Irreversible | Climate Change€¦ · plots and secret alliances. Irreversible ... The world economy has prospered for thousands of years now, starting from the ancient cities of

Irreversible | Climate Change HJA Brown Education Centre Committee Background Guide May 2041 !!!Irreversible | Climate Change

!Anthropogenic climate change is likely the most pressing issue of this century. In a matter of years, the earth's climate may become permanently destabilized. The balmy climate of the past has allowed the human race to develop beyond their original nature to beings who can now conquer the cosmos, but at the cost of the stability of their home. Without the will of corporations, governments and private citizens, the human race might end up being the cause of their own downfall.!Irreversible | Climate Change HJA Brown Education Centre �1

United Nations Climate It’s your world.

Table of Contents !Letter from the Dais......................................................................................................................3

Introduction..................................................................................................................................4

Timeline of Events........................................................................................................................7

Background Information...............................................................................................................9

Profile of Delegations..................................................................................................................11

Resources...................................................................................................................................16

Special Capacities......................................................................................................................18

Logistics and Decorum...............................................................................................................19

Suggested Readings and Disclaimer..........................................................................................22

Citations......................................................................................................................................23

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!!Delegates, Teachers and Staff, !On the behalf of Central Peel Secondary School and the Peel District School Board, welcome to the interactive crisis simulation, Irreversible | Climate Change. Model UN strives to provides students with an opportunity to experience diplomacy in the real world. It is much more than just public speaking, with crisis simulations involving conspiring plots and secret alliances. Irreversible | Climate Change will need delegates to research and argue their views to their peers as well as needing delegates to make hard decisions in a short timeline.

Model UN Crisis Simulations are unpredictable and are often based on elements that can change at any moment. Any delegate, from any delegation, no matter how prosperous or large can dominate the landscape. When it seems that one has come to power, a blanketed plot can emerge.

I encourage all participants to take risks and to carry out their own plots. Take part in alliances and be wary of those around you. Those who are new to simulations might want to spend the first twenty minutes of the simulation watching the actions of others. Do not rush into things if you are not ready. In time, you may just find yourself to have skills that will be imperative to the simulation.

Model United Nations is meant to be a tool to inspire students to take part in politics and diplomacy and this simulation's goal is to allow them to see this. However, if there is anything to take from this simulation, it is to have fun. I hope that all participants find Irreversible | Climate Change to be a worthwhile and engaging committee.

!!Good luck,

Yashod RamsahaCommittee DirectorIrreversible | Climate Change

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United Nations Headquarters405 East 42nd Street, New York, NY, 10017

United Nations Climate It’s your world.

Introduction The world economy has prospered for thousands of years now, starting from the ancient cities of Greece to the modern interconnected world. For all of the advancements humans have made in technology, they are still bound to the climate and, ultimately the earth. Climate is one of the few resources that can be classified as a commons; a resource that is affected by everyone and can be enjoyed by everyone. The seemingly unlimited and prosperous climate has allowed society to flourish and the economy to grow, but as the world realizes the fragility of its resource, a solution must be found to wane humans off of their reliance on climate.

In the past, government policy has dictated the actions of people on climate change but now, as more attention is given to anthropogenic climate change, it is governments who seek a solution. Years of ignoring the issue have made it imperative that a solution be found soon, lest the earth be changed irreversibly.

Evidence of a destabilized climate can be seen with current news events. Harsher and more common events are occurring such as Hurricane Sandy in 2012 and the severe heatwave across Europe in 2015. Current trends suggest that the harshness and repetitiveness of these events are likely to rise to extremes never before seen in this century.

In November 2015, the Paris Climate Change Conference was held and in the end, nations banded together and decided to act. New resources were allocated and the Paris Agreement was signed into action in April 2016. However, the agreement was not legally binding. Now, 25 years later in May 2041, the world is desperately looking for a solution to its problems. While the Paris Agreement was a start, more initiative is needed to make an impact.

