IPR-012R2

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Title: Preparation Of Rock Core Specimens For The Determination Of Mechanical Properties Of Rock

Procedure No.: IPR – 012/Rev. 2 Page: 2 of 48

REVISION HISTORY

Revision Number Effective Date Description of and Reason for Revision

0 6/7/2001 Initial Issue under previous CooperativeAgreement, Task 18.

1 3/25/2005 Revision under new Cooperative Agreement,

Task ORD-FY04-021.

Sentences are added to Section 1 – Purpose and

Scope to emphasize rate dependency testing.

Attachment 3 – ASTM D 4543-85, Attachment

6 – Summary of Specimen Preparation

Specifications and Attachment 8 – ASTM D

6026-96 are removed.

Text of Attachment 4 – Specimen Tracking

Procedure, Attachment 5 – Specimen

Numbering Procedure and Attachment 6 –

Summary of Specimen Preparation

Specifications are incorporated in the body of

the IP.

Specimen Tracking Sheet in Attachment 4 is

changed to Attachment 3.

Sections 3.11.1-3.11.3 are added in compliance

with QAPs.

2 01/17/2006 Added Section 3.1, sample receipt and labeling

as per the recommendation of DOE auditor (11-

15-05)

Changes made in Section 3.2, removed the

balances mentioned and added dial gauges and

calipers.

Changes made in attachment 1 under section 9,

page 33

Added Attachment 4, Instruments used sheet

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1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The purpose of this implementing procedure (IP) is to describe how to prepare rock core

specimens to be used for rock mechanics tests. This IP implements practices to prepare

specimens that meet the requirements of ASTM Standards D 2664, D 2938, D 3148, D4341, and D 4406, all of which require specimen preparation in accordance with ASTM

standard D 4543. ASTM Standards D 2664 and D 2938 are listed in Regulatory Guide

1.138 (U.S. NRC, 1978) among laboratory tests for the determination of the engineering

properties of rocks. All the steps needed to implement ASTM Standard D 4543 are

explicitly included in this implementing procedure.

2 APPLICABILITY

This procedure is applicable to all specimens prepared for splitting (Brazilian) tensile

strength, uniaxial compression, triaxial compression, pulse velocity (dynamic elastic

properties) and creep tests. Activities described by this IP are subject to UCCSN QAProgram requirements. This procedure includes procedures for measuring the dimensions

and checking the dimensional tolerances for compression test specimens, but not for

specimens for splitting tensile strength testing. The latter are included with the splitting

tensile strength procedure, IPR-010, “Splitting (Brazilian) Tensile Strength Test of

Rock.”

3 PROCEDURE

When unable to comply with the specified steps of this procedure, suspend work and

resume only after the procedure has been revised, or a Document Change Notice has been

documented in accordance with QAP-2.0, “Quality Assurance Program- Preparation,Approval, and Revision of Procedures,” Section 4.4.

Only people who have received the necessary instructions for operating the specimen

preparation equipment should operate the equipment. Safety glasses must be worn when

operating the core drill and especially when operating the grinder.

All personnel assigned to the activity are responsible for carrying out this procedure.

Only personnel who meet the requirements in their training matrix as specified by the PI

shall perform the work herein.

All the instruments used during sample preparation should be documented in Attachment4 of IPR 012. All these attachments for various samples combined will be made

attachment to the assigned personnel’s SN

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3.1 Sample receipt

Responsible Person

Assigned personnel

Action

1. Label Samples with indelible ink as soon as

they are removed from the core box.

3.2 Apparatus

1. W Wilton VSG Twenty Drill Press (Serial #: 151102)

2. HP U Rock Saw, blade diameter: 24” (Serial #: 2472275)

3. Sharp SG 618 Grinder (Serial #: 240504)

4. Bridgeport Milling Machine (Serial #: 8501018)

5. Balance, dial gages, calipers:

Balance,dial gauge and calipers used are listed in attachment 4. All these

instruments must be calibrated by a qualified supplier prior to performing any

quality-affecting work, annually thereafter, and at the end of its use, in accordance

with QAP-7.0, “Control of Quality-Affecting Procurement and Receipt” and in

accordance with QAP-12.0, “Control of Measuring and Test Equipment.” The balance must be calibrated when it is moved to another location. All these

instruments must be calibrated when readings or calibration are suspect, and if they

are damaged or adjusted in a manner that may affect the calibration.

3.3 Sample Storage

Responsible Person

Assigned personnel

Action

1. Samples will be collected and controlled in

accordance with the requirements of QAP 8.0,

“Identification and Control of Items and

Samples”, and QAP 8.1, “Sample Collection”.

2. Assure that samples are kept locked in an area

that is not accessible by personnel who are not

on the task.

3. Assure that, when in use, the samples are in

sight of task personnel at all times and never

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left alone or with personnel not on the task.

3.4 Core Drilling

Responsible Person

Assigned personnel

ActionNote: It is intended to work only in the sequence

given.

1. Chuck the thin-wall diamond bit tightly into

drill press. Be sure the bit is chucked into the

press as far as it will go. Lower to table and

mark some position on the bit or shank for

reference so that you will be able to tell when

you are almost through the rock.

2.

Connect water hose and tie hose to the drillframe.

