IS standard 3400

lndiun Standard

METHODSOFTESTFORVULCANIZEDRUBBERS PART2 HARDNESS

( Second Revision J

First Reprint APRIL 1998

CIDC 678*43 : 620*178-l

8 BIS 1995

RUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 RAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002 ,

March 1995 Price Group 4

Kuhbcr Products Sectional Committee, PCD 13

FOREWORI)

This Indian Standard ( Part 2 ) ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Staudards, after the draft finalized by the Rubber Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Petroleum, Coal and Related Products Division Council.

This standard was first published in 1965 and revised in 1980 to include mainly the testing of thin pieces of rubber by a scaled-down version ( micro-test ) of the normal test to align it with IS0 48:1979 Vulcanized rubbers - Determination of hardness ( hardness between 30 and 85 JRHD ) published by the International Organization for Standardization. There was one more IS0 Specification IS0 1818 : 1975 Vulcanized rubbers of low hardness ( 10 to 35 IRHD ) - Determination of hardness. Revision of IS0 48 : 1979 was made in 1987 for determination of hardness of vulcanized rubbers ( hardness between 10 and 100 LRHD ). Consequently this Indian Standard has been revised to align it kvith ISO/DIS 48 ( under print ).

The hardness test specified in this second revision is intended to provide a rapid measurement of rubber stiffness, unlike hardness test on other materials which measure resistance to permanent deformation or to abrasion.

Hardness is measured from the depth of indentation of a spherical indentor under a specified load into a rubber test piece. The measured indentation is converted into international rubber hardness degree, the scale of degrees being so chosen that zero represents the hardness of a material having an elastic modulus of zero and 100 represents the hardness of a material of infinite elasticity modulus and so that the following conditions are fulfilled over most of the normal range of hardness:

a) one International rubber hardness degree always represents approximately the same propor- tionate difference in Youngs Modulus, and

b) for highly elastic rubbers, the scale of international rubber hardness degrees and the Shore A durometer are comparable.

For substantially elastic isotropic materials like well vulcanized natural rubbers, the hardness in international rubber hardness degrees bears a known relation to Youngs Modulus, although for markedly plastic or anisotropic rubbers, the relationship will be less precisely known.

In reporting the result of a test-or analysis, made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

IS34OO(Part2):1995

Indian Standard

METHODSOFTESTFORVULCANIZEDRUBBERS PART 2 HARDNESS

( Second Revision )

1 SCOPE

This standard prescribes four tnethods for the deter- tnirtatiou of hardttess of vulcattized rubbers ott flat surfaces:

Met/t&N: Detertnittatiott of hardness (Nortnal test) Merlwd H: Detertttinatiott of hardttess

(High ltardttess test) Metlwd L: Detertnittation of hardness

(Low hardttess test) Method M: Deterntittatiott of hardttess (Micro-test)

and four tnethods for the detertninatiott of apparettt hardttess of curved surfaces usittg Methods N, H, Lattd M respectiv,ely: Methods ( CN, CH, CL attd CM ).

The methods differ pritttarily in the diattteter of the ittdetttittg ball attd the tnagttihtde of the ittdetttittg force, these being chosen b suit the particular application. The rattge of applicability of each is detailed below:

Method N: The ttormal test for hardttess is the appropriate tttethod for test pieces of thickness greater thatt 4 mtn attd is preferably used for rubbers in the rattge of 35 to 85 IRHD but may be used for those in the range 30 to 95 IRHD. Merlwd H: The appropriate method for test pieces of thickness greater than 4 mm and of hardness itt the rattge 85 to 100 IRHD. MelCwd L: The appropriate tnethod for test pieces of thickness greater thatt 6 tnm attd hardttess in the rattge of 10 to 35 W-ID. NOTE - The value of hardness obtained by the Method N within the ranges 85 to 95 IRHD and 30 to 35 IRHD may not agree precisely with that obtained using Method N or Method Lrespectively. The difference is not normally significant for technical purposes.

