Is there a Fungus among us?. The Kingdom Fungi Fungi are not plants, they are eukaryotic (have nucleus) heterotrophs (rely on other organisms for food)

Is there a Fungus among us?

The Kingdom Fungi

• Fungi are not plants, they are eukaryotic (have nucleus) heterotrophs (rely on other organisms for food) that have cell walls.

• Fungus = one• Fungi = more than one

Fact:• One of the largest living organisms on earth

belongs to the Fungi kingdom. A large honey mushroom patch, originating from a single spore, grows in the Malheur National Forest in eastern Oregon. The mushroom, Armillaria ostoyae, lives three feet underground is estimated to cover 2,200 acres. After testing samples from various locations, scientists say it is all one organism. The fungus is 3.5 miles across and takes up 1,665 football fields. Experts estimate that the giant mushroom is at least 2,400 years old. It is about 38 acres in size and is estimated to weigh more than 100 tons, about as much as a blue whale!

How do they eat with no mouth?

• They do not ingest their food. They digest food outside of their bodies and absorb it. Many absorb nutrients from decaying matter or live as parasites.

Parts of a Fungus

• HyphaeHyphae--thin one-thin one-cell thin filaments cell thin filaments that run that run throughout the throughout the fungus, fungus, spreading and spreading and branching as the branching as the fungus grows; fungus grows;

Parts of a Fungus• MyceliumMycelium –tangled mass of –tangled mass of

hyphae: releases digestive hyphae: releases digestive enzymes and absorbs enzymes and absorbs

foodfood

• Fruiting body-Fruiting body- reproductive reproductive structurestructure, , ex. the cap of ex. the cap of a mushrooma mushroom

ReproductionFungus can reproduce both sexually

and asexually• Asexual – two kinds

– produce spores – a piece of hyphae can break off and

grow a new fungus• Sexual – two hyphae of opposite

sex(+ and -) fuse their nuclei and create genetic diversity

The evil hand produces a cloud of spores.

Asex

Sex

Four Fungus groups

• Common mold – Zygomycota

• Sac fungi – Ascomycota

• Club fungi – Basidiomycota

• Imperfect fungi - Deuteromycota

Common Molds

• Have two kinds of hyphae:– Rhizoids – root like,

anchor fungus, release digestive enzymes

– Stolons – stem like, have sporangiophores which can contain up to 40,000 spores

•Phylum zygomycota

Ex. Bread mold•Life cycle includeszygospore (a resting spore that contains zygotes – sex cells)

Common mold structure

Sac Fungi

• Ascus – sac like structure that contains spores, part of fruiting body

• Produce tiny spores, which are produced by budding,called conidia, formed in conidiophores

• Yeast – single celled organisms produced by budding

Phylum Ascomycota ex. Yeast, cup fungi

Sac Fungus Life Cycle

Club Fungi•Phylum Basidiomycota

•Ex. Grocery store mushroom

Basidium – found on gills under cap of mushroom, spores found here

Club Fungus Parts

Base

Imperfect Fungus

• Composed of fungi that do not fit in any other phylum, because we have never been able to see the sexual phase of their life cycle.

• Ex. Penicillium – source of antibiotic penicillin

Phylum Deueteromycota

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Lichen

• Symbiotic(2 organisms living together)- a union between fungus and algae . The algae provide nutrients while the fungus protects them from the elements. The result is a new organism distinctly different from its component species.

•lichen can dissolve rock, survive severe cold, and remain dormant for long periods without harm.

Lichen

• Algae: provides food by photosynthesis

• Fungus: shelter and hold in moisture

True or False?

People began eating mushrooms only a century ago.

False

• Although mushrooms have been cultivated commercially in the U.S. for about a century, they've been considered a delicacy since ancient times. In fact, Romans fed this "food of the gods" to soldiers before battle.

True or False?

•Mushrooms have no nutritional value

.

False

•They contain essential amino acids, potassium, some B vitamins and some minerals.

True or False?

•Mushrooms are low in calories.

True

True or False?

•Poisonous species of mushrooms look different from edible ones.

False

•They may look almost identical.

True or False?

•Mushrooms do not undergo photosynthesis.

True

True or False?

•Fungus can travel at a greater acceleration than any other living thing.

True, kind a• One species, a Pilobolus, releases its

spores via a “water cannon” at a force of 180,000 g’s. A top roller coaster has an acceleration of 8-10 g’s.

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