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ISA Sensitization Seminar ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 2830, 2011 Judge Winston Anderson Caribbean Court of Justice Caribbean Court of Justice Formerly: Professor of International Law , Faculty of Law, University of the West Indies; General Counsel, CARICOM; Executive Director of Caribbean Law Institute Centre * Any views expressed herein are personal and preliminary and do not reflect my judicial position preliminary and do not reflect my judicial position.
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ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

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Page 1: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

ISA Sensitization SeminarISA Sensitization SeminarKingston, Jamaica, March 28‐30, 2011

Judge Winston AndersonCaribbean Court of JusticeCaribbean Court of Justice

Formerly: Professor of  International Law, Faculty of y , yLaw, University of the West Indies; General Counsel, CARICOM; Executive Director of Caribbean Law 

Institute Centre 

* Any views expressed herein are personal and preliminary and do not reflect my judicial positionpreliminary and do not reflect my judicial position.

Page 2: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Wednesday, 30 March 2011

SESSION SESSION 3:The Caribbean and the ConventionThe Caribbean and the Convention

Page 3: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Definitional issues “The Convention”

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, adopted on 10 December  1982; entered into force  16 

b (“ h ” h “November 1994 (“the Convention” or the “Montego Bay Convention” or “LOSC”)

Page 4: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

LOSC and other conventions Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, (VCLT) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, (VCLT) 1969 Article 34P t l   Bi f t    (Bi t h  )  Protocol on Bio‐safety 2000 (Biotech case) 

LOSC, Article 311  1958 Geneva Conventions1958 Geneva Conventions

LOSC & supplementary agreements Part XI (“the Area”)S ddli  S k Straddling Stocks

LOSC, Part XII MARPOL & Civil Liability ConventionsMARPOL & Civil Liability Conventions

Page 5: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

LOSC and “Caribbean” Part IX, LOSC:

“…means a gulf, basin or sea surrounded by two or more States and connected to two or more States and connected to another sea or the ocean by a narrow outlet or consisting entirely or primarily of the or consisting entirely or primarily of the territorial seas and exclusive economic zones of two or more coastal States ” zones of two or more coastal States…  

Page 6: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

The Wider Caribbean

Page 7: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Other meanings “Caribbean”

Definition based on colonial legacy“C lth C ibb ”    “Commonwealth Caribbean” or “Anglophone Caribbean”g p“Dutch Caribbean”“ h bb ”“French Caribbean”“Latin America” / & Caribbean Latin America  / & Caribbean

Page 8: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Caribbean Defined by IntegrationCaribbean Defined by Integration Treaty Arrangements

f bbOrganization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), Treaty of Basseterre, 1981, 2009C ibb  C i  (CARICOM)  d  Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME), Treaty of Chaguaramas 1973  Revised Treaty of Treaty of Chaguaramas 1973, Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas 2001

CARICOM and Dominican Republic CARICOM and Dominican Republic (CARIFORUM)

Association of Caribbean States (ACS) 1994Association of Caribbean States (ACS) 1994

Page 9: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

CARICOMCARICOM CARICOM Single Market and EconomyCaribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) Revised Treaty and Caribbean SeayMembershipAntigua and Barbuda  Bahamas  Barbados  Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica  St  Lucia  St  Vincent and the Jamaica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, Suriname  Trinidad and TobagoSuriname, Trinidad and Tobago

Page 10: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

The Caribbean CommunityThe Caribbean Community (CARICOM)

o

Page 11: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

CARICOM and the Convention:Symbiotic relationship

Participation in negotiation, evolution, and crafting of text (Group of 77)Pl   f  d i   f C i   d l i   f    Place of adoption of Convention and location of a critical institution of the Convention (ISA)

Entry into force  Entry into force  Definition of CARICOM States; maritime entitlements and responsibilitiesand responsibilities

Strengthening the rule of the Convention

Page 12: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

1 A f C i1. Acceptance of ConventionCountry  LOSC 1994 Part XI Straddling stocks

Antigua and Barbuda 20/2/1989

The Bahamas 29/07/1983 28/07/1995 16/07/1997

Barbados 12/10/1993 28/07/1995 22/09/2000

Belize 10/08/1983 21/10/1994 14/07/2005

Dominica 24/10/1991

Guyana 16/11/1993 25/09/2008

Haiti 31/07/1996 31/07/1996

Page 13: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Acceptance of Convention Country  LOSC 1994 Part XI Straddling stocksy 994 g

