- 1. ENERGY-SMART FOODENERGY-SMART FOOD forfor People and
ClimatePeople and Climate EEnergy =nergy = mmeals xeals x
cclimatelimate cchangehange ISES 2013ISES 2013 Food versus FuelFood
versus Fuel Trondheim, 15 June, 2013Trondheim, 15 June, 2013
Professor Ralph Sims,Professor Ralph Sims, Massey University New
ZealandMassey University New Zealand
[email protected]@massey.ac.nz
2. New ZealandNew Zealand The Correct Map of the WorldThe
Correct Map of the World New ZealandNew Zealand 1.57 t CO1.57 t
CO22 emissions!!emissions!! TrondheimTrondheim 3. What is the
FOOD-ENERGYWhat is the FOOD-ENERGY problem?problem? The global
agri-food supply chain (fromThe global agri-food supply chain (from
paddock-paddock- to-plateto-plate) is heavily dependent on fossil
fuel inputs ) is heavily dependent on fossil fuel inputs both
direct and indirect.both direct and indirect. The post-warThe
post-war Green RevolutionGreen Revolution for OECDfor OECD
countries was largely based upon abundant suppliescountries was
largely based upon abundant supplies of cheap energy.of cheap
energy. Current concerns are mounting over oil/gas/coalCurrent
concerns are mounting over oil/gas/coal reserves and related
greenhouse gas emissions.reserves and related greenhouse gas
emissions. Modernizing food systems in developing
countriesModernizing food systems in developing countries today
simply by increasing fossil fuel inputs may notoday simply by
increasing fossil fuel inputs may no longer be feasible.longer be
feasible. So can renewable energy and energy efficiencySo can
renewable energy and energy efficiency improve global food supply
systems and provideimprove global food supply systems and provide
future water and food security in all countries?future water and
food security in all countries? 4. Food prices have recently
becomeFood prices have recently become strongly linked with oil/gas
prices.strongly linked with oil/gas prices. 5.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/01 Issue paper at 6. Shares of energy in
Agri-food supply chainShares of energy in Agri-food supply chain
Around 32% of the total global end-use energyAround 32% of the
total global end-use energy demand of ~300 EJ/yr is used for
providing food.demand of ~300 EJ/yr is used for providing food.
High-GDP countriesHigh-GDP countries ~ 35 GJ/capita/yr.~ 35
GJ/capita/yr. Low-GDP countriesLow-GDP countries ~ 8 GJ/capita/yr~
8 GJ/capita/yr. 7. Shares of greenhouse gas emissionsShares of
greenhouse gas emissions Around 22% of total global GHG
emissionsAround 22% of total global GHG emissions (~45 Gt CO /yr)
arise from the agri-food chain.(~45 Gt CO /yr) arise from the
agri-food chain.2-equiv2-equiv High-GDP countries ~2.20 t CO
/capita /yr Low-GDP countries ~1.16 t CO /capita/yr 2eq2eq 2eq2eq
8. Global food losses and food wasteGlobal food losses and food
waste We fail to consumeWe fail to consume around one third of
allaround one third of all food produced.food produced. This wastes
scarceThis wastes scarce land, water and energyland, water and
energy resources.resources. If we reduced half ofIf we reduced half
of this waste, could wethis waste, could we use more land foruse
more land for biomass production?biomass production? 9. Why is the
energy problemWhy is the energy problem complex?complex? All
agri-food systems depend upon energyAll agri-food systems depend
upon energy inputs regardless of scale.inputs regardless of scale.
Scales of an agri-food system range fromScales of an agri-food
system range from subsistence farmers growing food or
fishingsubsistence farmers growing food or fishing for their own
consumption,for their own consumption, family units supplying local
markets,family units supplying local markets, small businesses
employing a few staff,small businesses employing a few staff, large
corporate companies supplying hugelarge corporate companies
supplying huge supermarket chains across the world.supermarket
chains across the world. They each have different energy use
inputThey each have different energy use input levels, but all can
use energy more wiselylevels, but all can use energy more wisely
and utilize more local renewable energy.and utilize more local
renewable energy. 10. AA low inputlow input agri-food /energy
systemagri-food /energy system 11. A low input agri-food /energy
system 12. AA low inputlow input food /energy systemfood /energy
system 13. AA high inputhigh input food / energy systemfood /
energy system 14. A high input agri-food/energy system 15. Energy
efficiency opportunitiesEnergy efficiency opportunities are
widespread throughout theare widespread throughout the agri-food
supply chainagri-food supply chain 16. Energy efficiencyEnergy
efficiency opportunities are widespreadopportunities are widespread
throughout the agri-foodthroughout the agri-food supply chainsupply
chain 17. IPCC - Special Report on RenewableIPCC - Special Report
on Renewable Energy and Climate ChangeEnergy and Climate Change
Mitigation July, 2011.Mitigation July, 2011. can enhance access to
reliable,can enhance access to reliable, affordable and clean
modern energyaffordable and clean modern energy services;services;
is particularly well-suited for remoteis particularly well-suited
for remote rural populations; andrural populations; and in many
instances can provide thein many instances can provide the lowest
cost option for energy access.lowest cost option for energy access.