MethodM: The micro-test for hardttess is essetttial- ly a scaled-down versiott of the ttortnal test Method N pertttittittg testittg of thitttter attd stttaller test pieces. It is the appropriate tnethod for test pieces of thickttess less thatt 4 mnt attd is preferably tised for rubbers itt the rattge 35 to 85 IRHD but tttay be used for those in the rattge 30 to 95 IRHD. NOTE - Because of various surface. effects in the rubber and of any slight surface roughness (produced for example, by huffing), the micro-test will not always give results agreeing with those obtained by the normal test.

Methods CN, CH, CL and CM: Apparettf hardttess tests ott curved surface. These methods are tnoditicatiotts of the tttethods givett itt Methods N, H, L attd M for cases where

the rubber surface tested is curve. Two cases de- pettdettt on whether

4

b)

the test piece or article tested is large cuottgh for the hardttess ittstrutttettt to rest upott it, or stttall enough for both the test piece and the ittstrutttettt lo rest upott a cottttttott support are accottt- tttodated. A variattt of(b) would be where the test piece rests ou tht, specitttett table ofthe ittstrutnettt.

The procedures described cattttot provide for all possible shapes attd ditttettsiotts of test pieces but cover sotne of the cottttttottest types such as 0 rittgs. Cott- sequetttly this method is ttot suitable for testittg of tttaterials ordittarily classified as ebonite, latex film, spottge attd cellular rubber.

2 TERMINOLOGY

2.1 stress

The average load per unit area of the origittal cross-sectiott.

2.2 Strain

The alteratiott of the shape or ditttettsiott rcsttltittg tiottt stress, this alteratiott beittg expressed as it fraction 01 the original shape. or ditnettsiott.

2.3 Youngs Modulus

The ratio of either littear cotttpressivc stress to littrar cotttpressive straitt, or tettsile stress to tensile straitt, whett the straitt is very stnall.

2.4 Hardness

The resistattce to the indentation.

2.5 Standard Hardness (Denoted IBY the Letter S)

The hardttess .reporled to the ttearest whole ttutttbcr itt ittterttatiottal rubber hardness degree obtained usittg the procedures described in Mehtods N, H, L attd M ott lest pieces of the stattdard Ihickttess and ttot less than the tttittitttuttt lateral ditttettsiotts specified.

2.6 Apparent Hardness

The hardttess reported to the nearest whole ttutnbrr in ittterttatiottal rubber hardttess degrees obtaitted ttsittg the procedures described itt Methods N, H, Lattd M on test pieces of non-standard ditttettsiotts attd using Methods CN, CH, CL attd CM.

NOTE - Values obtained by Methods

IS 3400 ( Part 2 ) : 1995

thickness of the rubbers will vary and in many cases the lateral dimensions will not provide the minimum distance between the indentor and the edge necessary to eliminate edge effects. The readings obtained, therefore, do not in general coincide with readings on standard test pieces as defined in Methods N, H, L or M or on a tlat parallel-face slab of the same thickness as the article. Moreover, the readings may depend appreciably on the methods of support of the articles and whether or not a pressure foot has been used. It should, therefore, be recognized that test results on curved surfaces are arbitrary values applicable only to the test pieces or articles of one particular shape and dimen- sion supported in one particular way, and which in ex- treme cases may differ from the standard hardness by as much as 10 IRHD. Furthermore, surfaces that have been buffed or otherwise prepared to remove cloth-marking, etc, will giveslightly different hardness values from those with a smooth, moulded finish.

3 PRINCIPLE

3.1 The bardttess test consists in nteasttrig the difference betweeu the depths of ittdentation of a ball into the rubber under a small contact force and a large total force. Fro111 this ditterettce, tttultiplied when using the t&o-test by the scale factor 6, the hardness in ittterttatiottal rubber harduess degree is obtained by using Tables 3 to 5 or on graphs based ott these tables, or a scale reading directly in IRHD and calculated from the tables, fitted to the indentation-measurittg instrutttettt. These tables and curves are derived frottt the empirical relationship between ittdetttatiott depth and hardness.