Jamaica 20/2/1989 28/07/1995 (s)

Montserrat (vide United Kingdom)

29/07/1983 28/07/1995 16/07/1997

St. Kitts & Nevis 12/10/1993 25/07/1997/ / 993 5/ 7/ 997

St. Lucia 10/08/1983 21/10/1994 9/8/1996

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

24/10/1991 29/10/2010

Suriname 16/11/1993 9/07/1998

Trinidad and Tobago 31/07/1996 28/07/1997 13/09/2006

Page 14: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Issues arising from acceptance CARICOM not a party Declarations and statements: Articles 309, 310 Position of other Caribbean States (esp., United States, Venezuela)C  l   d  h   i Customary law and the convention

Nicaragua v United States [1986] ICJ Rep. 14 N th S  C ti t l Sh lf [ 6 ] ICJ R   North Sea Continental Shelf [1969] ICJ Rep. 3 VCLT, Article 34 Libya v Malta [1985] ICJ Rep   13 Libya v Malta [1985] ICJ Rep.  13

Page 15: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

2. Maritime jurisdiction Extended maritime zones

Enormous potential for economic development Tourism, fisheries, bio‐chemicals,  energy

Archipelagic statusA ti  & B b d  Th  B h  J i  St  Vi t  Antigua & Barbuda; The Bahamas; Jamaica; St. Vincent and the Grenadines; Trinidad and Tobago

12‐mile territorial sea 12 mile territorial sea  200‐mile exclusive economic zone  (EEZ) or exclusive fisheries zone (EFZ)

200‐mile continental shelf

Page 16: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Legislation on maritime areasg UK Territorial Waters Act 1878 Antigua and Barbuda:  Maritime Areas Act 1982 g 9(18/1982)

The Bahamas: The Archipelagic Waters and Maritime d  A    (     f  )Jurisdiction Act 1993 (No. 37 of 1993)

Barbados:  Barbados Territorial Waters Act 1977 (cap. 386)  Marine Boundaries and Jurisdiction Act (cap  386), Marine Boundaries and Jurisdiction Act (cap. 387)

Belize: Maritime Areas Act 1992 (cap. 11)Belize: Maritime Areas Act 1992 (cap. 11) Dominica: The Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive Economic Zone and Fisheries 1981 (Act No. 26 of 1981)

Page 17: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Legislation cont’dg Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime  Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318)

Guyana: Maritime Boundaries Act 1977 (Act No. 10 of 1977)

  l      A    (A     f  Jamaica: Exclusive Economic Zone Act 1991 (Act 33 of 1991)

St  Kitts and Nevis:  Maritime Areas Act 1984 (3/1984) St. Kitts and Nevis:  Maritime Areas Act 1984 (3/1984) St. Lucia: Maritime Areas Act 1984 (cap. 116) St  Vincent and Grenadines: Maritime Areas Act (cap   St. Vincent and Grenadines: Maritime Areas Act (cap. 333)

Trinidad and Tobago: Archipelagic Waters & Exclusive g p gEconomic Zone Act (chap 51:06)

Page 18: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Issues in maritime jurisdiction l i l tilegislation

h l f l ( ) Rights to exploitation of natural resources (NIEO)

R ibili   f f i         i   Responsibility of foreign states to respect sovereignty and sovereign rights

Page 19: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Nicaragua v United States :Nicaragua v United States :  “The duty of every State to respect the territorial 

i   f  h  i    b   id d f   h  sovereignty of others is to be considered for the appraisal to be made of the facts relating to the mining which occurred along Nicaragua’s coasts  mining which occurred along Nicaraguas coasts… The laying of the mines within the ports of another State is governed by the law relating to internal g y gwaters, which are subject to the sovereignty of the coastal state. The position is similar as regards mines placed in the territorial sea. It is therefore the sovereignty of the coastal state which is affected in such cases ”affected in such cases.

