-
Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information
Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a
practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure
access to information under the control of public authorities, in
order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of
every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the
Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public,
particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the
pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety
standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of
this information in an accurate manner to the public.
इंटरनेट मानक
“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”
“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru
“Step Out From the Old to the New”
“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti
Sangathan
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”
“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता
है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”
है”ह”ह
IS 1944-6 (1981): Code of practice for lighting of
publicthoroughfare, Part 6: Lighting for towns and city centresand
areas of civic importance (Group E) [ETD 24:Illumination
Engineering and Luminaries]
-
_ _,... I-..“_“,_. _..,... . ” ^~ ~,.~” _ ___ ,r ... j
.--_l___l_n 4
IS : 1944
Indian Standard
( Part Vf ) - 1981
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR LIGHTING OF PUBLIC THOROUGHFARES
PART VI LIGHTING FOR TOWN AND CITY CENTRES AND AREAS OF CIVIC
IMPORTANCE
(GROUP E)
( Second Reprint AUGUST 199.5 )
UDC 628.971.6/7:006:76
BUREAU OF INDI’AN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR
MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
Gr3 Jdy 1982
-
IS : 1944 ( Part VI ) - 1981
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR LIGHTING OF PUBLIC THOROUGHFARES
PART VI LIGHTING FOR TOWN AND CITY CENTRES AND AREAS OF CIVIC
IMPORTANCE
(GROUP E)
Illuminating Engineering Sectional Committee, ETDC 45
Chairman SHRI B. H. MHATRE
Representing
The Bombay Electric Supply & Transport Under- taking,
Bombay
Members SHRI A. A. SEQIJEIRA ( Al&mate to
Shri B. H. Mhatre ) SHRI G. K. AITHAL Baiai Electricals Ltd.
Bombay
SHRI JAGDISH SHARAN ( Alternate ) ” - SHRI P. K. BANDYOPADHYAY
Peico Electronics & Electricals Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. ROY CHQUDHARY ( Afkrnate ) SHRI G. S. CHANDRASEKHER SHRI
N.. S. CHARI
Indian Engineering Association, Calcutta Crompton Greaves Ltd,
Bombay
SHRI R. DAS GUPTA ( Alkrnatc ) CHIEF ENGINEER ( ELECTRICAL )-II
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
SURVEYOR OR WORKS ( ELECT )-III ( Al&rnate ) SHRI H. N.
GUPTA Directorate General Factory Advice Services &
SHRI G. VAIDYANATHAN ( Alternate ) Labour Institutes ( Ministry
of Labour ) , Bombay
SHRI T. S. KUMAR SHRI U. S. NIGAM ( Alkrnute )
Central Mining Research Station ( CSIR ), Dhanbad
SHRI B. MUKHOPADHYA National Test House, Calcutta SHRI G.
BHAT~ACHARYA ( Alternate )
SHRI R. V. NARAYANAN Directorate General of Supplies &
Disposals, New Delhi
SHRI ANIL GUPTA ( Alfernak ) SHRI H. C. PANDEY Directorate of
Technical Development and Pro-
ce;ty ( Air ) ( Ministry of Defence ), New
SHRI J. M. REWAL~~WAR ( Al&mate )
( Gntind on flag8 2 )
0 CobTight 1982
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the I&m C@yri& Act (
XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with
written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infriement of copyright under
the said Act.
-
IS : 1944 ( Part VI ) - 1981
(Continued from page 1 )
Members
LT-COL B. B. RAJPAL
Re,bre.wntiq
Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Hradquartcrs. New L‘:lhi
SHRI R. S. KANWAR ( Alternate ) SHRI K. S. SARMA &RI K. P.
