DOI:10.29252/ijn.32.121.30 Iran Journal of Nursing (IJN) Dec 2019: 30- 43 32, No. 121, Vol The Association of Competence and Critical Thinking in the Nurses in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Haleh Jafari 1 , *Taraneh Taghavi Larijani 2 , Fataneh Ghadirian 3 Hormat Sadat Emamzadeh Ghasemi 4 Abstract Background & Aims: The growing sophistication of modern diseases demands a critical level of nursing competence, which could enhance the quality of patient care and patient satisfaction with nurses. Nursing competence is influenced by several factors, such as the clinical environment, work experience, motivation, theoretical knowledge, and personal traits of nurses. In addition, critical thinking could affect the competence of nurses. Critical thinking enables individuals to make decisions and take actions when there are no specific answers, and opposing forces influence decision-making. Critical thinking is a fundamental process for safe, efficient, and skilled nursing in various situations and is also essential to the competence of healthcare professional for the assessment, diagnosis, and effective patient care. Regardless of the correlation of these two variables, competence and critical thinking should be evaluated separately since they are vital to the management, provision, and fulfillment of healthcare services. Therefore, it is possible to ensure the quality of the healthcare services provided to patients by determining the educational needs of nurses and the area that requires improvement. The assessment of these criteria not only assists nurses and managers to be aware of the quality of the competence and critical thinking of nurses, but it also identifies their cognitive deficiencies and weaknesses for their rectification and improvement. Considering the complexity of the assessment of each of the variables of competence and critical thinking and their association in the nurses working in hospitals where many patients with special and complicated conditions refer to, the present study aimed to evaluate the association of competence and critical thinking in the nurses of Imam Khomeini Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2019 on 170 nurses at Imam Khomeini Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, who were selected via proportionate stratified sampling. To achieve the research objectives, data were collected using the competency inventory for registered nurses (CIRN) and Ricketts' critical thinking dispositions questionnaire. The inclusion criteria were employment with a bachelor's or higher nursing degree, employment in Imam Khomeini Hospital, work experience of more than one year, no employment in managerial and executive positions, and no apprenticeship. Incomplete questionnaires were excluded from the study. The questionnaires were completed in a self-reported manner. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, mean, and standard deviation) and analytical statistics, including the analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent t-test, Pearson's correlation-coefficient (r), and Spearman's correlation-coefficient (ρ), Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test, at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean age of the nurses (n=170) was 34.38±7.06, and 146 participants (85.9%) were female. The majority of the participants (53.5%) were employed in the public sector and 47.1% had a formal contract. The 1 . PhD Candidate in Nursing, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 . Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (*Corresponding author) Tel: 021-66927171 Email: [email protected]3 . Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomain, Iran 4 . Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Downloaded from ijn.iums.ac.ir at 21:18 IRST on Monday December 7th 2020
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DOI:10.29252/ijn.32.121.30
Iran Journal of Nursing (IJN)
Dec 2019: 30- 43 32, No. 121, Vol
The Association of Competence and Critical Thinking in the Nurses in
Imam Khomeini Hospital, Affiliated to Tehran University of Medical
Abstract Background & Aims: The growing sophistication of modern diseases demands a critical level of nursing
competence, which could enhance the quality of patient care and patient satisfaction with nurses. Nursing
competence is influenced by several factors, such as the clinical environment, work experience, motivation,
theoretical knowledge, and personal traits of nurses. In addition, critical thinking could affect the competence of
nurses. Critical thinking enables individuals to make decisions and take actions when there are no specific
answers, and opposing forces influence decision-making. Critical thinking is a fundamental process for safe,
efficient, and skilled nursing in various situations and is also essential to the competence of healthcare
professional for the assessment, diagnosis, and effective patient care. Regardless of the correlation of these two
variables, competence and critical thinking should be evaluated separately since they are vital to the
management, provision, and fulfillment of healthcare services. Therefore, it is possible to ensure the quality of
the healthcare services provided to patients by determining the educational needs of nurses and the area that
requires improvement. The assessment of these criteria not only assists nurses and managers to be aware of the
quality of the competence and critical thinking of nurses, but it also identifies their cognitive deficiencies and
weaknesses for their rectification and improvement. Considering the complexity of the assessment of each of the
variables of competence and critical thinking and their association in the nurses working in hospitals where
many patients with special and complicated conditions refer to, the present study aimed to evaluate the
association of competence and critical thinking in the nurses of Imam Khomeini Hospital affiliated to Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2019 on 170
nurses at Imam Khomeini Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, who were selected via
proportionate stratified sampling. To achieve the research objectives, data were collected using the competency
inventory for registered nurses (CIRN) and Ricketts' critical thinking dispositions questionnaire. The inclusion
criteria were employment with a bachelor's or higher nursing degree, employment in Imam Khomeini Hospital,
work experience of more than one year, no employment in managerial and executive positions, and no
apprenticeship. Incomplete questionnaires were excluded from the study. The questionnaires were completed in
a self-reported manner. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics (frequency
distribution, mean, and standard deviation) and analytical statistics, including the analysis of variance
(ANOVA), independent t-test, Pearson's correlation-coefficient (r), and Spearman's correlation-coefficient (ρ),
Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test, at the significance level of 0.05.