3. Place rock block to be cored on drill table and

clamp securely with clamping devices. Be sure

that the surface where drilling will begin is

fairly flat and perpendicular to the bit. Block

the specimen with wood if necessary. Use a

combination of bolts and nuts, C-clamps and

wooden wedges to securely tie down rock

blocks, especially any block(s) with very

irregular shape. If necessary, first cut some ofthe too irregular corners using one of the

diamond blade saws. Draw an X across the

surface (e.g. with waterproof magic marker)

where you plan to core in order to allow core

orientation.

Complete the initial information for a tracking

sheet (Attachment 3) for the block you will

core.

Caution: Do not attempt to drill into a slantedsurface. The lateral forces may damage the bit

or may bend the water swivel shank!

4. Turn on water. Be sure to have ample flow to

cool the bit. If the return water flow from the

hole is warm, increase flow.

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5. Before drilling, check that the sample is secure

and that there is ample water flow.

6. Turn on the V Wilton drill press. Do not adjust

the speed of the drill unless it is on.

7. With the bit raised off the sample, turn on the

drill. Adjust to slow speed.

8. Starting is the hard part. Lower bit slowly onto

sample. Keep the rotation speed down and get

a groove started. If bit moves out of straight

line, do not continue. When starting, use a

light to moderate up pressure on the bit

(Letting the drill operate under its own weight

is too much down force for starting). Keepenough pressure to prevent chatter, however.

Do not let the motor slow so much as to

"buzz". Keep it smooth. Have an assistant

(wearing gloves!) hold drill bit while

"collaring" the bit if necessary.

9. Once a groove is started, increase rotation

speed. Keep things running smoothly. Check

water feed.

10.

Down pressure is a matter of feel. The weightof the drill is about right for many rocks. Too

much pressure will result in poor specimens,

e.g. cylinders with rough, uneven sides. Too

little pressure will result in extremely slow

progress and in unnecessary bit wear. The

return water should appear somewhat milky

from cuttings. It also is important to pay

attention to the sound of the drill bit during

coring. A change in sound often is an

indication of a changed condition somewhere

along the hole. Examples include rattling of aloose piece of core broken during coring, or a

severe grinding sound if a bit tooth has broken

off and is being ground down in the bottom of

the hole, or somewhere between the bit shank

and the hole wall.

11. You will know when you are almost through by

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the reference position you have marked on the

drill rod. Watch for water to cease returning

from the top of the hole and begin coming out

the bottom.

12. When you break through, back the bit out of

the hole and turn the drill off. If the core is not

completely drilled through, remove the block

and tap the bottom gently. Remove core.

Initiate a specimen tracking sheet (Attachment

3) for the core.

13. Remove bit and water swivel; detach the bit

from the swivel; dry and spray with WD-40;

return to cabinet.

14. Write the hole number on the hole wall. Use

water resistant marker.

15. If this is the last hole for the block being cored,

remove the block from the drill table. Put the

block in a designated storage area. Complete the

specimen tracking sheet for the block.

16. Clean, dry and oil drill table.

3.5 Specimen Cutting

Responsible Person

Assigned personnel

Action

Note: It is intended to work only in the sequence

given.

1. Use the diamond rock saw.

2. For uniaxial compression, triaxial

compression or creep tests, cut core to length

such that

2 < L/D < 3

where:

L = Length, and

D = Diameter.

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L/D = 2.5 is preferred, as it meets both ASTM

standard D 4543 (which is referenced in

ASTM D 2664, D 2938, D 3148, D 4341 and

D 4406) and ISRM suggested methods

(Bieniawski et al, 1979; Brown, 1981; Voglerand Kovari, 1978). It also satisfies the range

from 2 to 2.5 recommended by WASH-1301

(Hall et al, 1974).

3. Cut disks for splitting (Brazilian) tensile tests.

t/D ≈ 0.5 (t is disk thickness) is best for

Brazilian tests. t/D must be in the range 0.2 <

t/D < 0.75 (ASTM D 3967).

Note: The diamond rock saw is automatic.

Clamp the specimen in the jig and pull up onthe handle. This engages the feed bolt. Cut

slowly and without causing blade to chatter.

4. Close lid securely on the diamond rock saw.

This requires a light blow to front of the lid.

5. Turn on the saw.

Note: The diamond rock saw will turn off

automatically, or you may check progress at

any time. If the saw is part-way through aspecimen and the saw is stopped, release the

feed mechanism and back off the blade

slightly. The blade needs to be free to start.

6. Push handle down to disengage feed on the

diamond rock saw.

7. Remove rock pieces, including leftover

pieces.

8.

Start specimen tracking sheet for each newspecimen, if any.

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3.6 End Surface Grinding

Responsible Person

Assigned personnel

ActionNote:

It is intended to work only in the sequence

given.

The following procedure may not be necessary

for splitting (Brazilian) test specimens.

Required for uniaxial compression, triaxial

compression and creep tests.

1.

Mark the surface to be ground, use waterproofmarker.

2. Clamp core in a V-block, place the V-block

on magnetic table and turn lever to engage

magnets.

3. Grind end. Don't try to take off too much at

once. An increment of 0.02 inch (0.50 mm) is

commonly used. Use the fine adjustment knob

for down movement. Grinding is completed

when the marker color is ground off thesurface of the specimen. Use steel scale or

straight edge to make initial check on

straightness and flatness.

