IPocalypse 2011 David Hyland-Wood University of Mary Washington Sunday, February 20, 2011
IPocalypse
May 15, 2015
A brief on the issues surrounding the migration of the Internet to IPv6.
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IPocalypse2011
David Hyland-WoodUniversity of Mary Washington
Sunday, February 20, 2011
IPocalypse
• The destruction of the Earth by use of iTunes, as foreshadowed by the iTunes End User License Agreement.
Sunday, February 20, 2011
IPocalypse
• The destruction of the Earth by use of iTunes, as foreshadowed by the iTunes End User License Agreement.
Sunday, February 20, 2011
IPocalypse
• When your iPod / MP3 player suddenly and unexpectedly wipes out all your music, causing fear, panic, and usually mass amounts of illegal downloading to replace the lost songs.
Sunday, February 20, 2011
IPocalypse
• When your iPod / MP3 player suddenly and unexpectedly wipes out all your music, causing fear, panic, and usually mass amounts of illegal downloading to replace the lost songs.
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Sunday, February 20, 2011
IPocalypse
• A phenomenon marked by exhaustion of IP addresses that identify destinations for digital traffic.
Sunday, February 20, 2011
3 February 2011
APNIC toallocate all
addresses byJune 2011
Sunday, February 20, 2011
IP version 4
• 32 bit addresses, e.g.
11011111 00001110 10000000 00000001
= 223.14.128.1
• “Dotted quad” notation: each segment 0-255d
• 232 ≈ 4 Billion possible addresses
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Network Layer 4-
IP datagram format
ver length
32 bits
data (variable length,typically a TCP
or UDP segment)
16-bit identifierheader
checksumtime to
live
32 bit source IP address
IP protocol versionnumber
header length (bytes)
max numberremaining hops
(decremented at each router)
forfragmentation/reassembly
total datagramlength (bytes)
upper layer protocolto deliver payload to
head.len
type ofservice
“type” of data flgs fragment offset
upper layer
32 bit destination IP address
Options (if any) E.g. timestamp,record routetaken, specifylist of routers to visit.
how much overhead with TCP?
r 20 bytes of TCPr 20 bytes of IPr = 40 bytes + app
layer overheadSunday, February 20, 2011
IP version 6
• 128 bit addresses, e.g.
2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0370:7334
Can omit leading zeros in each group
2001:db8::370:7334
Double colons indicate all zeros
• 8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal values
Sunday, February 20, 2011
IP version 6
• 128 bit addresses have two parts:
- 64-bit network prefix
- 64-bit host address part
2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0370:7334
network prefix host part
Sunday, February 20, 2011
IP version 6
• 2128 ≈ 340 undecillion possible addresses
Sunday, February 20, 2011
IP version 6
• 2128 ≈ 340 undecillion possible addresses
?Sunday, February 20, 2011
How many soccer balls?
Sunday, February 20, 2011
A line of soccer balls would stretch around the circumference of the known universe
- many billions of times.
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Maybe smaller components?
Sunday, February 20, 2011
An IPv6 address for every atom on the surface of the Earth would allow more than 100 more Earths to be covered.
Sunday, February 20, 2011
340 undecillion282 decellion366 nonillion920 octillion938 septillion463 sextillion463 quintillion374 quadrillion
607 trillion431 billion768 million
211 thousand456
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Network Layer 4-
IPv6 Header (Cont)Priority: identify priority among datagrams in flowFlow Label: identify datagrams in same “flow.” (concept of“flow” not well defined).Next header: identify upper layer protocol for data
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Network Layer 4-
Changes from IPv4
• No fragmentation allowed
• Checksum: removed entirely to reduce processing time at each hop
• Options: allowed, but outside of header, indicated by “Next Header” field
• ICMPv6: new version of ICMP• additional message types, e.g. “Packet Too Big”• multicast group management functions
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Network Layer 4-
Changes from IPv4
• No Network Address Translation (NAT)
• Automatic Address Assignment via ICMPv6
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Concerns
• Computers and common operating systems - ready
• Mobile phones - will need eventual upgrade (3G-4G)
• Routers, “cable modems” - may need upgrade
• Software - will need upgrades
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Concerns
• Server software will also be effected:
• Web servers (Facebook, Google, etc)
• iTunes
• Server operators must make code-level changes if IPv4 addresses are hard-coded.
• All Internet servers be prepared to serve IPv6-only clients by January 2012
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Impact
• You may not be able to get/make a new Website until the migration is complete (starting later this year).
• ISPs have a lot of work to do.
• Software vendors need to check their code.
Sunday, February 20, 2011
World IPv6 Day
• 8 June 2011 (00:00 to 23:59 UTC)
• Worldwide test of IPv6 across the entire Internet.
• Among others, Facebook, Google, Yahoo, Cisco, Akamai Technologies, Limelight Networks, W3C, Bing, Tom's Hardware, Rackspace, and Juniper have committed to participating in the experiment.
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Sunday, February 20, 2011
IPocalypse2011
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Credits - CC LicensedMatrix Code http://www.flickr.com/photos/trinity-of-one/20562069/sizes/o/
Soccer balls http://www.flickr.com/photos/shibuya246/3709172817/
Sand dunes http://www.flickr.com/photos/79721788@N00/5282834545/sizes/l/
Stars http://www.flickr.com/photos/odalaigh/1482685365/sizes/l/
Credits - Fair Use of Copyright
Death of the Music Industry http://www.flickr.com/photos/edcotton/5448870273/
Ipocalpyse definitions http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=iPocalypse
IPv6/IPv4 tunnel http://www.networkworld.com/subnets/cisco/chapters/158720181X/graphics/17fig11.jpg
IPv4/IPv6 datagram slides Modified from Kurose and Ross, http://wps.aw.com/aw_kurose_network_4/
Sunday, February 20, 2011
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