Ivan Procházka, Josef Blažej, Jan Kodet presented at : ELT meeting CTU in Prague, December 8, 2010 Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic Working group presentation
Jan 19, 2016
Ivan Procházka, Josef Blažej, Jan Kodet
presented at :
ELT meeting CTU in Prague, December 8, 2010
Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
Working group presentation
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
Working group
Karel Hamal, professor, 1932 - 2007founder and head of the group 1964 – 2007
Ivan Prochazka, applied physicshead of the group since 2007
Bruno Sopko, solid state physics Josef Blazej, asistent
Bc, Ms and PhD studentsJan Kodet et al
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
Czech Technical University in Prague – group activities
Satellite Laser Ranging
Picosecond Detector Technology
Solid state photon counting devices SPADs
Atmospheric / seeing studies
Picosecond event timer
Space related applications
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
Satellite Laser Ranging Since 1972, world 3rd country
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
Satellite Laser Ranging - background
operation principlepulsed optical radar
range precision1 .. 3 / mm / shot
operational range0 - 30 ooo km
25 technology installations on 5 continents
Graz, Austria
Provides the ultimate precision and accuracy ( ~ 3 mm) reference for most of space related measurements:
altimetry, ITRF, geophysics, etc… Mature, well understood and proved technology & procedures
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
World first Streak camera SLR ’80-’90 In house built Streak Camera
linear / cicrcular scan
Prague SLR Graz
Two wavelength ground target1.08 / 0.54 um, 420 fs RMS (!) published in SPIE 1988
Starlette in Graz, 5 mJ, 0.53 umfirst SLR on streak Jan.24 1991
published in SPIE 1991
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
Multiple wavelength SLR ‘90Atmospheric refraction index model verification
Three wavelength 0.46 / 0.53 / 0.68 um
NdYAG SHG + Raman in H2 anti / Stokes
single photon echoes on SPAD
routinely in Graz, ‘90, up to Lageos
Eyesafe 1540 nm and green 532 nm
single photon echoes Si + Ge SPADs
SLR all satellites, NICT, Tokyo, Japan
Mariny Murray model verification
red
blue
green
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
Portable Calibration Standard for SLR ‘90 To identify the SLR system mm biases
Ultra-stable Pico Event TimerSpace qalified modules by Thales-Dassault
Epoch and frequency reference
date analysis SW, set of meteo sensors, ...
Graz 1997, ‘98, ‘99
Tokyo 1997
Changchun 1997
WLRS Wett. 1997 / 99
TIGO Wettzell 1998
Zimmerwald 1998
Herstmonceux 1998
Potsdam 2001
Shanghai 2001,’04,’06
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
New timing principle, P. Panek
Two channel device
Jitter 800 fs / ch
Non-linearity < 200 fs
Stability < +/- 20 fs/hr
Power < 25 Watts
Sub- picosecond timing system
• Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 78, No1, 2007• U.S. Patent 7,057,978 B2, Jun. 2006.• IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas, , Vol. 57, No.11, Nov 2008• Review of Scientific Instruments, 2009
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
Single Photon Detectors made by CTU
Si ,200 um,TE3 cooled, vacuum GaAs messa GaAsP, 350 um
Active quenching and gating circuit
Complete detector packages
130 mm
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
Si SPADs for Space Applications
CTU Prague & IKI Moscow
MARS 92 (USSR / Russia, 1992-96) Photon counting laser rangefinderMars baloon altimetry
NASA Mars Polar Lander, (USA, 1998) Photon counting Lidar, Mars surface atmospheric studies
S.P.Pershin et all, IKI Russia
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
Laser Time Transfer in Space
LTT – China since April 2007China Compass-M1 / Beidou
T2L2 CNES - France since June 2008 JASON-2
Time and frequency transferusing ps laser pulses in space
Relying on available technologyand ground segment Satellite Laser Ranging
Superb precision and accuracy
Navigation, deep-space, fundamental physics…
E.Samain
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
Laser Time Transfer recent missions Beidou-2 IGSO, Aug 1,2010
inclinated 55o geostationary orbit LTT in common view possible
China, Korea, Japan, Australia (~ 1000 s) Dedicated SLR network (PR China) On-board data reduction Operational since August 2010
GLONASS upgrade, Laser time transfer under consideration ? principle ?
Dedicated SLR network prepared (global)single photon concept
Galileo and Laser Time Transfer ? Europe should not “miss the train” Please, consider
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
Future space mission and dreams
Jupiter ESA NASA missions (EJSM), launch 2019
Laser time transfer, one way ranging
9 AU , ~ 10 E9 km distance
10 cm receiving optics sufficient (!)