3.2 The relatiott betweett the difference of ittdetttatiott and the hardttess expressed in intentatiottal rubber hardness degree is based ott:

a) the kttown relation, for a perfectly elastic isotropic material, betweett ittdetttation P, expressed in huttdredtlts of a millitttetre and Yottttgs Modulus M, expressed in tttegayascals, ttatttel y

b)

where.

F = the indenting force, expressed in Newtons; attd

R = the radius of the ball, expressed itt tnillimetre; and

the use of a probit (integrated normal error) curve to relate log&4 to the hardness in in- terttatiottal rubber hardttess degrees, as showtt in Fig. 1, 2 attd 3. This curve is defitted as 1) the value of logl& corresponding to the

mid-point of the curve = 0.364 (M being expressed in megapascals per square tnetre);

2) the maxintutn slope = 57 international rubber hardttess degree per uttit increase in loglo M.

4 APPARATIJS

4.1 For Methods N, H, Land M

The essetttial parts of the apparatus are as follows, the appropriate dintettsions and forces being shown in Table 1.

4.1.1 Vertical Plunger

Havittg a rigid ball or spherical surface on the lower end attd means for supporfittg the plunger so that the spherical tip is kept slightly above the surface of the atutular foot prior to applying the cotttact force.

4.1.2 Means for Applying a Contact Force and an Additional Indenting Force to the Plunger

Making allowance for the mass of plttttger including any fittittgs attached to it attd for the force of any sprittg acting on it, so that the forces actually transmitted through the spherical end of the plunger shall be as specified.

97.8 100 90

80

70 A0 Iv, 60 51.7

ob 50

z% sg

40.0 40

g=

29.8

20.9 30 20

8.0 10

3.1 1.0 1.4 1.8 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8

LOGloE (E EXPRESSED IN MEGAPASCALS)

FIG. 1 &3.,UlON OF hc;,, E n, HARDNESS IN IRHD FROM 0 TO 100

ISMOO(Part2):1995

measuring device, so that a measurement is made of the movement of the plunger relative to the foot (that IS, the top surface of the test piece, not relative to the surface supporting the test piece).

4.1.3 Means for Measuring the Increase in Depth of

/ Indentation of the Plunger

It is caused by the indenting force, either in metric units or reading directly in RI-ID. The means employed may be mechanical, optical or electrical.

. . . .

40.6 40

30

20

10

\ ul l.2 1.4 l.6 l.6 0 0.2

LOG, oE :E;PEMED, IN

FIG. 2 RELATION OF Loq,, E TO HARDNESS IN IRHDFROM3?D40

4.1.4 Flat Annular Foot

Normal to the axis of the plunger and having a central hole for the passage of the plunger. The foot rests on the test pieces and exerts a pressure on it of 30 * 5 kPa

(30 f 5 KN/m*), provided that total load on the foot does not fall outside the values given in Table 1. The foot shall be rigidly connected to the indentation-

67.6 l/i i i i i

FIG. 3 RELA~ON OFLCX+~ E TD HARDNESS LN IRHD FROM 80 TO 100

4.1.5 Means for Gently Virating t/w Apparatus

For example,an electrically operated buzzer, to overcome any slight friction. (This may be omitted in instruments where friction is completely eliminated).

