenabo uboyaesihlale siselangeni.

• Ngudokotela wezilwane kuphela ongelaphaumdlavuza futhi awususe ngokusihlinzaisilwane.

• Nokho kungenzeka nakho loku kungasizi umaisilonda sesisikhulu kakhulu.

• Kungaba ngcono ukuzibulala lezo zilwaneezinomdlavuza onjalo.



26

Isigaxaesingaphansi

komsila walesisilwane cishesibangelwe

ngumdlavuza.(Isithombe:Hannes de

Villiers.)

NNNN GGGG IIII NNNN GGGG AAAA SSSS EEEE LLLL AAAA PPPP HHHH AAAA KKKK AAAA NNNN JJJJ AAAA NNNN IIII IIII SSSS IIII LLLL OOOO NNNN DDDD AAAA ????


• Ukuphuzisa imbuzi yindlela esetshenziswaukunika umuthi ngomlomo, futhi isetshenziswangokwejwayelekile ukwelapha izilwaneezinezikelemu.

• Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa isipontshongaphandle kwenaliti.

• Yenza isilinganiso somuthi esiyiso sesilwane.• Bophela imbuzi.• Vula umlomo wembuzi.

• Beka isipontsho eceleni lomlomo wembuzi,phezu kwesiqu solimi.

• Isipontsho kufanele siqondiswe ngasecalenilesobunxele lomlomo wembuzi.

• Phakamisa kancane ikhanda lesilwane, hhayikakhulu ngoba lokho kungavimbela imbuziukuba igwinye.

• Ungawubambi uwuvale umlomo ngesikhathiuyiphuzisa.

• Potshoza kancane kancane ukuze lokhuokusesipontshweni kungene emlonyeni.

• Qinisekisa ukuthi imbuzi iyawugwinya umuthifuthi awuyixhili.

• Uma imbuzi igxumela phambili, hambisananayo ukuze uvimbele ukuthi ilimale olwangenilomlomo.



27

NNNN GGGG IIII YYYY IIII PPPP HHHH UUUU ZZZZ IIII SSSS AAAA KKKK AAAA NNNN JJJJ AAAA NNNN IIII IIII MMMM BBBB UUUU ZZZZ IIII ????

Ukuphuzisa imbuzi usebenzisa isipontsho. (Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)


• Imikhaza ingaba ngumsuka wezinkinga ezifananezilonda kanye namathumba, kuhlanganisananamathumba onyawo.

• Imikhaza ingaphinde futhi yedlulise izifo ezifananesifo senhliziyo.

• Kunezindlela ezehlukene zokubulala imikhazaezilwaneni njengokuzidipha, ukusebenzisaisifutho, ukusebenzisa isifutho namafuthaemikhaza kanye nokusebenzisa imithi ethelwangayo imbuzi.

• Kubalimi abancane, indlela yokuthela isilwanengomuthi cishe yiyona ndlela engcono kakhulufuthi okulula ukuyisebenzisa.

• Sebenzisa ikhambi lokuthela umuthiemakhwapheni, ezindaweni zangasese kanyenaphakathi nezinselo zezinyawo.

• Izikhawu zokwelashwa kwezimbuzizelashelwa imikhaza ziyoya ngezinto ezifananenkathi yonyaka kanye nezibalo zemikhazaezilwaneni.

• Lapho izilonda ezibangelwe yimikhaza nomaamathumba ezinyawo, kuyinkinga, kungenzekakudingeke ukuba welaphe izimbuzi njalo nje,isibonelo, kanye ngesonto, kuze kube inkingaisiyalawuleka. Emva kwalokho, izikhawuphakathi kokwelashwa zingabe sezandiswa.



28

Ukusebenzisa ikhambi lokuthela isilwane ngomuthi ukwelapha imikhaza.(Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

NNNN GGGG IIII YYYY EEEE LLLL AAAA PPPP HHHH AAAA KKKK AAAA NNNN JJJJ AAAA NNNN IIII IIII MMMM IIII KKKK HHHH AAAA ZZZZ AAAA ????


• Eminye imithi kudingeka ukuba ijovelweembuzini kunokuba inikezelwe ngomlomo.

• Ukusebenzisa isipontsho nenaliti ukujovelaumuthi embuzini.

UKUJOVA NGAPHANSIKWESIKHUMBA

• Indawo ekulungele ukujova ngaphansikwesikhumba kusohlangothini lwentamo.

• Indawo yokuyijova ngubuthathu obuphakemebentamo, hhayi endaweni engaphansi entanyenilapho kutholakala khona umthambo omkhulu.

• Qinisekisa ngokuthi isipontsho nenalitiakunawo amagciwane.

• Yenza isilinganiso esiyiso sokwelapha isilwane.• Yibophele imbuzi.• Phakamisa isikhumba phakathi komunwe

inkomba kanye nesithupha, bese ududulelainaliti ngaphansi kwesikhumba.

• Qinisekisa ukuthi awuyiduduli kakhulu inalitiuze ujove ngephutha izingqimba ezimbilizesikhumba.

• Sidonse isiduduli futhi uqinisekise ukuthi alikhoigazi elingene esipontshweni. Uma kunegazi,yisuse inaliti uyibeke kwenye indawo eyehlukile.

• Uma kungenalo igazi esipontshweni, dudulangesinoko isiduduli singene kwisipontsho.

• Yidonse inaliti uyikhiphe ngemuva kokubasewuyijovile.

• Yihlikihle indawana leyo imizuzwana.• Yilahle ngokuyikho inaliti nesipontsho.

UKUJOVA EMSIPHENI• Indawo ekahle ekujoveni emsipheni yingemuva

lesilwane.• Qinisekisa ukuthi isipontsho nenaliti

akungcolile.• Yenza isilinganiso esiyiso sokwelapha isilwane.• Yehlukanisa inaliti nesipontsho.• Yibophelele imbuzi.• Ngeminwe yakho, yizwa umgxusho



29

NNNN GGGG IIII NNNN GGGG AAAA YYYY IIII JJJJ OOOO VVVV AAAA KKKK AAAA NNNN JJJJ AAAA NNNN IIII IIII MMMM BBBB UUUU ZZZZ IIII YYYY AAAA MMMM IIII ????

Umuthi ukhishwa ebhodleleni.(Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

Ukujova ngaphansi kwesikhumba.(Isithombe: Ellen van Wijk.)

Isipontsho Isiduduli

Inaliti

Isigubhu

Umdwebo wesipontsho nenaliti.


wemisipha engemuveni lesilwane obude bawoulingana nocikicane ngemuva kwethambolenqulu.

• Ubambe nje inaliti, ngaphandle kwesipontsho,phakathi kwesithupha nenkomba, shuthekainaliti ngokushesha kulomsipha.

• Qinisekisa ukuthi alikho igazi esigujini senaliti.• Uma kunegazi, yikhiphe inaliti uphinde uzame

futhi.

• Uma lingekho igazi, faka isipontsho enalitinibese ududula isiduduli ukujovela umuthiemsipheni.

• Khipha inaliti.• Hlikihla indawana leyo imizuzwana embalwa.• Yilahle ngokuyikho inaliti nesipontsho.



30

Isinyathelo 2: Uma lingekho igazi enalitini,faka isipontsho enalitini.

(Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)Isinyathelo 1: Shutheka inaliti ngaphandle

kwesipontsho.