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"Climate change is happening, humans are causing it, and I think this is perhaps the most serious environmental issue facing us." -Bill Nye, scientist

In the wake of the Paris Agreement, UN Climate was formed as a coalition of nations that had one goal; the preservation of the global climate. While the agency has helped with small changes to preserve the climate, no meaningful action has been taken in its twenty four years of existence.

As members of UN Climate, nations believe that:

• UN Climate is capable of reaching at least a short term solution for anthropogenic climate change in its twenty-fourth annual conference

• anthropogenic climate change is causing the world to become destabilized

• nations are responsible for their own destructive actions and that they themselves are responsible for its effects

• collectively, nations can work together with the help of new technologies to halt climate change within the next 25 years

The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, known as COP 21 had identified two immediate priority directives for UN Climate. The directives are to:

• Resolve international disputes regarding climate change. While nations are responsible for their own contributions to anthropogenic climate change, the climate is a commons that is shared by the world. Many nations believe that it is not their responsibility to deal with climate change caused by other countries but are being affected by it. As tension mounts, violence is becoming a possible outcome.

• Develop new frameworks and agreements. The world is in desperate need of new action, however since diplomacy is time consuming, it is accepted that if new frameworks and agreements are drafted, long term climate security can be achieved. All previous frameworks have been voluntary and not entirely legally binding.

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At its twenty fourth conference, UN Climate hopes to discuss three issues regarding climate change. They are:

• Trade and Diplomacy. UN Climate hopes to be the path for nations to solve disputes in relation to climate change and build new alliances.

• Infrastructure, Health and Education. The agency wishes for its participants to consider the effects of climate change on society and consider possible ways to ease the burden.

• Sustainability and Natural Resources. Even if actions are taken to halt climate change, the actions must be continuous in order to prevent the recurrence of anthropogenic climate change.

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Timeline of Events December 11, 1997 | 83 countries sign the Kyoto Protocol to fight climate change by reducing the greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.

February 16, 2005 | The Kyoto Protocol is put into effect promising to halt anthropogenic climate change.

November 12, 2007 | The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) releases its fourth assessment report to policy-makers showing that 90% of human greenhouse gas emissions are responsible for climate change.

December 10, 2007 | The Vice President of the United States, Albert Gore and the IPCC are awarded jointly the Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change."

November 29, 2010 | The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference is held in Cancún, Mexico. The talks are held and at the end of the conference, modest efforts are made to prevent climate change. A climate fund is established to help combat the effects of climate change.

October 31, 2011 | The world human population reaches 7 billion people according to the United Nations Population Fund.

October 2, 2012 | Arctic sea-ice levels shatter records, with it being its smallest since humans started recording its extent at 3.61 million square kilometres. This is a large reduction from its maximum extent which was recorded to be over 14 million square kilometres.

October 29, 2012 | Hurricane Sandy hits New York City, causing an estimated $US 19 billion in damages for the city of New York alone.

May 12, 2013 | The amount of atmospheric CO2 reaches above 400 parts per million(ppm), levels that have never been seen in modern times. Measurements similar to it were last recorded in the Pliocene epoch, 3 million years ago, when the earth was warmer and had deeper oceans.

Sep 21, 2014 | 400,000 people march across New York City to raise awareness about the increase in carbon dioxide emissions. The march ended two days before the United Nations Climate Change Summit.

Dec 12, 2015 | The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference closes in Paris. The Paris Agreement is to be signed in April 2016.

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Dec 27, 2015 | Severe flooding in England's north causes thousands to be displaced from their homes and have their possessions damaged. Climatologists warn that this is evidence that climate change is happening.

Jan 21, 2016 | Lake Poopo in Bolivia dries up leaving thousands without a source of food which the saltwater lake provided. The lake's evaporation is blamed on climate change which has increased the temperature in the area by an average of 1°C.