4. Reverse core and grind other end.

5. Ends should be parallel to within 0.5 degree.

Obviously, this will be impossible to achieve

if the sides of the cylinder are not smooth and

parallel.

6. Straightness of specimen sides can be checked

using a V-block and displacement dial gage.

Parallelism of end surfaces can also be

checked when measuring length: length

measurements should differ by no more than

0.008 inch (0.2 mm).

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7. Clean grinder and magnetic chuck when

finished.

8. Sketch and/or photograph specimen.

3.7 Specimen Dimensional Specification Checking

Responsible Person

Assigned personnel

Action


given.

Use “Specimen Preparation Report Form for Rock

Specimens Prepared for Compressive Testing

and/or Ultrasonic Elastic Properties

Measurements” in Attachment 1 to measure

dimensions and geometry of specimens being prepared for compression tests. Use separate

procedure (Splitting (Brazilian) Tensile Strength

Test of Rock) for specimens prepared for indirect

tensile strength testing. Use procedure in

Attachment 2 to dry the specimen and to

determine its moisture content.

3.7.1 Compressive Test Specimens

Responsible Person

Assigned personnel

Action

Note: It is intended to work only in the sequencegiven.

Use a hand calculator to perform the calculations

in the sections below.

1. Check for core straightness using a V-block.

a. Place the cylindrical surface of the specimen

on a V-block that is laid flat on a smooth

surface.

b. Mount a displacement dial gage on the top

of the specimen (Figure 1) and move the

specimen from one end of the V-block to

the other along a straight line. Record the

maximum and minimum readings on the

dial gage and calculate the difference, ∆0.

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Figure 1 - Assembly for Determining theStraightness of Elements on the

Cylindrical Surface (from ASTM D 4543)

The V-block shown in figure 1 is held in a

vice on the table of the ACRA end milling

machine, so that the V-block with the

specimen can be moved by the end mill

controls. The gage is held in the tool

chuck of the milling machine.

Note: Alternate procedure is to attach dialgage to grinder and put V-block on chuck

table. Run dial gage along the specimen

surface.

c. Repeat the same operations (step b) after

rotating the specimen through 120° and

through 240° and obtain the differences,

∆120, ∆240, i.e. in total, check along three

lines.

d.

The maximum value of these threedifferences shall be less than 0.020 inch

(0.50 mm). If the differences exceed this

value, an explicit note is to be made on the

test report form regarding this deviation

from the standard.

2. Check for perpendicularity and end smoothness.

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a. Place the cylindrical surface of the specimen

on a V-block that is laid flat on a smooth

surface.

b. Mount a displacement dial gage near the

end of the V-block (Figure 2).

Figure 2 - Assembly for Determining the

Flatness and Perpendicularity of End

Surfaces to the Specimen Axis (from

ASTM D 4543)

c. Move the mounting pad horizontally so that

the dial gage runs across the top end surface

of the specimen along a diametrical line.

Make sure that one end of the mounting pad

maintains its contact with the end surface ofthe V-block during movement.

d. Record the dial gage readings and

calculate the difference between the

maximum and the minimum values, ∆1.

e. Rotate the specimen 90° and repeat the

same operations (steps c and d above) and

calculate the difference, ∆2. Turn the

specimen around and repeat the same

measurement procedures (steps b - e above)for the bottom end surface and obtain the

difference values ∆1’ and ∆2’.

f. The perpendicularity will be considered to

have been met when ∆i and ∆i’ < 0.0043

inch of diameter, where i = 1 or 2.

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g. Determine the smoothness of the end

surfaces by taking dial gage readings every

1/8 inch (3.2 mm) during the

perpendicularity measurements. Plot the

readings in the diagrams in the test reportform.

h. Draw a smooth curve of the end surface, on

the test report form using ink, along the

specific diametrical plane by using the

readings from step g above.

i. Visually fit the best straight line through the

resulting curves.

j.

Smoothness requirement is met when themaximum deviation between the curves and

the best fit straight lines is not more than

0.001 inch (25 µm).

If smoothness requirement is not satisfied,

regrind specimen end. If, after repeated

regrinding, it appears unlikely that

smoothness requirements can be satisfied,

e.g. because of grain plucking, explicitly

note on the test form that the requirement is

not satisfied.

3. Measure specimen diameter and length.

Make sufficient measurements (6 diameters, 2

each at 3 heights) to a sufficient accuracy (0.25

mm (0.01 inch) for the diameter and for the

heights) to satisfy both ASTM D 4543 and

ISRM Suggested Methods (Bieniawski et al,

1979; Vogler and Kovari, 1978).

4.

Weigh specimen to an accuracy of 0.1%.

3.7.2 Splitting (Brazilian) Tensile Strength Specimens

Responsible Person

Assigned personnel

Action

Use test report form (Attachment 1 in IPR–010) for

reporting splitting tensile strength test results.

Specimen measurements are prescribed on that

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form.

3.7.3 Moisture Content Determination

Responsible Person

Assigned personnel

ActionFollow the procedure in Attachment 2 if the

moisture content of specimens is to be determined.

3.8 Specimen Numbering

Responsible Person

Assigned personnel

Action


given.