Ithambo lenqulu


Le ngxenye yencwadi ichaza izifo nezimoongavamisa ukuzibona ezimbuzini zakho. Ikhasingalinye lichaza isifo noma isimo esehlukile futhizimiselwe ngendlela efanayo, echaza izifo kanyenezimo ngalendlela:• Ukuthi isifo noma isimo esithile siyini.• Yini imbangela yaleso sifo noma isimo.• Yiziphi izinkomba ozibonayo.• Uyelapha noma uyipholisa kanjani inkinga.• Uyivimbela kanjani inkinga ukuba ingaphindi

yenzeke futhi.• Olunye ulwazi olungusizo.

Izifo nezimo kwethulwa ngokohlelo oluthile futhisingathanda ukuchaza ukuthi yingani. Izifo kanyenezimo okubona ezimbuzini akubangelwa njeyizinhlobonhlobo zezici noma amagciwaneesiwabiza ngama-viruses, bacteria, protozoa nomaizikelemu kodwa futhi kungabangelwanangukungondleki.

Cishe imbangela enkulu kunazo zonke zokuphunzaezimbuzini ngukungondleki kwamaduna. Izinkingaezivelela ngezilonda ngamathumba, amathumbaezinyawo kanye nesifo samazolo. Ngesinyeisikhathi isifo esiphethe imbuzi kungenzekasivulele ithuba isifo sesibili. Lokhu kuvamileesifweni samazolo kanye nesifo sokuvuvukakwebele. Amazinyane kungenzeka asabalalise isifo

samazolo sisukela emilonyeni yawo kuya emibeleniyezinsikazi. Izinsikazi ezinezihlisa zesifo samazolozivamise ukuba nesifo sokuvuvuka kwebele.Ngezinye izikhathi igciwane elifanayo lingabangelaizifo ezingaphezulu kwesisodwa, isiboneloyinyumoniya kanye nokuvuvuka kwebelekungabangelwa yiMannheimia.

Ezinye izifo zivimbeka kahle ngomgomo. Lokhukusobala ezifweni ezifana nesifo sezinso nesifosokuqina kwemisipha untamongqi. Izimbuziezinontamongqi, ulimi oluluhlaza kanyenomqhaqhazelo zonke zingakhombisa izimpawuzokwethuka, zigobe imizimba ngakho-kekubalulekile ukwehlukanisa izifo. Ekugcineni, isifosohudo kanye nezifo ezibangelwa yizikelemuokungukuthi izikelemu, izilo kanye nezilo zesibindikuhlanganiswa ndawonye njengoba zozineziyizilwanyana eziphila emathunjini futhizingabangela uhudo. Isigaba siphothulwangesheduli ephakanyiswayo yokugoma izimbuzi.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi imbuzi yakho iyagula kodwaawukwazi ukuyibona inkinga kule ncwadi, imbuziyakho kungenzeka ukuba iphethwe ngokunyeokungajwayelekile. Kulokho-ke buza uchwepheshewempilo yezilwane noma udokotela wezilwanekahulumeni noma ozimele ukuthola iseluleko.

IZIFO EZEJWAYELEKILE NEZIMO ZEMPILO


31

IIII SSSS IIII GGGG AAAA BBBB AAAA 4444 -- IIII ZZZZ IIII FFFF OOOO EEEE ZZZZ EEEE JJJJ WWWW AAAA YYYY EEEE LLLL EEEE KKKK IIII LLLL EEEE

NNNN EEEE ZZZZ IIII MMMM OOOO ZZZZ EEEE MMMM PPPP IIII LLLL OOOO


KUYINI UKUPHUNZA?• Ukuphunza yindlela yemvelo noma eyenziwe

yokuzalwa kombungu ngaphambi kokubaukwazi ukuziphilela ngaphandle kwesibeletho.

YINI EBANGELA UKUPHUNZA?• Ingcindezi ebangelwa yindlala cishe yiyona

mbangela enkulu yokuphunza kwezimbuziezifuywe edlelweni lomphakathi.

• Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokugula kanyenezilokazana eziphila embuzini njengeChlamydiakane neCoxiella, nazo zingakubangelaukuphunza ezimbuzini.

• Isilokazana i-Chlamydia sibangela inkingayokuphunza ebizwa ngokuthi yi-"enzooticabortion".

• Ukuzalanisana ezimbuzini ama-Angora nakhokungabangela ukuphunza okuvamile unyakanonyaka.

UKUPHUNZA KUNGABANGELWAYINGCINDEZI EBANGELWA

NGUKULAMBA• Lokhu kuyingoba insikazi emithi idinga

izakhamzimba kanye namandla okwengezelelweemzimbeni wayo kanye nombungu.

• Uma ingakwazi ukuthola ukudla kwezinga elihleokwenele kungenzeka iphunze.

• Ezindaweni lapho izulu lina ehlobo, ukuphunzaokubangelwa yingcindezi kungaba yinkingaenkulu kusukela ku-Agasti kuya ku-Okhthobanjengoba idlelo lisuke selidliwe kakhulu futhi

utshani obusele busuke bungenamsoco.• Ngokuvamile imililo yequbula icekela phansi

izindawo ezinkulu zedlelo kanti lokhu kwenzaisimo sibe sibi kakhulu.

ZIMPAWU ZINI OZIBONAYO?• Ngezinye izikhathi umbungu kungenzeka ube

ube nokukhubazeka, kanti njalo ngezinyeizikhathi umbungu uba ngojwayelekile.

• Uma ukuphunza kubangelwe yingcindeziyendlala, izinyane eliphile kahle nje liye lizalwengaphambi kwesikhathi, ngemva kwezinsukuezingama-90 nje zokumitha.

• Uma ukuphunza kubangelwe ngukungenwayisifo, umbungu kungenzeka kubengowejwayelekile noma kungenzeka ubhucuke.

• Ekuphunzeni okuvamile ezimbuzini zama-Angora, umbungu kungenzeka uvuvukalekakhulu.

• Uma kungenzeka, thola umbungu ophunzilekanye nomhlapho (emva kokuzala).

• Ngokusebenzisa izikhwama zepulasitikiezandleni zakho, wuthathe.

• Wugoqe ngokucophelela ngezikhwamazepulasitiki bese uwuthatha uwuyisekuchwepheshe wezempilo yezilwane okanyeudokotela wezilwane kahulumeni noma ozimeleukuthola imbangela yokuphunza.



32

Imibungu ephunzile (enzootic aabortion).(Isithombe: Jan de Wet.)

Hlinzeka ngokudla kanye nokokukhothakokwengezelela uma ukudla kungenele noma

kuyikhwalithi embi.

UUUU KKKK UUUU PPPP HHHH UUUU NNNN ZZZZ AAAA


• Geza izandla zakho ngamanzi anensipho emvakokuphatha umbungu ophunzile.

UKWELASHWA• Ukwelashwa kwezinsikazi eziphunzayo ngenxa

ye-enzootic abortion kuvamise ukungaphumelelifuthi akunambuyiselo.

• Akukho ukwelashwa okusebenza ngqongokuphunza okubangelwa yi-Coxiella.

• Ukuphunza okubangelwa ngukulamba nomaokubangelwa ngukuzalisana akunakwelashwekodwa kufanele kuvinjelwe.