Page 20: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

‘Cruising’ US$ 50b

70% of all cruises take place in the North American region where the Caribbean Islands are the most popular destinations

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_ship

Page 21: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

MS Majesty of the Seas 

Page 22: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Thousands turn out for Oasis of the Seas, Falmouth, Jamaica Gleaner, Friday, March 25, 2011

Page 23: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Cruising and maritime zones EEZ:

Rights of coastal states: living & non‐living resources; d “ th   ti iti  f   i   l it ti ”and “other activities for economic exploitation…”

Rights of other states: navigation; over‐flight; laying of sub‐marine cables and pipelinesp p

Territorial sea:  Sovereignty subject to right of innocent passage

Page 24: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Extended continental shelves Natural prolongation beyond 200 m Natural prolongation beyond 200 m Legislation claims up to edge of continental margin: Antigua and Barbuda, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts g , y , J ,Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago 

2006 CARICOM LAC Meeting in St Lucia Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf: Barbados  Suriname  Trinidad and TobagoBarbados, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago

Notes verbales: Suriname, T&T, Venezuela CARICOM/CARIFORUM collaboration? CARICOM/CARIFORUM collaboration?

Page 25: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

3. FisheriesFisheries: jobs, income, food (protein), tourism

ACS/UWI Study > 504,913 jobs > US$1 billion in exports > 7% of total protein consumption in the Caribbean

Page 26: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Fisheries cont’d 1995 Straddling Stocks Agreement: (6) (St. Lucia 995 St add g Stoc s g ee e t: (6) (St. uc a(1996), Bahamas (1997), Barbados (2000), Belize (2005), Trinidad and Tobago (2006), and St. Vincent 

d  h  G di  ( )and the Grenadines (2010) International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT): (5) Montserrat (1995)  Trinidad Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT): (5) Montserrat (1995), Trinidad and Tobago (1999), Barbados (2000), Belize (2005), and St. Vincent and the Grenadines (2006)

International Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)

Page 27: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Common Fisheries Policy CARICOM H d   f G t CARICOM Heads of Government Conference 2003

Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism (CRFM)The Montego Bay ConventionThe Revised TreatyyReserved areas for nationalsNon‐CARICOM Caribbean statesNon CARICOM Caribbean states

Page 28: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

4. Navigation Caribbean legislation and navigational rightsg

WarshipsNuclear wasteNuclear waste

Page 29: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

5. Pollution Article 56 Part XII: apply “generally accepted rules and standards 

bli h d b    i i l  i i ”established by competent international organizations” MARPOL 73/78 OPPRC 1990 OPPRC 1990

Merchant Shipping (Oil Pollution) Act (Chapter 275), (The Bahamas)(The Bahamas)

Shipping (Oil Pollution) Act (Cap. 296A), (Barbados)

Page 30: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Pollution and wider Caribbean Part IX: semi‐enclosed sea The Caribbean Environment Programme (CEP)/(RCU)

The Cartagena Convention, 1983 The Oil Spill Protocol 1983S i ll  P t t d A   d Wildlif  P t l  Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife Protocol 1990

Land‐Based Pollution Protocol 1999

Page 31: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

MARPOL special area status L Davidson and K Gjerde, “Special Area Status for the Wider Caribbean Region …”A  I ( il)  Annex I (oil) 

Annex II (noxious liquid substances) A  V ( b )  M     Annex V (garbage), May 1, 2011

Page 32: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Annex V Regulation 5 (2)  (a) disposal into the sea of the following is prohibited:  (i) all plastics, including but not limited to synthetic 

  h i  fi hi     l i   b  b   d ropes, synthetic fishing nets, plastic garbage bags and incinerator ashes from plastic products which may contain toxic or heavy metal residues; and contain toxic or heavy metal residues; and 

(ii) all other garbage, including paper products, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery, dunnage, lining and g y g gpacking materials;

Page 33: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Annex V Regulation 5 (2) cont’d (b) except as provided in subparagraph (c) of this paragraph, disposal into the sea of food wastes shall be made as far as practicable from land  but in any case made as far as practicable from land, but in any case not less than 12 nautical miles from the nearest land; 

(c) disposal into the Wider Caribbean Region of food (c) disposal into the Wider Caribbean Region of food wastes which have been passed through a comminuteror grinder shall be made as far as practicable from land, but in any case not less than 3 nautical miles from the nearest land. Such comminuted or ground food wastes shall be capable of passing through a food wastes shall be capable of passing through a screen with openings no greater than 25mm

Page 34: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

6. Dispute settlementPart XV, UNCLOS International Tribunal on Law of the Sea International Tribunal on Law of the Sea (“ITLOS”) 

International Court of Justice (ICJ) International Court of Justice (ICJ)Arbitral Tribunal under Annex VII 

l b l dSpecial Tribunal under Annex VIII 

Page 35: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

(a) Boundary delimitation Barbados / Trinidad and Tobago Maritime Delimitation (Annex VII Tribunal), April 11, 2006