Rock samples are received in the form of drill

cores identified with barcodes

Test specimens prepared from a drill core are

numbered to inherit the barcode of the core,

and plus two more pieces of information: serial

number of the specimen in the core and type of

test. The diagram below gives an example of

the system of specimen numbering:

Rock samples are received in the form of rock

block identified with barcodes

Test specimens prepared from a rock block are

numbered to inherit the barcode of the block,

and plus three more pieces of information:

serial number of the drill core from which the

specimen is prepared, serial number of the

specimen in the core and type of test. The

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1. Identify work to be done on specimen tracking

sheet.

2. Number all pieces that result from the

machining with indelible ink. Put small brokenspecimens in plastic bags and securely label

the bags. On the label record all necessary

identification information.

3. Upon completion of the machining, put all

pieces in plastic bags and keep them in the pre-

assigned cabinets in LME 112 or LME 113

and locked securely.

4. Input all information about specimens (i.e.

specimen number, specimen description, preparation or machining information and

which tests will be performed on these

specimens) on the specimen tracking sheet.

5. The tracking of each major piece will follow

the same procedures described above.

6. Small broken pieces (e.g. resulting from tests),

will be collected in plastic bags, labeled with

the specimen number, and placed in the

cabinet in LME 112.

7. Tracking will be completed by adding the

specimen tracking sheet into record files.

An example of a “Specimen Tracking Sheet” is in

Attachment 3.

3.10 Strain Gage Installation

Responsible Person

Assigned personnel

Action

Note: It is intended to work only in the sequencegiven.

Attaching strain gage to a rock specimen is for

measuring strains in the rock specimen, usually for

the determination of the Young’s modulus and

Poisson’s ratio of rock.

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Surface preparation

1. Required Supplies:

a.

Epoxy AE-10 or M-Bond 200 AdhesiveKit (with Catalyst).

b. Cotton Gauze and Cotton-Tipped

Applicator.

c. Sand Paper, Fine to very Fine Grit (220 to

400).

d. Freon TF or Chlorothene SM Degreaser.

e.

Conditioner A.

f. Neutralizer 5.

Notes:

For short-term test use M-Bond 200, for long-

term test use AE-10 Epoxy

Never contaminate cleaner by redipping cotton

swab after initial use

Hands should be cleaned

2. Procedures:

a. Clean off dirt.

b. Mark lines to align strain gages using #4

pencil. Locate two strain gage sites. They

should preferably be: a) diametrically

opposed, b) at mid-height on the specimen,

and c) not on any large grain boundary orlikely failure plane. Use a trysquare and

center finger to mark the vertical and

horizontal centerlines for the gage

locations. Mark the actual gage area in

pencil with a square large enough to

accommodate the gage(s). Draw over the

penciled centerlines outside the gage area

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with a pen marker.

c. Sand down the gage area to remove any

asperities.

d. Degrease – use Freon TF or Chlorothene

SM with cotton swabs, apply M-Prep

Conditioner A, M-Prep Neutralizer 5;

allow each to dry before application of the

next. Brush the cotton swabs away from

the center of the gage area.

e. Apply a precoat, if necessary. A precoat

should be used unless the specimen is very

non-porous and has a smooth, unfractured

surface. First apply M-200 Catalyst to thecleaned gage ea and allow it to dry. Then

put on 1 or 2 drops of M-Bond 200

Adhesive, and spread it with a cotton swab.

Do not apply a thick coat; use only enough

to fill small pores or fractures.

f. Sand precoat smooth to original rock level.

g. First cleaning /degreasing. Application of

heat (using a heat gun) helps drive out oils,

moisture, and solvent.

h. Apply M-Prep conditioner A; scrub and

dry.

i. Apply M-Prep Neutralizer 5; let dry.

Strain gage installation

Notes:

Apply strain gages as soon as the surface preparation is completed and not longer than

20 minutes later, or repeat the surface prepping

procedure.

Gages shall never be contaminated by being

handled with fingers. Touching the foil

element can lead to long-term changes in

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resistance, and touching the backing can lead

to bonding problems. The gage should always

be handled by holding the gage backing as far

from the foil as possible using a pair of clean,

round nosed tweezers. It is important that thefoil is not scratched or marked as this can

seriously degrade the gage performance.

1. Bonding

a. Arrange gage(s) on a clean, degreased

surface. Use a 2” to 3” piece of cellophane

tape and a pair of tweezers to pick up the

gages. Place the foil side of the gage on the

tape and position them on the specimen so

that the strain gages are aligned properly(from a “hinge” with one end of the tape).

b. Apply M-200 Catalyst to the bond side of

the gage (dull side). Wait about 1 minute

before applying glue.

c. Apply M-Bond 200 Adhesive to the bond

side of the strain gages and press the tape

holding the gages to the specimen surface

immediately, using a wiping motion with

the thumb. Continue wiping thumb acrossthe gage, applying pressure, for at least 1

minute. The gages must be completely

bonded to the specimen surface with no air

pocket. Remember to use a sufficient

amount of glue (5 drops/large gage or 2

drops/small gage).

2. Wiring

Once the strain gage is securely attached, the lead

wires and wires to connect the gages in series must be soldered on.

a. The lengths of the leads must be the same

(about 18 inches) and the lengths of the

series connecting wires must also be equal

(about inches). This will ensure that any

resistance change in any of the lead wires

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will cancel out.

Note: The lead wires should not be longer

than 2 ft.

b. Make sure the lengths of the wires are

equal and the insulation has been removed

to about 1/8” from each end.

