Iran: What’s in a Name? • Historically known as Persia until 1935, when Reza Shah Pahlavi asked for the country to be called by its native name • Iran means “Land of the Aryans” • Persia derived from ancient Greek name for Iran, Persis – Name comes from a region in southern Iran called Pars
Iran: What’s in a Name?. Historically known as Persia until 1935, when Reza Shah Pahlavi asked for the country to be called by its native name Iran means “Land of the Aryans” Persia derived from ancient Greek name for Iran, Persis Name comes from a region in southern Iran called Pars. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Iran: What’s in a Name?
• Historically known as Persia until 1935, when Reza Shah Pahlavi asked for the country to be called by its native name
• Iran means “Land of the Aryans”• Persia derived from ancient Greek
name for Iran, Persis– Name comes from a region in southern
Iran called Pars
Location
• Asia: The Middle East• North: former Soviet Republics• South: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman• East: Afghanistan, Pakistan• West: Turkey, Iraq
• Major Cities: Tehran, Tabriz, Mashhad, Esfahan, Shiraz
• Shah given more power in Iran, but became increasingly paranoid
• Shah began a program of modernization and westernization
• Shah was allied with the US, and the US supported the Shah
• Britain regained access to Iranian oil
On your Left Side, examine this picture and answer the question. Here’s a picture of the Shah having a drink with American President Carter. Think about this image. What would a devout Muslim in Iran think about it? Why?
• On your Left Side, answer:
• What do you think about the United States and CIA involvement in Iran? Why?
Ayatollah KhomeiniAyatollah KhomeiniLeads the RevolutionLeads the RevolutionAyatollah KhomeiniAyatollah Khomeini
Leads the RevolutionLeads the Revolution
Khomeini returns to Iran
on February 11, 1979.
Q7
Islamic Revolution (1979)• Transformed Iran from a monarchy under Pahlavi dynasty to an
Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution and founder of the Islamic Republic.
• It has been called the third great revolution in history• Helped make Islamic fundamentalism a political force • Constitution based on rule by Islamic jurists
– Khomeini—Supreme leader (lifetime appointment)– President—Head of the Government– Cabinet– Supreme Court– Legislation
Ayatollah Ayatollah KhomeiniKhomeini
(r. 1979-1989)(r. 1979-1989)
Ayatollah Ayatollah KhomeiniKhomeini
(r. 1979-1989)(r. 1979-1989) 1902 – 1989.
Became an Islamic scholar (studied in Qom).
Began to speak out against the Shah in the 1960s.
Arrested and imprisoned several times by the Shah.
Deported in 1978 & went to France.
EFFECTS: 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran
• Shah fled Iran, took his money with him!
• Ayatollah Khomeini returned to Iran
• Iran became an Islamic theocracy, ruled by Sharia Law
• The new government was anti-American (“The Great Satan”) and anti-Israeli
• Hostage crisis and the Iran-Iraq War
Triumphant Muslim Clerics & Triumphant Muslim Clerics & Iranian SoldiersIranian Soldiers
Triumphant Muslim Clerics & Triumphant Muslim Clerics & Iranian SoldiersIranian Soldiers
Q8A theocracy is
created!
SAVAK Suspects TakenSAVAK Suspects TakenSAVAK Suspects TakenSAVAK Suspects Taken
The Fate of the The Fate of the Shah’s GeneralsShah’s GeneralsThe Fate of the The Fate of the Shah’s GeneralsShah’s Generals
Iranian Revolutionary Poster
• The caption reads: When the devil leaves, the angel returns!
• On your Left Side: What changes does this poster specifically refer to? Explain.
On your Left Side,
•Design your own political button for in support of the changes made by the Ayatollah.
American Embassy American Embassy inin
Tehran Taken OverTehran Taken Over
American Embassy American Embassy inin
Tehran Taken OverTehran Taken Over
Q9
Iran: Takes American Hostages
• Iran’s new government set up an Islamic Republic.
• Relations with the United States broke down.
• In 1979, a mob of Iranian students took Americans hostage.
Iran: Takes American Hostages
• The Iranian government gave permission for the Americans to be taken hostage.
• The Americans were held by force for over 1 year.
52 Americans Held 52 Americans Held Hostage for 444 Hostage for 444
Days!Days!
52 Americans Held 52 Americans Held Hostage for 444 Hostage for 444
Days!Days!