4.1.6 Chamber for the Test Piece

Wheel tests are made at temperatures other than a standard laboratory temperature. This chamber shall be equipped with means of maintaining the temperature

within 2C of the desired value. The foot and vertical plunger shall extend through the top of the chamber,

Table 1 Forces and Dimensions of Apparatus ( Clauses 4.1 and 4.1.4 )

Test Diameters

mm

cbntact

N

Force on Ball

Indenting

N

Total

N

Force on Foot

N

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Method N (Normal test) p&l2io5~fi0.01

Hole 6 * 1 0.30 f 0.02 5.40 * 0.01 5.70 f 0.03 8.3 zt 1.5

Method H (High hardness) p&it l$*$O.Ol 0.30 f 0.02 5.40 f 0.01 5.70 * 0.03 8.3 zt 1.5

Hole 6 2 2

Method L (Low hardness)

Ball 5.00 * 0.01 Foot 22 i 2 0.30 * 0.02 5.40 * 0.01 5.70 * 0.03 8.3 ztz 1.5 Hole 10 z 2

mm mN mN mN mN

Method M (Micro-test)

Ball 0.95 f 0.005 Foot 3.35 zt 0.15 Hole 1.00 * 0.15

8.3 f 0.5 145 * 0.5 153.3 f 1.0 235 * 30

3

IS34OO(Part2):1995

aud the portion passing through the top shall be cou- strutted from a material having a low thennal couduc- tivity. A sensing device shall be located withiu the chamber, near or at the locatiou of the test piece, for measuring the temperature.

In the micro-test using instruments iu which the test piece table is pressed upwards by a spring, the values of foot pressure aud force ou foot are those acting during the period of applicatiou of the total force. Before the indeuting force of 145 mN is applied, the force on the foot is greater by this amount, and hence equals 380 k 30 mN.

NOTE - Not all possible combinations of dimensions and forces in Table 1 will meet the pressure requirements of 4.1.4.

4.2 For Methods CN, CH, CL and CM

The apparatus used shall be essentially that described in 4.1 but differing in the following respects.

4.2.1 Cylindrical Surface of Radius Greater than SO mm

The base of the instrumeut shall have a hole below the plunger allowing free passage of the aunular foot such that measurement may be made above or below the base.

The lower surface of the base shall be in the form of two cylinders parallel to each other aud the plaue of the base. The diameter of the cylinders aud their distauce apart shall be such as to locate and support the iustru- meut ou the curved surface to be tested. Alteruatively, the modified base may be fitted with feet movable in uuiversal joiuts so that they adopt themselves to the curved surface.

4.2.2 Surfaces with Double Curvature ofLarge Radius Greater than 50 mm

The instrumeut of 4.2.1 haviug adjustable feet should be used.

4.2.3 Cylindrical Surfaces of Radius 4 to SO nun or Small Test Pieces with Double Curvature

On surfaces, too small to support the instrument, the test piece or article shall be supported by means of special jigs or V blocks so that the indentor is vertically above the test surface. Wax may be used to fix small items to the specimen table.

NOTES 1 In general, an instrument as described for Method M should be used only where the thickness of the rubber tested is less than 4 mm. 2 lnstruments for Method M in which the test piece table is pressed upwards hy a spring are not suitable for use on large test pieces or articles of large radius of curvature.

4.2.4 Small 0 Rings and Articles of Radius of Curvature Less thfln 4 mm

These shall be held iu suitable jigs or blocks or secured by wax to the instrument table. Measuremeuts shall be made using the instrumeut for Method M. No test shall be made if the smallest radius is less than 0.8 mm.

5 TEST PIECES

5.1 For Methods N, II, Land M - General

The test pieces shall have its upper and lower surfaces flat, smooth and parallel to oue another.

Tests intended to be comparable shall be made ou test pieces of the same thickuess.

To obtaiu thickness greater thau 4 mm, it is permissible to superimpose hvo pieces of rubber (but not more thau two), provided that these have flat parallel surfaces.

5.1.1 Thickness

5.1.1.1 For Methods N and H

The staudard test piece shall be 8 to 10 mm thick. Non-standard test pieces may be either thicker or thin- uer but uot less thau 4 mm thick.

5.1.1.2 For Method L

The staudard test piece shall be 10 to 15 mm thick. Non-standard test pieces may be either thicker or thiuuer but not less than 6 mm thick.

