bere:architects 73 Poets Road London N5 2SH T +44(0)20 7359 4503 www.bere.co.uk CIH Manchester 2012 Ideas Exchange, Wed 13th June, 10.00 -10.45 Sustainability Theatre Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards affordably? Justin Bere of twitter: @jbere & @bere:architects | www.bere.co.uk PRESENTATION INCLUDES CONTENT FUNDED BY THE TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY BOARD’S BUILDING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION PROGRAMME http://goo.gl/ny5vG
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CIH Manchester 2012 Ideas Exchange, Wed 13th June, 10.00 -10.45 Sustainability Theatre
Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards affordably?
Justin Bere of twitter: @jbere & @bere:architects | www.bere.co.uk
PRESENTATION INCLUDES CONTENT FUNDED BY THE TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY BOARD’S BUILDING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION PROGRAMME http://goo.gl/ny5vG
Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards affordably? c b
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Hotel Post Bezau - Kaufmann Zimmerei
Mayville Community Centre - Before Refurb
Camden Passivhaus - Bere Architects
Mayville Community Centre - During Refurb
Lime House - Bere Architects
Mayville Community Centre - After Refurb
Affordable Passivhaus ConstructionLearning lessons from advanced European timber construction
Affordable Passivhaus RetrofitCase study of Mayville Community Centre, London
Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards affordably? c b
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Hotel Post Bezau - Kaufmann Zimmerei
Low CostLow CarbonLocally GrownGreat for the Local EconomyGreat for the EnvironmentPerfect for Low Energy BuildingReduced Imports for Long Term Security
Affordable Passivhaus ConstructionLearning lessons from advanced European timber construction
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Fast, Efficient, Cost Saving Techniques
300mm solid wood studs, screwed and glued - standard practice in Austrian factoriesHigh quality wood grown specifically for the demands of the Austrian construction industryUntreated wood - healthy to work with and live in - and easily re-used in the future
Factory of Kaufmann Zimmerei, Reuthe
Notice how the factory is beautifully designed by a leading Austrian passivhaus architect, with plentiful natural daylight and made from untreated wood in beautiful, natural colours, with soft fibre-lined walls for acoustics. It speaks of a love of craftsmanship. The company has been owned by the same family for three generations and is led first and foremost by craftsmen.
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Camden Passivhaus - knowledge transfer of advanced techniques
Camden Passivhaus - Austrian Knowledge Transfer
2008-9 Matthias Kaufmann of Kaufmann Zimmerei worked for 18 months full time in our London design office.
Timber frame designed, manufactured and installed without a knowledge gap, teaching us advanced timber framing techniques.
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140mm thin nailed timber stud walls being produced at Holbrook, Brigend, 2009
Exploring Welsh Manufacturing Techniques
In 2009 we needed a Welsh manufacturer to build our Building Research Establishment’s 2009 competition-winning design for the Welsh Passivhaus.
Rob McLeod, Nick Tune (BRE) introduced us to Holbrook. They mainly produce 140mm thick stud walls for Premier Inns. We need to transform typical UK manufacturing techniques from 140mm nailed panels to the largest possible sections, glued and screwed with s/s screws.
Welsh prototype, completed summer 2010
Notice the difference from the Kaufmann factory: artificial lighting, steel-framed building, metal sheeting, metal shelving, green chemically treated wood. We need a transformation of wood construction philosophy in the UK! We need to move from a primarily business-led industry, to an unambiguosly craftsman-led industry.
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Larch House Passivhaus wall build-up using Austrian timber frame techniques adapted to smaller UK material dimensions.* The unusally large levels of insulation (eg 425mm in the walls) was a precautionary requirement of the brief from BRE Wales, which required us to use 10 year worst case weather data, a requirement subsequently explained by the Passivhaus Institute as being unecessary and adding undue pressures upon the build-cost of the project.
Adapting Welsh Manufacturing Techniques
The largest reasonably easily obtained Welsh softwood studs are 225mm wide. Using a core of 215mm Welsh timber studs, we were able to build up to the full Passivhaus requirements* However, 3 layers of construction inevitably adds cost compared to Austrian two-layers!
Larch House, completed 2010
1. 225mm untreated softwood stud wall with OSB board (inside face), Panelvent (outside face), containing mineral wool insulation.