SIIAND~OCUE
National Physical Laboratory ( CSIR ), New Delhi National
Industrial Dcvclopmcnt Corporation Lrd,
New Delhi SHRI P. S. SHARMA Metallurgical Engineers &
Consultants, Ranchi
SHRI G. S. SRIVA~TAVA ( -Jlternafe) SXRI H. SINHA
SHRI H. K. ROHATGI ( Alternnfe ) Illuminating Engineering
Society of India, Calcutta
SHRI R. P. SRIVASTAVA, RDSO SHRI V. K. DATTA ( Alternafe)
Railway Board, Ministry of Railways
SHRI P. N. SRINIVASAN SHRI G. N. THADANI
PNS Lighting Design Consultnncy, Bangalore Engineers India Ltd,
New Delhi
&RI S. KASTURI RANGAN ( A(temate ) SHR: S. P. SACHADEVA,
Director ( Elec tech ) Director General, ISI ( Ex-oficio
Member)
Secretary
SHRI SUKH BIR SINGH :Lsistant Director ( Elec tech ), IS1
Panel for Code of Practice for Outdoor Lighting, ETDC 45/P9
c onuener SHRI B. H. MHATRE The Bombay Electric Supply &
Transport Under-
taking, Bombay
Members
DR ARUN KUMAR Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi SI:RI
T. BOSE Calcutta lMetropolitan Development Authority,
Calcutta SHXI N. S. CHARI Crompton Greaves Ltd, Bombay CHZEF
ENGINEER ( ELECTRICAL )-II Central Public Works Department, New
Delhi
SURVBYOROR WORKS(ELECT)-III (&tern&) SHP~ S. S. GOEL
SHRI R. N. MATHUR ( dl&rnate ) New Delhi Municipal
Corporation, New Delhi
SHRI M. P. GUPTA SHRI K. S. SARMA
The Bengal Electric Lamp Works Ltd, Calcutta National Physical
Laboratory ( CSIR ), New Delhi
SHRI P. K. SAXENA SHRI G. L. DUA ( Alternate )
Rural Electrification Corporation Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI R. P. SRIVASTAVA, RDSO SHRI G. S. BHATIA ( Alternate )
Railway Board, Ministry of Railways
SHRI A. T. VALIA Peico Electronics & Electricals Ltd, Bombay
SHRI P. K. BANDHOPADKYAY ( Alternate )
MAJ V. C. VERMA International Airport Authority of India, New
Delhi SHRI T. M. C. SRINNA~AN ( Alternati )
-
IS : 1944 ( Part VI ) - 1981
hzdian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR LIGHTING OF PUBLIC THOROUGHFARES
PART VI LIGHTING FOR TOWN AND CITY CENTRES AND AREAS OF CIVIC
IMPORTANCE
(GROUP E)
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part VI ) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 30 November 1981, after the draft
finalized by the Illumina- ting Engineering Sectional Committee had
been approved by the Electro- technical Division Council.
0.2 This part ( Part VI ) of the code is brought out so as to
provide guidelines to the Public Lighting Authorities for
preparation of lighting installation designs for Group ‘E’
roads.
0.3 This standard ( Part VI ) has been prepared in pursuance of
0.4 of IS : 1944 ( Parts I and II ) - 1970*. Revision ofIS : 1944 (
Parts I and II ) - 1970* is also under consideration of the
Committee and it is intended that Part I of the revised IS : 1944
should cover general principles and subse- quent parts should deal
with the requirements for various groups of roads as per the
standard classification. This standard, therefore, when the
revision of IS : 1944 ( Parts I and II )-1970* is completed, will
have the following parts :
Part I General principles Part II Lighting for main roads (
Group A ) Part III Lighting for secondary roads which do not
require lighting
up to Group A standard ( Group B ) Part IV Lighting for
residential and unclassified roads ( Group C ) Part V Lighting for
grade separated junctions, bridges and
elevated roads ( Group D ) Part VI Lighting for town and city
centres and. areas of civic
importance ( Group E ) Part VII Lighting for roads with special
requirements ( Group F ) Part VIII Lighting in tunnels ( Group G
).
*Code of practice for lighting of public thoroughfares (J%
revisim ) .
3
-
IS:1944(PartvI)-‘1981
0.4 In the preparation of this standard ( Part VI ), assistance
has been derived from the following:
i) CIE 32 ( TC 4.6 ) 1976 - ‘Lighting in situations requiring
special treatment’. International Commission on Illumination.
ii) BS 5489 ( Part 9 ) - 1969 - ‘Road lighting: ( Part 9 )
--Light- ing for town and city centers and areas of civic
importance’. British Standards Institution.
0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement
of the standard is complied with, the final value, observed or
calculated, expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off
in accordance with IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places
retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the
specified value in this standard.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This part of the code deals with functions, appearance and
design requirements of lighting for towns and city centres and
areas of civic importance ( Group E ).