Make sure the gage end of each lead wire

has been tinned with solder. If the gage has

pre-attached leads, make sure these are

tinned also. If the gage has solder tab

connections, place a small “pillow” of

solder on each tab. Carefully solder lead

wires to the strain gage leads or soldertabs. Securely tape down the lead wires

with electrical tape.

The wires to be soldered and the positions

of each are shown diagrammatically in the

attached figure.

c. Connect lateral gages together and

longitudinal gage leads to “D” connector

lead wires. Tape each connection down

with electrical tape, once it has beensoldered.

3. Resistance checking

Check both lateral and longitudinal leads with

an ohmmeter and make sure that the gages are

reading the proper resistance. The resistance

should be as follows:

For 120 Ω strain gages – connected in series:

240 Ω from longitudinal to longitudinal leads.

240 Ω from lateral to lateral leads.

For 350 Ω gages connected in series:

700 Ω longitudinal to longitudinal, lateral to

lateral.

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For either gage type:

Infinite from longitudinal to lateral leads.

Infinite from longitudinal or lateral tospecimen.

Infinite from all leads to specimen.

4. Check gage alignment

If gages are not aligned perfectly, i.e. if

alignment deviates by more than 2 degrees

from the intended alignment, measure

deviation angle to within ± 1°. Correct strains

using procedure given in specimen preparation

report form.

3.11 Acceptance And Rejection Criteria

If the specimen breaks during preparation, indicate so on the specimen preparation form and

on the specimen tracking sheet. Tape and/or bag specimen, and return to storage.

3.12 Quality Control

3.12.1 Control of Data

Records generated in this Implementing Procedure will be either in paper form or inelectronic form. If the records are in electronic form, they will be controlled in

accordance with QAP-3.1, “Control of Electronic Data.” If the records are in paper form,

they will be controlled in accordance with QAP-3.0, “Scientific Investigation Control.”

3.12.2 Control of Software

Software’s used will be controlled in accordance with QAP-3.2, “Software

Management.”

3.12.3 Data Review

Technical reviews will be performed in accordance with QAP-3.0, “Scientific Investigation

Control.”

3.12.4 Data Submittal

The “Specimen Preparation Report Form for Rock Specimens Prepared for Compressive

Testing and/or Ultrasonic Elastic Properties Measurements” in Attachment 1 will be

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submitted in paper form or electronic form. The information in the “Test Report Form: Rock

Specimen Moisture Content Determination” in Attachment 2 and in the “Specimen Tracking

Sheet” in Attachment 3 will be entered in scientific notebooks and incorporated into test

results (in electronic form) to submit. All submittals will be submitted to the UCCSN

Technical Data Archive in accordance with QAP-3.6, “Submittal of Data.”

4 RECORDS

Quality assurance records that result from implementing this procedure are collected and

transmitted to the DCC in accordance with QAP-17.0, “Quality Assurance Records,” and

include:

1. Specimen Preparation Report Form: Prefailure Sketches/Photographs

2. Test Report Form: Specimen Moisture Content Determination

3. Specimen Tracking Sheet

4.

Instruments Used Sheet

5 REFERENCES

5.1 UCCSN (University and Community College System of Nevada)

IPR-010, “Splitting (Brazilian) Tensile Strength Test of Rock.”

QAP-2.0, “Quality Assurance Program – Preparation, Approval and Revision of

Procedures.”

QAP-3.0, “Scientific Investigation Control.”

QAP-3.1, “Control of Electronic Data.”

QAP-3.2, “Software Management.”

QAP-3.6, “Submittal of Data.”

QAP-7.0, “Control of Quality-Affecting Procurement and Receipt.”

QAP-8.0, “Identification and Control of Items and Samples.”

QAP-8.1, “Sample Collection.”

QAP-12.0, “Control of Measuring and Test Equipment.”

QAP-17.0, “Quality Assurance Records.”

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5.2 ASTM Standards

Note: Specimen dimensions and dimensional specifications are included by reference to

ASTM D 4543 in standards ASTM D 2664, 2938, 3148, 4341, and 4406 on specific tests.

ASTM D 2664-95a, “Standard Test Method for Triaxial Compressive Strength of Undrained

Rock Core Specimens Without Pore Pressure Measurements”, Annual Book of ASTM

Standards, Section 4, Construction, Volume 04.08 Soil and Rock; Building Stones.

American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.

ASTM D 2845 - 95, “Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Pulse

Velocities and Ultrasonic Elastic Constants of Rock”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards,

Section 4, Construction, Volume 04.08 Soil and Rock; Building Stones. American Society

for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.

ASTM D 2938-95, “Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of IntactRock Core Specimens”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 4, Construction, Volume

04.08 Soil and Rock; Building Stones. American Society for Testing and Materials,

Philadelphia.

ASTM D 3148-96, “Standard Test Method for Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core

Specimens in Uniaxial Compression”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 4,

Construction, Volume 04.08 Soil and Rock; Building Stones. American Society for Testing

and Materials, Philadelphia.

ASTM D 3967-95a, “Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Intact Rock

Core Specimens”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 4, Construction, Volume 04.08Soil and Rock; Building Stones. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.

ASTM D 4341 – 93 (Reapproved 1998), “Standard Test Method for Creep of Cylindrical

Hard Rock Core Specimens in Uniaxial Compression”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards,

Section 4, Construction, Volume 04.08 Soil and Rock; Building Stones. American Society

for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.

