IP37220 - Global Environmental Politics, Sustainability, Security and Social Movements

Adran Gwleidyddiaeth Ryngwladol Prifysgol Aberystwyth

Department of International Politics Aberystwyth University, SY23 3FE

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IP37220 Global Environmental Politics: Sustainability, Security, and Social Movements

Semester One, 2010-2011

Module Handbook

Adran Gwleidyddiaeth Ryngwladol The Department of International Politics

Prifysgol Aberystwyth Aberystwyth University

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IP37220 Global Environmental Politics: Sustainability, Security, and Social Movements

Module convenor: Dr Carl Death Email: [email protected] This module divides the subject of Global Environmental Politics into three sections. The first section (5 lectures) focuses on the history and impact of sustainable development. It is now over two decades since the Brundtland Commission famously defined sustainable development as „development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs‟ (Brundtland, 1987: 43) Since then the concept has been promoted and institutionalized through world summits (Rio and Johannesburg), national strategies, multilateral regimes, impact assessments, social responsibility charters, sustainable citizen initiatives, and public-private partnerships. Issues as diverse as climate change, conservation, poverty and HIV/Aids are routinely framed in terms of sustainable development. This module begins by considering the evolution and effects of the discourse of sustainable development as one of the most influential concepts of the late twentieth century. The second section of the course (four lectures) focuses on the concept of environmental security. By positing a link between resource degradation and conflict, researchers in the field of environmental security have highlighted the risks of water wars, oil conflicts, the increased spread of diseases, poverty and disasters, and predicted a „coming anarchy‟ in which isolated pockets (or „lifeboats‟) defend themselves and their resources against an increasingly desperate hinterland. This section critically interrogates the relationship between environmental degradation, resource scarcity, violent conflict, and (in)security, and links these debates to the earlier material on sustainable development through the cross-cutting issue of global climate change. Whilst the first two sections of the course have often focused on international or state-centric politics, the third part of the course (five lectures) turns explicitly to the role of local or transnational social movements within global environmental politics. By exploring the struggles and campaigns of groups such as the Ogoni of the Niger Delta, the Peace Park conservation movement, the environmental justice movement in the US and South Africa, and climate camps and Transition Towns in the UK, the ways in which environmental or ecological discourses are being articulated by specific movements in specific places will be examined. Such a focus will help draw out the ramifications of the famous green slogan „Think Global, Act Local‟, and will explicitly raise the central question of to what degree environmental concerns can be accommodated or resolved by liberal democracies within a state-centric international system.

mailto:[email protected]



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Objectives On completion of this module, students should be able to:

Explain the ways in which environmental issues have been incorporated into global governance.

Account for the evolution of the sustainable development discourse over the past four decades.

Critically assess the political impacts of various mechanisms and institutions for governing sustainability.

Analyze the conflicts and forms of cooperation produced by issues of environmental insecurity.

Assess the contributions of specific ecological social movements to broader issues of environmental politics.

Discuss the degree to which environmental issues can be accommodated by liberal democracies within a state-centric international system.

Link specific environmental issues to broader theoretical debates within IR and political theory.

Reflect on the conceptual coherence of „environmental politics‟ as a distinct field, and assess the consequences of such disciplinary partitioning.

Teaching Methods The module consists of 16 lectures and 4 seminars. With fewer and longer seminars, the onus is on students to prepare diligently and thoroughly. The seminars will involve a range of primarily student-led activities and exercises, and will include oral presentations which will count for 10% of the overall mark. Lectures will be used to help students synthesize the literature, and to provide a broader context for the material they have read. Lectures will also involve short individual, pair, or group exercises, so students should come to lectures prepared to actively engage with the subject, and having already acquired some familiarity with the literature on the set topic. The module will also include an online teaching component, in which students will be encouraged to contribute entries to a group blog. Specific tasks and exercises will be set through the blog, and preparation of the oral presentations will need to be uploaded onto the blog. The blog is aimed to encourage students to reflect on their own progress and reading as the course develops, and to provide additional opportunities for student-student and teacher-student interaction. Reading There is no textbook that covers the entire module, but the books listed below offer a useful and informative introduction to the topics discussed. A STUDYPACK containing a number of the essential readings is available for purchase at the start of term. As far as possible, the journal articles on the reading list are available on the internet. NOTE: Between the textbooks, the studypack and internet access to journal articles, there is NO excuse for being unprepared for seminar or lecture discussions! Students should also actively seek relevant material beyond the reading list, and the volume of literature produced on these issues in recent years means you will never be short of something to read.