Apr 4, 2015 | The Paris Agreement is signed and UN Climate is formed. Protesters demonstrate in front of the United Nations Headquarters demanding more to be done about climate change calling the agreement a diversion from the truth that humanity is on the precipice of irreversible climate change.

May 2017 | The first United Nations Climate Summit is held. Nations do not have a resolution at the end of the conference due to partisanship among themselves.

Mar 21, 2025 | Over a quarter of the coral reefs in the world are extinct. Years of acidification as a result of carbon dioxide has caused them to die. The fish that lived there have become extinct and as a result, many around the world have been left without a source of food.

May 2041 | United Nations Climate hosts its 24th annual summit. The delegations are all desperately looking for a solution for the issue of climate change after it has decimated society for years.

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Background Information Trade and Diplomacy The past global climate allows the world's economies and nations to prosper. If it was to be damaged beyond repair, in all likelihood, the futures of all nations would be damaged irreparably. The stable climate of the past allowed humans to develop their technologies and improve their agriculture which in turn helped modernize the world. In 2041, the world is very different from its calm past. The harshness of the summers and winters cause death among both people and nature. Every year, less and less crops survive pushing humanity to its knees. While some countries are on their knees, others prosper creating a divide between nations. Tensions are rising as leaders of foreign nations look to feed their people.

The River Ganges | In 1961, the Republic of India begins the construction of the Farakka Barrage which would divert a bit less than 10% of the River Ganges that would otherwise flow into the People's Republic of Bangladesh. While the Indians would only divert 10% of the overall river, they would essentially reduce the amount of water coming to the Bangladeshis through the Farakka Barrage by about 85%. In recent years, the Republic of India has continued the diversion of the River Ganges causing a shortage of water for the Bangladeshis and also periodically releases excess water, flooding areas downstream. This has caused a large rift between the Indians and the Bangladeshis. !Europe | The Russian Federation's backing of Rebel forces in Eastern Europe has caused a rift between itself and Western Europe, with many nations believing that it is warmongering. The Russian Federation provides gas resources to many European nations that rely on it for heating in the winter time, but with increased hostility from the Russians, many are considering finding new trade routes for gas to be transported to Europe. !

Infrastructure, Health and Education As the climate becomes more and more different from the past, the damage it causes to humanity is great. Every year, there are thousands of deaths related to the harsh new climate

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"If you want to make peace with your enemy, you have to work with your enemy. Then he becomes your partner." -Nelson Mandela, freedom fighter and first president of South Africa

and the infrastructure of the past has not lasted against such a dangerous onslaught. More and more, the people of the earth become restless being forced to watch as their families perish and their homes get destroyed.

Coastal Flooding | As storms become more and more harsh each year, many nations are facing the threat of flooding in their cities. The United States of America is a nation that has been battered by terrible storms for quite a while now, with New York City in the path of many hurricanes. This has caused the city to have incurred a great deal of trouble in recent years and many historic monuments have been damaged. In the last decade, storms have become so harsh that about once every few years, New York City experiences a hurricane that floods most of Lower Manhattan. !

Sustainability and Natural Resources Many of the resources that contribute to climate change are non-sustainable and will eventually all run out. With increased output of these resources, it has never been more important to provide a safe and efficient transfer to new resources. In the past, humanity has been close to sustainability but has ignored it in favour of financial gain. In 2040, the availability of food is a problem and the population will not survive if the current trends of destroyed crops continue.

Food Shortage | Nations are starving as more and more, the world's fertile areas are battered by the effects of climate change. The situation only gets worse every year and now, nations that used to have an abundant supply are struggling to help those in need. Nations that have been impacted heavily are the Republic of Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. !!

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Profiles of Delegations Argentine Republic The Argentine Republic is the second largest country in South America and one of the most mega-diverse ecosystems in the world. The nation faces the threat of glacial melting which could leave Argentinians without a sustainable source of water for agriculture and drinking water. While the Argentine Republic is a supporter of the of the Western World, mainly the United States of America, it maintains icy relations with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland because it claims sovereignty over the British Overseas Territory of the Falkland Islands.

