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Title: Preparation Of Rock Core Specimens For The Determination Of Mechanical Properties Of Rock
Procedure No.: IPR – 012/Rev. 2 Page: 2 of 48
REVISION HISTORY
Revision Number Effective Date Description of and Reason for Revision
0 6/7/2001 Initial Issue under previous CooperativeAgreement, Task 18.
1 3/25/2005 Revision under new Cooperative Agreement,
Task ORD-FY04-021.
Sentences are added to Section 1 – Purpose and
Scope to emphasize rate dependency testing.
Attachment 3 – ASTM D 4543-85, Attachment
6 – Summary of Specimen Preparation
Specifications and Attachment 8 – ASTM D
6026-96 are removed.
Text of Attachment 4 – Specimen Tracking
Procedure, Attachment 5 – Specimen
Numbering Procedure and Attachment 6 –
Summary of Specimen Preparation
Specifications are incorporated in the body of
the IP.
Specimen Tracking Sheet in Attachment 4 is
changed to Attachment 3.
Sections 3.11.1-3.11.3 are added in compliance
with QAPs.
2 01/17/2006 Added Section 3.1, sample receipt and labeling
as per the recommendation of DOE auditor (11-
15-05)
Changes made in Section 3.2, removed the
balances mentioned and added dial gauges and
calipers.
Changes made in attachment 1 under section 9,
page 33
Added Attachment 4, Instruments used sheet
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Title: Preparation Of Rock Core Specimens For The Determination Of Mechanical Properties Of Rock
Procedure No.: IPR – 012/Rev. 2 Page: 3 of 48
1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
The purpose of this implementing procedure (IP) is to describe how to prepare rock core
specimens to be used for rock mechanics tests. This IP implements practices to prepare
specimens that meet the requirements of ASTM Standards D 2664, D 2938, D 3148, D4341, and D 4406, all of which require specimen preparation in accordance with ASTM
standard D 4543. ASTM Standards D 2664 and D 2938 are listed in Regulatory Guide
1.138 (U.S. NRC, 1978) among laboratory tests for the determination of the engineering
properties of rocks. All the steps needed to implement ASTM Standard D 4543 are
explicitly included in this implementing procedure.
2 APPLICABILITY
This procedure is applicable to all specimens prepared for splitting (Brazilian) tensile
strength, uniaxial compression, triaxial compression, pulse velocity (dynamic elastic
properties) and creep tests. Activities described by this IP are subject to UCCSN QAProgram requirements. This procedure includes procedures for measuring the dimensions
and checking the dimensional tolerances for compression test specimens, but not for
specimens for splitting tensile strength testing. The latter are included with the splitting
tensile strength procedure, IPR-010, “Splitting (Brazilian) Tensile Strength Test of
Rock.”
3 PROCEDURE
When unable to comply with the specified steps of this procedure, suspend work and
resume only after the procedure has been revised, or a Document Change Notice has been
documented in accordance with QAP-2.0, “Quality Assurance Program- Preparation,Approval, and Revision of Procedures,” Section 4.4.
Only people who have received the necessary instructions for operating the specimen
preparation equipment should operate the equipment. Safety glasses must be worn when
operating the core drill and especially when operating the grinder.
All personnel assigned to the activity are responsible for carrying out this procedure.
Only personnel who meet the requirements in their training matrix as specified by the PI
shall perform the work herein.
All the instruments used during sample preparation should be documented in Attachment4 of IPR 012. All these attachments for various samples combined will be made
attachment to the assigned personnel’s SN
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Title: Preparation Of Rock Core Specimens For The Determination Of Mechanical Properties Of Rock
Procedure No.: IPR – 012/Rev. 2 Page: 4 of 48
3.1 Sample receipt
Responsible Person
Assigned personnel
Action
1. Label Samples with indelible ink as soon as
they are removed from the core box.
3.2 Apparatus
1. W Wilton VSG Twenty Drill Press (Serial #: 151102)
2. HP U Rock Saw, blade diameter: 24” (Serial #: 2472275)
3. Sharp SG 618 Grinder (Serial #: 240504)
4. Bridgeport Milling Machine (Serial #: 8501018)
5. Balance, dial gages, calipers:
Balance,dial gauge and calipers used are listed in attachment 4. All these
instruments must be calibrated by a qualified supplier prior to performing any
quality-affecting work, annually thereafter, and at the end of its use, in accordance
with QAP-7.0, “Control of Quality-Affecting Procurement and Receipt” and in
accordance with QAP-12.0, “Control of Measuring and Test Equipment.” The balance must be calibrated when it is moved to another location. All these
instruments must be calibrated when readings or calibration are suspect, and if they
are damaged or adjusted in a manner that may affect the calibration.
3.3 Sample Storage
Responsible Person
Assigned personnel
Action
1. Samples will be collected and controlled in
accordance with the requirements of QAP 8.0,
“Identification and Control of Items and
Samples”, and QAP 8.1, “Sample Collection”.
2. Assure that samples are kept locked in an area
that is not accessible by personnel who are not
on the task.
3. Assure that, when in use, the samples are in
sight of task personnel at all times and never
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Title: Preparation Of Rock Core Specimens For The Determination Of Mechanical Properties Of Rock
Procedure No.: IPR – 012/Rev. 2 Page: 5 of 48
left alone or with personnel not on the task.
3.4 Core Drilling
Responsible Person
Assigned personnel
ActionNote: It is intended to work only in the sequence
given.