1.2 It includes lighting for those areas within towns and cities
which have an importance for civic or other reasons, and for which
a standard of lighting is different from and higher than that
described in other parts. Such areas include not only civic
centres, but also important shopping streets, boule- vards,
promenades and other places which are focus of social activities
after dark.
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.1 For the purpose of this code, definitions given in IS : 1944
( Parts I and II )-1970t and those provided in IS : 1885 ( Part
XVI/Set 2 )-1968: shall apply.
3. GENERAL
3.1 Requirements
3.1.1 When designing the lighting for town and city centres, and
areas of civic importance, the aim should be to provide
installations which are outstanding as compared to those on the
approach-roads, and suited to the environment.
*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revtied ) . tCode of
practice for lighting of public thoroughfares (Jirsf revision ).
~Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part XVI Lighting, Section 2 General
illumination
lighting fittings and lighting for traffic and signal@.
4
-
IS:1944(PartvI)-1981
3.1.2 The question of aesthetic appearance, both by day and
night, should be taken into account in addition to the standard and
quality of the lighting, and no account should be taken of
extraneous contributions made by shop window, facia signs, etc.
3.1.3 The iighting has often to cater for large concentrations
of pedes- trians, as well as vehicular traffic, and the type of
lighting may with advant- age be selected so as to encourage social
and business activities and make the locality attractive after
dark.
3.1.4 In view of the high standards of lighting desirable, and
the require- ment for general lighting of the whole visual scene,
direct or area lighting is more appropriate than the technique
normally adopted for the lighting for traffic routes. The standard
of lighting, however, should be compatible with the requirements of
IS : 1944 ( Parts I and II )-1970* and there should be proper
integration with the lighting of all approach roads.
3.1.5 Since local conditions and requirements vary considerably,
these recommendations are intended to provide only guiding
principles. Instal- lations should be designed as part of 1 he
total environment to suit local requirements bearing in mind
possible future developments.
3.2 Design and Choice of Equipment
3.2.1 Columns, luminaires and brackets, should be of good
integrated design and should be compatible with their
surroundings.
3.2.2 When selecting columns, consideration should also be given
to their structural stability and to their suitability for carrying
supplementary seasonal decorative lighting which may be required on
festive occasims.
3.2.3 To create a pleasant and attractive atmosphere, the type
of light source chosen is of importance. As objects will be seen
mainly by direct vision rather than by silhouette, colour
distortion should be avoided. There- fore, lamps with good colour
rendering quality are desirable.
3.3 Siting and Appearance
3.3.1 The siting of all lighting equipment should be carefully
undertaken so as neither to detract from the genera1 or particular
views of interest such as buildings, trees and gardens, nor be
confusing or incompatible with the visual scene. The position of
luminaires, besides being functional, should by day and night
provide a pleasing layout. The principles for the daytime
appearance of lighting installations laid down in IS : 1944 ( Parts
I and II )-1970*, apply to all roads. Important civic areas such
as, shopping streets, promenades would need special treatment.
*Code of practice for lighting of public thoroughfares (jrst
revision ).
5
-
IS:1944(PartVI)-1981
4. LIGHTING FOR AREAS CARRYING VEHICULAR TRAFFIC
4.1 Main Squares
4.1.1 Lighting Criteria - The layout and character of main
squares vary enormously; each poses a special lighting problem.
However, the most essential point is that the lighting of the
square should be considered as a whole and the different types and
standards of lighting that may bq required to enhance the night
time appearance should be carefully co-ordinated. Special
considerations may have to be given where open markets, railway or
bus terminal are incorporated in, or adjoin, the main square.
There are generally three lighting areas to be considered:
a) The carriageways where road safety must be the first
consideration;
b) The peripheral buildings where the architectural character
should be given prime consideration; and
c) The central part of the square where the lighting should
enhance the amenity of the area.
It is recommended that average level of illumination should be
20 lux. The following are appropriate methods by which lighting of
the required standard may be produced:
a) By luminaires of special characteristics at an intermediate
height, selected to suit the locality;
b) By luminaires of an appropriate type on high masts or on
convenient buildings;
c) By extending the Group A-2 lighting approach road
installation, either by spacing the luminaires at closer intervals,
or by using light sources of higher wattage in comparison with that
of the approach-roads.
d) By Group A-2 lighting similar to that on the major road,
supple- mented by additional street lighting, or by flood-lighting
luminaires as required.
