IPv6 Made Easy

IPv6 Made EasyDon TanRegional Director - South Asia & [email protected] Networks, Inc.

Saturday, May 19, 12

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

We are no longer an IP enabled world.

We are IP dependent.


The Idea that Changed the World


Early 1970s�ARPA NET (1971)� FTP (1971)�TELNET (1972)


1980s�1981: TCP/IP�1982: SMTP�1983: Domain Names�1987: RFC 1035 (DNS Protocol)


1990s�1991: HTTP�1992: Class Structure

Fails�1993: CIDR�1994: NAT�1995: IP-NG (IPv5)


2000 -�2000: Dot-com crash�2003: BlackBerry Phone�2007: iPhone�2010: iPad�2011: IANA IPv4 Pool Depleted�2011: APNIC Last /8 Allocated


It’s a Numbers Game


4,294,967,2965,000,000,0007,000,000,000

It’s a Numbers Game


IPv4 RIR Distribution

AfriNIC2%

LATNIC5%

RIPE NCC22%

ARIN44%

APNIC27%


IPv4 RIR Distribution

AfriNIC2%

LATNIC5%

RIPE NCC22%

ARIN44%

APNIC27%

Pop: 3.8 B

Pop: 0.5 B

Pop: 0.8 B

Pop: 1 B

Pop: 0.6 B


RIR IPv4 End Date Predictions

ARIN

APNIC

RIPE NCC

LACNIC

AfriNIC

July 2012?

April 15, 2011

Jan 2014?

Oct 2014?

Dec 2013?


What Next?


Think about change


“By 2015, 17% of global Internet users will be IPv6, with 28% of new Internet

connections running the protocol.”

Gartner, Dec 2010


The World is Changing

17%

419,000,000 Users(based on 2011 data)



Addresses


340 282 366 920 938 463 463 374 607 431 768 211

456Saturday, May 19, 12

trillion

decillion

octillion

sextillionseptillion

nonillion

quintillionquadrillio

nbillion

millionthousand

undecillion

How Big?

340 282 366 920 938 463 463 374 607 431 768 211 456


Subnet Size� Subnets should always be /64�Many vendors assume 64 bit boundary�18.4 quintillion addresses per subnet� Perspective:

�31.5M seconds per year�2.4 B seconds in average lifetime

Interface IdentifierAddress Prefix

IPv6 Address


Address Types


Local Link Address� Bound to local network�Non routable�Automatically configured�Uses MAC address to create unique address�Multi-homed devices use “Zones”

Local


Unique Local� Private within organization� Similar to RFC 1918�Routable within organization�40-bit pseudo-random number for uniqueness� Stateful or Stateless allocation�Can be tunnelled

Unique Local

Local


Global Unicast�Globally unique� Public address space�42 Undecillion address available� Prefix allocated by RIR/ISP� Stateful or Stateless allocation� Provides peer-to-peer connectivity

Global Unicast

Unique Local

Local


More Than Addresses


Extension Headers� IPv6 Uses simplified header�Chains additional headers onto one another�QoS, IPsec, TCP, UDP and other protocols implemented

as “extension” headers� Protocol can be extended� Future friendly

Version Traffic Class Flow Label

Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit

Source Address

Destination Address

IPv6 Header


Neighbour Discovery�Uses link layer for auto configuration of nodes� Provides “plug-and-play” network functionality � Performs:� Router discovery� Prefix discovery� Address resolution� Parameter discovery� Duplicate address detection


Path MTU Discovery� Based on IPv4 feature present in many routers� Functionality moved into core protocol� IPv6 does not like fragmentation�Right-sizes MTU for optimized transmission� Performed dynamically� Increased throughput


Multicast� Fundamental shift from IPv4’s broadcast mechanism� Broadcast not part of IPv6�Allows networks to scale larger than IPv4� Puts emphasis on the router rather than the switch�Can be used to discover services�Used by DHCP6 and other protocols


Mobile IP�Documented in RFC 6275�Allows forwarding of traffic from a “care of” address�Maintains session when joining new networks� Still experimental status�Currently complicated to implement�Will become more important as everything becomes

mobile� LISP might be better alternative for some


Quality of Service (QoS)�Greater flexibility for managing QoS� Implemented as an extension header�Currently QoS in IPv6 is same as IPv4�Has ability to provide better flow control� Future implementations will utilize more effectively


IPsec� Part of core protocol�Developed in conjunction with IPv6�Applications to provide VPN functionality� Implemented as extension header�Changes security in IPv6� Encrypt IPv6 tunnels


How good is your memory?


10.4.83.72



10.4.83.72



2001:fecd:ba23:cd1f:dcb1

:1010:9234:4088



2001:fecd:ba23:cd1f:dcb1

:1010:9234:4088



dcb1:1010:9234:408b

dcb1:1010:9234:4a88dcb7:1010:9234:4088

dcb1:101a:9234:4088

dcb1:1010:9234:5088

dbc1:1010:9234:4088

dcb1:1010:9234:4088

dcb1:1010:8234:4088

dcd1:1010:9234:4088

dcb1:7010:9234:4088dcb1:1011:9234:4088

Needle in a Hay Stack


dcb1:1010:9234:408b

dcb1:1010:9234:4a88dcb7:1010:9234:4088

dcb1:101a:9234:4088

dcb1:1010:9234:5088

dbc1:1010:9234:4088

dcb1:1010:9234:4088

dcb1:1010:8234:4088

dcd1:1010:9234:4088

dcb1:7010:9234:4088dcb1:1011:9234:4088

Needle in a Hay Stack


Management is Key


Addresses are not human

friendly


Allocation patterns are sparse


IPAM key transition technology


Why do I need to Change?


Maintainconnectivity with

the rest of the world


Killer Apps will fuel change


Cloud applicationsrequire more addresses


IPv4 will move into legacy status


Challenges


Addresses will become hidden


DNS will become more important.


Peer-to-Peer connectivity will be difficultto accept


Security will be different


Tunnelling can be complicated.


Conclusions


IPv4 will run out sooner than expected


Transitioning to IPv6 will

require a well thought-out

plan


Peer-to-Peerwill change how

we buildapplications


Networks willbecome more flexible


Addresses willno longer be a scarce resource


Questions ?


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Thank You


IPv6 Made Easy

Technology

local link address

care of address

address types

ipv6 applications

extension headers ipv6

ipv6 tunnels

core protocol ipv6

local network