2. Vapour control membrane3. 100mm services zone containing wood fibre
insulation4. ‘Eco-joists’ with pressed metal flanges5. Outer layer of 100mm wood fibre insulation
12
3
4
5
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Lime House - timber framed passivhaus, Ebbw Vale
Reducing the Cost of Construction
Timber framing can deliver a complete Passivhaus frame and roof for £17,000+vat (excluding supply of windows, but including the cost of installing windows & doors).
Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards affordably? c b
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Lime House - timber framed passivhaus, Ebbw Vale
Reducing the Cost of Construction
Timber framing can deliver a complete Passivhaus frame and roof for £17,000+vat (excluding supply of windows, but including the cost of installing windows & doors).
...a chance for low cost, community-self-build?(2 bed super low-energy passivhaus for under £100,00)
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Choose site
Lime House Construction ProcessAssisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed
Running total £0The Ebbw Vale site
Lime House Construction ProcessAssisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed
Running total £0
Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards affordably? c b
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Lay insulation
-480mm Styrofoam-Edge insulation
£4,775
£4,368£407
(Material supplied)
Installing the ground slab insulationRunning total £6,064
Lime House Construction ProcessAssisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed
Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards affordably? c b
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Pour concrete slab
-DPM and tanking-Mesh reinforcement-U bars & splice-Shuttering to slab-225mm thick concrete slab-Thermalite blockwork-Service ducts
£2,646
£276£496£205£168£935£167£400
(Material supplied)
Constructing the concrete slabRunning total £8,711
Lime House Construction ProcessAssisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed
Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards affordably? c b
*Excludes prelims and design fees. Labour to be provided by self builder.
Completed timber claddingTotal Price £85,739*
Lime House Construction ProcessAssisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed
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South elevation before refurbishment
Before refurbishment:
– Metal framed, single glazed, draughty windows – Un-insulated asbestos roof – Depressing appearance externally and internally
Affordable Passivhaus RetrofitCase study of Mayville Community Centre, London
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Gigantic gas boiler and un-insulated tank
Mayville Community Centre
Before refurbishment:
– Difficult to achieve comfortable conditions in winter. Office spaces were hot in winter, while main hall was often too cold for sedentary activities, particularly for the elderly
– Specific heat demand 581kWh/m2/yr
if 21oC winter temps maintained
(but 272 kWh/m2/yr in reality)
– Energy bills over £10,000 a year for an organisation with turnover of £60,000 a year
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The main hall before refurbishment
Mayville Community Centre
Before refurbishment:
– Gloomy, depressing spaces – Echo made hearing or engaging in conversation difficult - particularly for the elderly
– Bad layout and shortage of space
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Mayville Community Centre
Passivhaus building techniques:1. Basement wall insulation 2. Ground floor wall insulation3. Thermal bridge free design4. Roof membrane detailing5. Window tape training6. Windows in line of insulation
1 2
3 4 5 6
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The refurbished Mayville Community Centre South Facade
Mayville Community Centre
The UK’s first fully certified non-domestic passivhaus refurbishment
Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards affordably? c b
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The main hall after refurbishment
Mayville Community Centre
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Mayville Community Centre - Performance
Comparison between total energy use design estimate and actual use – The first Winter’s operational performance is even better than the PHPP design prediction. – The building used less energy than designed each month apart from December where the building thermostat was accidentally turned up very high over the Christmas holiday.
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Nov‐11
Dec‐11
Jan‐12
Feb‐12
Electricity consumption (kWh)
Mayville Community Centre ‐comparison between PHPP and preliminary monitored data‐November 2011 ‐ February 2012 (building is all‐electric, heating via GSHP)
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Mayville Community Centre - Investment & Return(Comparison between passivhaus & minimum standard)
STEP (1): finding & comparing design energy consumption for each option(a) Headline list of changes in accordance with Building Regs Part L and ventilation rates(b) Four different PHPP documents were created (PH with gas boiler, PH GSHP, PH with GSHP & PV)
(c) Old energy bills (before refurb) were also analysed
Building Regulation U-Values were taken from Building Regulation Part LB: Conservation of Fuel and Power in Existing Buildings other than Dwellings, Passivhaus Figures were taken from PHPP calculations as used during construction of the building.