1. Chuck the thin-wall diamond bit tightly into
drill press. Be sure the bit is chucked into the
press as far as it will go. Lower to table and
mark some position on the bit or shank for
reference so that you will be able to tell when
you are almost through the rock.
2.
Connect water hose and tie hose to the drillframe.
3. Place rock block to be cored on drill table and
clamp securely with clamping devices. Be sure
that the surface where drilling will begin is
fairly flat and perpendicular to the bit. Block
the specimen with wood if necessary. Use a
combination of bolts and nuts, C-clamps and
wooden wedges to securely tie down rock
blocks, especially any block(s) with very
irregular shape. If necessary, first cut some ofthe too irregular corners using one of the
diamond blade saws. Draw an X across the
surface (e.g. with waterproof magic marker)
where you plan to core in order to allow core
orientation.
Complete the initial information for a tracking
sheet (Attachment 3) for the block you will
core.
Caution: Do not attempt to drill into a slantedsurface. The lateral forces may damage the bit
or may bend the water swivel shank!
4. Turn on water. Be sure to have ample flow to
cool the bit. If the return water flow from the
hole is warm, increase flow.
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Title: Preparation Of Rock Core Specimens For The Determination Of Mechanical Properties Of Rock
Procedure No.: IPR – 012/Rev. 2 Page: 6 of 48
5. Before drilling, check that the sample is secure
and that there is ample water flow.
6. Turn on the V Wilton drill press. Do not adjust
the speed of the drill unless it is on.
7. With the bit raised off the sample, turn on the
drill. Adjust to slow speed.
8. Starting is the hard part. Lower bit slowly onto
sample. Keep the rotation speed down and get
a groove started. If bit moves out of straight
line, do not continue. When starting, use a
light to moderate up pressure on the bit
(Letting the drill operate under its own weight
is too much down force for starting). Keepenough pressure to prevent chatter, however.
Do not let the motor slow so much as to
"buzz". Keep it smooth. Have an assistant
(wearing gloves!) hold drill bit while
"collaring" the bit if necessary.
9. Once a groove is started, increase rotation
speed. Keep things running smoothly. Check
water feed.
10.
Down pressure is a matter of feel. The weightof the drill is about right for many rocks. Too
much pressure will result in poor specimens,
e.g. cylinders with rough, uneven sides. Too
little pressure will result in extremely slow
progress and in unnecessary bit wear. The
return water should appear somewhat milky
from cuttings. It also is important to pay
attention to the sound of the drill bit during
coring. A change in sound often is an
indication of a changed condition somewhere
along the hole. Examples include rattling of aloose piece of core broken during coring, or a
severe grinding sound if a bit tooth has broken
off and is being ground down in the bottom of
the hole, or somewhere between the bit shank
and the hole wall.
11. You will know when you are almost through by
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the reference position you have marked on the
drill rod. Watch for water to cease returning
from the top of the hole and begin coming out
the bottom.
12. When you break through, back the bit out of
the hole and turn the drill off. If the core is not
completely drilled through, remove the block
and tap the bottom gently. Remove core.
Initiate a specimen tracking sheet (Attachment
3) for the core.
13. Remove bit and water swivel; detach the bit
from the swivel; dry and spray with WD-40;
return to cabinet.
14. Write the hole number on the hole wall. Use
water resistant marker.
15. If this is the last hole for the block being cored,
remove the block from the drill table. Put the
block in a designated storage area. Complete the
specimen tracking sheet for the block.
16. Clean, dry and oil drill table.
3.5 Specimen Cutting
Responsible Person
Assigned personnel
Action
Note: It is intended to work only in the sequence
given.
1. Use the diamond rock saw.
2. For uniaxial compression, triaxial
compression or creep tests, cut core to length
such that
2 < L/D < 3
where:
L = Length, and
D = Diameter.
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L/D = 2.5 is preferred, as it meets both ASTM
standard D 4543 (which is referenced in
ASTM D 2664, D 2938, D 3148, D 4341 and
D 4406) and ISRM suggested methods
(Bieniawski et al, 1979; Brown, 1981; Voglerand Kovari, 1978). It also satisfies the range
from 2 to 2.5 recommended by WASH-1301
(Hall et al, 1974).
3. Cut disks for splitting (Brazilian) tensile tests.
t/D ≈ 0.5 (t is disk thickness) is best for
Brazilian tests. t/D must be in the range 0.2 <
t/D < 0.75 (ASTM D 3967).
Note: The diamond rock saw is automatic.
Clamp the specimen in the jig and pull up onthe handle. This engages the feed bolt. Cut
slowly and without causing blade to chatter.
4. Close lid securely on the diamond rock saw.
This requires a light blow to front of the lid.
5. Turn on the saw.
Note: The diamond rock saw will turn off
automatically, or you may check progress at
any time. If the saw is part-way through aspecimen and the saw is stopped, release the
feed mechanism and back off the blade
slightly. The blade needs to be free to start.
6. Push handle down to disengage feed on the
diamond rock saw.
7. Remove rock pieces, including leftover
pieces.
8.
Start specimen tracking sheet for each newspecimen, if any.
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3.6 End Surface Grinding
Responsible Person
Assigned personnel
ActionNote:
It is intended to work only in the sequence
given.
The following procedure may not be necessary
for splitting (Brazilian) test specimens.
Required for uniaxial compression, triaxial
compression and creep tests.
1.
Mark the surface to be ground, use waterproofmarker.
2. Clamp core in a V-block, place the V-block
on magnetic table and turn lever to engage
magnets.