UKUVIMBELA• Ukuvimbela ukuphunza okubangelwa

ngukulamba, nikeza izinsikazi ukudlakwekhwalithi okuhle ukuze zikhuluphale.

• Ukuvimbela ukuphunza okubangelwa yi-Chlamydia, bonisanani nodokotela wezilwanengokugoma okungenziwa.

• Ukuvimbela ukuphunza okubangelwa yigciwanele-Coxiella, ukubulala imikhaza yikonaokusebenza kahle.

UKONDLA INSIKAZI EMITHI• Izikhathi ezibucayi yizinyanga ezimbili

zokugcina ekumitheni kanye nezimbili ngemvakokuzala.

• Ngalezi zinyanga ezine, insikazi idinga izinhloboezintathu zokudla okwengezelwe okanyeukondliwa okwengeziwe.

• Ngosuku ngalunye, insikazi emithi edlayonesisindo sayo singu-30kg, idinga ukudlaokwengeziwe okunguku-400g okunomsocowamandla. Lokhu kudla kubandakanya utiligi,ummbili, ibhele, izinhlamvu zabaphisibotshwala, izinhlamvu zikakolo kanye nokudlaokulikhekhe elenziwe ngembewu kakotini.

• Insikazi emithi izophinde idinge ukudlaokwengezelelwe okusilinganiso sakho ngu-400gkokudla kokwengezelela okunezakhimizimbaeziningi ngosuku. Lokhu kudla kubandakanyaukudla okunenhlanzi, ukudla okulikhekheokunowoyela wamakinati, ukudla okulikhekheokunowoyela wembewu kakotini kanyenezinhlamvu zabaphisi botshwala.

• Kufanele futhi ithole usawoti osilinganiso sawongu-8g kanye nengxubevange engu-8gyezimbiwa ngosuku.



33



LIYINI ITHUMBA?• Ithumba lingubomvu obakhele ngaphakathi

kweqhubu eliqinile.

YINI EBANGELA ITHUMBA?• Ithumba libangwa amagciwane abizwa

ngebhakithiriya atholakala ezintulini,ebulongweni nasemhlabathini.

• Ithumba liye limile emva kokulimala okwenziwayimikhaza, imbali yotshani nameva.

• Ibhakithiriya ingena ngesilonda esincane beseithubeleza umzimba wonke ngegazi.

• Ithumba lingenzeka kude nesilonda sokuqala.

ZIMPAWU ZINI OZIBONAYO?• Kuye kube nokuvuvuka okuyindilinga okungaba

bomvu futhi kube buhlungu uma ukuthinta.• Ithumba kuvame ukuba limile ngaphambi

kwehlombe, ekhanda noma entanyeni,ohlangothini noma emlenzeni ongemuva.

• Ngesikhathi ithumba likhula lifinyelelaekuvuthweni, uboya buyawa bese kubanendawana ethambile maphakathi nendawo.

UKWELASHWA• Ithumba kufanele lilashwe uma uboya sebuwile

futhi sekunendawana ethambile maphakathinendawo.

• Thela usawoti ngesipuni esincane emanziniayilitha bese ukubilisa imizuzu engamashumiamabili bese uwapholise.

• Hlanza ummese obukhali ngokuwufakaemanzini abilayo imizuzu engamashumi amabili.

• Qoqela ndawonye indishi yamanzi, ummeseohlanziwe noma insingo entsha, ithawulalephepha, isifutho sesilonda esinesibulalizinambuzane kanye nesikhwama sepulasitikisokwengezelela.

• Bopha imbuzi.• Gqoka amagilavu.

• Sika phezu kwendawo ethambile ngommesenoma ngensingo.

• Sebenzisa umunwe ukupotshoza ubomvu beseukukhiphela ephepheni elihlanzekile.


34

AAAA MMMM AAAA TTTT HHHH UUUU MMMM BBBB AAAA


• Hlanza isilonda ngamanzi abilisiwe anosawoti.• Sebenzisa isifutho sesilonda esifanele ukuqhelisa

izimpukane.• Qoqela ndawonye iphepha, ubomvu kanye

namagilavu bese uyakugqiba noma ukushise.• Uma kwenzeka, jova isilwane ngama-

antibhayothikhi uma ithumba selilashiwe.

UKUVIMBELA• Uma isilwane sinamathumba amaningi amabi

kakhulu noma sithola amathumba njalo nje,kufanele sibulawe.

• Bulala imikhaza.

(Izithombe: Division of Parasitology,Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute.)


35



YINI ITHUMBA LENGQINA?• Lesi yisimo esibuhlungu lapho ithumba limila

esithweni sengqina.

YINI EBANGELA ITHUMBALENGQINA?

• Amagciwane angena emzimbeni ngesilondaesincane noma ngokulimala onyaweni.

• Isilonda noma ukulimala kungabangelwangukulunywa ngumkhazaphakathi kwezinselo.

• Isilonda nomaukulimalakungabangelwangameva uma imbuziyeyama ngezihlahlaukunqampuna.

• Amagciwane abeesenza ukuba kwakhekeithumba.

• Ithumba lingabanomthelela omubiemalungeni engqina.

ZIMPAWU ZINI OZIBONAYO?• Imbuzi iye ixhuge, ngokuvamile onyaweni

olulodwa.• Ingqina liye lishise kakhulu uma uluthinta futhi

kuba buhlungu esilwaneni uma luthintwa.• Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingqina liye

livuvukale ngaphezu kwenselo futhi ithumbaliqhume esikhumbeni lapho.

UKWELASHWA• Ithumba lengqina kunzima ukulelapha ngoba

liphakathi kwezinselo futhi ungeke ukwaziukulisika lapho.

• Ithumba lengqina kunzima ukulelapha ngobaama-antibhayothikhi awakwazi ukungena kalulaeqhutshini lethumba.

• Gcina ingqina elinethumba lihlanzekile kanyenesilwane sisendaweni eyomile, ehlanzekilekusihlwa.

• Ukwelapha ngama-antibhayothikhi ane-oxytetracycline esebenza isikhathi esidenenikezelwa njalo izinsuku ezintathu esikhathiniesingamasonto amane kungenzeka kuphumelele.

• Uma ithumba lilibi kakhulu, kungangconoukusibulala isilwane.

UKUVIMBELA• Lapho imikhaza iyinkinga, cwilisa amangqina

embuzi kwinhlanganisela yediphu elibulalaimikhaza.

• Ungasebenzisa ubhavu wezinyawo ukucwilisaamangqina embuzi.

• Noma ungavele ucwilise ingqina ngalinye esitsheniesincaneesinenhlanganiselayediphu elibulalaimikhaza.

• Sebenzisa lesi sitshaukwenza lomsebenzikuphela.

• Sebenzisa idiphulemikhaza elibhaliselweizimbuzi.

• Cwilisa amangqinakanye ngesonto ehlobonanjalo esontwenilesibili ebusika.


36


Ukucwiliswakwamangqina embuzi.

Ithumba lengqina. (Isithombe: Gareth Bath.)

Imikhaza izinamathiselangaphansi kwezinselo.

(Isithombe: GarethBath.)

Izimbuzi kungenzeka zizilimaze amangqinauma zeyama ngezihlahla ukuze zinqampune.

(Isithombe: Michael Stenson.)