GAS cost £0.0000 0 35.2 Electricity Demand Household Appliances 23468.14£0.0298 above 665 CO2 15958.33
Standard charge per day £0.7261 365 265.0265 23408 Cost 2058.155
ELECTRICITY cost £0.0877Standard charge per day £0.2379 365 86.8335
Feed in tarriff >10 - 50kW £0.3290>4-10kW £0.3780
≤4 kW retrofit £0.4330
2010 Building Regs* + gas boiler
with gas boiler
*using Part L Approved Document U-Value and Ventilation requirements
without PV and solar thermals
0.253455
£3,030
PH + gas boiler
with gas boilerwithout PV and solar thermals
Data taken from PHPP
with PV* and solar thermals*using existing building data. Calculations include XXKwp solar PV system
PH + heat pump + PV + solar heating
with heat pump
PH + heat pump
with heat pumpwithout PV and solar thermals
Space heating supplied by heat pump and solar thermalsSpace heating is supplied by gas boiler only
Electricity costs are calculated using the British Gas Business tariffs for 2012. Total costs don't take into account fixed costs.
Energy contribution by renewable sources account for energy saved not alternative energy produced, like in case of PVs
Data taken from PHPP Data taken from PHPPElectricity supplied by grid onlyElectricity supplied by grid only Electricity supplied by grid and PV panels
0.680.68
Electricity supplied by grid only
Space heating supplied by heat pump only
20445
20445
Before refurbishment
with gas boiler without PV and solar thermals
Space heating only
ELECTRICITY ContributionELECTRICITYGAS
Space heating only
GAS GAS
Space heating only
£2,724
Data taken from PHPP
Space heating and cooking is supplied by gas boiler onlyElectricity supplied by grid only
£4,074£8,539
21023 13899
20091
Data taken from annual set of bills for
0.25
2977167005
472990.25
Space heating is supplied by gas boiler only
12214
(a)
(b)
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Mayville Community Centre - Investment & Return(Comparison between passivhaus & minimum standard)
STEP (2): finding the Cost of an otherwise identical Min. Standard community centreTake detailed Bills of Quantities (As Built) and convert to Building Regs spec, item by item
Mildmay Community Partnership Tenderer: Tenderer: Tenderer: Tenderer:Alteration and Improvements to Community Centre
Mayville Community Centre, Woodville Road, London N16 8NA
Option 1 - Buxton BuildingContractors Contract Sum -
Passivhaus with Heat Pump,Solar Thermal and PV
Installations
Option 3 - As Option 1 butwith a 8.4kW Gas Boiler andexcluding Heat Pump, SolarThermal and PV Installations
Option 2 - As Option 1 withHeat Pump Installation but
excluding Solar Thermal andPV Installations
847.74457 overall size 1100 x 2708; reference W117H 1 nr 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25
A11 Reduction for double glazed windows (1) nr 628.20 628.20-1,052.47
458 overall size 2751 x 890; reference W117E; added since quotation 1 nr 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25A12 Reduction for double glazed windows (1) nr 599.09 599.09-
A15 Reduction for double glazed windows (3) nr 1,652.24 4,956.72-739.90
462 overall size 3572 x 2513; pair of glazed doors each overall size 900 x2404; reference DB01G, DB02G, DB03G
3 nr 6,641.70 19,925.10 6,641.70 19,925.10 6,641.70 19,925.10 6,641.70 19,925.10
A16 Reduction for double glazed windows (3) nr 1,652.24 4,956.72-417.46
463 overall size 4247 x 2434; pair of glazed doors each overall size 900 x2325; reference D003C
1 nr 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35
A17 Reduction for double glazed windows (1) nr 1,073.52 1,073.52-404.14
464 overall size 4387 x 2434; pair of glazed doors each overall size 950 x2281; reference D001A
1 nr 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35
A18 Reduction for double glazed windows (1) nr 1,073.52 1,073.52-External Metal Louvres; hidden fixings; Hella Sonnen-undWetterschutztechnik GmbH, external venetian blinds AH80; aluminium andstainless steel components; electric operation; fixed to steel supports(measured elsewhere); all as specification clause L10:655
External Window Louvres
465 to suit window size 1250 wide x 1180 high (W106E and W111E) 2 nr 190.00 380.00 190.00 380.00 190.00 380.00 190.00 380.00
466 to suit window size 2470 wide x 1180 high (W003B, W107F, W108F,W109F and W110F)
5 nr 255.00 1,275.00 255.00 1,275.00 255.00 1,275.00 255.00 1,275.00