3. Grind end. Don't try to take off too much at
once. An increment of 0.02 inch (0.50 mm) is
commonly used. Use the fine adjustment knob
for down movement. Grinding is completed
when the marker color is ground off thesurface of the specimen. Use steel scale or
straight edge to make initial check on
straightness and flatness.
4. Reverse core and grind other end.
5. Ends should be parallel to within 0.5 degree.
Obviously, this will be impossible to achieve
if the sides of the cylinder are not smooth and
parallel.
6. Straightness of specimen sides can be checked
using a V-block and displacement dial gage.
Parallelism of end surfaces can also be
checked when measuring length: length
measurements should differ by no more than
0.008 inch (0.2 mm).
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7. Clean grinder and magnetic chuck when
finished.
8. Sketch and/or photograph specimen.
3.7 Specimen Dimensional Specification Checking
Responsible Person
Assigned personnel
Action
Note: It is intended to work only in the sequence
given.
Use “Specimen Preparation Report Form for Rock
Specimens Prepared for Compressive Testing
and/or Ultrasonic Elastic Properties
Measurements” in Attachment 1 to measure
dimensions and geometry of specimens being prepared for compression tests. Use separate
procedure (Splitting (Brazilian) Tensile Strength
Test of Rock) for specimens prepared for indirect
tensile strength testing. Use procedure in
Attachment 2 to dry the specimen and to
determine its moisture content.
3.7.1 Compressive Test Specimens
Responsible Person
Assigned personnel
Action
Note: It is intended to work only in the sequencegiven.
Use a hand calculator to perform the calculations
in the sections below.
1. Check for core straightness using a V-block.
a. Place the cylindrical surface of the specimen
on a V-block that is laid flat on a smooth
surface.
b. Mount a displacement dial gage on the top
of the specimen (Figure 1) and move the
specimen from one end of the V-block to
the other along a straight line. Record the
maximum and minimum readings on the
dial gage and calculate the difference, ∆0.
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Figure 1 - Assembly for Determining theStraightness of Elements on the
Cylindrical Surface (from ASTM D 4543)
The V-block shown in figure 1 is held in a
vice on the table of the ACRA end milling
machine, so that the V-block with the
specimen can be moved by the end mill
controls. The gage is held in the tool
chuck of the milling machine.
Note: Alternate procedure is to attach dialgage to grinder and put V-block on chuck
table. Run dial gage along the specimen
surface.
c. Repeat the same operations (step b) after
rotating the specimen through 120° and
through 240° and obtain the differences,
∆120, ∆240, i.e. in total, check along three
lines.
d.
The maximum value of these threedifferences shall be less than 0.020 inch
(0.50 mm). If the differences exceed this
value, an explicit note is to be made on the
test report form regarding this deviation
from the standard.
2. Check for perpendicularity and end smoothness.
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a. Place the cylindrical surface of the specimen
on a V-block that is laid flat on a smooth
surface.
b. Mount a displacement dial gage near the
end of the V-block (Figure 2).
Figure 2 - Assembly for Determining the
Flatness and Perpendicularity of End
Surfaces to the Specimen Axis (from
ASTM D 4543)
c. Move the mounting pad horizontally so that
the dial gage runs across the top end surface
of the specimen along a diametrical line.
Make sure that one end of the mounting pad
maintains its contact with the end surface ofthe V-block during movement.
d. Record the dial gage readings and
calculate the difference between the
maximum and the minimum values, ∆1.
e. Rotate the specimen 90° and repeat the
same operations (steps c and d above) and
calculate the difference, ∆2. Turn the
specimen around and repeat the same
measurement procedures (steps b - e above)for the bottom end surface and obtain the
difference values ∆1’ and ∆2’.
f. The perpendicularity will be considered to
have been met when ∆i and ∆i’ < 0.0043
inch of diameter, where i = 1 or 2.
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g. Determine the smoothness of the end
surfaces by taking dial gage readings every
1/8 inch (3.2 mm) during the
perpendicularity measurements. Plot the
readings in the diagrams in the test reportform.
h. Draw a smooth curve of the end surface, on
the test report form using ink, along the
specific diametrical plane by using the
readings from step g above.
i. Visually fit the best straight line through the
resulting curves.
j.
Smoothness requirement is met when themaximum deviation between the curves and
the best fit straight lines is not more than
0.001 inch (25 µm).
If smoothness requirement is not satisfied,
regrind specimen end. If, after repeated
regrinding, it appears unlikely that
smoothness requirements can be satisfied,
e.g. because of grain plucking, explicitly
note on the test form that the requirement is
not satisfied.
3. Measure specimen diameter and length.
Make sufficient measurements (6 diameters, 2
each at 3 heights) to a sufficient accuracy (0.25
mm (0.01 inch) for the diameter and for the
heights) to satisfy both ASTM D 4543 and
ISRM Suggested Methods (Bieniawski et al,
1979; Vogler and Kovari, 1978).
4.
Weigh specimen to an accuracy of 0.1%.
3.7.2 Splitting (Brazilian) Tensile Strength Specimens
Responsible Person
Assigned personnel
Action
Use test report form (Attachment 1 in IPR–010) for
reporting splitting tensile strength test results.
Specimen measurements are prescribed on that
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form.
3.7.3 Moisture Content Determination
Responsible Person
Assigned personnel
ActionFollow the procedure in Attachment 2 if the
moisture content of specimens is to be determined.