Ubomvu

Ukuvuvuka

AAAA MMMM AAAA TTTT HHHH UUUU MMMM BBBB AAAA AAAA MMMM AAAA NNNN GGGG QQQQ IIII NNNN AAAA


YINI ISIFO SAMAZOLO?• Isifo samazolo yisifo sesikhumba kanye

nontwentwesi ezimvini nasezimbuzini.• Izilwane ezinalesi sifo ziba nezilonda eziqaqela

umlomo nekhala.• Ngenxa yalezi zilonda, elinye igama lalesi sifo

yi-"sore mouth".• Isifo samazolo singabangena abantu uma

bebamba izilwane ezina lesi sifo.

YINI EBANGELA ISIFOSAMAZOLO?

• Igciwane elibangela isifo samazolo liqinile kantilingakwazi ukuphila iminyaka eminingiendaweni.

• Lingena emzimbeni lapho kusikeke khonaisikhumba njengokuhwayeka noma ukusikeka.

• Ingcindezi yokumitha ingabangela ukuba isifosivuke ezinsikazini.

• Isifo singadlulela emazinyaneni.• Izinyane elithelelekile lingadlulisela igciwane

kunina ngesikhathi lincela.

ZIMPAWU ZINI OZIBONAYO?• Kubonakala ukhwekhwe oluyindilinga

oluncanyana ekhoneni lomlomo.• Ukhwekhwe lwanda luzungeze impumulo

nekhala, luqaqele amehlo.

• Izilonda ezomile kungenzeka zakheke emibeleniyezinsikazi ezincelisa amazinyane anesifo.

• Uma izinyane lincela kunina onezilonda ebeleni,kuba buhlungu kakhulu.

UKWELASHWA• Isifo kufanele siziphelele ngokwaso.• Hlukanisa izilwane ezinesifo samazolo, ngoba

amagciwane akhela esikhokhweni sezilonda kantiuma lezi zikhokho ziwa, amagciwane abe esehlalaemhlabathi izinyanga eziningi ezilandelayo.

• Gqoka amagilavu bese ugcobisa uvaselina ukugcinaukhwekhwe luthambile.

• Ezilwaneni eziphatheke kakhulu, isifutho esinama-antibhayothikhi kufanele sisetshenzisweokhwekhweni.

• Amazinyane angakwazi ukuncela kufaneleanceliswe ngebhodlela.

UKUVIMBELA• Lapho kunezilwane ezimbalwa ezithintekile futhi

ukhathazekile ngokuthi ukutheleleka kuzokwandelakwezinye izilwane, goma umhlambi wonke.

• Ungawugomi umhlambi lapho ziziningi izilwaneesezithelelekile.

• Ungazigomi izilwane eziphilile emhlambiniongenasifo.



37

Izilonda zesifo samazolo.(Isithombe: Jenny Turton.)

Izilonda zesifo samazolo.(Isithombe: Gareth Bath.)

Izilonda zesifo samazolo.(Isithombe: University of Pretoria.)

IIII SSSS IIII FFFF OOOO SSSS AAAA MMMM AAAA ZZZZ OOOO LLLL OOOO //// AAAA MMMM AAAA GGGG OOOO NNNN WWWW AAAA NNNN AAAA


SIYINI ISIFO SOKUVUVUKAKWEBELE?

• Isifo sokuvuvuka kwebele ngubuhlunguobenziwa ngukukhukhumala kwebele.

• Izinsikazi ezikhiqiza ubisi oluningi yizo ezivameukuthola lesi sifo.

• Isifo sokuvuvuka kwebele siyimbangela enkuluyokuphela komkhiqizo wobisi.

• Isifo sokuvuvuka kwebele esinzima kakhulusingabangela ubuthi emzimbeni wonkewesilwane, sibangele imfiva, ingcindezi kanyenokungakuthandi ukudla.

• Kulesi sithombe esilandelayo, ingxenye yebeleisiwile ngenxa yalesi sifo sokuvuvuka kwebele.

YINI EBANGELA ISIFOSOKUVUVUKA KWEBELE?

• Isifo sokuvuvuka kwebele sibangelwangukungena kwegciwane ebeleni.

• Isifo sokuvuvuka kwebele senzeka ezimweniezimanzi nezifudumele.

• Isifo singenzeka uma amazinyane elethaigciwane embotsheni yemibele uma encela.

• Izinsikazi ezinamazinyane anezilonda zesifosamazolo ("sore mouth") yizo ezivame ukutholalesi sifo sokuvuvuka kwebele.

ZIMPAWU ZINI OZIBONAYO?• Uguquko ebeleni kanye nezigaqa obisini

kuyabonakala.• Lesi sifo singenza ukuthi ibele livuvuke, lishise

uma lithintwa, libe bomvu futhi libe buhlungubese liba nombala obukhwebezana.

• Alubi bikho ubisi noma ubisi lubangolungajwayelekile (luba lula lube ngamanzi,lujiye lube nezigaqa noma lube nobomvu nomaigazi).

• Amathumba angenzeka ebeleni.



38

Isifo sokuvuvuka kwebele - ingxenye yebeleisiwile. (Isithombe: Gareth Bath.)

Amathumba ebeleni.(Isithombe: Gareth Bath.)

Ibele elivuvukele. (Isithombe: Gareth Bath.)

IIII SSSS IIII FFFF OOOO SSSS OOOO KKKK UUUU VVVV UUUU VVVV UUUU KKKK AAAA KKKK WWWW EEEE BBBB EEEE LLLL EEEE


• Izinsikazi kungenzeka zihudule umlenzewangemuva osondelene kakhulu nengxenyeyebele ethintekile, futhi ziqhuge uma zihamba.

• Ngenxa yobuhlungu, izinsikazi kungenzekazingawavumeli amazinyane ukuba ancele.

• Amazinyane angalamba bese efa.

UKWELASHWA• Lapho kungenzeka, ibele kufanele lisengwe

lonke ubisi.• Ungaxubi ubisi lwembuzi enesifo sokuvuvuka

kwebele nolwembuzi engaguli.• Ubisi lwensikazi enalesi sifo kumele lulahlwe.• Sebenzisa iphakethe elishisayo (njengamanzi

ashisayo athelwe ebhodleleni) ebeleni eligulayoimizuzu emihlanu kuya kweyishumi.

• Bese usebenzisa iphakethe elibandayo(njengeqhwa eligoqwe ngethawula, okanyeithawula eligqunywe emanzini abandayo)imizuzu emihlanu kuya kweyishumi.

• Jova ngama-antibhayothikhi imisipha.

• Xhumana nodokotela wezilwanengokusebenzisa ukwelashwa kwezimbobozombele.

• Ncelisa amazinyane ezinsikazi ezinalesi sifoubisi lwezinsikazi ezangaguli ukuze amazinyaneangalambi.

UKUVIMBELA• Inhlanzeko kanye nempatho enhle kubalulekile

kakhulu.• Ukusukumela ngokushesha ukulimala kombele

kubalulekile kakhulu.• Izimpukane zingabhebhethekisa ukugula,

ngakhoke ukulwisana nazo nakho kubalulekile.• Hlola imibele ngaphambi kokuzalanisa.• Ungazalanisi izinsikazi ezinemibele eqinile,

edumbile noma imibele evalekile ngoba ngekezikwazi ukuncelisa futhi zikhulise amazinyane.