People's Republic of Bangladesh The People's Republic of Bangladesh is one of the most low-lying countries in the world. Much of the nation is only a few metres above sea level and if the sea level was to rise by only one metre, a significant portion of the nation would be flooded. As the water level rises consistently, the nation faces the challenge of erosion and flooding which is causing much of the population to face displacement. The capital city of Dhaka, which holds about 7 million people, is at risk of severe flooding. Because the People's Republic of Bangladesh has to share the River Ganges with the Republic of India, a rift has formed as the Bangladeshis believe that they do not receive an equal share of the river.

Federative Republic of Brazil The Federative Republic of Brazil is the world's fifth largest country, and the largest in both the South American and Latin American regions. It has the seventh largest economy in the world, and has been the largest coffee producer for over a century. Due to Brazil's biodiversity it is considered a mega-diverse country, which puts it at risk of many side effects due to climate

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"All for one and one for all, united we stand divided we fall." -Alexandre Dumas, author

change. As a result of it's large surface area, Brazil shares borders with every South American country with the exception of two: Ecuador and Chile.

Canada Canada is the world’s second largest country and contains over three million lakes. It is one if the world’s most diverse nations hosting within its borders a variety of biomes each having all of their own organic life. While Canada may be one of the world’s most diverse nations both in terms of culture and biodiversity, the nation relies heavily on fossil fuels for transportation as well as energy production. This country has always been considered a peacekeeper and peacemaker in the world starting with its contributions in the world wars and this reputation has extended to modern times where many nations hold very warm ties to the nation.

People's Republic of China The People’s Republic of China is the world’s most populous nation with its borders holding over 1.3 billion inhabitants. The People’s Republic of China’s huge population has been both a blessing and a curse for the nation with the nation benefiting heavily from the economic contributions of so many individuals and it has been a curse because the nation cannot seem to get a hold of its carbon emissions. Manufacturing is the nation’s most economically satisfying labour sector but this produces even more emissions for the nation to deal with. The nation enjoys acceptable diplomatic relations with most of the world, it is an especially good ally of the Russian Federation.

French Republic The French Republic is one of the world’s oldest nations with the nation being one of the most concerned with its emissions. The nation has pioneered the concept of a low carbon where the majority of the country is presently powered by nuclear energy. While this nation has strived to keep up an impressive record with climate change in the past, the 2011 Japanese earthquake has convinced it and the majority of nations that nuclear reactors are not perfect and that it might be advisable to shut them off. This nation enjoys warm relations with many nations in the world including Canada, the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. However the actions of the Russian Federation in the Crimean peninsula has caused it to look to end the economic ties from the gas the French import from the Russian Federation.

Republic of Haiti The Republic of Haiti is a small island nation located the Caribbean Sea. The nation has been a touristic destination for many in the past, but the earthquake that hit Port-au-Prince in 2010 has caused the industry to crash. Even when the nation had its majority labour sector intact, their status as an island has forced them to use oil as a major source of energy. This has made it a contributor to its demise as the nation is slowly being swallowed by the sea. This nation enjoys outstanding relations with Canada, the United States of America and the French Republic.

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Republic of Iceland The Republic of Iceland is one of the world's most isolated nations. It sits in the middle of the northern Atlantic about halfway from North America and Europe. Because it is one of the most isolated nations in the world, its population is only about three hundred thousand people with the majority living in the capital of Reykjavik. The island itself is one of the world's most active volcanic sites and the nation relies on many renewable forms of energy to power itself such as hydroelectricity and geothermal energy.

Republic of India The Republic of India is one of the southernmost countries in Asia, and is the 7th largest country overall. The economy of India is considered to be one of the fastest growing, despite the nation dealing with issues such as poverty. The country has the second highest population, having over 1.2 billion inhabitants. India borders several countries, but does not have very good relations with its northwest neighbour, Pakistan.