3.8 Specimen Numbering
Responsible Person
Assigned personnel
Action
Note: It is intended to work only in the sequence
given.
Rock samples are received in the form of drill
cores identified with barcodes
Test specimens prepared from a drill core are
numbered to inherit the barcode of the core,
and plus two more pieces of information: serial
number of the specimen in the core and type of
test. The diagram below gives an example of
the system of specimen numbering:
Rock samples are received in the form of rock
block identified with barcodes
Test specimens prepared from a rock block are
numbered to inherit the barcode of the block,
and plus three more pieces of information:
serial number of the drill core from which the
specimen is prepared, serial number of the
specimen in the core and type of test. The
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1. Identify work to be done on specimen tracking
sheet.
2. Number all pieces that result from the
machining with indelible ink. Put small brokenspecimens in plastic bags and securely label
the bags. On the label record all necessary
identification information.
3. Upon completion of the machining, put all
pieces in plastic bags and keep them in the pre-
assigned cabinets in LME 112 or LME 113
and locked securely.
4. Input all information about specimens (i.e.
specimen number, specimen description, preparation or machining information and
which tests will be performed on these
specimens) on the specimen tracking sheet.
5. The tracking of each major piece will follow
the same procedures described above.
6. Small broken pieces (e.g. resulting from tests),
will be collected in plastic bags, labeled with
the specimen number, and placed in the
cabinet in LME 112.
7. Tracking will be completed by adding the
specimen tracking sheet into record files.
An example of a “Specimen Tracking Sheet” is in
Attachment 3.
3.10 Strain Gage Installation
Responsible Person
Assigned personnel
Action
Note: It is intended to work only in the sequencegiven.
Attaching strain gage to a rock specimen is for
measuring strains in the rock specimen, usually for
the determination of the Young’s modulus and
Poisson’s ratio of rock.
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Surface preparation
1. Required Supplies:
a.
Epoxy AE-10 or M-Bond 200 AdhesiveKit (with Catalyst).
b. Cotton Gauze and Cotton-Tipped
Applicator.
c. Sand Paper, Fine to very Fine Grit (220 to
400).
d. Freon TF or Chlorothene SM Degreaser.
e.
Conditioner A.
f. Neutralizer 5.
Notes:
For short-term test use M-Bond 200, for long-
term test use AE-10 Epoxy
Never contaminate cleaner by redipping cotton
swab after initial use
Hands should be cleaned
2. Procedures:
a. Clean off dirt.
b. Mark lines to align strain gages using #4
pencil. Locate two strain gage sites. They
should preferably be: a) diametrically
opposed, b) at mid-height on the specimen,
and c) not on any large grain boundary orlikely failure plane. Use a trysquare and
center finger to mark the vertical and
horizontal centerlines for the gage
locations. Mark the actual gage area in
pencil with a square large enough to
accommodate the gage(s). Draw over the
penciled centerlines outside the gage area
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with a pen marker.
c. Sand down the gage area to remove any
asperities.
d. Degrease – use Freon TF or Chlorothene
SM with cotton swabs, apply M-Prep
Conditioner A, M-Prep Neutralizer 5;
allow each to dry before application of the
next. Brush the cotton swabs away from
the center of the gage area.
e. Apply a precoat, if necessary. A precoat
should be used unless the specimen is very
non-porous and has a smooth, unfractured
surface. First apply M-200 Catalyst to thecleaned gage ea and allow it to dry. Then
put on 1 or 2 drops of M-Bond 200
Adhesive, and spread it with a cotton swab.
Do not apply a thick coat; use only enough
to fill small pores or fractures.
f. Sand precoat smooth to original rock level.
g. First cleaning /degreasing. Application of
heat (using a heat gun) helps drive out oils,
moisture, and solvent.
h. Apply M-Prep conditioner A; scrub and
dry.
i. Apply M-Prep Neutralizer 5; let dry.
Strain gage installation
Notes:
Apply strain gages as soon as the surface preparation is completed and not longer than
20 minutes later, or repeat the surface prepping
procedure.
Gages shall never be contaminated by being
handled with fingers. Touching the foil
element can lead to long-term changes in
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resistance, and touching the backing can lead
to bonding problems. The gage should always
be handled by holding the gage backing as far
from the foil as possible using a pair of clean,
round nosed tweezers. It is important that thefoil is not scratched or marked as this can
seriously degrade the gage performance.
1. Bonding
a. Arrange gage(s) on a clean, degreased
surface. Use a 2” to 3” piece of cellophane
tape and a pair of tweezers to pick up the
gages. Place the foil side of the gage on the
tape and position them on the specimen so
that the strain gages are aligned properly(from a “hinge” with one end of the tape).
b. Apply M-200 Catalyst to the bond side of
the gage (dull side). Wait about 1 minute
before applying glue.
c. Apply M-Bond 200 Adhesive to the bond
side of the strain gages and press the tape
holding the gages to the specimen surface
immediately, using a wiping motion with
the thumb. Continue wiping thumb acrossthe gage, applying pressure, for at least 1
minute. The gages must be completely
bonded to the specimen surface with no air
pocket. Remember to use a sufficient
amount of glue (5 drops/large gage or 2
drops/small gage).
2. Wiring
Once the strain gage is securely attached, the lead
wires and wires to connect the gages in series must be soldered on.
a. The lengths of the leads must be the same
(about 18 inches) and the lengths of the
series connecting wires must also be equal
(about inches). This will ensure that any
resistance change in any of the lead wires
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will cancel out.