RENEWABLE ENERGY:RENEWABLE ENERGY: 18. RE costs are often higher
than current energyRE costs are often higher than current energy
prices but can be competitive in various settings.prices but can be
competitive in various settings. 22 19. Launched 2 days
ago!Launched 2 days ago! World invested $244 billion in
renewableWorld invested $244 billion in renewable energy in
2012.energy in 2012. Shift of investment to developingShift of
investment to developing countries.countries. Countries, companies
and communities areCountries, companies and communities are seizing
the linkages between low carbonseizing the linkages between low
carbon Green Economies and a future of energyGreen Economies and a
future of energy access and security, sustainable livelihoodsaccess
and security, sustainable livelihoods and a stabilised climate.and
a stabilised climate. 20. REN21 Global Status Report 2013 Biomass
use breakdown 2012Biomass use breakdown 2012 21. Biofuel trends
2000 -2012 REN21 Global Status Report 2013 22. GHG emission
reduction is but oneGHG emission reduction is but one indicator for
the best use of theindicator for the best use of the limited
biomass resource use.limited biomass resource use. 23. Aim: To
provide an update of recent scientific findings to assist GEF
formulate its strategies and priorities for GEF-6, and help the
world move towards a low- carbon, green economy. 24. Smart
agriculture aims to reduce fossil fuel, chemicals and water inputs,
as well as GHG emissions, without compromising food security. A
sustainable land, energy and water management approach can bring
about complementarities between food security, ecosystem
resilience, climate change adaptation and mitigation, and
management of green chemicals. 25. What is the solution?What is the
solution? Energy-Smart is Climate-Energy-Smart is Climate-
SmartSmart 26. So Energy-Smart food:So Energy-Smart food: improves
access to modern energy services forimproves access to modern
energy services for energy-poor subsistence farmers and fishers
toenergy-poor subsistence farmers and fishers to provide increased
food supply and security;provide increased food supply and
security; ensures energy inputs, from whatever sources, areensures
energy inputs, from whatever sources, are used more efficiently
than at present along the entireused more efficiently than at
present along the entire agri-food supply chain;agri-food supply
chain; reduces the energy intensity (MJ / kg of foodreduces the
energy intensity (MJ / kg of food product) of both direct and
indirect energy inputs;product) of both direct and indirect energy
inputs; captures the renewable energy sources availablecaptures the
renewable energy sources available and uses them to displace fossil
fuels;and uses them to displace fossil fuels; simultaneously
enhances food security,simultaneously enhances food security,
sustainable development, climate change mitigation,sustainable
development, climate change mitigation, and helps deliver
resilience to climate impacts.and helps deliver resilience to
climate impacts. 27. In summaryIn summary The global agri-food
supply chain can beThe global agri-food supply chain can be
decoupled from its dependency on fossildecoupled from its
dependency on fossil fuels in order to meet future food
demands.fuels in order to meet future food demands. Reducing the
energy intensity is technicallyReducing the energy intensity is
technically possible at all levels along the food chain.possible at
all levels along the food chain. Renewable energy deployment can
helpRenewable energy deployment can help improve energy access,
food security, priceimprove energy access, food security, price
fluctuations and climate change resilience.fluctuations and climate
change resilience. Policies developed to drive the transition
toPolicies developed to drive the transition to Energy and
Climate-Smart healthy food needEnergy and Climate-Smart healthy
food need to be long term and visionary.to be long term and
visionary. Avoiding food waste should be a high priorityAvoiding
food waste should be a high priority to free up land, water and
energy inputs.to free up land, water and energy inputs. But time is
running out.But time is running out. 28. Future integration of the
agri-food and energyFuture integration of the agri-food and energy
sectors in a landscape perspective to give asectors in a landscape
perspective to give a sustainable and secure future.sustainable and
secure future.