Is colonialism more dangerous as a physical or mental act.

Is colonialism more dangerous as a physical or mental act

FRENCH AND DUTCH AMERICA

1534 Jacques Cartier 2 ships & 61 men

Looking for northwest passage

Discovers inlet of St Lawrence river mouth of

channel through the continent?

Postpones exploration until next summer

Claims whole region for his king

New France.

1535 Cartier returns up St Lawrence as far as island occupied by

Huron Indians Welcome him to the highest point

on the island Names it Mont Réal, or Mount

Royal Returns for a third visit in 1541-2 Attempt to found colony comes

to nothing

Discoveries prompt fur traders in these regions

1611 Samuel de Champlain establishes settlement on same island

Montreal 3 years earlier Champlain formed

settlement at Quebec. Cartier's search unwittingly began

French empire in the west.  

France – Empire? Did France have an American

empire? Demographically In the North

Whites replace Native Americans In the South

Blacks replace Native Americans

Tropics to Tundra

All locations French Government

interested in territorial expansion

Colonies were state directed But does definition of

boundaries create a colony In most cases Colonies built by a

combination of local people and environment

Canada Founder of Quebec

(1608) Samuel de Champlain Explores region to build fur trade with

the help of the Huron Progress slow 1635, the settlers in

Quebec number fewer than 100

1660 New France has only about 2300

Boston has a larger population

French fur traders find it hard to get their wares to the St Lawrence

1660 settlers appeal to Louis XIV for help

New France into a royal province ruled by a governor, with military,

religous and educational support supplied by France

1660s more than 3000 colonists are sent out including women of marriageable age

Decade proves a turning point for New France

Explorers begin the process of pressing west and south from the Great Lakes

1668 a Jesuit mission is established at the junction of the three western Great Lakes

Sault Sainte Marie selected in 1671 as an appropriate

place from which to claim the entire interior of the American continent for the king of France

NO CLASS ON THURSDAY

DUTCH AMERICA

1609 the Dutch East India Company hire English sailor Henry Hudson to find a northeast passage to India

Unsuccessfully searched above Norway

Turned his ship west

"northwest passage”

Cape Cod sailed into the mouth of a large river

Hudson River Made way as far as present-day Albany

Claimed the entire Hudson River Valley for his Dutch employers

Numerous unsuccessful efforts at colonization

Dutch Parliament chartered the West India Company joint stock company

1624 30 families arrive establishing a settlement on

present-day Manhattan Focus fur trade – purely

business venture

1626, Director General Peter Minuit arrived in Manhattan

"purchased" Manhattan Island from Native American Indians for the now legendary price of 60 guilders

Formally established New Amsterdam Strengthened fort up Hudson River, named Fort

Orange.

1630s new Director General Wouter van Twiller claimed lands by the Connecticut River

Already claimed by English settlers

Twiller forced to back down Dutch lost any claims to the Connecticut Valley

Dutch and Native Americans Around Fort Orange needs of the profitable

fur trade required a careful policy of appeasement with the Iroquois Confederacy

Lower Hudson Valley Colonists setting up small farms Native Americans viewed as obstacles 1630s and early 1640s, the Dutch Director

Generals carried on a brutal series of campaigns against the area's Native Americans

1640 marked a turning point West India Company gave up

monopoly Businessmen invest in New

Netherland Profits flowed to Amsterdam,

encouraging new economic activity in the production of food, timber, tobacco, and eventually, slaves

Director General's preoccupation with

Native Americans and border conflicts with the English

greatly weakened other portions of colonial society

1647 Director General Peter Stuyvesant arrived New Netherland in disarray