ASTM D 4406-93, “Standard Test Method for Creep of Cylindrical Rock Core Specimens in

Triaxial Compression”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 4, Construction, Volume


Philadelphia.

ASTM D 4543-85 (Reapproved 1991), “Standard Practice for Preparing Rock Core

Specimens and Determining Dimensional and Shape Tolerances”, Annual Book of ASTM

Standards, Section 4, Construction, Volume 04.08 Soil and Rock; Building Stones.

American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.

ASTM D 6026-96, “Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Calculating and

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Reporting Geotechnical Test Data”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 4,

Construction, Volume 04.08 Soil and Rock; Building Stones. American Society for Testing

and Materials, Philadelphia.

5.3

ISRM Suggested Methods

Bieniawski, Z. T., Franklin, J. A., Bernede, M. J., Duffaut, P., Rummel, F., Horibe, T.,

Broch, E., Rodrigues, E., Van Heerden, W. L., Vogler, U. W., Hansagi, I., Szlavin, J., Brady,

B. T., Deere, D. U., Hawkes, I., Milovanovic, D., 1978, "Suggested Methods for

Determining the Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Deformability of Rock Materials”,

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts,

Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 135 - 140. Also in Brown, 1981, pp. 111 – 116.

Brown, E. T., Editor, 1981, Rock Characterization Testing and Monitoring, Pergamon Press,

Oxford, 1981.

Vogler, U.W. and K. Kovari, 1978, "Suggested Methods for Determining the Strength of

Rock Materials in Triaxial Compression", International Journal of Rock Mechanics and

Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 47 - 51. Also in Brown,

1981, pp. 123 – 127.

5.4 Miscellaneous

An American National Standard, Test Uncertainty, ASME PTC 19.1-1998, the American

Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Hall. W. S., N. M. Newmark, and A. J. Hendron, Jr., 1974, Classification, EngineeringProperties and Field Exploration of Soils, Intact Rock and In Situ Rock Masses, WASH-

1301, Directorate of Regulatory Standards, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington,

D.C.

U.S. NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission), 1978, Regulatory Guide 1.138, Laboratory

Investigations of Soils for Engineering Analysis and Design of Nuclear Power Plants, Office

of Nuclear Regulatory Research, Washington D.C..

6 BIBLIOGRAPHY

ASTM D 2113 - 99, “Standard Practice for Diamond Core Drilling for Site Investigation”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 4, Construction, Volume 04.08 Soil and Rock;

Building Stones. American Society for Testings and Materials, Philadelphia.

ASTM C170 - 90 (Reapproved 1999), “Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of

Natural Building Stone”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 4, Construction, Volume


Philadelphia.

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Brady, B. H. G., and E. T. Brown, 1993, Rock Mechanics for Underground Mining, Second

Edition, George Allen & Unwin, London. Sections 4.3, 4.4.

Farmer, I., 1983, Engineering Behaviour of Rocks, Second Edition, Chapman and Hall,London, Section 1.2 Uniaxial or unconfined strength.

Goodman, R. E., 1989, Introduction to Rock Mechanics, Second Edition, John Wiley &

Sons, New York. Section 3.2, Common Laboratory Strength Tests.

7 ATTACHMENTS

Attachment 1 – Specimen Preparation Report Form: Prefailure Sketches/Photographs

Attachment 2 – Test Report Form: Specimen Moisture Content Determination

Attachment 3– Specimen Tracking Sheet

Attachment 4 - Instruments Used Sheet

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Title: Preparation Of Rock Core Specimens For The Determination Of Mechanical Properties Of Rock Procedure No.: IPR – 012/Rev. 2 Page: 26 of 48

Attachment 1

Specimen Preparation Report Form

For Rock Specimens Prepared For Compressive Testing

And/Or Ultrasonic Elastic Properties Measurements

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Specimen Preparation Report Form

For Rock Specimens Prepared For Compressive Testing And/Or Ultrasonic Elastic Properties Measurements

Specimen #: _______________

Prepared by: _______________

Job: ________________

Date: _______________

Location: ____________

Equipment used:

Drill _____________________Saw _____________________

Grinder ___________________

Storage conditions prior to specimen preparation: Room Outside Protected (how?): ____________________

If a bar code has been installed on sample or specimen, write bar code #: ______________

Did specimen break during specimen preparation? Yes ______ No ______

If yes, was the remaining length of any of the broken pieces sufficient to prepare anotherspecimen from it? Yes ______ No ______

If no, indicate so on specimen tracking sheet, and terminate specimen preparation.

If yes, was specimen long enough to continue preparation for same test?Yes ______ No ______

If yes, continue preparation.

If no, indicate on specimen tracking sheet.

Moisture conditions:

As received Oven dried Laboratory dried Saturated Other (specify, i.e. partially saturated): _________________________________

If oven dried, attach “Rock Specimen Moisture Content Determination” report form.

Mark top (T) and bottom (B) of specimen.

Specimen Dimension Checks

1. Smoothness/side straightness

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Run dial gage along length of specimen along 3 lines at 120° from each other.

