Iron and Steel Industries
Iron and Steel Industries
Iron and Steel Industry
Iron and Steel Industry in India is on an upswing because of the strong global and domestic demand. India's rapid economic growth and soaring demand by sectors like infrastructure, real estate and automobiles, at home and abroad, has put Indian steel industry on the global map. According to the latest report by International Iron and Steel Institute (IISI), India is the seventh largest steel producer in the world.
History of Iron and
Steel Industry in India
Iron and Steel industry in the country has
experienced a sustainable growth since the
independence of the country. A humble beginning
of the modern steel industry was reached in
India at Kulti in West Bengal in the year 1870.
But the outset of bigger production became
noticeable with the establishment of a steel
plant in Jamshedpur in Bihar in 1907. It started
production in 1912. The new township was
named after Jamshed ji Tata.
It was, however, only after
Independence that the steel
industry was able to find a
strong foothold in the country.
Excluding the Jamshedpur plant
of the Tatas, all are in the public
sector and looked after by Steel
Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL).
Some other Industries
Bhilai and Bokaro Steel
plant were set up with
Soviet alliance. Durgapur
and Rourkela came up
with British and West
German technical
expertise, respectively.
India’s export of Iron and Steel
(In m
illion t
ons)
Tata Steel
Tata Steel is a top ten global steel maker and the world’s second most geographically diversified steel producer.
Tata Steel was founded in India in 1907. Since 2004 the Company has expanded globally, acquiring Asian steel producers NatSteel and Millennium Steel (now called Tata Steel Thailand) as well as Europe’s second largest steel producer Corus (now called Tata Steel Europe Limited).
Tata Steel is part of the Tata Group, India’s largest industrial conglomerate. Both Tata and Tata Steel have a long history of charitable donations and social responsibility, with Tata spending approximately 4% of the Company’s profit after tax on corporate social responsibility initiatives.
Tata Steel endeavors to improve the quality of life in the communities in which the Company operates. Tata Steel’s charitable projects have touched the lives of over 800,000 people in India.
Facts about Tata Steel
Tata Steel is the world's 6th largest steel company.
An existing annual crude steel capacity of 28 million tons. Asia's first integrated steel plant and
India's largest integrated private sector steel company is now the world's second most geographically diversified steel producer.
Tata Steel plans to grow and globalise through organic and inorganic routes.
Its 5 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) Jamshedpur Works plans to double its capacity by 2010..
JAMSHEDHJI TATA
The Iron and steel Industry in India has 2
separate divisions:
Integrated producers
Secondary producers
Amongst the Integrated producers, the
major producers include Tata Iron and
Steel Company Limited (TISCO),
Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited
(RINL) and Steel Authority of India
Limited (SAIL), who generate steel by
converting iron ore.
The Secondary producers like Ispat
Industries, Lloyds steel and Essar
Steel, create steel through the process
of melting scrap iron. These are mainly
small steel plants and produce steel in
electric furnaces, using scrap and
sponge iron. They produce both mild
steel and alloy steel of given
specifications.
World War II impact on
Steel Industries
• During World War II, industry production increased
sharply because of steel's importance to war mobilization.
Some of this increase was a result of production returning
to full capacity after the depression.
• India pushed forward for making Iron and Steel for
Japanese Army.
• Meanwhile, the United States controlled 60 percent of the
world's steelmaking potential.
Iron and Steel industries of USA
The first iron works in America, called
Hammersmith, began operation in 1647 in
Saugus, Massachusetts, but lasted only
five years. When Americans switched fuels
from charcoal or wood to coal in the early
nineteenth century, larger operations
became possible. The discovery of huge
iron ore deposits in the northern Great
Lakes region during the 1840s gave a
further boost to production.
American iron-masters developed their own variations of these English techniques, depending on local resources like the quality of their iron and the efficiency of their fuel. A means of automating iron production was not developed until the 1930s.
In the nineteenth century, the American iron market produced a wide variety of products. Stoves, gun parts, cannons, and machinery were among key early uses for iron. Iron also played a crucial role in the development of railroads.
U.S. Steel was the first business in history to be valued by the stock market at over one billion dollars U.S. Steel's ten divisions reflected the diversity of steel products made at that time, including steel wire, steel pipe, structural steel (for bridges, buildings, and ships), sheet steel (which would go largely for automobile bodies in subsequent decades), and tin plate (once used for roofing shingles, it would increasingly go to make tin cans).
A LOOK AT GLOBAL PRODUCTION (I
n m
illio
n m
etric
tons)
Based on study: 2009-2011
MINING
Mining is the first step in the production of
iron and steel.
Earth is excavated deep in search of iron
ore.
Breaking and cutting of iron ore takes place
to receive raw iron.
*
Raw Materials from the iron ore are
put in a particularly hot fire lead in
the embers of the fire. This is done to
get the mixture of Iron Ore and
Charcoal that is burnt with the help of
a blast of air from hand worked
bellows.
THE FINERY & CHAFERY
Iron tapped from the blast furnace is pig iron, and contains
significant amounts of carbon and silicon. To produce
malleable wrought iron, it needs to undergo a further
process. In the finery, remelting of pig iron takes place so
as to oxidise the carbon (and silicon). This produces a lump
of iron known as a bloom. This is consolidated using a
water-powered hammer. The next stages were undertaken
by the hammering, because the bloom is highly porous, and
its open spaces are full of slag, it is to be beaten with a
hammer, to drive the molten slag out of it, and then to
draw the bloom out into a bar to produce bar iron. In the
course of doing so, reheating of the iron, takes place in
chafery to remove any impurities as such impurities in any
mineral fuel would affect the quality of the iron.
The puddling furnace is a metalmaking technology used to create steel from the pig iron produced in a blast furnace. The furnace is constructed to pull the hot air over the iron without it coming into direct contact with the fuel, a system generally known as a reverberatory furnace or open hearth furnace. The major advantage of this system is keeping the impurities of the fuel separated from the charge.
The Puddling
Separation of quality
OAfter the bar iron is refined. It is
ready to be classified. Iron is
separated according to its qualities.
Such as Cementation, Crucible,
Bessemer steel.
• A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally iron.
• In a blast furnace, fuel and ore and flux (limestone) are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while air is blown into the bottom of the chamber, so that the chemical reactions take place throughout the furnace as the material moves downward. The end products are usually molten metal and slag phases tapped from the bottom, and flue gases exiting from the top of the furnace. The downward flow of the ore and flux in contact with an upflow of hot, carbon monoxide rich combustion gases is a countercurrent exchange process.
WHAT IS A BLAST FURNACE?
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A Presentation by Kavaj Burdak and Abhinav Nain.