• Bulala izilwane eziguliswa kakhulu yilesi sifo.• Uma isifo sokuvuvuka kwebele kuyinkinga

epulazini, bandakanya ukugomela lesi sifoohlelweni lwakho lomgomo (bheka ikhasi 50).



39


YINI INYUMONIYA?• Inyumoniya yisifo sezindlela zomoya kanye

namaphaphu, sihlasela izimvu, izimbuzi,izinkomo kanye nezinye izilwane.

YINI EBANGELA INYUMONIYA?• Inyumoniya ibangelwa ngamagciwane abizwa

nge-Pasteurella ne-Mannheimia.• Ngokujwayelekile sivela uma izilwane ziphethwe

yingcindezi.• Izilwane zingaba nengcindezi uma zisesemweni

esibi sezulu njengemimoya eqinile, izimvulaezinkulu, uguquko olusheshayo ekushiseninoma ekubandeni kakhulu.

• Izilwane zingaphinde zithole lesi sifo emvakokuthuthwa ibanga elide.

ZIMPAWU ZINI OZIBONAYO?• Izilwane zingabukeka zikhathele futhi zihamba

ngemuva komhlambi uma ziqhutshwa.• Kungenzeka ziyeke ukudla ngokwenele.• Izimbuzi ezinenyumoniya zivame ukuba

nemfiva.• Izilwane ezinenyumoniya ziphefumulela

phezulu futhi ziphefumula kanzima.• Kungenzeka zihefuzele futhi zikhwehlele.• Kungenzeka ziphume amafinyila ekhaleni.

EZILWANENI EZIBULAWEYINYUMONIYA:

• Amaphaphu azobukeka ezibhashubhashu futhienamachashazi abomvu phakathi kwezindawoeziphinki ezejwayelekile.

• Ingxenye enkulu yamaphaphu ingaqina futhi ibebomvu ngombala.

• Amaphaphu kungenzeka ambozwenguntwentwesi oluphuzana olunamathelangaphakathi kwezimbambo.

• Kungenzeka kube namagwebu kuqhoqhoqho.

• Izingxenye zamaphaphu ezithintekile esilwaneniesibulawe yinyumoniya ziyazika emanzini.

UKWELASHWA• Yelapha ngomkhiqizo osebenza isikhathi eside

i-oxytetracycline.• Phinda emva kwezinsuku ezintathu uma

kunesidingo.

UKUVIMBELA• Lungisa izinkinga zokuphatha ezingabangela

ingcindezi ezilwaneni.• Hlinzeka ngesihenqo ngesikhathi sezulu esibi.• Ngesikhathi sohambo olude, vumela izimbuzi

ukuthi zime, zihlabe ikhefu, ziphuze amanzifuthi zidle ifolishi.

• Ukugoma umhlambi kungasiza ukulawula isifo.



40

Amaphaphu anenyumoniya. (Isithombe:Division of Pathology, Onderstepoort

Veterinary Institute.)

Untwentwesi oluphuzana emaphashini.(Isithombe: Division of Pathology,

Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute.)

Kungenzeka kube namagwebu kuqhoqhoqho.(Isithombe: Division of Pathology,


IIII NNNN YYYY UUUU MMMM OOOO NNNN IIII YYYY AAAA


SIYINI ISIFO SEZINSO?• Isifo sezinso sihlasela futhi singabulala izimbuzi,

izimvu kanye nezinkomo.

YINI EBANGELA ISIFO SEZINSO?• Izinso ezithambile zibangelwa yigciwane.• Izinso ezithambile zivame ukulandela ushintsho

olusheshayo ekudleni, ngokwesibonelo, umaizimbuzi zisuswa endaweni esidliwe kakhuluziyiswa endaweni eyongiwe.

• Ikakhulukazi yizilwane ezisencane ezithintekayo,kodwa nezindadlana kungenzeka zife ngenxayalesi sifo.

ZIMPAWU ZINI OZIBONAYO?• Isifo siqhamuka ngokukhulu ukushesha.• Izimbuzi kungenzeka zikhombise ukuyenda

uma zihamba kanye nokudlidlizela.• Izilwane ezinalesi sifo zivamise ukutholwa zifile

zingazange zikhombise zimpawu.• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imbuzi ibulawe yini,

kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu.

EZILWANENI EZIBULAWE YISIFOSEZINSO:

• Kungenzeka ubone izinso ezithambileeziphaphathekile; yikho nje igama lithi "insoephaphathekile".

• Izinso zingabukela zinegazi.• Ngesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ubone

amathumbu abomvu agcwele umoya. (Kodwauzokubona lokhu ezilwaneni osekunesikhathizifile).

• Uphawu olubalulekile esilwaneni esifilengukwanda komthamo woketshezi olusesakenielizungeze inhliziyo, nolujiyayo lube njengojeliuma lelosaka livulwa.

UKWELASHWA• Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ziyashesha,

ukwelashwa kuye kufike sesedlulile isikhathi.• Uma kube nobungcono obusheshayo ekudleni,

phindela ekudleni kwaphambilini ukufakekancane kancane ukudla osekungcono.

UKUVIMBELA• Ungashintshi ukudla ngokushesha.• Ukugoma njalo nje kuyindlela ekahle

yokuvimbela isifo.• Kunemigomo eminingi ekhona - landela

imiyalelo yomkhiqizi ngokunakekela.



41

Izinso ezithambile eziphaphathekile.(Isithombe: Division of Pathology,


Amathumbu abomvu agcwele umoya.(Isithombe: Food and Agriculture

Organization.)

IIII SSSS IIII FFFF OOOO SSSS EEEE ZZZZ IIII NNNN SSSS OOOO


SIYINI ISIFO SOKUQINAKWEMISIPHA?

• Isifo sokuqina kwemisipha sibangelwa wubuthibebhakithiriya engatholakala kwindle kanyenomhlabathi.

• Imiphumela yaso ngukudlikiza okubi kwemisiphakanye nokufa.

• Siphatha amahhashi, izingulube, izimvu, izinkomo,izimbuzi kanye nezinja.

• Abantu nabo bangasithola isifo sokuqinakwemisipha.

YINI EBANGELA ISIFO SOKUQINAKWEMISIPHA?

• Isifo sokuqina kwemisipha singenzeka umaisilonda, ukusikeka noma isicubu esifile singenwayigciwane.

• Iningi lezicubu ezifile zingenziwa ngumsebenziwokuhlinza (isibonelo, ukuthenwa) ongenziwangangendlela.

• Igciwane liphindaphindeka esilondeni nomaesicutshini esifile futhi sikhiqize ubuthi obuhlaselauhlelo lwemizwa lomzimba.

ZIMPAWU ZINIOZIBONAYO?

• Lesi sifo siqalaesikhathini esiyisontokuya kwamathathuemva kokuba isilwanesilimele.

• Imbuzi iyagongobala,iwele phansi, ilalengecele imilenze yayoiqonde thwishi. Ikhandaliye ligobele ngasemuva.

• Isilwane sikhombisaumuzwa omkhuluemsindweni nomaekuthintweni.

• Ijwabu lesithathu lehloliye lemboze ilihlo.

• Isilwane siyafa ngenxa yokufuthelana ngenxayokuthi imisipha esetshenziswa ekuphefumuleniiyathinteka.