Republic of Indonesia The Republic of Indonesia is a country consisted of seventeen thousand separate islands. It has a population estimated to be around 225 million, and a majority of the populous lives on the island of Java. Indonesia has the world's second most biodiversity, after the Federative Republic of Brazil. It is home to many different species and ecosystems, which puts it at a heightened risk from climate change. It is a neighbouring country to Singapore and the Philippines. Indonesians have disputes with Malaysia while maintaining a close relationship with the western world.

Republic of Ireland The Republic of Ireland is a nation that is at risk of financial collapse. Years of banks loaning out money to everyone has cause them to be insolvent, meaning that they no longer have the money to operate. This forced the government to buy large portions of banks in order to stop a financial collapse. As for climate change, Ireland is an a predicament where all of its transportation services are polluting because of its status as an island. Within the nation itself, it is not better with infrastructure not having been invested in. This has caused it to be a nation that faces an ever-growing list of issues. Often, there has been resentment between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland due to the disputes of the past.

Japan Japan is the world's third largest economy and one of the most technologically advanced societies in the world. The country's huge growth in the technology sector has come at a price, it has relied for a long time on polluting ways of energy such as oil and coal. In 2011, they decided to add more of these polluting energy sources for power because earthquakes were wreaking havoc on their nuclear installations. The nation is a trusted ally of the United States and has often cooperated with it in its endeavours.

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Malaysia Malaysia is one of the world's most biodiverse nations and its recent economic prosperity has caused its biosphere to face many challenges. Malaysia is one of the few places on earth where the large carnivorous plants live and this environment is quickly being deteriorated in favour of gathering resources to sell to the world market. Oil palm, rubber and petroleum are some of the resources that are exported by this nation. It holds very amicable ties to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland despite having been subjected to colonization in the past.

Kingdom of the Netherlands The Netherlands is one of the most advanced countries in Europe and the world altogether. The principle that industry must work to prevent damage to the environment is one of the core ideas of this nation. It has led numerous efforts to prevent the destruction of the Earth's environment in the past and continues to be a leader in the UN. However, most of the countries lies below sea level and this raises concerns about potential flooding.

Republic of the Philippines The Republic of the Philippines is an island nation located in the western Pacific Ocean and is one of the world’s most biodiverse nations. The nation is one that is being hit constantly by harsher and harsher storms every year due to the changing climate. Although the island nation is a bit isolated due to its geography, it is a very close ally to the United States of America.

Portuguese Republic This nation is the westernmost nation in Europe and is also on of the oldest on the continent. This nation has been a progressive society that is concerned about the future of the planet with climate change causing radical changes around the planet. The nation itself in the past has experienced hardships because of the European Debt Crisis. This nation has very warm ties to countries such as the French Republic and the United States of America.

Russian Federation The Russian Federation is the single largest nation on earth and one of the most powerful in terms of military might. The Russian Federation is one of many Eastern European nations that rely on oil and gas in order to produce electricity and heat homes in the winter causing it to be one of the foremost contributors to climate change. Russians have often had less than friendly relations with the rest of the Western World and has specifically hostile relations with the United States of America. The Russian Federation's backing of rebels in Ukraine has caused a lot of tension to rise with Russia and many European nations condemn its actions.

Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is an island nation located south of the Indian subcontinent. This nation is one of the most at risk nations in the world with its unique biodiversity being threatened by deforestation, which in turn contributes to climate change with the nation lacking carbon sinks. Traditionally, this nation has been a neutral nation that does not partake in having any special relations with other nations.

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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The United Kingdom is one of the oldest nations in the world and is also one of the richest. A leader on the world stage, this nation once had a past full of actions that aided the progression of climate change such as coal-fired power plants. It faces the effects of climate change directly, with more rainfall coming each year and many towns experiencing severe flooding. As the situation worsens and more flooding occurring, its citizens seek a solution for their ever-growing problem.