Circumstances of a  dispute Unilateral invocation of settlement regime Equidistance and special circumstances Agreements with third states Limits to jurisdiction

Page 36: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Boundary delimitation cont’d Guyana/Suriname Arbitration (Annex VII Tribunal), September 17, 2007

Jurisdiction and land boundaryU   f f Use of force

Page 37: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

(b) P l / ib d(b) Prompt release/prescribed measuresmeasuresM/V Saiga; Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, 459 (1998)

Annex VII/ITLOS Promptness of release had a value in itself independent of the question of the bond

Prescribed measures Judge Eddie Lang

Page 38: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

7. Deep Sea Bed mining (ISA) Institutions: 

Council  LTC

Activities in the areaAd i  O i i  S b d Ch b  ITLOS  F b   Advisory Opinion, Seabed Chamber, ITLOS, Feb. 2011

National under effective control “Due diligence” Due diligence

Endowment Fund Equitable distribution of benefitsEquitable distribution of benefits

Page 39: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

8. Special area for sustainable d ldevelopmentAssociation of Caribbean States Initiative, 1999UNCLOS, Articles 56, Part XIICartagena Convention and ProtocolsCartagena Convention and ProtocolsMARPOL special area status

Page 40: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Revised TreatyARTICLE 141

Special Status of the Caribbean SeaThe Member States shall co‐operate in achievinginternational recognition for the Caribbean Sea asa Special Area requiring protection from thepotentially harmful effects of the transit of nuclearand other hazardous wastes dumping pollution byand other hazardous wastes, dumping, pollution byoil or by any other substance carried by sea orwastes generated through the conduct of shipwastes generated through the conduct of shipoperations.

Page 41: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

The ACS and the Caribbean Sea Address management of the wider Caribbean sea as a single large marine ecosystem (LME) 

Objective are to:Objective are to: develop a holistic governance framework that enables all stakeholders to contribute to managing the Caribbean sea in a manner that maintains its goods and services that are in a manner that maintains its goods and services that are essential to human well‐being

contribute to the implementation of Resolution 57/261 of h  G l A bl   f  h  U i d N i   d d     the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted on 20 December 2003 “Promoting an Integrated Management  Approach to the Caribbean sea in the context of 

i bl  d l ”sustainable development”

Page 42: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Objectives of the ACS project To advance the case for recognition of theCaribbean sea by the international communityy yas a “Special Area in the Context ofSustainable Development” which is on theA d hi h h A d f h UNAgenda which was on the Agenda of the UNGeneral Assembly in 2010

The ACS’ Caribbean Sea Commission

Page 43: ISA Sensitization Seminar Kingston, Jamaica, March 28 30, 2011Legislation cont’d Grenada: Territorial Sea and Maritime Boundaries Act 1990 (cap. 318) Guyana: Maritime Boundaries

Arguments in favor of ACS project  The Caribbean sea is special because it has: the most geopolitical components of complexity of any l   i      (LME) i   h   ldlarge marine ecosystem ecosystem (LME) in the world

the highest number of maritime boundaries of any LME in the worldLME in the world

the largest number of small island developing states (SIDS) in the world(SIDS) in the world

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Caribbean dependence on the sea Tourism Goods produced or provided by ecosystems

F d   fi h Food e.g., fish Freshwater Bio‐chemicals

Non‐material benefits obtained by ecosystems Recreational Aesthetic Inspirational Educational  Educational 

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Challenges to ACS Project  Impact of a complex mixture of stakeholders from within and outside the regiongGeopolitical make‐up of CaribbeanCaribbean as shipping routeCaribbean as shipping routeForeign fishers

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C l di kConcluding remarks Mr. Chairman, I hope that I have said enough in this gbrief excursus to support my starting premise that there is a special, even symbiotic relationship between the Convention and the Caribbean  particularly the the Convention and the Caribbean, particularly the small states of the CARICOM region. The Convention has strengthened the maritime profile of these g pcountries and enhanced their potential for economic advancement and these States have provided 

t iti  f   l ifi ti   d  th it ti  opportunities for clarification and authoritative assertion of the rules of the Convention. I am sure that the opportunities for further collaboration with the ppISA will open up even more promising vistas.

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Thank you!

M  J i  Wi  A d  JCCJ© Mr. Justice Winston Anderson, JCCJ©