4.1.2 Types of Installation - The choice of the type of
installation will be dictated by local circumstances, due
consideration being given to the parti- cular characteristics of
the surrounding features. It may be desirable to provide an
adequate spread of light to illuminate building facades, or, on the
other hand, it may be preferable to concentrate the major light
output from the luminaires in more downward directions.
In deciding upon the mounting height, consideration should be
given to the total extent of the area and the spacing to height
ratio necessary so as to give adequate coverage and to avoid
undesirable diversity of bright- ness.
6
-
IS : 1944 ( Part VI ) - 1981
It is particularly important to avoid an excessive number of
luminaires as these may give rise to confusion and glare. The
standard of lighting required can frequently be more effectively
provided by a lesser number of high lumen power pack luminaires of
special optical characteristics at greater mounting height.
For practical purposes any of the following heights can be
selected:
a) Intermediate height of 10 to 15 m with larger dimension
luminaires with low surface brightness for visual comfort,
b) High mast of 15 m and above with appropriate luminaires of
suitable light distribution avoiding glare, and
c) Mounting floodlight luminaires with adequate control on
glare, on nearby buildings taking the advantage of higher
height.
4.2 Important Shopping Streets-In important shopping streets the
standard of lighting should be high and should be based on direct
vision. This will generally involve mounting luminaires
sufficiently high to allow appreciable variations in siting and
spacing. The possibility of mounting lighting units on the facades
of buildings should not be overlooked provided that they can be
designed so as to harmonize with the surroundings and be located
without detriment to the efficiency and appearance of the
installation.
4.3 Promenades - Promenades can be divided into two categories
as follows:
a)
b)
Seaside promenades, which have the sea on one side and building
on the other.
Boulevards, tree-lined streets or inland promenades, which are
usually symmetrical with trees on each side backed by buildings or
lawns.
As promenades are usually places of popular resort, a high
standard of lighting is desirable. In both kinds of promenade the
design and siting of lighting columns can make a positive formal
contribution to the scene. In the case of seaside promenades, care
should be exercised so as not to detract from the view out to
sea.
5. LIGHTING FOR OTHER AREAS REQUIRING PARTICULAR TREATMENT
5.1 Pedestrian Precincts - In the lighting for pedestrian
precincts, traffic-free shopping centres and related open spaces,
other problems arise due to the absence of vehicles, the irregular
movement of pedestrian traffic, and the presence of street
furniture or decorative features. These factors, and other purely
local considerations, need to be taken into account and it is
necessary that all such lighting schemes are individually
designed.
-
IS : 1944 ( Part VI ) - 1981
5.1.1 Lighting Criteria - Average horizontal illuminance at
footway level, should not be less than 20 lux and the luminaires
should be sited in such a way so as to give adequate lighting in
all parts. Where floodlighting techniques are employed, maintenance
problems will mainly determine the siting of units and in all cases
illumination values should be calculated by the point method,
considering parameters like mounting height, beam characteristics
of luminaires, etc.
Imaginative use has to be made of light sources, luminaires and
equip- ment to give the area a bright and cheerful appearance. Some
variation in the standards of lighting is desirable to highlight
particular features.
Higher standards of lighting are required under canopies and
normal interior lighting design methods should be used to calculate
average horizontal illuminance, which should not be less than 50
lux.
Here, the luminaire position, however, shall be determined by
the symmetrical appearance of the installation in relation to the
module of the shop units, or structural columns.
The lighting installation should be planned as part of the total
environ- ment and early consultation is desirable so that
luminaires, cables, conduits, etc can be incorporated into the
final scheme.
5.1.2 Design of Equipment - Luminaires and columns, or wall
brackets where appropriate, should be carefully selected so as to
harmonise with their surroundings. Great care needs to be exercised
in the selection of type of luminaires and conventional street
lighting luminaires will seldom be satisfactory. Where columns are
employed, mounting heights will usually be 5-6 m for aesthetic
reasons and because maintenance difficulties would arise with
greater heights. A symmetrical light distribution will generally
provide the most satisfactory solution.
In cases where such areas can be floodlighted with luminaires
mounted on buildings or masts, suitable screening devices to avoid
glare should be used that will avoid glare when viewed from normal
angles.
Where luminaires are incorporated in the soffits of canopies and
arcades, low brightness diffusers are essential; and in these
situations, tubular fluorescent lamps will generally be found to be
most satisfactory.