Note: The lead wires should not be longer
than 2 ft.
b. Make sure the lengths of the wires are
equal and the insulation has been removed
to about 1/8” from each end.
Make sure the gage end of each lead wire
has been tinned with solder. If the gage has
pre-attached leads, make sure these are
tinned also. If the gage has solder tab
connections, place a small “pillow” of
solder on each tab. Carefully solder lead
wires to the strain gage leads or soldertabs. Securely tape down the lead wires
with electrical tape.
The wires to be soldered and the positions
of each are shown diagrammatically in the
attached figure.
c. Connect lateral gages together and
longitudinal gage leads to “D” connector
lead wires. Tape each connection down
with electrical tape, once it has beensoldered.
3. Resistance checking
Check both lateral and longitudinal leads with
an ohmmeter and make sure that the gages are
reading the proper resistance. The resistance
should be as follows:
For 120 Ω strain gages – connected in series:
240 Ω from longitudinal to longitudinal leads.
240 Ω from lateral to lateral leads.
For 350 Ω gages connected in series:
700 Ω longitudinal to longitudinal, lateral to
lateral.
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For either gage type:
Infinite from longitudinal to lateral leads.
Infinite from longitudinal or lateral tospecimen.
Infinite from all leads to specimen.
4. Check gage alignment
If gages are not aligned perfectly, i.e. if
alignment deviates by more than 2 degrees
from the intended alignment, measure
deviation angle to within ± 1°. Correct strains
using procedure given in specimen preparation
report form.
3.11 Acceptance And Rejection Criteria
If the specimen breaks during preparation, indicate so on the specimen preparation form and
on the specimen tracking sheet. Tape and/or bag specimen, and return to storage.
3.12 Quality Control
3.12.1 Control of Data
Records generated in this Implementing Procedure will be either in paper form or inelectronic form. If the records are in electronic form, they will be controlled in
accordance with QAP-3.1, “Control of Electronic Data.” If the records are in paper form,
they will be controlled in accordance with QAP-3.0, “Scientific Investigation Control.”
3.12.2 Control of Software
Software’s used will be controlled in accordance with QAP-3.2, “Software
Management.”
3.12.3 Data Review
Technical reviews will be performed in accordance with QAP-3.0, “Scientific Investigation
Control.”
3.12.4 Data Submittal
The “Specimen Preparation Report Form for Rock Specimens Prepared for Compressive
Testing and/or Ultrasonic Elastic Properties Measurements” in Attachment 1 will be
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submitted in paper form or electronic form. The information in the “Test Report Form: Rock
Specimen Moisture Content Determination” in Attachment 2 and in the “Specimen Tracking
Sheet” in Attachment 3 will be entered in scientific notebooks and incorporated into test
results (in electronic form) to submit. All submittals will be submitted to the UCCSN
Technical Data Archive in accordance with QAP-3.6, “Submittal of Data.”
4 RECORDS
Quality assurance records that result from implementing this procedure are collected and
transmitted to the DCC in accordance with QAP-17.0, “Quality Assurance Records,” and
include:
1. Specimen Preparation Report Form: Prefailure Sketches/Photographs
2. Test Report Form: Specimen Moisture Content Determination
3. Specimen Tracking Sheet
4.
Instruments Used Sheet
5 REFERENCES
5.1 UCCSN (University and Community College System of Nevada)
IPR-010, “Splitting (Brazilian) Tensile Strength Test of Rock.”
QAP-2.0, “Quality Assurance Program – Preparation, Approval and Revision of
Procedures.”
QAP-3.0, “Scientific Investigation Control.”
QAP-3.1, “Control of Electronic Data.”
QAP-3.2, “Software Management.”
QAP-3.6, “Submittal of Data.”
QAP-7.0, “Control of Quality-Affecting Procurement and Receipt.”
QAP-8.0, “Identification and Control of Items and Samples.”
QAP-8.1, “Sample Collection.”
QAP-12.0, “Control of Measuring and Test Equipment.”
QAP-17.0, “Quality Assurance Records.”
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5.2 ASTM Standards
Note: Specimen dimensions and dimensional specifications are included by reference to
ASTM D 4543 in standards ASTM D 2664, 2938, 3148, 4341, and 4406 on specific tests.
ASTM D 2664-95a, “Standard Test Method for Triaxial Compressive Strength of Undrained
Rock Core Specimens Without Pore Pressure Measurements”, Annual Book of ASTM
Standards, Section 4, Construction, Volume 04.08 Soil and Rock; Building Stones.
American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
ASTM D 2845 - 95, “Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Pulse
Velocities and Ultrasonic Elastic Constants of Rock”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
Section 4, Construction, Volume 04.08 Soil and Rock; Building Stones. American Society
for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
ASTM D 2938-95, “Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of IntactRock Core Specimens”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 4, Construction, Volume
04.08 Soil and Rock; Building Stones. American Society for Testing and Materials,
Philadelphia.
ASTM D 3148-96, “Standard Test Method for Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core
Specimens in Uniaxial Compression”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 4,
Construction, Volume 04.08 Soil and Rock; Building Stones. American Society for Testing
and Materials, Philadelphia.
ASTM D 3967-95a, “Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Intact Rock
Core Specimens”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 4, Construction, Volume 04.08Soil and Rock; Building Stones. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
ASTM D 4341 – 93 (Reapproved 1998), “Standard Test Method for Creep of Cylindrical
Hard Rock Core Specimens in Uniaxial Compression”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
Section 4, Construction, Volume 04.08 Soil and Rock; Building Stones. American Society
for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
ASTM D 4406-93, “Standard Test Method for Creep of Cylindrical Rock Core Specimens in
Triaxial Compression”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 4, Construction, Volume
04.08 Soil and Rock; Building Stones. American Society for Testing and Materials,
Philadelphia.
