Iraq Under the Rule of Saddam Hussein

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IRAQ UNDER THE RULE OF

SADDAM HUSSEIN

Mark SpiteriSamuel AttardMatthew VellaReubenVella BaldacchinaJulian Grech

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Iraq is a country plaguedwith horrendous fighting

amongst its own people.

This only increasedduring Saddams regime.

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Iraq is divided because of different political beliefs.

Three main groups are the Shia, Sunni and Kurdi.

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SUNNI, SHIA AND KURDI

These are the three main types of ethnic

groups in Iraq

The shia form 60% of the iraqi population

The Sunnimake up 20% of the Iraqi

population.

These two ethnic groups have the same

fundamental islamic beliefs but they havepolitical differences

Another important ethnic group is the kurdi

people inhabit a region known as kurdistan

and iraq formed part of this region

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SADDAMS RELATION WITH THE IRAQI ETHNIC

GROUPS

Saddam formed part of the Sunni ethnic group.

He suppressed movements initiated by the kurdish

and the shia.

All the positions of power were filled with Sunni

people.

Saddam ordered the killing of 148 shiites in 1982.

There was a large scale ethnic cleaning that killed180,000 kurds between 1983 and 1988.

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HOW DID SADDAM GET TO BECOME

LEADER IF IRAQ?

1958 saddam joined the socialaist Baath party which later led him to politics.

In 1959 aftr the english left, a group of young Baathists opposed the current iraqi

primeminister and also atempted to assasinate him.saddam who was atthat current time

a hitman, atempted to assasinate the primeminister but failed and was forced to flee the

country to syria and cairo where he started studying law.

In 1968 saddam after being jailed he escaped prison , the baath part y gained power andSaddam served as acting deputy chairman of the party's ruling Revolutionary Command

Council.

He began to gather miany government departments under him to make himself

indispensible to the leader Bakr.

as a leader he was known to be ruthless and thuggish. According to published accounts,

Saddam eliminated anyone who opposed him and carried out mass executions of peoplewho could pose a threat to his regime.

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SADDAMS LEADERSHIP

In 1979 Bakr was forced to resign by saddam, after

which he declared himself as leader of the Iraqis

removing the right for the iraqi citizens to vote freely in

fair democratic elections .(side notes ) This led to people from other countries calling for

his removal from the position of power . Calls also

came in from the neighbouring country Iran, whose

governement had just altered to anti-baathist .

A writing that describe Saddams leadership was : Said

Aburish notes-: First ,enemies were neutralised, be

they individuals , ethnic or religious groups or political

parties. Simultaneously, ambitious social and economic

programmes were pursued at breakneck speed.(Wikipedia.com)

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SADDAM AND THE MILITARY

saddam set up an organisation called the popular

army.

This increased his stranglehold on the country (this led

to the reduction of human rights.

At various instances saddam suppressed the rights of

his own citizens and soldiers through his military power:

1. saddam made his army suffer in the invasion of

kuwait.They were tired and hungry and had various

days without food .

2. His army carried out various actions through which

they reduced education and public health of the iraqi

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HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS

In 2002 EU made a statment saying that human

rights in Iraq were still being disregarded. Next year

Bush led an attack against Iraq .

Political participation only for those in baath party.

Torture centers found around police stations and

security offices in Iraq.

Tortures and violations carried out by saddam

himself and eleven other men called : SaddamsDirty Dozen.

In 1994 Hussein regime delivered very severe

punishments to law breakers including death and

amputations for petty crimes .

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PROPAGANDA AND BRAINWASHING

BY SADDAMS REGIME

His statue stood infront of every village .

His portrait watched over each government

office

His portrait peered down from atleast one wall

in every household.

In Kuwait those that failed to remove the pictureof Emir and replace them with those of Saddam

were executed.

Various pictures of Saddam were drawn all over

the city , on the streets and buildings.

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ATROCITIES COMMITTED BY SADDAM

Political murders1. March 1982: during a cabinet meeting he asked

the minister of health to step out of the room and

then he shot him ,then returned to the meeting asif nothing happened.

2. Colonel Sirri : He was not a baathist ,therefore

saddam arrested him accusing him of being a

CIA agent .After intense torture he would not

yield ,therefore saddam ordered his soldiers to

threaten him with raping female membersof his

family .Siri gave in and was shot.

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PUBLIC ATROCITIES1. Used mustard and nerve gas against opposition killing

5000 people .2. In 1991 he killed 30,000 60,000 kurdish and shiaa to

suppress their insurgencies.

3. Ordered destruction of iraqs marsh lands to prevent the

march arabs from taking what they said was their land .

4. Led his people into a war with the west after ignoring

calls fromUS to rilenquish all weapons of mass

destruction.

5. December 1974 five shiaa arabs were executed forposing a threat to baathists and later 20,000 shiaas

were expelled.

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6. Some people were arrested and killed for failing to

replace photos of the emir with photos of saddam.

7. Electric shocks ,beatings to sensitive parts of the

body ,breaking of limbs ,finger and toenails plucked off

treaths of sexual assault and execution

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Amnesty international-we cannot even publish more

details on former torture victims

Ed vulliamy a journalist for the observer this is what

happened to the victims of Musayyib.In the wake of

an insurrection anyone suspected with taking part was

ordered or taken to an outdoor space and boardedonto vehicles. The vehicles were driven out into

nowhere .there the captives were lined up, hands tied

and blind folded and pushed into the bottom of pits and

in the earthy tomb shot dead.

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IRAQS FOREIGN RELATIONSHIPS

UNDER SADDAM HUSSEINS CONTROL.

Iraq did not have very good foreign relations with

other countries .saddam angered both the US and

the UK when he refused to move his troops out of

Kuwait. The Iraqi shiites rebeled thinking they have support

from the americans and irans but they didnt actualy

have that support.They were eradicated through

saddams commands .

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WAR BETWEEN U.S. AND IRAQ

The purpose of the assault on the Iraqi people was

to remove any potentially destructive weapons in

Saddams possession .

the attack started on March 19, 2003 and the warended on May 1st 2003 .

The estimated number of iraqis that died in this war

is that of 1.5million.

Saddam was captured on December 14th and

executed on december 30th 2004 .

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CONSEQUENCES OF SADDAMS DICTATORIAL

LEADERSHIP

Iraq was a country ruled by its beliefs and

for this reason the population is seperated

into various groups of people with different

beliefs in the way that their country shouldbe governed.

Saddam was a ruthless and unforgiving

leader who killed thousands of kurds, shiite

men and women.

Important positions in government were only

given to Sunni therefore after his death a lot

of people were left in a lower social class

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NUMBER OF DEATHS

WHEN SADDAM WAS DICTATOR

Iraqis sanctionned under saddamsregime

1,000,000

1991 rebellion 300,000

Iraq-Iran War 950,000

Kurdi and shiites 700,000

Total dead : c. 2,950,000

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SADDAM THE HAND THAT FED

During the 1960s Iraq also experienced an increase in growth in

its infrastructure and economic sector his rule, due to measurestaken by Saddam for the interests and development of the state.

Saddams government fought for the free obligatory educationIraq needed to build a stronger society and also promoted women

education.

The support by Saddam to farmer and others living in ruralareas in Iraq gave rise to the production and thus to an increasedincome.

Despite the obvious negative effects ofSaddams regime, Iraq still experienced

moments of prosperity under his rule

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In the end Saddam was captured by the americans

and was publicly executed by hanging in front of theoublic. He remained a fighter to the end refusing to

hide his face .