5.2 Public Car Parks - In designing the lighting installation
for car parks particular attention should be paid to the layout and
orientation of the luminaires in order to draw attention to the
traffic paths and provide. warnings of changes of direction. It is
also desirable to light traffic circulation aisels and a road
length of 200 m on either side to permit drivers to change from
diffuse to concentrated attention.
E
-
IS : 1944 ( Part VI ) - 1981
5.2.1 Recommendation - Outdoor car parks will.usually require a
reason- able standard of general lightin g and an average
horizontal illuminance of 10 lux is recommended, but at control
points, additional local lighting may be required. General lighting
of this nature can be provided more readily from floodlight
luminaires mounted on high mast spaced at appro- priate spacing.
The height of the mast will be governed by local considera- tions
and parameters like area to be covered.
5.2.2 De@ Sufplements - The choice of light source for car park
illumi- nation will generally be dictated by economics, aesthetic
and the desired photometric requirements.
If the car park area is located near important city squares,
then aesthe- tic consideration should also be given to the
structural aspect of the mast.
5.3 Pedestrian Stairways/Footbridges
5.3.1 Whatever the location and surroundings in which a
footbridge is located, the lighting installation should be blended
harmoniously into the whole scene. Precautions should be taken
against theft and vandalism.
The lighting on the surface of the footbridge stairways should
not bc less than 6 lux and the stairs should be lit in such a way
as to reduce as much as possible risks of error or accidents.
When the cross is over an unlit road, its lighting should not be
disturbing to the users of that road.
Wheri the crossin? is over railway tracks, its lighting may take
into consideration the special requirements mentioned in IS : 1944
( Part V )- 1981 *.
5.3.2 Pedestrian Subways - The lighting on the surface of the
pedestrian subways should not bc less than 10 lux for the reason of
security at night and to complement the daylight during day-time.
Special attention should be given to entrances/exists of pedestrian
subways for providing adequate lighting to complement daylight
during daytime and same should be provided with switching
flexibility to rcducc lighting level to be in line with outside
road lighting on which pedestrian subway exists. This is to avoid
error and accidents on footways.
*Code ol‘ practice for lighting of public thoroughfares: Part V
Lighting for grade separated ,junctions. bridges and elevated road
( Group D ).
9
-
BUREAU OF INDIAN STAMDARDS
Headquerters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
Telephones: 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams: Manaksanstha
( Co,mmon to all Offices ) Regional Offices: Iefephor7e
Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg,
I
331 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 331 13 75
*Eastern : 1 /14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, 36 24 99
Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054
Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036
Southern : C. I. T. Campus, MADRAS 600113
I
21843 3 1641
I
41 24 42 41 25 19 41 2916
tWestern : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ), 6 32 92
95 BOMBAY 400093
Branch Offices:
‘Pushpak’. Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur,
I
2 63 48 AHMADABAD 380001 2 63 49
SPeenya Industrial Area 1st Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road 38 49
55 BANGALORE 560058 I 38 49 56
Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Nagar, ’ 6 67
16 BHOPAL 462003
PlotNo. 82783. Lewis Road. BHUBANESHWAR 751002 531’5. Ward No.
29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th Byelane,
GUWAHATI 781003
5 36 27 3 31 77
5-8-56C L. N. Gupta Marg ( Nampally Station Road ), HYDERABAD
500001
23 1083
R14 Yudhister Marg. C ScQeme. JAIPUR 302005
1!7/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005
Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 T.C. No. 14/1421.
University P.O.. Palayam
TRIVANDRUM 695035
( 63471 6 98 32
1 ;: ES 795 6 23 05
{S 21 04 16 21 17
/nspection Offices ( With Sale Point ): Pushpanjali. First
Floor, 205-A West High Court Road,
Shankar Nagar Square, NAGPUR 440010 25171 I
Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar,
5 24 35 - PUNE 411005
[ c
‘ 1
*Sales Office in Calcutta is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P. 0.
Princep 27 88 00 Street. Calcutta 700072
tSales Office in Bombay is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, 88
66 28 8ombay 400007
ISales Office in Bangalore is at Unity Building, Narasimharaja
Square, 22 36 71 Bangalore 560002
Reprography Unit, BE, New Delhi, India
a: ( Reaffirmed 2003 )