Results: The mean age of the nurses (n=170) was 34.38±7.06, and 146 participants (85.9%) were female. The
majority of the participants (53.5%) were employed in the public sector and 47.1% had a formal contract. The
1. PhD Candidate in Nursing, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (*Corresponding author) Tel: 021-66927171 Email: [email protected] 3. Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomain, Iran 4. Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of
چکیده داشتنها در دنیای امروز، توجه به صالحیت پرستاران اهمیت بیشتری یافته است. بیشتر بیماریچه هرهای با توجه به پیچیدگی :زمینه و هدف
کاری، عوامل متعددی همچون محیط بالینی، تجربهشود. می پرستاران از بیمار رضایت افزایش و بیمار از مراقبت کیفیت بهبود به منجر صالحیت
عواملی از نیز یکی انتقادی گذارد. عالوه بر موارد فوق، تفکرثیر میأآنان ت صالحیت پرستاریپرستاران بر فردی خصوصیات و نظری دانش انگیزه،
واضح هایگیری و اقدام نماید که پاسختصمیم مواردی در تا کندمی فرد را وادار ،تفکر انتقادی. ثیرگذار باشدأت پرستاران صالحیت بر تواندکه می است
ایمن، پرستاری برای اساسی یندآفر تفکر انتقادی یک دهند.ثیر قرار میأتحت ت را گیریتصمیم ،مخالف و نیروهای ندارد وجود خاصی هایروش و
از مؤثر و صحیح مراقبت و تشخیص ارزیابی، در بهداشتی متخصص یک صالحیت شود و برایهای مختلف محسوب میدر موقعیت ماهرانه و کارآمد
نیز دارای اهمیت فارغ از ارتباط بین این دو متغیر، سنجش هر کدام از متغیرهای صالحیت و تفکر انتقادی پرستاران به تنهایی است. حیاتی بیماران
و پرستاران آموزشی نیازهای ترتیب، این به. دارد آن اهداف تحقق و مراقبتی اقدامات در ارائه فرآیند مدیریت در مهمی بسیاری است؛ چرا که نقش
نمود. سنجش این عوامل حاصل اطمینان بیماران از مراقبت مطلوب خدمات ارائه از توانمی و گرددمی تشخیص قابل دارد پیشرفت به نیاز که ایزمینه
و کمبودها شناسایی به منجر بلکه باشند داشته آگاهی پرستاران و تفکر انتقادی صالحیت کیفیت به نسبت تا کندمی کمک مدیران و پرستاران به تنها نه
و ارتباط فکر انتقادیتبا توجه به اهمیت بررسی هر یک از متغیرهای صالحیت و .گرددآنان و اصالح و تقویت این موارد نیز می شناختی هایضعف
با حاضر ، مطالعهشودهایی که محل ارجاع بسیاری از بیماران با شرایط خاص و پیچیده محسوب میدر بیمارستانشاغل پرستاران آنان به ویژه در
امام خمینی )ره( شهر تهران انجام شد. بیمارستانر هدف تعیین ارتباط صالحیت و تفکر انتقادی پرستاران شاغل د
پرستار بیمارستان امام 170 پژوهش های ایننمونه .انجام شد 1398ه که در سال بود از نوع همبستگی توصیفیحاضر مقطعی مطالعهروش بررسی:
های از پرسشنامه ،به منظور دستیابی به اهداف پژوهش. دندش ای متناسب وارد مطالعهخمینی )ره( دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران بودند که به روش طبقه
ورود به این مطالعه شامل اشتغال به کار به عنوان پرستار فارغ هایمعیار استفاده شد. Rickettsو تفکر انتقادی (CIRN)صالحیت پرستاران
یی و یا التحصیل کارشناسی )یا باالتر(، پرستاری در بیمارستان امام خمینی )ره(، سابقه کار بیش از یک سال، عدم اشتغال در سمت مدیریتی و اجرا
ها به شیوه خودگزارشتکمیل نشده بودند از مطالعه خارج شدند. پرسشنامههایی که به صورت کامل اشتغال در قالب کار دانشجویی بود. پرسشنامه
گیری از آمار توصیفی )توزیع و با بهره SPSSنرم افزار آماری 16های به دست آمده از پرسشنامه با استفاده از نسخه دهی تکمیل شدند و داده
آزمون تی مستقل و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و اسپیرمن، من ویتنی یو و کروسکال فراوانی، میانگین و انحراف معیار( و تحلیلی )آنالیز واریانس،
لحاظ شد. 05/0تحلیل قرار گرفتند. سطح معنی داری والیس( مورد تجزیه و
کنندگان نفر از شرکت 146بود و 38/34 ± 06/7پرستار شرکت کننده در این مطالعه 170نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که میانگین سن یافته ها:
( و به طور میانگین %1/47، استخدام آنان رسمی بود ) (%5/53( زن بودند. بیشتر شرکت کنندگان در بخش های عمومی مشغول به کار بودند )9/85%)
درک کارشناسی ( دارای مدرک کارشناسی و مابقی دارای م%9/85نفر ) 146سال سابقه کار در بالین داشتند. از پرستاران مشارکت کننده 82/10 ± 83/6
بر اساس نمره دهی ابزار، نمره کل صالحیت پرستاران در حد ( بود که220)از 74/169 ± 04/16ارشد بودند. میانگین نمره کل صالحیت در پرستاران
دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایرانپرستاری، گروه داخلی جراحی، دانشجوی دکتری. 1شماره تماس: )*نویسنده مسئول( گروه روان پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران، دانشیار. 2
66927171-021 [email protected]: وم پزشکی خمین، خمین، ایران. استادیار، گروه پرستاری، دانشگاه عل3 ، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایرانآموزش مدیریتاستادیار، گروه . 4