ASTM D 4543-85 (Reapproved 1991), “Standard Practice for Preparing Rock Core
Specimens and Determining Dimensional and Shape Tolerances”, Annual Book of ASTM
Standards, Section 4, Construction, Volume 04.08 Soil and Rock; Building Stones.
American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
ASTM D 6026-96, “Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Calculating and
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Reporting Geotechnical Test Data”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 4,
Construction, Volume 04.08 Soil and Rock; Building Stones. American Society for Testing
and Materials, Philadelphia.
5.3
ISRM Suggested Methods
Bieniawski, Z. T., Franklin, J. A., Bernede, M. J., Duffaut, P., Rummel, F., Horibe, T.,
Broch, E., Rodrigues, E., Van Heerden, W. L., Vogler, U. W., Hansagi, I., Szlavin, J., Brady,
B. T., Deere, D. U., Hawkes, I., Milovanovic, D., 1978, "Suggested Methods for
Determining the Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Deformability of Rock Materials”,
International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts,
Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 135 - 140. Also in Brown, 1981, pp. 111 – 116.
Brown, E. T., Editor, 1981, Rock Characterization Testing and Monitoring, Pergamon Press,
Oxford, 1981.
Vogler, U.W. and K. Kovari, 1978, "Suggested Methods for Determining the Strength of
Rock Materials in Triaxial Compression", International Journal of Rock Mechanics and
Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 47 - 51. Also in Brown,
1981, pp. 123 – 127.
5.4 Miscellaneous
An American National Standard, Test Uncertainty, ASME PTC 19.1-1998, the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Hall. W. S., N. M. Newmark, and A. J. Hendron, Jr., 1974, Classification, EngineeringProperties and Field Exploration of Soils, Intact Rock and In Situ Rock Masses, WASH-
1301, Directorate of Regulatory Standards, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington,
D.C.
U.S. NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission), 1978, Regulatory Guide 1.138, Laboratory
Investigations of Soils for Engineering Analysis and Design of Nuclear Power Plants, Office
of Nuclear Regulatory Research, Washington D.C..
6 BIBLIOGRAPHY
ASTM D 2113 - 99, “Standard Practice for Diamond Core Drilling for Site Investigation”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 4, Construction, Volume 04.08 Soil and Rock;
Building Stones. American Society for Testings and Materials, Philadelphia.
ASTM C170 - 90 (Reapproved 1999), “Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of
Natural Building Stone”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 4, Construction, Volume
04.08 Soil and Rock; Building Stones. American Society for Testing and Materials,
Philadelphia.
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Brady, B. H. G., and E. T. Brown, 1993, Rock Mechanics for Underground Mining, Second
Edition, George Allen & Unwin, London. Sections 4.3, 4.4.
Farmer, I., 1983, Engineering Behaviour of Rocks, Second Edition, Chapman and Hall,London, Section 1.2 Uniaxial or unconfined strength.
Goodman, R. E., 1989, Introduction to Rock Mechanics, Second Edition, John Wiley &
Sons, New York. Section 3.2, Common Laboratory Strength Tests.
7 ATTACHMENTS
Attachment 1 – Specimen Preparation Report Form: Prefailure Sketches/Photographs
Attachment 2 – Test Report Form: Specimen Moisture Content Determination
Attachment 3– Specimen Tracking Sheet
Attachment 4 - Instruments Used Sheet
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Attachment 1
Specimen Preparation Report Form
For Rock Specimens Prepared For Compressive Testing
And/Or Ultrasonic Elastic Properties Measurements
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Specimen Preparation Report Form
For Rock Specimens Prepared For Compressive Testing And/Or Ultrasonic Elastic Properties Measurements
Specimen #: _______________
Prepared by: _______________
Job: ________________
Date: _______________
Location: ____________
Equipment used:
Drill _____________________Saw _____________________
Grinder ___________________
Storage conditions prior to specimen preparation: Room Outside Protected (how?): ____________________
If a bar code has been installed on sample or specimen, write bar code #: ______________
Did specimen break during specimen preparation? Yes ______ No ______
If yes, was the remaining length of any of the broken pieces sufficient to prepare anotherspecimen from it? Yes ______ No ______
If no, indicate so on specimen tracking sheet, and terminate specimen preparation.
If yes, was specimen long enough to continue preparation for same test?Yes ______ No ______
If yes, continue preparation.
If no, indicate on specimen tracking sheet.
Moisture conditions:
As received Oven dried Laboratory dried Saturated Other (specify, i.e. partially saturated): _________________________________
If oven dried, attach “Rock Specimen Moisture Content Determination” report form.
Mark top (T) and bottom (B) of specimen.
Specimen Dimension Checks
1. Smoothness/side straightness
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Run dial gage along length of specimen along 3 lines at 120° from each other.
Read maximum and minimum along each line, record below, and calculate the
difference between maximum and minimum:
∆0 = ________ - ________ = ________ inch
∆120 = ________ - ________ = ________ inch
∆240 = ________ - ________ = ________ inch
Maximum difference DM = ________ inch
2. Perpendicularity and end smoothness
Run dial gage along two mutually perpendicular diameters on both ends of thespecimen. Record maximum and minimum readings here. Record readings at 1/8 inch
intervals in plots in Section 6.c.