5.1.1.3 For Method M

The staudard test piece shall have a thickuess of - 2 2 0.5 mm. Because of the variable effects of surface hardeuing of the rubber aud of auy slight surface rough- uess (produced, for example, by buffing), uo standard thickness of test piece will always give results agreeing with &hose of the normal test using its standard test piece. A thickness in the rauge 1.6 to 2 mm will most often give such agreemeut, but this will uot always be exact. Thicker or thiuuer teSt pieces may be used, but in no case less thau 1 mm thick. On such test pieces, the readiugs will uot in geueral agree with those giveu by the uormal test.

5.1.2 Lateral Dimensions

5.1.2.1 For Methods N, Hand L

The lateral dimensions ofboth staudard aud nou-staudard test pieces shall be such that no test is made at a distance from the edge of the test piece less thau the appropriate distauce showu iu Table 2.

Table 2 Minimum Distance of Point of Contact from Test Piece Edge

Total Thickness of the Minimum Distance from Test Piece the Point of Contact to

Edge of Test Piece

mm mm

(1) (2)

4 7.0

6 8.0

8 9.0

10 10.0

1.5 11.5

25 13.0

4

5.1.2.2 For Method M

The lateral dimensions shall be such that no test is made at a distnace from the edge of less than 2 mm.

When test pieces thicker than 4 mm are tested on the micro-test instrument because lateral dimensions or area of flatness do not permit testing on a normal instrument, the test shall be made at a distance from the edge as great as possible.

5.2 For Methods CN, CH, CL and CM

The test piece shall be either a complete article or a piece cut therefrom. The underside of a cut piece shall be such that it can be well supported during the hardness test. If the surface on which the test is to be made is cloth-marked, it shall be buffed prior to testing. Test pieces shall be allowed to recover at rootn temperature for at least 16 h after buffig and shall be conditioned in accordance with 5.3. The conditioning period may form part of the recovery period.

5.3 Conditioning

Tests shall not be carried out less than 16 h after vulcanization and, for arbitration, not less than 72 h after vulcanization. When a test is made at a standard laboratory temperature, the test pieces shall be maintained at the conditions of test for at least 3 h immedi- ately before testing. When tests are made at higher or lower temperatures, the test pieces shall be maintained at the conditions of test for a period of time sufficient to reach temperature equilibrium with the testing en- vironment, or for the period of time required by the specification covering the material or product being tested.

6 TEMPERAITJRE OF TEST

The test shall normally be carried out at 27 2 2C, the same tetnperature shall be used throughout any one test or series of tests intended to be comparable.

7 PROCEDlJRE

7.1 The test piece shall be first conditioned as specified in 5.3. The upper and lower surface of the test piece shall be lightly dusted with talcum powder, and the test piece supported on a horizontal rigid surface. The foot shall first be brought into contact with the surface of the test piece. The plunger and indenting ball Vshall be pressed for 5 seconds onto the rubber, the force on the

. ball being the contact force.

7.1.1 If the gauge is graduated in international rubber hardness degrees, it shall be adjusted to read 100 at the end of the 5 seconds period. The additional indenting force shall thett be applied and tnaintained for 30

IS34oo(Part2):1995

seconds, when a direct reading of the hardness in international rubber hardness degrees is obtained.

7.1.2 If the gauge is graduated in metric units, the difference in indentations (expressed in hundredths of a millimetre) of the plunger caused by the additional indenting force, applied for 30 seconds, shall be noted. This (after tnultiplying by the scale factor of 6 when using the apparatus for the micro-test), shall be converted into international rubber hardness degrees by using Tables 3 to 5 or a graph constructed therefrom.

During the loading periods, the apparatus may be gently vibrated to overcome any friction.

7.2 Number of Readings

One measurement shall be made at either three or five different points distributed over the test piece and the median of the results shall be taken; that is, the middle value when these are arranged in increasing order.