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General textbooks / overview texts: Adams, W.M. (2009) Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in the Third World, London:

Routledge. Baker, S. (2006) Sustainable Development, Abingdon: Routledge. Carter, N. (2001) The Politics of the Environment: Ideas, Activism, Policy, Cambridge: CUP. Chasek, P.S., Downie, D.L., and Brown, J.W. (2010) Global Environmental Politics, Boulder, CO: Westview Dryzek, J.S. (2005) The Politics of the Earth: Environmental Discourses, Oxford: OUP.

Core texts covering several key topics: Adger, W.N. and Jordan, A. (eds) (2009) Governing Sustainability, Cambridge: CUP. Agyeman, J., Bullard, R.D., and Evans, B. (eds) (2003) Just Sustainabilities: Development in an Unequal

World, London: Earthscan. Ayre, G. and Callway, R. (eds) (2005) Governance for Sustainable Development: A Foundation for the Future,

London: Earthscan. Barnett, J. (2001) The meaning of environmental security: Ecological politics and policy in the new security

era, London: Zed Books. Betsill, M.M., Hochstetler, K., and Stevis, D. (eds) (2006) Palgrave Advances in International Environmental

Politics, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Clapp, J. and Dauvergne, P. (2005) Paths to a Green World: The Political Economy of the Global

Environment, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Conca, K. and Dabelko. G. (eds) (2004) Green Planet Blues: Four Decades of Global Environmental Politics,

Boulder, CO: Westview Press Dalby, S. (2009) Security and Environmental Change, Cambridge: Polity Press. Dobson, A. (2007) Green Political Thought, Abingdon: Routledge. Dryzek, J.S. and Schlosberg, D. (eds) (2005) Debating the Earth: The Environmental Politics Reader, Oxford:

OUP. Kirkby, J., O‟Keefe, P., and Timberlake, L. (eds) (1995) The Earthscan Reader in Sustainable Development,

London: Earthscan. Paterson, M. (2000) Understanding Global Environmental Politics: Domination, Accumulation, Resistance,

London: Macmillan. Peet, R. and Watts, M. (eds) (2004) Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Development and Social Movements,

London: Routledge. Princen, T., Maniates, M., and Conca, K. (eds) (2002) Confronting Consumption, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Taylor, B.R. (ed.) (1995) Ecological Resistance Movements: The Global Emergence of Radical and Popular

Environmentalism, Albany, NY: SUNY. Vogler, J. and Imber, M. (eds) (1996) The Environment and International Relations, London: Routledge. There are many more in the library – check them out and let me know if you find any that are particularly useful. The studypack The studypack contains twelve key readings from books in short supply or not available in the Hugh Owen. It is not intended to replace the core readings, or the core textbooks, chapters and articles. It is a supplementary source for those who wish to take advantage of it. It contains the following pieces:



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1. Adger, W.N and Jordan, A. (2009) „Sustainability: Exploring the processes and outcomes of

governance‟, in W.N. Adger and A. Jordan (eds) Governing Sustainability, Cambridge: CUP. 2. Imber, M. (1996) „The environment and the United Nations‟, in J. Vogler and M. Imber (eds) The

Environment and International Relations, London: Routledge. 3. Eckersley, R. (2004) The Green State: Rethinking Democracy and Sovereignty, Cambridge, MA: MIT

Press, introduction. 4. Dryzek, J.S. (2005) The Politics of the Earth: Environmental Discourses, Oxford: OUP, chapter 5. 5. Bulkeley, H. and Newell, P. (2010) Governing Climate Change, London: Routledge, chapter 5. 6. Barnett, J. (2001) The meaning of environmental security: Ecological politics and policy in the new

security era, London: Zed Books, chapter 1. 7. Dalby, S. (2009) Security and Environmental Change, Cambridge: Polity, chapter 1. 8. Peluso, N.L. and Watts, M. (2001) „Violent Environments‟, in N.L. Peluso and M. Watts (eds) Violent

Environments, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, chapter 1. 9. Ali, S.H. (2007) „Introduction‟, in S.H. Ali (ed.) Peace Parks: Conservation and Conflict Resolution,

Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 10. Harvey, D. (1999) „The environment of justice‟, in F. Fischer and M.A. Hajer (eds) Living With Nature:

Environmental Politics as Cultural Discourse, Oxford: OUP. 11. Naess, A. (2005) „The shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movement: A summary‟, in J.S.

Dryzek and D. Schlosberg (eds) Debating the Earth: The Environmental Politics Reader, Oxford: OUP, chapter 23.