United States of America The United States of America is one of the most advanced and free countries in the world. It is the world's largest economy but is also one of the most polluting nations. Climate change is decimating its food and water resources and it is looking towards its northern neighbour in order to receive resources. While the United States is a friend to many nations and is a world leader, some do not like the messages it sends.

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Resources Delegations do not have an unlimited of time, nor an unlimited amount of money for this conference. The pressing nature of the problem has forced nations to allocate three percent of their Gross Domestic Product(GDP) to finding its solution. This generous amount of money is the final amount that may be used for the conference. If a nation is overspending, it may impact their government. Due to the nature of international diplomacy, assets from each nation's funds may be traded to other nations through transactions for goods or monetary contributions. Money cannot be brought from a country's private funds to the conference, but money allocated to the conference can be diverted to back to its home country. Nations are encouraged to use the summit as a means to develop new technologies and processes that will reward their nations with monetary, environmental or societal compensation. Below is a chart detailing the original amount of funds that each nation is entitled to.

Delegation Population Funds Allocated(USD) Rounded Approximate(USD)

Argentine Republic 41.45 million 18,297,000,000 18.3 billion

People's Republic of Bangladesh

156.6 million 4,500,000,000 4.5 billion

Federative Republic of Brazil

200.4 million 67,380,000,000 67.4 billion

Canada 35.16 million 54,810,000,000 54.8 billion

People's Republic of China

1.357 billion 277,200,000,000 277.2 billion

French Republic 66.03 million 84,180,000,000 84.2 billion

Republic of Haiti 10.32 million 253,770,000 253.8 million

Republic of Iceland 323 thousand 459,900,000 460 million

Republic of India 1.252 billion 56,310,000,000 56.3 billion

Republic of Indonesia 249.9 million 26,049,000,000 26 billion

Republic of Ireland 4.595 million 6,963,000,000 7 billion

Japan 127.3 million 147,600,000,000 147.6 billion

Malaysia 29.72 million 9,396,000,000 9.4 billion

Kingdom of the Netherlands

17.1 million 25,605,000,000 25 billion

Republic of the Philippines

98.39 million 8,163,000,000 8.2 billion

Portuguese Republic 10.46 million 6,819,000,000 6.8 billion

Delegation

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Russian Federation 143.5 million 62,910,000,000 62.9 billion

Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

20.48 million 2,015,400,000 2 billion

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

64.1 million 80,340,000,000 80.3 billion

United States of America

318.9 million 503,100,000,000 503.1 billion

Population Funds Allocated(USD) Rounded Approximate(USD)

Delegation

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Special Capacities Black Ops Nations that are given the capacity of Black Ops are able to conduct one mission into foreign territory without any other nations knowing. This nation is also shielded from any repercussion from the use of this special power. Types of Black Ops actions are assassinations of any foreign nationals, sabotage of foreign installations and espionage. Note that assassinations can only be used to kill two people at most, sabotage can sabotage at most three installations and only one count of espionage may be done. Nations can only choose one of the three Black Ops actions. Nations granted this power are as follows: the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America.

Backdoor Cache Countries that are given the power of Backdoor Cache are able to call on $US 250 million of secret assets at any point in the conference. Nations are permitted to use these funds as they wish and have no imposed limits on the use of these assets. The nation that is granted this power is the People's Republic of China.

Humanitarian This special power allows its bearer to commandeer resources from other nations in order to aid in humanitarian cases. This special power guarantees that the bearer can receive at most $US 5 million from each nation in the summit. Any funds commandeered must be given as aid to a humanitarian crisis and cannot be kept by the bearer of the special power. This power may be used once by each nation respectively and when the power is used, the bearer must contribute a minimum of $US 15 million. Nations granted this power are: Canada, the French Republic and the Republic of Iceland.