First radiation tests NASA labs, July 2010
Ivan Procházka, Josef Blažej, Jan Kodet
presented at :
ELT meeting CTU in Prague, December 8, 2010
Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
Report on scientific progress in ELT projecton CTU in Prague
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
Progress in ELT project Prague group ELT activities
Design steps, conclusions- electronics- optics- mechanical
Functional testing and test proceduresPrague labs, Graz SLR
Development of procedure for internal delay measuring
Calibration of receiver Attenuation / sensitivity
Radiation test report
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
Electronic mechanical designdirect “follow – on” of the previous versions
CSRC Brno
All space qualified components
Except of ADCMP 553
fast comparator, see later
Input optics
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
ø d
60º
R
FA B1
B2
DLA
Optical design
Input optics Wavelength selection, attenuation , FoV
Flat diffuse, Cyllinder, Hemisphere, etc
Flat diffuse + shield
Simple optical design No technology problems Signal strength well within
1 order of mag. for 10-60 deg. No impact on timing properties “Macrolon” input window
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
Detection parametersTemp. coefficient 1.76 ps/K
= > 11.4 ps / 6.5K(< 20 ps required)
Timing jitter
~ 20 ps at 1.7 V a.b.(< 25 ps required)
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
Laser time transfer - timing stability TdevGraz SLR , 8 ps laser, NPET timing, fixed temperature
Tdev ~ 0.4 ps @ 300 sec
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
..” The absolute delays in the ELT Package ….calibrated to an accuracy of 48 ps with a goal of 23 ps “..
ELT photon detection delay tests
Detection delay : Photon = > Electrical pulse
ps pulseSPAD
detectionchip
Receiveroptics
SPADControl circuit
Ref.pointoptics
GeometryOpt.(~200ps)
Photon => e- (fs)Multiplication (~1ns)
GeometryElectr.(~100ps)
Electronics & Geometry(~ 1 ns)
Ref.pointelectronics
ELT detection package
PROBLEM Where & When is our photon see Heisenberg relations ….
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
ELT photon detection delay tests
PD
SPADchip
SPADControl circuit
D1
D2
T0 T0 + ΔT
D
D
Determined repeatedly, +/- 10 ps rms spreadConsistent +/- 36 ps values for different lasers
Laser # 1 532nm / 650 psLaser # 2 778 nm / 48 ps
ps pulse
ELT BB2
PD1phot
Multiphot
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
uLaser NdYAG & SHG 10 kHz, 10 mW, 532 nm= > 1 uJ /
pulse
Re-collimating optics, directing prism T ~ 1 / 4Spot size diam 25 mm, S ~ 5 cm2
Optical ND T ~ 1 / 256Angle ~0 deg, Att. (3 / 61)2 no shielding 1 photons
Resulting signal power density 2 * 10-13 J / m2
Specified signal power density 1 * 10-13 J / m2
For input shielding, 45 deg. the attenuation has to bechanged from (3 / 61)2 to (5 / 50)2 (aperture / length)
Specified signal power density 1*10-13 J/m2 will be obtained
Calibration of receiver attenuation
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
UJV Rez, Prague , October 2010 Gamma radiation source, dose / rate specified by ESA / Astrium
RESULT after > 3x maximum required dose ELT detector package operational, no detectable parameter change ADCMP (3x) operational, no detectable parameter change
Radiation testsEntire ELT receiver package, 3 x ADCMP comparator
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
Completed tasks Design – electronics, optics and mechanics Functional tests – indoor, SLR Development of procedure for internal delay Calibration of receiver attenuation / sensitivity Radiation tests BB & ADCMP 553 comparator
All parameters specified by ESA have been met
Ground + Space segments delays calibration technique
Conclusion
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
ELT delays measurement ELT detector & MWL timing delays
MWL is tested/calibrated by TimeTech (LVDS)
ELT detector calibrated by CTU (+250mV)
WHY to calibrate ( MWL & ELT ) ??
Response of the MWL input circuitsto the ELT detector output
MWL effective input BW not deffined
Optical scheme analogical to the ELT calibrationsynchronous operation to a common “1 pps”
Resulting ELT+MWL delay calculated on the basis ofoscilloscope + MWL data
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
ELT delays measurement
Ground + Space segments SIMULTANEOUS REFERENCING Both GROUND & SPACE
“absolute delays” will disappear and will be replaced by a single calibration value / station.
The ELT delay will be calibrated individually for each participating SLR system
Calibration value computed from - epoch dif. (E2-E1)- geometry distance L
Calibration campaigns – will be organised by TUM and CTU
in cooperation with ILRS (Transponder Working Group)
presented at IWG#32 Paris April 2010
ELT
I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010
Laser Time Transfer new missions Beidou-2 IGSO, Aug 1,2010
inclinated 55o geostationary orbit LTT in common view possible
China, Korea, Japan, Australia (~ 1000 s) Dedicated SLR network (PR China) On-board data reduction Operational since August 2010
GLONASS upgrade, Laser time transfer under consideration ? principle ?
Dedicated SLR network prepared (global)single photon concept
Galileo and Laser Time Transfer ? Europe should not “miss the train” Please, consider