467 to suit window size 3357 wide x 914 high (W003B) 1 nr 281.00 281.00 281.00 281.00 281.00 281.00 281.00 281.00
External Door Louvres
468 to suit door size 1122 wide x 2380 high (D004B) 1 nr 222.00 222.00 222.00 222.00 222.00 222.00 222.00 222.00
469 to suit doors and screens size 3572 wide x 2380 high (D005D, D006Dand D007D)
3 nr 419.00 1,257.00 419.00 1,257.00 419.00 1,257.00 419.00 1,257.00
470 to suit doors and screens size 3572 wide x 2528 high (DB01G, DB02Gand DB03G)
3 nr 436.00 1,308.00 436.00 1,308.00 436.00 1,308.00 436.00 1,308.00
55,867.60 55,867.60 55,867.60 43,144.48
471 to suit doors and screens size 6828 wide x 2380 high (D003C) 1 nr 414.00 414.00 414.00 414.00 414.00 414.00 414.00 414.00
L20 - DOORS / SHUTTERS / HATCHES
Doors and frames; Bayer; as quotation dated 21 September 2009; premiumwood windows, triple glazed, inner and outer panes toughened glass;Passivhaus standard; stainless steel lockable handles; as drawings nos.0300.B1.G32.D01 and D02; sealing frames to internal air tightness/vapourcontrol membrane and external breather membrane with Illbruck sealingtape; as specification clause L10:815; pre-formed aluminium window sills,fixing with glue and silicone to plywood cill lining (plywood cill includedelsewhere), as specification clause L10:230; as specification clause L10:215to 225
Doors and frames, clear glazing; fixed lights
472 overall size 1168 x 2434; glazed door overall size 995 x 2325; referenceD002B, D004B
2 nr 2,529.15 5,058.30 2,529.15 5,058.30 2,529.15 5,058.30 2,529.15 5,058.30
A16 Reduction for double glazed doors (2) nr 599.54 1,199.09-473 overall size 998 x 2437; glazed door overall size 920 x 2284; reference
D009F1 nr 1,229.47 1,229.47 1,229.47 1,229.47 1,229.47 1,229.47 1,229.47 1,229.47
A16 Reduction for double glazed doors (1) nr 512.91 512.91-474 overall size 1135 x 2549; glazed door overall size 1057 x 2401; reference
D008H1 nr 4,150.57 4,150.57 4,150.57 4,150.57 4,150.57 4,150.57 4,150.57 4,150.57
A16 Reduction for double glazed doors (1) nr 610.13 610.13-
Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards affordably? c b
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Mayville Community Centre - Investment & Return(Comparison between passivhaus & minimum standard)
STEP (3): Graph comparing Annual Energy Consumption derived from step (1)
(Buildings de-signed to UK min. standard building regs tend to con-sume considerably more than they are designed to con-sume) (Passivhaus design assumes very comfortable 21oC maintained
throughout winter months, with perfect air quality and humidity)
(The building was cold in Winter, in spite of high energy use)
Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards affordably? c b
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Mayville Community Centre - Investment & Return(Comparison between passivhaus & minimum standard)
STEP (4): Graph comparing Annual CO2 emissions derived from step (1)
(Buildings designed to UK min. standard building regs tend to consume con-siderably more than they are designed to consume)
(Passivhaus design assumes very comfortable 21oC maintained throughout winter months, with perfect air quality and humidity)
(The building was cold in Winter, in spite of high CO2 emissions)
Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards affordably? c b
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Mayville Community Centre - Investment & Return(Comparison between passivhaus & minimum standard)
STEP (5): Graph showing the extra investment cost of PH derived from step (2)Percentage difference investment to achieve passivhaus standard*The additional investment was found to be just 3% without renewables or 8% with renewables
Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards affordably? c b
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Mayville Community Centre - Investment & Return(Comparison between passivhaus & minimum standard)
STEP (5): Graph showing the extra investment cost of PH derived from step (2)Percentage difference investment to achieve passivhaus standard*The additional investment was found to be just 3% without renewables or 8% with renewables
THANK YOU Justin Bere twitter: @jbere & @bere:architects web & blog: www.bere.co.uk
More tomorrow...
How the UK’s first in-depth Passivhaus monitoring results are beginning to change the UK housing industry