Salvation This power allows its bearer to produce medical and humanitarian supplies at high volumes and in short amounts of time. This power remains active throughout the entire conference and its bearer retains the right to resell their products to other nations at any price that the dais agrees with. The bearer cannot be compelled by the any nation to provide their product at a lower price or for no compensation at all. Nations given this power are also protected from any backlash from other nations but are not protected from the media. The nation given this power is the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

When a delegation wishes to invoke a special power, please notify the dais by sending a personal directive. That directive will confirm that the special power has been used and the nation will loose the ability to act in that manner again. This only applies to nations that have a conditional special power; nations with powers that remain active throughout the conference only need to notify the dais about what they intend to use their power for at each specific use.

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Logistics and Decorum Time Each hour in the committee represents two days in the outside world. The committee will not see any change in time when the delegates are in recess and drastic changes will occur in the committee during that time. Strategizing and socializing is recommended in the recesses provided and open discussions about the committee are allowed. For the duration of this committee, all the events listed in the background guide are assumed to be true and all updates provided to the delegates should be considered to be accurate as well. The media will have extensive access to the summit and will be reporting on the process constantly.

Technology All delegates are encouraged to bring their personal electronic devices for use within the conference. Please note that the availability of wireless networks is not guaranteed and that delegates are warned that they may have to access the internet through their own internet provider at their own cost. While the use of technology is allowed for the duration of the conference, please note that if it is believed by the dais that a delegate is not actively participating due to being distracted by their personal electronic devices, the delegate will be added to the speaker's list and will be instructed to speak.

Decorum For the duration of the conference, business formal is the appropriate manner of dress. During moderated caucuses, the delegates are expected to be seated at their assigned seats and not to shout out but instead, raise their placards to be added to the speaker's list. In general, Robert's Rules of Order is the accepted parliamentary procedure in the committee. Delegates should always refer to the dais in their motions as "Honourable Chair" or "Honourable Dais". Voting is done by the raising of placards as well as a voice vote where "aye" is the vote that refers to acceptance of a motion and "nay" is the vote that refers to the objection to a motion. Below is a list of all of Robert's Rules of Order.

Action Spoken Motion May you interrupt a speaker?

Must the motion be seconded?

Is the motion debatable?

What vote is required?

Adjourn meeting I move that we adjourn...

✗ ✓ ✗ Majority

Recess meeting I move that we recess until...

✗ ✓ ✗ Majority

Complaints(noise, temperature, etc...)

Point of privilege ✓ ✗ ✗ No vote

Action

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Suspend further consideration of something(usually takes place before a vote or takes place to focus on new business)

I move we table... ✗ ✓ ✗ Majority

End debate I move the previous question

✗ ✓ ✗ 2/3

Postpone consideration of something

I move we postpone this matter until...

✗ ✓ ✓ Majority

Have something studied further

I move we refer this to...

✗ ✓ ✓ Majority

Amend a motion I move this motion be amended by...

✗ ✓ ✓ Majority

Introduce new business to meeting

I move that... ✗ ✓ ✓ Majority

Objection to procedure or personal affront

Point of order ✓ ✗ ✗ No vote, dais decides

Request of information Point of information ✓ ✗ ✗ No vote

Ask to begin voting procedure

I call for a division of the house

✗ ✗ ✗ No vote

Object consideration of undiplomatic vote(usually done if someone is missing from the room)

I object to consideration of this question

✓ ✗ ✗ 2/3, dais can deny motion

Take up a matter previously tabled

I move to take from the table...

✗ ✓ ✗ Majority

Reconsider something already disposed of

I move we reconsider our action relative to...

✓ ✓ ✓ Majority

Consider something out of committee schedule(usually done when a news bulletin is issued)

I move we suspend the rules and consider

✗ ✓ ✗ 2/3

Vote on a ruling by the dais

I appeal the Dais' decision

✓ ✓ ✓ Majority

Spoken Motion May you interrupt a speaker?