Measurements on top of specimen:
∆1 = ________ - ________ = ________ inch
∆2 = ________ - ________ = ________ inch
Measurements on bottom of specimen:
∆1’ = ________ - ________ = ________ inch
∆2’ = ________ - ________ = ________ inch
Maximum difference ∆max = ________ inch
3. Diameter
Measure 2 approximately perpendicular diameters, at top, middle, and bottom ofspecimen.
D1T = ____________ inch D2
T = ____________ inch
DT = (D1
T + D2
T )/2 = ( ________ + ________ )/2 = ________ inch
D1 M
= ____________ inch D2 M
= ____________ inch
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D M
= (D1 M
+ D2 M
)/2 = ( ________ + ________ )/2 = ________ inch
D1 B = ____________ inch D2 B = ____________ inch
D B
= (D1 B
+ D2 B
)/2 = ( ________ + ________ )/2 = ________ inch
Average diameter,
D = (DT + D
M + D
B)/3 = ( ________ + ________ + ________ )/3 =
________ inch
Estimated error δ D =________ inch
Relative error ∆ D = δ D/D = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ = ________
4. Length
Measure the specimen length between the centers of the ends.
L = __________ inch
Estimated error δ L = ________ inch
Relative error ∆ L = δ L/L = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ = ________
5. Weight
Balance used: __________
Is balance calibration current? Yes ______ No ______
If no, check with QA person or PI on how to proceed.
If weight is measured in lbs, weight, W = __________ lb
Estimated error δ W = __________ lb
Relative error ∆W = δ W/W = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ = ________
or if mass is measured in grams: W g = ________ g
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Estimated error δ W g = __________ g
Relative error ∆ W g = δ W g /W g = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ = ________
6. Checks on ASTM D 4543 dimensional requirements
a. Side straightness
Is DM < 0.020 inches? Yes ______ No ______
b. Perpendicularity
∆max /D = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ = ________
Is ∆max /D ≤ 0.0043? Yes ______ No ______
c. End flatness tolerance
End 1 (Top), Diameter 1
Measure maximum difference between smooth curve fit and straight line best fit
= ________ inch
Is difference ≤ 0.001 inch? Yes ______ No ______
End 1 (Top), Diameter 2
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Measure maximum difference between smooth curve fit and straight line best fit
= ________ inch
Is difference ≤ 0.001 inch? Yes ______ No ______
End 2 (Bottom), Diameter 1
Measure maximum difference between smooth curve fit and straight line best fit
= ________ inch
Is difference ≤ 0.001 inch? Yes ______ No ______
End 2 (Bottom), Diameter 2
Measure maximum difference between smooth curve fit and straight line best fit
= ________ inch
Is difference ≤ 0.001 inch? Yes ______ No ______
If smoothness requirement is not satisfied, regrind specimen end. If regrinding isrequested, remember to reweigh and re-measure length. Start new test report form. If,
after repeated regrinding, it appears unlikely that smoothness requirements can be
satisfied, e.g. because of grain plucking, lithophysae, rock inhomogeneities, etc.,explicitly note below that the requirement is not satisfied:
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After grinding ends ______ time(s), smoothness requirement is satisfied:
Yes ______ No ______
7. Cross-sectional area, A = π D2 /4 = π × ( ________ )
2 /4 = __________ inch
2
Amm = A × 25.42 = ________ × 645.16 = ________ mm
2
Absolute error on cross sectional area,
δ A = π × D× δ D/2 = π × ________ × ________/2 = ________ inch2
Relative error, ∆ A = δ A/A = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ =________
8. Volume, V = A × L = ________ × ________ = __________ inch3
Volume in mm3, V mm = V × 25.4
3 = ________ × 16387.1 = ________ mm
3
Relative error (fractional volume uncertainty),
∆V = ∆ A + ∆ L = ________ + ________ = ________
Absolute error (uncertainty),
δ V = ∆V × V = ________ × ________ = ________ in3
9. Unit weight,
γ = (W/V) ×123 = ( ________ )/(________ ) × 1,728 = __________ lb/ft
3
Density ρ in SI units,
ρ = (W g /V mm) × 10+6
= ( ________ )/( ________ )× 10+6
= ________ kg/m3
Relative error on unit weight,
∆γ = ∆W + ∆V = ________ + ________ = ________
Absolute error on unit weight,
δγ = ∆γ × γ = ________ × ________ = ________ lb/ft3
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Relative error on density,
∆ρ = ∆W g + ∆V mm = ________ + ________ = ________
Absolute error on density,
δρ = ∆ρ × ρ = ________ × ________ = ________ kg/m3
Strain gage installation checks
1. Type of strain gages
Resistance: 120 Ω ______ 350Ω ______
2.
Resistance checks
Longitudinal: ________ Ω
Lateral: ________ Ω
Longitudinal to lateral: ________ Ω
Longitudinal to specimen: ________ Ω
Lateral to specimen: ________Ω
3. Gage orientation checks
Are all gages installed within ± 2° of intended orientation? Yes ______ No ______
If no, correct strain measurements using strain transformation equations. Measure
deviations angles δ1 and δ2 to within ±1°.