12. Adams, W.M. (2009) Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in the Third World, London: Routledge, chapter 13.

Background material: Environmentalists and environmental movements have often been inspired by more imaginative and creative material – as well as by the natural sciences. Engaging with some of this material may help stimulate your thinking about the course topics. Included below are some of the classic texts of the environmental movement, as well as some suggestions of more recent novels or films that may complement the more academic material. Some of them are also good fun to read/watch! Abbey, Edward (1975) The Monkey Wrench Gang, Philadelphia: Lippincott. Novel involving environmentalist

sabotage. Attwood, Margaret (2004) Oryx and Crake, London; Anchor. Dystopian post-environmental collapse. Burroughs, John (1883) Winter Sunshine, Edinburgh: Douglas. Classic US environmentalist. Carson, Rachel (1964) Silent Spring, London: Hamish Hamilton. Famous US environmental warning of the

dangers of pollution. Delillo, Don (1998) Underworld, New York: Scriber. US novel dealing with themes of waste and consumption. Gorillas in the Mist [film] (Warner Bros, 1988). Dianne Fossey in the Rwandan jungle. Grizzly Man [film] (Lions Gate, 2005). Werner Herzog documentary following Timothy Treadwell. Lessing, Doris (1969) The Four-Gated City, London: MacGibbon & Kee. Dystopian novel set in UK. McEwan, Ian (2010) Solar, London: Random House. A physicist travels to the Arctic circle. Muir, John (1911) My first summer in the Sierra, Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Classic US conservationist. Mulladi, Amulya (2003) A Breath of Fresh Air, London: Ballantine. The Bhopal disaster in India. Roe, Nicholas (1992) The Politics of Nature: Wordsworth and some contemporaries, New York: St Martin‟s

Press. See also collections of Wordsworth‟s poetry, inspired by the English countryside.



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Schumacher, E.F. (1973) Small is Beautiful: A Study of Economics as if People Mattered, London: Vintage. Influential ecological economics text.

The Age of Stupid [film] (Dog Woof, 2009). British drama-documentary-animation set in post-apocalyptic world.

The Day after Tomorrow [film] (Fox, 2004). Hollywood climate catastrophe blockbuster. Thoreau, Henry David (1854) Walden; or ‘Life in the Woods’, Boston: Tickner and Fields. Transcendentalist

voyage of self-discovery, inspired many US environmentalists. Whitman, Walt (1886) Leaves of Grass, London: Walter Scott. Poems of Walt Whitman. For more movie titles see the following article; http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1594/is_5_16/ai_n15674922/

Please let me know of any others you discover that you want to recommend for the rest of the class.

The web: The internet contains many useful sources of information on environmental politics, science, and news. In order to relieve the pressure on library resources and practice your research skills, you should make the most of the web, which is also much more up-to date than many books and journal articles. The following websites are good starting points. You will undoubtedly find many more during your research. Use internet resources critically – ask who is writing them and why – and cite any sources fully in your essays and presentation. News: Environmental Leader, business news http://www.environmentalleader.com/ Environmental News Network http://www.enn.com/ Environment news service http://www.ens-newswire.com/ Enviropaedia, environmental knowledge and network-building http://www.enviropaedia.com/default.php New Scientist, environment section http://www.newscientist.com/section/environment Treehugger, green blog http://www.treehugger.com/

Organisations and research institutions: Climate scientists commentary on climate science http://www.realclimate.org/ Earthscan, environmental publisher http://www.earthscan.co.uk/ Eco-equity, social justice NGO http://www.ecoequity.org/ Earth System Governance Project http://www.earthsystemgovernance.org/ European Commission Environment DG http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/environment/index_en.htm European Environment Agency http://www.eea.europa.eu/ Friends of the Earth UK http://www.foe.co.uk/ Greenpeace UK http://www.greenpeace.org.uk International Institute for Environment and Development http://www.iied.org/ International Institute for Sustainable Development http://www.iisd.org/ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change http://www.ipcc.ch/ Sustainability, environmental think-tank http://www.sustainability.com/ The Corner House, environmental justice NGO http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/index.shtml

http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1594/is_5_16/ai_n15674922/

http://www.environmentalleader.com/

http://www.enn.com/

http://www.ens-newswire.com/

http://www.enviropaedia.com/default.php

http://www.newscientist.com/section/environment

http://www.treehugger.com/

http://www.realclimate.org/

http://www.earthscan.co.uk/

http://www.ecoequity.org/

http://www.earthsystemgovernance.org/

http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/environment/index_en.htm

http://www.eea.europa.eu/

http://www.foe.co.uk/

http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/

http://www.iied.org/

http://www.iisd.org/

http://www.ipcc.ch/

http://www.sustainability.com/

http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/index.shtml



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UK Environment Agency http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/ UNDP http://www.undp.org/ UN Earthwatch initiative http://earthwatch.unep.net/ UN Environmental Programme http://www.unep.org/ World Resources Institute http://www.wri.org/ WorldWatch Institute http://www.worldwatch.org/ WWF UK http://www.wwf.org.uk/ The National Library: The National Library houses a number of resources not found in the Hugh Owen. All students can obtain a reader‟s ticket, so please make use of this excellent library and wonderful reading room.