Must the motion be seconded?

Is the motion debatable?

What vote is required?

Action

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Committee Website Irreversible | Climate Change has a website created for use by the delegates. All information will be posted on this website and delegates are encouraged to visit it for updates. The updates are posted in a blog stream and a refresh of the page might be necessary on some devices. Please visit http://irreversibleclimatechange.weebly.com to access the committee website. Resources for this committee will be posted in the About section of the website for use by the delegates.

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Suggested Readings Jackson, Stephen T. “Climate Change.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, 29 Jan. 2016. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <http://www.britannica.com/science/climate-change>.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration. “NASA: Climate Change and Global Warming.” NASA. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 3 June 2014. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <http://climate.nasa.gov>.

National Geographic Society. “Global Warming -- National Geographic.” National Geographic. National Geographic, 20 Jan. 2016. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/>.

Nino, Florencia Soto. “United Nations and Climate Change.” United Nations. United Nations, 1 Nov. 2011. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <http://www.un.org/climatechange/>.

Qin, D, et al. Climate Change: The Physical Science Basis | Summary for the Policymakers. Cambridge: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2013. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf>.

United Nations. Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Cambridge: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014. 23 Feb. 2016. <https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/ar5_wgII_spm_en.pdf>.

United Nations. Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Cambridge: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2015. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_summary-for-policymakers.pdf>.

United Nations. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Cambridge: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2015. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf>.

Disclaimer While some of the facts used in this guide are correct, the guide itself is a work of fiction meant to encourage deliberation on the issue of climate change. Any logos and pictures depicting the United Nations are registered by the United Nations. United Nations Climate(UN Climate) is not an actual agency that operates under the umbrella of the United Nations and is therefore not under its legal protections. The works cited of this guide are complete as to the knowledge of all in the committee; there was no willful omission of citations. !!Irreversible | Climate Change HJA Brown Education Centre �22

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Hurst, Cameron G. “Japan | History - Geography.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, 30 Oct. 2015. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <http://www.britannica.com/place/Japan>.

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José Davēd. “Royalty Free HD Stock Footage Coal Plant Polution Emissions Smokestack Water Factory.” YouTube. YouTube, 14 May 2013. 22 Jan. 2016. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YiLZQFX4wA4>.

Kristinsson, Valdimar. “Iceland | History - Geography.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, 7 May 2015. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <http://www.britannica.com/place/Iceland>.

Lawless, Robert. “Haiti | History - Geography.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, 17 Feb. 2016. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <http://www.britannica.com/place/Haiti>.

Legge, John David. “Indonesia | History - Geography.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, 12 May 2015. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <http://www.britannica.com/place/Indonesia>.

Lockard, Craig A. “Malaysia | History - Geography.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, 16 Oct. 2015. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <http://www.britannica.com/place/Malaysia>.

Medvedkov, Olga L. “Russia | History - Geography.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, 10 Nov. 2015. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <http://www.britannica.com/place/Russia>.

Meijer, Henk. “Netherlands | History - Geography.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, 8 May 2015. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <http://www.britannica.com/place/Netherlands>.

Morton, William Lewis. “Canada | History - Geography.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, 16 Dec. 2015. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <http://www.britannica.com/place/Canada>.

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Poppino, Rollie E. “Brazil | History - Geography.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, 27 Jan. 2016. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <http://www.britannica.com/place/Brazil>.

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Smith, Catherine Delano. “Portugal | History - Geography.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, 12 Feb. 2016. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <http://www.britannica.com/place/Portugal>.

Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. “India | History - Geography.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, 8 Feb. 2016. Web. 23 Feb. 2016. <http://www.britannica.com/place/India>.

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WiseWolf. “Aerial Footage of Garzweiler Germany - Surface Lignite Mining.” YouTube. YouTube, 29 Nov. 2015. 22 Jan. 2016. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FufsbuSiIDc>.

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