δ1: deviation of axial gage = ________ degrees
δ2
δ
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δ2: deviation of lateral gage = ________ degrees
εa: measured axial strain
εl: measured lateral strain
Correct (calculated) axial strain,
ε ac = (ε a(1 + cos2δ l) - ε l(1 – cos2δ a))/(cos2δ a + cos2δ l)
Correct (calculated) lateral strain,
ε lc = (ε l(1 + cos2δ a) - ε a(1 – cos2δ l))/(cos2δ a + cos2δ l)
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Prefailure Sketches/Photographs
Note: If photographs, make sure to include label in photograph with specimen ID#, date,
and color code.
Specimen #: ____________
1. On specimen, indicate top, T; bottom, B.
T
B
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2. Indicate reference lines (at 90° from each other)
Mark one reference diameter and longitudinal line as 1, one at 90° as 2.
3. Sketch/photograph specimen with line 1 in center.
2
1
1 T
B
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4. Sketch/photograph specimen with line 2 in center.
2T
B
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Note: If deemed desirable, primarily for example to document additional
discontinuities or heterogeneities, document visual appearance of specimen from 1 or2 additional directions. If you do so, write numbers 3 (and 4, if applicable) on
specimen.
5. Sketch/photograph specimen with line at 180° from 1 in center.
3 T
B
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T4
B
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6. Top/bottom sketches/photographs
Sketch or photograph specimen top and bottom.
Use diameters 1 and 2 for tolerance checks on specimen.
2
1
T
2
1
B
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Attachment 2
Test Report Form:
Rock Specimen Moisture Content Determination
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Test Report Form: Rock Specimen Moisture Content Determination
Specimen #: ________________
Tested by: __________________
Job: ___________________
Completed Date: ________
Location: __________
Oven used for drying: ________________________________Balance used for weighing: ____________________________
1. Measurements
Initial specimen mass, M WS = weight = W 1 = __________ g; Date: _______________;
Time: __________; Oven temperature: ________ °C
Estimated (absolute) error for M WS , δ M WS = __________ g
Dry for at least 12 hours, preferably 24 hours.
Second specimen weight, W 2 = __________ g; Date: _______________;
Time: __________; Oven temperature = ________ °C
Estimated error δ M S = __________ g
________ ________
________ ________
1
21 =−
=−
W
W W
If (W 1 – W 2)/W 1 ≤ 0.001, then W 2 is dry specimen weight, i.e. Ms = W 2. Go to 2,
moisture content calculation. If (W 1 – W 2)/W 1 > 0.001, continue drying.
Third specimen weight, W 3 = __________ g; Date: _______________;
Time: __________; Oven temperature = ________ °C
Estimated error δ M S = __________ g
________ ________
________ ________
2
32 =−
=−
W
W W
If (W 2 – W 3)/W 2 ≤ 0.001, then W 3 is dry specimen weight, i.e. Ms = W 3. Go to 2,
moisture content calculation. If (W 2 – W 3)/W 2 > 0.001, continue drying.
Fourth specimen weight, W 4 = __________ g; Date: _______________;
Time: __________; Oven temperature: ________ °C
Estimated error δ M S = __________ g
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________ ________
________ ________
3
43 =−
=−
W
W W
If (W 3 – W 4)/W 3 ≤ 0.001, then M S = W 4. Go to 2, moisture content calculation. If (W 3 – W 4)/W 3 > 0.001, replace specimen in oven to continue drying.
Fifth specimen weight, W 5 = __________ g; Date: _______________;
Time: __________; Oven temperature: ________ °C
Estimated error δ M S = __________ g
________ ________
________ ________
4
54 =−
=−
W
W W
If (W 4 – W 5)/W 4 ≤ 0.001, then M S = W 5. Go to 2, moisture content calculation. If (W 4
– W 5)/W 4 > 0.001, continue drying until ≤ 0.001 criterion is satisfied. Record data in
table:
i Wi Date/Time Wi-1 (Wi-1 –Wi)/Wi-1 ≤ 0.001?
6
7
8
9
M S = __________ g
2. Moisture content calculation
Water content, % _______ %100 _______
_______ _______ %100 =×
−=×=
−=
S
S WS
M
M M w
Upper bound relative error: =+−
+=⎟
⎠
⎞⎜⎝
⎛
S
S
S WS
S WS
u M
M
M M
M M
w
w δ δ δ δ
________ ________
________
________ ________
________ ________
=+−
+
Upper bound absolute error: ________ ________ ________ =×=×⎟ ⎠
⎞⎜⎝
⎛ = w
w
ww
u
u
δ δ
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Assuming independent random errors, =⎟⎟ ⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛ +⎟⎟
⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
−
+=
22
S
S
S WS
S WS
M
M
M M
M M
w
w δ δ δ δ
________ ________
________
________ ________
________ ________ 22
=⎟⎟ ⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛ +⎟⎟
⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
−
+
________ ________ ________ =×=×⎟ ⎠
⎞⎜⎝
⎛ = w
w
ww
δ δ
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Attachment 3
Specimen Tracking Sheet
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Specimen Tracking Sheet
Specimen #:________________________
Hole Number:________________________
Specimen received by:_________________
Specimen machined on:________________
Job: ______________________________
Location:__________________________
On: ______________________________
by:_______________________________
If a bar code has been installed on specimen, write bar code #: ________
Resulting specimens:
Tests performed on resulting specimens:
Specimen # Test Date Tested by
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Attachment 4Instruments Used Sheet
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Instruments Used Sheet
Specimen ID: _________________________
All the calibrated instruments used during sample preparation must
be mentioned below:
Instrument
Used
Serial
No
Calibration
No
Calibration
Date From
Calibration
Date To
Comments
Assigned Personnel:_________________________
Initials:_________________ Date:__________________