8 TEST RESULTS

8.1 Expression of Results

Hardness shall be reported to the nearest whole number as the median of the three or five measurements in international rubber hardness degrees (indicated by the degree sign ) followed by:

a>

b)

Cl

Either the letter S for the standard test piece thickness or the thickness and smallest lateral ditnension (in millimetres) for tests on non- standard test pieces (the result then being apparent hardness). The code letter for the method, for example, N for normal test, H for high, L for low and M for micro-test. For tests on curved surfaces, the prefix letter C.

8.2 Test Report

The test report shall include the following particulars:

a) 4

4 4

e) 9

Hardness expressed as in 8.1; Dimensions of test piece and whether made up of one or two pieces. In the case of curved or irregularly shaped specimens, specimen description, method of mounting and method of applying test; Temperature of test;

Type of surface tested (moulded, buffed or otherwise); Type of apparatus used; and Any deviation from the procedure specified.

IS34oo(Part2):1995

Table 3 Conversion of Values of D to International Rubber Hardness Depes (IRIID) for IJse in Method N

fl = differential indentation in hundredths of a millimetre, with 2.5 nun indentor (Clauses 3.1 and 7.1.2)

D 1 IRHD 0 100.0

1 100.0

2 99.9

3 99.8

4 99.6

5 99.3

6 99.0

7 98.6

8 98.1

9 97.7

10 97.1

11 96.5

12 95.9

13 95.3

14 94.7

1.5 94.0

16 93.4

17 92.7

18 92.0

19 91.3

20 90.6

21 89.8

22 89.2

23 88.5

24 87.8

25 87.1

26 86.4

27 85.7

28 85.0

29 84.3

30 83.0

31 82.9

32 82.2

33 81.5

34 80.9

3s 80.2

36 80.0

37 78.9

38 78.2

39 77.6

10 77.0

I1 76.4

12 75.8

13 75.9

14 74.5

15 73.9

D IRHD

46 73.3

47 72.7

~ 48 72.2

I 49 71.6

50 71.0

I 51 70.4 52 69.8

53 69.3

54 68.7

55 68.2

56 67.6

57 67.1

58 66.6

59 66.0

60 65.5

61 65.0

62 64.5

63 64.0

64 63.5

65 63.0

66 62.5

67 62.0

68 61.5

69 61.1

70 60.6

71 60.1

72 59.7

73 59.2

74 58.8

75 58.3

76 57.9

77 57.5

78 57.0

79 56.6

80 56.2

81 55.8

82 55.4

83 55.0

84 54.6

85 54.2

86 53.8

87 53.4

88 53.0

89 52.7

90 52.3

91 52.0

D IRHD 92 51.6

93 51.2

94 50.9

95 50.5

96 50.2

97 49.8

98 49.5

99 49.1

100 48.8

101 4X.5

102 48.1

103 47.8

104 47.5

105 47.1

106 46.8,

107 46.5

108 46.2

109 45.X

110 45.6

111 45.3

112 45.0

113 44.7

114 44.4

115 44.1

116 43.8

117 43.5

118 43.3

119 43.0

120 42.7

121 42.5

122 42.2

123 41.9

124 41.7

125 41.4

126 41.1

127 40.9

128 40.6

129 40.4

130 40.1

131 39.9

132 39.6

133 39.4

134 39.1

135 38.9

136 38.7

137 38.4

6

D IRHD

138 38.2

139 38.0

140 37.8

141 37.5

142 37.3

143 37.1

144 36.6

145 36.7

146 36.5

147 36.2

148 36.0

149 35.8

150 35.6

151 35.4

152 35.2

153 35.0

154 34.8

155 34.6

156 34.4

157 34.2

158 34.0

159 33.8

160 33.6

161 33.4

162 33.2

163 33.0

164 32.X

165 32.6

166 32.4

167 32.3

16X 32.1

169 31.9

170 31.7

171 31.6

172 31.4

173 31.2

174 31.1

175 30.9

176 30.7

177 30.5

178 30.4

179 30.2

1 X0 30.0

IS34w(lart2): 1995

Table 4 (Joaversion of Values ofD into International Rubber Hardness Degrees (IRHD) for Use in Method H