EZILWANENI EZIBULAWE YISIFOSOKUQINA KWEMISIPHA:

• Kubonakala izilonda ezibhibhayo nomaezinganakwanga.

UKWELASHWA• Gqoka amagilavu uma usebenza isilwane ocabanga

ukuthi besinesifo sokuqina kwemisipha.• Hlanza futhi ubulale amagciwane esilondeni

sezilwane ezithintekayo, ususe zonke izicubu ezifile.• Jova izilwane ngama-antibhayothikhi asebenza

isikhathi eside.• Beka izilwane ezithintekile endaweni emnyama

nethule.• Qinisekisa ukuthi izilwane zinokudla namanzi

amasha.• Izilwane ezigula kakhulu kufanele ziqedelwe.

UKUVIMBELA• Sebenzisa ukuphathwa kwezilonda okuhle

ngokuhlanza futhi ubulale amagciwane ezilondeni.• Emva kokuthi amazinyane amaduna esetheniwe,

wabeke esihonqweni esihlanzekile noma esibayenisezimbuzi lapho imisimbane iwela phansi idluleephansini elineminkenke.

• Goma zonke izinsikazi ezimithi esikhathiniesingamasonto ayisithupha kuyakwayisishiyagalombili kanjalo nasesikhathiniesingamasonto amabili kuya kwamane ngaphambikokuzala. Landela imiyalelo yokugoma yomkhiqizingokucophelela okukhulu.



42

Isifo sokuqina kwemisipha sibangelwayindlela yokuthena engenhle kusetshenziswaiBurdizzo. (Isithombe: Division of Pathology,


Ukugongobala okubangelwa yisifo sokuqinakwemisipha. (Isithombe: CTVM collection.)

Ijwabu lesithathu liyelivale ilihlo.

(Isithombe: Divisionof Pathology,

OnderstepoortVeterinary Institute.)

IIIISSSS IIII FFFFOOOO SSSSOOOOKKKKUUUUQQQQIIIINNNNAAAA KKKKWWWWEEEEMMMMIIIISSSS IIIIPPPPHHHHAAAA


SIYINI ISIFO SOLIMIOLULUHLAZA?

• Lesi yisifo sezimvu nezimbuzi kanti sivameukubonakala emva kwezimvula ezinkulungasekupheleni kwehlobo nokuqalakwekwindla.

YINI EBANGELA LESI SIFO?• Lesi sifo sibangelwa yigciwane elithwalwa

yizilokazana ezincane ezindizayo ezibizwangokuthi yizimbuzane.

• Lezi zilokazana zitholakala kakhulu ezindaweniezinezimo ezifudumele nezimanzi.

ZIMPAWU ZINI OZIBONAYO?• Imbuzi eguliswa yisifo solimi oluluhlaza iba

nemfiva kanye nokushisa okungaphezu kuka-39°C.

• Izindebe kungenzeka zivuvuke.• Kungenzeka kube nozozo olimini nasezinsinini.• Umbala wolimi kungenzeka ube luhlaza, yikho

nje igama kuthiwa yi-”bluetongue”.

• Imishwe engaphezu kwezinselo kungenzeka ibebomvu.

• Uma izinsikazi zikhiqiza ubisi, kungenzeka kubenokwehla emthamweni wobisi olukhiqizwayo.

UKWELASHWA• Izimbuzi ezinesifo solimi oluluhlaza kufanele

zigcinwe ethunzini zinikwe amanzi nokudlaokusha.

• Jova izilwane ngama-antibhayothikhi asebenzaisikhathi eside ukuvimbela inyumoniya.

UKUVIMBELA• Vikela izimbuzi ezilokazaneni ezintinyelayo

ngokugwema amadlelo asezimfundeni futhiamanzi.

• Gcobisa umuthi wokudedisa izilokazanaezimbuzini.

• Goma izimbuzi uzivikele kulesi sifoentwasahlobo, ngemva kokuthi izinsikazisezizele.

• Ungazigomi izinsikazi ezimithi ezinyangeniezintathu zokuqala zokumitha.



43

Lesi sifo singabangela ukuba amangqina abebomvu. (Isithombe: Onderstepoort Veterinary

Institute.)

Izimvu nezimbuzi okuhlaselwe yilesi sifosolimi oluluhlaza kungenzeka zigobiseizintamo zazo ngendlela engavamile.(Isithombe: Onderstepoort VeterinaryInstitute.)

IIII SSSS IIII FFFF OOOO SSSS OOOO LLLL IIII MMMM IIII OOOO LLLL UUUU LLLL UUUU HHHH LLLL AAAA ZZZZ AAAA

Ukuguquka kombalawekhala nomlomo.(Isithombe: CTVM

collection.)


UYINI UMQHAQHAZELO?• Umqhaqhazelo yisifo esiphatha izimvu,

izimbuzi kanye nezinkomo futhi izilwane zibanemfiva zikhombise nezimpawu zokubanexhala.

YINI EBANGELAUMQHAQHAZELO?

• Lesi sifo sibangwa yisilo esihlala egazini.• Lesi silo siyibhakithikiya.• Isilo sifafazwa ngumkhaza iBont.• Lo mkhaza utholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni

zezwe ezomile nezingabi naso isithwathwa,ngakho-ke lesi sifo sitholakala kulezi zindawokuphela.

ZIMPAWU ZINI OZIBONAYO?• Uphawu olubaluleke kakhulu ngukuthi izilwane

ziyagula zibe nemfiva engu 40°C nomangaphezulu.

• Kungenzeka ubone ukuziphathaokungajwayelekile, ngokwesibonelo, imbuziingaphendula ikhanda layo ilibhekise emuvaemzimbeni wayo ngendlela engajwayelekile.



44

Umkhaza iBont - lomkhaza ulingana

nozipholukacikicane

wakho. (Isithombe:Arthur Spickett.)

Imbuzi iphendula ikhanda layo. (Isithombe:Division of Pathology, Onderstepoort

Veterinary Institute.)

Uketshezi esifubeni. (Isithombe: Division ofPathology, Onderstepoort Veterinary

Institute.)

Amaphaphu avuvukele. (Isithombe: Divisionof Pathology, Onderstepoort Veterinary

Institute.)

Imbuzi ikhahlela kakhulu.

UUUU MMMM QQQQ HHHH AAAA QQQQ HHHH AAAA ZZZZ EEEE LLLL OOOO


• Kungenzeka ubone izimpawu zexhalanjengokuhambela phezulu, ukuhluthuleka nomaukukhahlela kakhulu.

• Izimbuzi ezigula kakhulu kungenzeka zife kantikulezi zilwane kungenzeka ubone amagwebunoketshezi kuphuma ekhaleni.

• Uma uhlinza isidumbu (bona ikhasi 17-19),kungenzeka uthole uketshezi esiswini, esifubenikanye nasesakeni elizungeze inhliziyo,ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu namagwebu,uketshezi kuqhoqhoqho.

UKWELASHWA• Uma ubona izimpawu zesifo, zelaphe

ngokushesha ngomkhiqizo othatha isikhathieside i-oxytetracycline.

• Funda ilebuli yomkhiqizo ukuhlola isilinganisokanye nemiyalelo yokuwusebenzisa.

UKUVIMBELA• Bonana nodokotela wezilwane wangakini

ngendlela engcono ukulawula lesi sifo endaweniyangakini.