Read maximum and minimum along each line, record below, and calculate the

difference between maximum and minimum:

∆0 = ________ - ________ = ________ inch

∆120 = ________ - ________ = ________ inch

∆240 = ________ - ________ = ________ inch

Maximum difference DM = ________ inch

2. Perpendicularity and end smoothness

Run dial gage along two mutually perpendicular diameters on both ends of thespecimen. Record maximum and minimum readings here. Record readings at 1/8 inch

intervals in plots in Section 6.c.

Measurements on top of specimen:

∆1 = ________ - ________ = ________ inch

∆2 = ________ - ________ = ________ inch

Measurements on bottom of specimen:

∆1’ = ________ - ________ = ________ inch

∆2’ = ________ - ________ = ________ inch

Maximum difference ∆max = ________ inch

3. Diameter

Measure 2 approximately perpendicular diameters, at top, middle, and bottom ofspecimen.

D1T = ____________ inch D2

T = ____________ inch

DT = (D1

T + D2

T )/2 = ( ________ + ________ )/2 = ________ inch

D1 M

= ____________ inch D2 M

= ____________ inch

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D M

= (D1 M

+ D2 M

)/2 = ( ________ + ________ )/2 = ________ inch

D1 B = ____________ inch D2 B = ____________ inch

D B

= (D1 B

+ D2 B

)/2 = ( ________ + ________ )/2 = ________ inch

Average diameter,

D = (DT + D

M + D

B)/3 = ( ________ + ________ + ________ )/3 =

________ inch

Estimated error δ D =________ inch

Relative error ∆ D = δ D/D = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ = ________

4. Length

Measure the specimen length between the centers of the ends.

L = __________ inch

Estimated error δ L = ________ inch

Relative error ∆ L = δ L/L = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ = ________

5. Weight

Balance used: __________

Is balance calibration current? Yes ______ No ______

If no, check with QA person or PI on how to proceed.

If weight is measured in lbs, weight, W = __________ lb

Estimated error δ W = __________ lb

Relative error ∆W = δ W/W = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ = ________

or if mass is measured in grams: W g = ________ g

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Estimated error δ W g = __________ g

Relative error ∆ W g = δ W g /W g = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ = ________

6. Checks on ASTM D 4543 dimensional requirements

a. Side straightness

Is DM < 0.020 inches? Yes ______ No ______

b. Perpendicularity

∆max /D = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ = ________

Is ∆max /D ≤ 0.0043? Yes ______ No ______

c. End flatness tolerance

End 1 (Top), Diameter 1

Measure maximum difference between smooth curve fit and straight line best fit

= ________ inch

Is difference ≤ 0.001 inch? Yes ______ No ______

End 1 (Top), Diameter 2

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= ________ inch


End 2 (Bottom), Diameter 1


= ________ inch


End 2 (Bottom), Diameter 2


= ________ inch


If smoothness requirement is not satisfied, regrind specimen end. If regrinding isrequested, remember to reweigh and re-measure length. Start new test report form. If,

after repeated regrinding, it appears unlikely that smoothness requirements can be

satisfied, e.g. because of grain plucking, lithophysae, rock inhomogeneities, etc.,explicitly note below that the requirement is not satisfied:

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After grinding ends ______ time(s), smoothness requirement is satisfied:

Yes ______ No ______

7. Cross-sectional area, A = π D2 /4 = π × ( ________ )

2 /4 = __________ inch

2

Amm = A × 25.42 = ________ × 645.16 = ________ mm

2

Absolute error on cross sectional area,

δ A = π × D× δ D/2 = π × ________ × ________/2 = ________ inch2

Relative error, ∆ A = δ A/A = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ =________

8. Volume, V = A × L = ________ × ________ = __________ inch3

Volume in mm3, V mm = V × 25.4

3 = ________ × 16387.1 = ________ mm

3

Relative error (fractional volume uncertainty),

∆V = ∆ A + ∆ L = ________ + ________ = ________

Absolute error (uncertainty),

δ V = ∆V × V = ________ × ________ = ________ in3

9. Unit weight,

γ = (W/V) ×123 = ( ________ )/(________ ) × 1,728 = __________ lb/ft

3

Density ρ in SI units,

ρ = (W g /V mm) × 10+6

= ( ________ )/( ________ )× 10+6

= ________ kg/m3

Relative error on unit weight,

∆γ = ∆W + ∆V = ________ + ________ = ________

Absolute error on unit weight,

δγ = ∆γ × γ = ________ × ________ = ________ lb/ft3

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Relative error on density,

∆ρ = ∆W g + ∆V mm = ________ + ________ = ________

Absolute error on density,

δρ = ∆ρ × ρ = ________ × ________ = ________ kg/m3

Strain gage installation checks

1. Type of strain gages

Resistance: 120 Ω ______ 350Ω ______

2.

Resistance checks

Longitudinal: ________ Ω

Lateral: ________ Ω

Longitudinal to lateral: ________ Ω

Longitudinal to specimen: ________ Ω

Lateral to specimen: ________Ω

3. Gage orientation checks

Are all gages installed within ± 2° of intended orientation? Yes ______ No ______

If no, correct strain measurements using strain transformation equations. Measure

deviations angles δ1 and δ2 to within ±1°.

