Irrigation history of india

Development And Prospect Of Irrigation In India

Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya

Gujarat Technological University

Civil Engineering Department

Irrigation Engineering

Prepare byGami vivek (140073106007)

Guided by Prof. A. A. Amin

• Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops.

• Mainly used to replace missing rainfall in periods of drought.

• To supply essential moisture for plant growth, which includes transport of essential nutrients

• To leach or dilute salts in soil.• Helps in cooling the soil and atmosphere to create

more favourable environment for crop growth• Supplements the supply of water received from

precipitation and other types of atmospheric water, flood waters and ground water.

WHAT IS IRRIGATION

• Renovation, improvement and extension of existing works.

• New projects, like the Upper Ganga Canal, the Upper Bari Doab Canal and Krishna and Godavari Delta Systems.

• Major canal works like the Sirhind, the Lower Ganga, the Agra and the Mutha Canals, and the Periyar Dam and canals.

UPPER GANGA CANAL

GODAVARI DELTA SYSTEM

PERIYAR DAM

PERIYAR CANAL SYSTEM

IRRIGATION IN BRITISH INDIA

• During this period India witnessed few major famines of her entire life so better irrigation system became mandatory.

• Significant protective works constructed during the period were the Betwa Canal (MP), the Nira Left Bank Canal (Maharashtra), the Gokak Canal (Karnataka) and the Rushikulya Canal (Odisha).

BETWA CANAL

RUSHIKULYA RIVER

GOKAK FALL

• To achieve set targets of economic development, the responsibility of irrigation development was given to the Union Ministry of Water Resources

• It took initiatives from time to time on water resources development and for technical assistance to the states on irrigation, multipurpose projects, ground water exploration and exploitation, drainage, flood control, water logging, sea erosion problems, dam safety and hydraulic structures for navigation and hydropower

• Also oversees the regulation and development of inter-State rivers

IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT AFTER INDEPENDENCE

▪ Command Area Development & Water Management (CADWM):To provide central assistance for development of infrastructure to facilitate use of sprinkler / drip irrigation systems as an alternative to construction of field channels. The assistance is limited to construction of stilling tank, pump house and laying of conveyance pipes up to farmer’s fields.

• Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Program (AIBP):The AIBP was conceived in the year 1996 by the Government of India in order to provide financial assistance to States to complete various ongoing projects in the country so that envisaged irrigation potential of the project could be created and thereby extend irrigation to more areas

IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS UNDERTAKEN

PERCENTAGE OF WATER USED BY CATEGORY

irrigation; 37%

livestock; 1%mining and oil &gas;

1%public supply; 12%

thermoelectric power; 41%

aquaculture; 2% domestic; 1% industrial; 5%

LAND UTILIZATION PATTERN OF INDIA

Total geographical area : 328.72M ha*Area under forest : 70.007 M ha*Cultivable area : 180.35 M ha*Net cultivated area : 141.10 M ha*Net Area sown : 139.932 M ha*Area under nonagricultural use : 100. 45 M ha* Average of Land Holding :80 % *farmers have

Average Annual Rainfall 1170 mm

Maximum Average Annual Rainfall - 11000 mm(Cherrapunji)

Minimum Average Annual Rainfall - 100 mm(Western Rajasthan)

RAINFALL DATA

PERSIAN WHEEL PULLEY SYSTEM

CHAIN PUMPBULLOCK DRAWN WELL IRRIGATION

SOME OLDER METHODS

OF IRRIGATION

DRIP IRRIGATION SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SOME MODERN METHODS

OF IRRIGATION

FLOOD IRRIGATION

CONTOUR FARMING SOME MODERN

METHODS OF IRRIGATION

CHECKS BASIN FLOODING

BASIN IRRIGATION

SOME MODERN METHODS

OF IRRIGATION

• Technological Options (Drip Irrigation, sprinkler etc) - Micro-irrigation methods need to be adopted wherever possible.

• Revival of Diverse and Community - Based Irrigation Systems• Inter basin transfer of water (Interlinking of Rivers)• Special measures needed to revitalize the tank irrigation• Gap between potential created and utilized needs to be reduced (Completion of Canal

Networks)• Use of Sewage Water for Irrigation• Drainage Improvements• Scope for Improving Crop Yields• Options for Equitable and efficient water distribution need to be evolved. • Choosing appropriate cropping pattern for sustainable development

FUTURE POSSIBILITIES OF IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT

http://wrmin.nic.in

http://indiairrigation.blogspot.in/2009/01/history-of-irrigation-development-in_01.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation_in_India http://www.historydiscussion.net/history-of-india/irrigation-in-india-necessity-and-development-of-irrigation/

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http://www.slideshare.net/rajeshdebnath545/history-and-development-of-irrigation-in-india http://www.imd.gov.in/pages/services_hydromet.php http://www.gsdma.org/rain-fall-list.aspx

REFERANCE

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