• Ezindaweni ezinalesi sifo, singalawulwa kanjena:• ukugonywa kwazo zonke izilwane, futhi• ngemva kwalokho, ukulwa nemikhaza uma

iba yinkinga.



45


SIYINI ISIFO SOHUDO?• Lesi sifo siphatha amazinyane ezimbuzi

nezimvu.

YINI EBANGELA LESIFOSOHUDO?

• Sibangelwa nguhlobo lwe-protozoon eyisiloesineseli eyodwa.

• Lesi sifo senzeka uma kunezimo ezingcolileezindaweni zokudlela zezilwane, izindawozokulala kanye nasezibayeni.

• Izilwane ezincane zithola lesi sifo kalula kantiukufa zikuthola emqubeni onegciwane.

• Izilwane ezingasitholi isifo (futhiezingakhombisi zimpawu) zihlale zingabathwaliabalokhu belahlela izilokazana ebulongweni.

ZIMPAWU ZINI OZIBONAYO?• Uhudo olusamanzi.• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi.• Ukuphelelwa nguthando lokudla.• Ukuphelelwa yimpilo.

UHUDO EZILWANENI EZIFILE:• Kungenzeka kube namachashaza ngaphandle

kwamathumbu.

• Uma amathumbu evulwa abukekaenamaqhuqhuva.

UKWELASHWA• Hlukanisa zonke izilwane ezigulayo.• Yelapha zonke izilwane ezigulayo ngekhambi

lohudo.• Xuba uhhafu wesipuni esincane setswayi kanye

nezipuni ezincane eziyisithupha zikashukelaemanzini ayilitha ahlanzekile nafudumele.

• Phuzisa izinyane eliphelelwe ngamanzi ikotakuya kuhhafu wengxube izikhathi ezinengosuku, izinsuku ezintathu.

UKUVIMBELA• Qinisekisa ukuthi ugcina izindawo zokudlela,

ezokulala nezibaya zezilwane zomile futhizihlanzekile.

• Ungampintshanisi izilwane endaweni encanekakhulu.

• Uma kungenzeka, yakha isibaya sezimbuziesinephansi elakhiwe ngamapulangweesinezikhala phakathi kwalawo mapulangweukuze imisimbane iphumele ngaphansi.


46


IIII SSSS IIII FFFF OOOO SSSS OOOO HHHH UUUU DDDD OOOO ((((CCCC OOOO CCCC CCCC IIII DDDD IIII OOOO SSSS IIII SSSS ))))

Izimbuzi ezinohudo ezimweni ezingcolileendaweni yezilwane.

(Isithombe: Gareth Bath.)

Amathumbu anohudo.(Isithombe: CTVM collection.)

Amathumbu anohudo.(Isithombe: University of Pretoria.)


YINI IZIKELEMU EZIYIZINSUNGULO?• Izikelemu eziyizinsungulo yizilwane eziphila

kwezinye ezidla utshani njengezimbuzi, izimvukanye nezinkomo.

KUNGABE IZILWANE ZIZITHOLAKANJANI IZIKELEMUEZIYIZINSUNGULO?

• Izimbuzi, izimvu kanye nezinkomo zitholaizikelemu eziyizinsungulo ngokugwinya izibunguezisencane ngenkathi zidla utshani.

• Lezi zibunguezisencanezikhula zibeyizibunguezindalangaphakathiesilwaneni.

• Izilwaneezisencaneyizoeziphathekakabikakhulu.

ZIMPAWU ZINI OZIBONAYO?• Kungenzeka ubone umhlathi olengayo ovuvukele.• Ingaphakathi lamajwabu amehlo angaphaphatheka.• Kungenzeka kube nohudo. Kodwa khumbula,

uhudo lungabangelwa nangezinye izinto(njengesifo sohudo noma izimila ezinobuthi).

• Ebusika noma ngesikhathi sonyaka esomile,izilwane kungenzeka zibe sesimweni esingesihlesempilo.

EZILWANENI EZIBULAWEYIZIKELEMU EZIYIZINSUNGULO:

• Kungaba khona ukopha noma izikelemu esiswininoma kuntwentwesi lwethumbu.

UKWELASHWA• Uma ubona lezi zimpawu, yelapha ngekhambi

lezikelemu.

• Uhlelo lwe-FAMACHA© lungasetshenziswaukuhlonza ukuthi yisiphi isilwane esidingaukwelashwa - kunokwelapha wonke umhlambi.

• Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa ikhadi le-FAMACHA©

buza umcobeleli oqeqeshiwe, uchwepheshewempilo yezilwane noma udokotela wezilwanekahulumeni noma ozimele ukuthi bakutshengiseukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani.


47


IIII ZZZZ IIII KKKK EEEE LLLL EEEE MMMM UUUU EEEE ZZZZ IIII YYYY IIII ZZZZ IIII NNNN SSSS UUUU NNNN GGGG UUUU LLLL OOOO

Uketshezi olunegazi

Izikelemu

Umhlathi olengayo ovuvukele.(Isithombe: Thomas Terrill.)

Amakhambi ezikelemu.

Ithumbu elisikiwe lavulwa.

Ukusebenzisa ikhadi le-FAMACHA©.


• Uma ufuna ukuthola olunye ulwazi noma ufunaukuthenga amakhadi e-FAMACHA© ntintana no:uSolwazi Gareth BathPrivate Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110Republic of South AfricaIthelefoni: kuzwelonke - (012) 529 8038


emhlabeni wonke - +27 12 529 8396i-E-mail: [email protected]

UKUVIMBELA• Gcina izilwane zakho esimweni esihle.• Zihlinzeke ngefolishi lekhwalithi ephezulu

kanye nokokukhotha - ayoncipha amathubaokuthi ziguliswe yizikelemu.



48

Ikhadi le-FAMACHA© litholakala ngosayiziababili abehlukene.Izimbuzi zidliswa okokukhotha.

Ukusebenzisa ikhadi le-FAMACHA©.(Isithombe: Leslie Harrison.)

IIII SSSSAAAAMMMMPPPPUUUULLLL AAAA

IIIISSSSAAAAMMMMPPPPUUUULLLLAAAA


• Ezinye izinhlobo zezikelemu, yizikelemuezingamabhande ezivame ukutholakala ezimvininasezimbuzini.

• Izikelemu ezingamabhande zibukekanjengemisweswana emihlophe emisimbaneniyesilwane.

• Izilwane ezinezikelemu ezingamabhandekufanele zelashwe, kodwa ukhumbule ukuthiizikelemu ezizinsungulo zibaluleke kakhulukunezikelemu ezingamabhande.

• Sebenzisa ikhambi lezikelemu ukwelaphakokubili izikelemu ezizinsungulo nalezoezingamabhande. Lokhu kuzokongela imali.



49

IIII ZZZZ IIII KKKK EEEE LLLL EEEE MMMM UUUU EEEE ZZZZ IIII NNNN GGGG AAAA MMMM AAAA BBBB HHHH AAAA NNNN DDDD EEEE ////

IIII ZZZZ IIII LLLL OOOO EEEE ZZZZ IIII MMMM HHHH LLLL OOOO PPPP HHHH EEEE

Izigatshana zezikelemu ezingamabhandeebulongweni. (Isithombe: Rosina Krecek.)