On your Left Side:
• Imagine you were one of the hostages. What do you think was going to happen to you based upon the recent events of the Iranian Revolution?
• Explain.
President Carter President Carter Becomes a Hostage, Becomes a Hostage,
TooToo
President Carter President Carter Becomes a Hostage, Becomes a Hostage,
TooToo
Hostage Rescue Hostage Rescue DisasterDisaster
Hostage Rescue Hostage Rescue DisasterDisaster
52 American 52 American HostagesHostages
Released in Jan., Released in Jan., 19811981
52 American 52 American HostagesHostages
Released in Jan., Released in Jan., 19811981
EFFECTS: 1979 Iran Hostage Crisis
• Anti-Iranian feeling in US (sale of Iranian flags actually increased!)
• President Carter seen as having failed to gain release of hostages
• Conservative Republican President Ronald Reagan won 1980 Presidential election in US
• Hostages released on Reagan’s inauguration in exchange for $8 billion ($5 billion was used by Iran to pay debts to US anyway)
• Khomeini needed money with war against Iraq looming
1980s—strained time with US
• 52 U.S. diplomats held hostage by group of Iranian terrorists who took over American embassy in support of the Islamic revolution.
• 444 day hostage crisis ended in 1981• The incident was seen by many as a blow against
U.S. influence in Iran and its support of the recently fallen Shah of Iran, Pahlavi, who had recently been allowed into the United States for cancer treatment.
• In Iran, the crisis is thought to have strengthened the political hold of radical anti-American forces who supported the hostage taking.
• The crisis also marked the beginning of American legal action, or sanctions, that weakened economic ties between Iran and America.
The Khomeini RevolutionThe Khomeini RevolutionThe Khomeini RevolutionThe Khomeini Revolution
Women in IranWomen in IranWomen in IranWomen in Iran
A woman’s hijab A woman’s hijab represents her represents her
Islamic and moral Islamic and moral values.values.
A woman’s hijab A woman’s hijab represents her represents her
Islamic and moral Islamic and moral values.values.
Political Cartoon Political Cartoon CommentaryCommentary
Political Cartoon Political Cartoon CommentaryCommentary
The dictatorship is gone! The dictatorship is gone! Bring on the dictatorship!Bring on the dictatorship!The dictatorship is gone! The dictatorship is gone! Bring on the dictatorship!Bring on the dictatorship!
On your Left side:
What is the message of this political cartoon?Explain.
Support for the Support for the Palestinian CausePalestinian CauseSupport for the Support for the
Palestinian CausePalestinian Cause
The Ayatollah with
Yasir Arafat.
Funds Hamas and Hezbollah.
Iran
• The Iranian Revolution (1979) was followed by the Iraq/Iran War which began in 1980 (and discussed earlier in this presentation).
Khomeini’s Khomeini’s DeathDeath
(June, 1989)(June, 1989)
Khomeini’s Khomeini’s DeathDeath
(June, 1989)(June, 1989)
Iran: Government
Iran: Government
• Iran is a theocracy – a government ruled by religious leaders.
Iranian Supreme Leader Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali KhameneiAyatollah Ali KhameneiIranian Supreme Leader Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali KhameneiAyatollah Ali Khamenei
The Ayatollah represents the fundamentalist Mullahs.
Support for the Support for the Shi’ites in Iraq Shi’ites in Iraq
TodayToday
Support for the Support for the Shi’ites in Iraq Shi’ites in Iraq
TodayToday
Moqtada al-Sadr, radical Shi’ite leader in Fallujah,
Iraq
Iran: Government
• Iran has an elected president and legislature (chosen by the spiritual leader).
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Born 1956 Engineer, Party: Alliance of Builders of
Islamic Iran Elected mayor of Tehran in 2003 Won ~60% of the popular vote in 2005
presidential election Outspoken and often controversial for his
views on Israel, the US, Great Britain, and human rights
The Summer 2009 Elections (June 12)
Candidates Ahmadinejad and Mir-Hussein Mousavi receive 62% and 34% of the popular vote, respectively
Public outcry came against wide-spread accusations of voting irregularities
Video Commentary
– This link is one of a HUGE amount of material on this election available online. The elections were Tweeted, Facebooked, 24 hour news networked, commented, Wikied, Huffington Posted, and more!