δ1: deviation of axial gage = ________ degrees

δ2

δ

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δ2: deviation of lateral gage = ________ degrees

εa: measured axial strain

εl: measured lateral strain

Correct (calculated) axial strain,

ε ac = (ε a(1 + cos2δ l) - ε l(1 – cos2δ a))/(cos2δ a + cos2δ l)

Correct (calculated) lateral strain,

ε lc = (ε l(1 + cos2δ a) - ε a(1 – cos2δ l))/(cos2δ a + cos2δ l)

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Prefailure Sketches/Photographs

Note: If photographs, make sure to include label in photograph with specimen ID#, date,

and color code.

Specimen #: ____________

1. On specimen, indicate top, T; bottom, B.

T

B

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2. Indicate reference lines (at 90° from each other)

Mark one reference diameter and longitudinal line as 1, one at 90° as 2.

3. Sketch/photograph specimen with line 1 in center.

2

1

1 T

B

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4. Sketch/photograph specimen with line 2 in center.

2T

B

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Note: If deemed desirable, primarily for example to document additional

discontinuities or heterogeneities, document visual appearance of specimen from 1 or2 additional directions. If you do so, write numbers 3 (and 4, if applicable) on

specimen.

5. Sketch/photograph specimen with line at 180° from 1 in center.

3 T

B

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T4

B

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6. Top/bottom sketches/photographs

Sketch or photograph specimen top and bottom.

Use diameters 1 and 2 for tolerance checks on specimen.

2

1

T

2

1

B

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Attachment 2

Test Report Form:

Rock Specimen Moisture Content Determination

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Test Report Form: Rock Specimen Moisture Content Determination

Specimen #: ________________

Tested by: __________________

Job: ___________________

Completed Date: ________

Location: __________

Oven used for drying: ________________________________Balance used for weighing: ____________________________

1. Measurements

Initial specimen mass, M WS = weight = W 1 = __________ g; Date: _______________;

Time: __________; Oven temperature: ________ °C

Estimated (absolute) error for M WS , δ M WS = __________ g

Dry for at least 12 hours, preferably 24 hours.

Second specimen weight, W 2 = __________ g; Date: _______________;

Time: __________; Oven temperature = ________ °C

Estimated error δ M S = __________ g

________ ________

________ ________

1

21 =−

=−

W

W W

If (W 1 – W 2)/W 1 ≤ 0.001, then W 2 is dry specimen weight, i.e. Ms = W 2. Go to 2,

moisture content calculation. If (W 1 – W 2)/W 1 > 0.001, continue drying.

Third specimen weight, W 3 = __________ g; Date: _______________;

Time: __________; Oven temperature = ________ °C


________ ________

________ ________

2

32 =−

=−

W

W W

If (W 2 – W 3)/W 2 ≤ 0.001, then W 3 is dry specimen weight, i.e. Ms = W 3. Go to 2,

moisture content calculation. If (W 2 – W 3)/W 2 > 0.001, continue drying.

Fourth specimen weight, W 4 = __________ g; Date: _______________;



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________ ________

________ ________

3

43 =−

=−

W

W W

If (W 3 – W 4)/W 3 ≤ 0.001, then M S = W 4. Go to 2, moisture content calculation. If (W 3 – W 4)/W 3 > 0.001, replace specimen in oven to continue drying.

Fifth specimen weight, W 5 = __________ g; Date: _______________;



________ ________

________ ________

4

54 =−

=−

W

W W

If (W 4 – W 5)/W 4 ≤ 0.001, then M S = W 5. Go to 2, moisture content calculation. If (W 4

– W 5)/W 4 > 0.001, continue drying until ≤ 0.001 criterion is satisfied. Record data in

table:

i Wi Date/Time Wi-1 (Wi-1 –Wi)/Wi-1 ≤ 0.001?

6

7

8

9

M S = __________ g

2. Moisture content calculation

Water content, % _______ %100 _______

_______ _______ %100 =×

−=×=

−=

S

S WS

M

M M w

Upper bound relative error: =+−

+=⎟

⎠

⎞⎜⎝

⎛

S

S

S WS

S WS

u M

M

M M

M M

w

w δ δ δ δ

________ ________

________

________ ________

________ ________

=+−

+

Upper bound absolute error: ________ ________ ________ =×=×⎟ ⎠

⎞⎜⎝

⎛ = w

w

ww

u

u

δ δ

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Assuming independent random errors, =⎟⎟ ⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛ +⎟⎟

⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛

−

+=

22

S

S

S WS

S WS

M

M

M M

M M

w

w δ δ δ δ

________ ________

________

________ ________

________ ________ 22

=⎟⎟ ⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛ +⎟⎟

⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛

−

+

________ ________ ________ =×=×⎟ ⎠

⎞⎜⎝

⎛ = w

w

ww

δ δ

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Attachment 3

Specimen Tracking Sheet

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Specimen Tracking Sheet

Specimen #:________________________

Hole Number:________________________

Specimen received by:_________________

Specimen machined on:________________

Job: ______________________________

Location:__________________________

On: ______________________________

by:_______________________________

If a bar code has been installed on specimen, write bar code #: ________

Resulting specimens:

Tests performed on resulting specimens:

Specimen # Test Date Tested by

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Attachment 4Instruments Used Sheet

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Instruments Used Sheet

Specimen ID: _________________________

All the calibrated instruments used during sample preparation must

be mentioned below:

Instrument

Used

Serial

No

Calibration

No

Calibration

Date From

Calibration

Date To

Comments

Assigned Personnel:_________________________

Initials:_________________ Date:__________________

IPR-012R2

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