YINI ISILO SESIBINDI?• Izilo zesibindi ziyisicaba, zimise okweqabunga

kanti zitholakala emihubheni yezinyongozesibindi ezilwaneni.

IZILWANE ZIZITHOLA KANJANIIZILO ZESIBINDI?

• Isilo esidala sibekela amaqanda achamusela

emanzini noma emadlelweni amanzi, kuphumeizilo ezingavuthiwe.

• Isilo sidinga ukuchitha ingxenye yempilo yasoemnenkeni ngakho-ke isilo esingavuthiwesingena emnenkeni sihlale kuwo isikhathisempilo yaso.

• Siphuma emnenkeni sinamathele ezimileniezimila emaxhaphozini nasezindaweni ezimanzikanti sigwinywa yimbuzi ngesikhathi idla lapho.



Injikelezane yempilo yesilo sesibindi.

IIII ZZZZ IIII LLLL OOOO ZZZZ EEEE SSSS IIII BBBB IIII NNNN DDDD IIII

50

Isibungu sikhula sibe yisiloesidala esitholakalaesibindini sembuzi.

Isilo esidalasibekela

amaqandaaphuma

nobulongwe.

Isibungu siyahlamba,singene ohlotshenioluthile lomnenke

sikhule sidlulaamazinga ehlukene.

Isibungusichamuselekaemaqandeni.

Isigaba sokugcinasokuba yisibungu

siyaphuma emnenkenisihlambe.

Isigabasokugcina

sokubayisibungu

sinamathelaotshanini

nomaizimila.

Imbuzi idlaisibungunotshani.


ZIMPAWU ZINI OZIBONAYO?• Untwentwesi oluphaphathekile.• Ukulahlekelwa yisisindo. Esithombeni

ngenzansi, izimbuzi ezimaphakathi kanye nalezoezingakwesokudla zangenwa yizilo zesibindi.Zisesimweni esimbana sempilo kunezimbuziezingakwesobunxele ezingenazo izilo.

• Umhlathi othambile, nokungukuvuvukalaokuthambile ngaphansi kwesilevu sesilwane.(Kungenzeka ukubone lokhu nangokuguliswayizikelemu eziyizinsungulo - bona ikhasi 47.)

EZILWANENI EZIFILENEZIHLATSHIWE:

• Kunokopha esibindini.• Imigudu yenyongo esibindini igqinsile.• Kunezindawo eziqinile ezikhanyayo esibindini

(isifo semisipha).• Kuba nezilo zesibindi emihubheni yenyongo.• Esithombeni ngenzansi, izibindi

ezikwesobunxele kanye nalezo ezimaphakathizazinesifo sezilo zesibindi futhi zilinyazweyilokhu. Isibindi esikwesokudla sejwayelekile.

UKWELASHWA• Sebenzisa ikhambi elibhalisiwe lezikelemu

ezilwaneni zakho ngasekungenenikwentswasahlobo, maphakathi nehlobo kanyenasekupheleni kwekwindla noma ekuqalenikobusika.

• Uma izilo zesibindi zizimbi kakhulu, izilwanekungadingeka ukuba ziphinde zelashwengokwengezelela ehlobo.

• Uma ubulokhu welapha izilo zesibindi kodwakungabibikho ubungcono, kufanele ucele usizolukadokotela wezilwane wakho nomauchwepheshe wempilo yezilwane.

UKUVIMBELA• Uma kungenzeka, biyela amaxhaphozi,

imifudlana kanye namadamu ukuvimbelaizimbuzi ukuba ziye lapho.

• Henqa amadlelo angenazo izilo zesibindikulawo anazo.

• Amadlelo aziwayo ukuthi anezilo zesibindikufanele asetshenziswe ezinyangeni zokubusika,ngesikhathi isibalo sezilo siphansi kakhulu.


51


Izimbuzi ezizacile maphakathi nakwesokudlazathola isifo sezilo zobende. (Isithombe:

Shubh Mahato.)

Izilo zesibindi kungenzeka ukuthi zibeyinkinga uma izilwane zidla eceleni

kwamaxhaphozi. (Isithombe: Division ofParasitology, Onderstepoort Veterinary

Institute.)

Izibindi ezikwesobunxele nezimaphakathizalinyazwa yizilo zobende. Isibindi

esikwesokudla sejwayelekile. (Isithombe:Shubh Mahato.)



52


• Le sheduli elandelayo kufanele ibonwenjengesiqondiso nje kuphela. Xhumananodokotela wezilwane mayelana nohlelo ngqolokugoma izimbuzi zakho.

• Landela iziphakamiso zomkhiqizi umausebenzisa noma yimuphi umgomo.

• Bhekisisa iziphakamiso ezimayelananokusetshenziswa komgomo ezimbuziniezimithi.

Amazinyane - esontweni lokuqala lempilo• Isifo senhliziyo (xhumana udokotela wezilwane

wendawo)

Amazinyane - kusukela emasontweni amabiliubudala• I-Pasteurella (izikhathi ezimbili, kushiyane

ngamasonto amane)

Amazinyane - ngaphambi kokuwayekisaukuncela (ezinyangeni ezimbili kuyakwezinhlanu zobudala)• Isifo sezinso• I-Pasteurella• I-Blackquarter

Amazinyane - ezinyangeni eziyisithuphazobudala• Ulimi oluluhlaza (3 imigomo, kushiyane

ngamasonto amathathu)• Isifo sezinso• I-Blackquarter• Umbendeni• Amazinyane amaduna: ikhanda elivuvukele

(izikhathi ezimbili, kushiyane ngamasontoamane)

Izinsikazi nezingqama - entwasahlobo (Agasti- Septhemba eNingizimu Afrika)• Ulimi oluluhlaza (amasonto ayisishiyagalolunye

ngaphambi kokuzala kwezinsikazi kodwangemva kokuzalanisa ezingqameni; imijovoemithathu, kushiyane ngamasonto amathathu)

• Isifo sezintso• I-Blackquarter (amasonto amane ngaphambi

kokugundwa izimbuzi ama-Angora)• Umbendeni (amasonto amane ngaphambi

kokugundwa kwezimbuzi ama-Angora)

Izinsikazi nezingqama - ekwindla (Ephreli-Meyi eNingizimu Afrika)• I-Pasteurella

Izinsikazi - ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuzala• Ukuphunza (amasonto amane kuya

kwayisithupha ngaphambi kokuzala)

Izinsikazi - ngaphambi kwesikhathisokuzalanisa• Ibele eliluhlaza (Amasonto ayisithupha kuya

kwayisishiyagalombili kanye namasonto amabilikuya kwamane ngaphambi kokuzala).

• Isifo sokuqina kwemisipha (amasontoayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili kanyenamabili kuya kwamane ngaphambi kokuzala).

• Isifo samazolo (amasonto amane ngaphambikokuzala, uma kubonisiwe).

Izingqama - ngaphambi kwesikhathisokuzalanisa• Ikhanda elivuvukele

UUUU KKKK UUUU GGGG OOOO MMMM AAAA



ISBN-10 1-86849-341-5ISBN-13 978-1-86849-341-8


ISIZULU - arc.agric.za Catalogue Library/Goatkeepers... · INCWADI YOMFUYIZIMBUZI YOKUNAKEKELA IMPILO YEZILWANE IHLELWE NGO: A F Vatta, M A Abbott, J F de Villiers, S A Gumede, L

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