D = differential indentation, in hundredths of a millimetrr, with 1 IWII ideutor

(C/trrrses 3.1 and 7.1.2)

D IRHD D IRHD D IRHD 0 100.0 15 97.3 30 91.1

1 100.0 16 97.0 31 90.7

2 100.0 17 96.6 32 90.2

3 99.9 18 96.2 33 89.7

4 99.9 19 95.8 34 89.3

5 99.8 20 95.4 3.5 88.8

6 99.6 21 95.0 36 88.4

7 99.5 22 94.6 37 87.9

8 99.3 23 94.2 38 87.5

9 99.1 24 93.6 39 87.0

10 98.8 25 93.4 40 86.6

11 98.6 26 92.9 41 86.1

12 98.3 27 92.5 42 85.7

13 98.0 28 92.0 43 85.3

14 97.6 29 91.6 44 84.8

7

IS 3400 ( Part 2 ) : 1995

Table 5 Conversion of Values of D into International Rubber Hardness Degrees (IRHD) for Use in Method L

D = differeutial indentation, in hundredths of a millirnetre, with 5 mn indentor (clfluses 3.1 and 7.1.2)

D IRHD D IRHD D IRHD .lO 34.9 180 21.3 250 14.1

112 34.4 182 21.1 252 14.0

114 33.9 184 20.8 254 13.8

116 33.4 186 20.6 256 13.7

118 32.9 188 20.3 258 13.5

120 32.4 190 20.1 260 13.4

122 31.9 192 19.8 262 13.3

124 31.4 194 19.6 264 13.1

126 30.9 196 19.4 266 13.0

128 30.4 198 19.2 268 12.8

L30 30.0 200 18.9 270 12.7

132 29.6 202 18.7 272 12.6

L34 29.2 204 18.5 274 12.5

136 28.8 206 18.3 276 12.3

138 28.4 208 18.0 278 12.2

L40 28.0 210 17.8 280 12.1

142 27.6 212 17.6 282 12.0

144 27.2 214 17.4 284 11.8

146 26.8 216 17.2 286 11.7

148 26.4 218 17.0 288 11.6

150 26.1 220 16.8 290 11.5

152 25.7 222 16.6 292 11.4

1.54 25.4 224 16.4 294 11.3

156 25.0 226 16.2 296 11.2

158 24.7 228 16.0 298 11.1

160 24.4 230 15.8 3(K) 11 .o

162 24.1 232 15.6 302 10.9

164 23.8 234 15.4 304 10.8

166 23.5 236 15.3 306 10.6

168 23.1 238 15.1 30s 10.5

170 22.8 240 14.9 310 10.4

172 22.5 242 1J.X 312 10.3

174 22.2 244 14.6 313 10.2

176 21.9 246 14.4 316 10.1

178 21.6 248 14.3 318 9.9

Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau ofhdian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright

BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian.Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition bv referring to the latest issue of BIS Handbook and Standards : Monthly Additions.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. PCD 13 ( 1308 ).

Amendments Issued Since Publicatioll

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters:

Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telephones : 323 01 31,323 94 02, 323 33 75

Telegrams: Manaksanstha ( Common to

all offices )

Regional Offices: Telephone

Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 323 76 17 NEW DELHI 110002 323 3841

Eastern : l/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola CALCUTTA 700054

Northern : SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022

Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113

Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) MUMBAI 400093

337 84 99, 337 85 61 337 86 26, 337 86 62

I 60 38 43 60 20 25

I 23502 16,2350442 235 15 19,235 23 15

8329295,8327858 832 78 91,832 78 92

Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAI-IATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. PATNA. PUNE. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.

Printed at New India Printing Press, Khuqa, India

Title PageForeword1. Scope2. Terminology3. Principle4. ApparatusFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Table 1

5. Test PiecesTable 2

6. Temperature of Test7. Procedure8. Test ResultsTable 3Table 4Table 5

IS standard 3400

Documents