http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/

http://www.undp.org/

http://earthwatch.unep.net/

http://www.unep.org/

http://www.wri.org/

http://www.worldwatch.org/

http://www.wwf.org.uk/



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ASSESSMENT AND ESSAY QUESTIONS The module is assessed on the basis of a one short oral presentation, and two essays. The oral presentation (and online preparation) accounts for 10 percent of the total mark, and each essay (3,000 words) for 45 percent. The deadline for the first essay is Monday 22nd November. The deadline for the second essay is Thursday 13th January. For both pieces of work e-mail your electronic copy by 2.30pm, and the hard copy is to be submitted by 4.30pm. Please see further guidelines on blackboard on „How to hand in your essay‟ The presentation Seminars will consist of a variety of activities, including student-led presentations. At the start of the semester I will circulate a list of presentation topics. These will run across the seminars. You will present your topic in groups, however you will be graded individually. The oral presentations will be no more than 6-7 minutes each, and should include three powerpoint slides, and an A4 (12pt) handout for the class (no more). You will also be expected to upload this material onto the group blog before your presentation, and to engage with the lecturer and colleagues on the online blog. Instructions will be discussed in the first seminar and lecture. Your grade will be based on the quality and clarity of your oral presentation, the visual impact of your slides, the content of the handout for the class, and your engagement on the online blog. As with any other piece of assessed work, originality, a strong and convincing argument or perspective, and good use of resources, will be rewarded. Confused, poorly structured, unclear, or incorrect material will lose marks. Work that is too long – either with respect to the length of the oral presentation (6-7 minutes; max three slides), or more than an A4 (12pt) side for the handout, will be penalised. As the presentation is only worth 10% of the mark, however, please don‟t worry too much about it, try to enjoy it, and use it to talk to the class, and your online group, about something you have found interesting in your research. The following grading scale will be applied for the presentation (10%): 90-100: An excellent presentation, outstanding supporting material, and sustained engagement with the online blog. Lively, well-informed, and interesting presentation; and useful online comments and constructive feedback on colleagues‟ posts. Efficient and well-organized, presentation and supporting materials of an appropriate length, which were posted online in advance of the presentation. 70-89: An excellent presentation and some online engagement; or alternatively excellent online engagement and an ok presentation. Some inconsistency across the two media, but overall satisfactory, with excellence in one of the formats. 50-69: Mediocre across both the presentation and the blog; or an adequate to good performance in one media, but very low or non-existent participation in the other. 20-49: Mediocre to weak performance in either the presentation or the blog; virtually no or no participation in the other. 0-19: Low or non-existent levels of participation in both media.



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The first essay (deadline: 22nd November) Choose one of the titles listed below. Use examples and the theoretical literature to support your argument.

What does „sustainable development‟ mean?

How are environmental issues managed globally? Answer with reference to specific institutions, agencies, regimes or policies.

What makes a good environmental citizen? Answer critically, with reference to a specific project or policy designed to promote environmental citizenship.

“One of the most striking political transformations of the past two decades has been the way in which environmental concern has moved from the margins to the mainstream of political life” (Dobson, 2007: 2). Discuss this statement.

The second essay (deadline: 13th January) Choose one of the titles listed below, or present your own title (in writing) by Monday 13th December for approval. Use examples and the theoretical literature to support your argument.

Assess the strengths and weaknesses of measures taken to address climate change.

How has the concept of environmental security been implemented in practice?

Assess the success or failure of an environmental social movement of your choice.

What are the main problems for EITHER a) liberal democracy OR b) global governance in tackling contemporary environmental problems?



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Overview of course topics Lecture Programme Lecture 1: Introduction Section 1: Sustainability Lecture 2: The Brundtland Report and Sustainable Development Lecture 3: World Summits in Stockholm, Rio and Johannesburg Lecture 4: Green states: International cooperation and domestic reforms Lecture 5: Civic participation and sustainable citizenship programmes Lecture 6: Capitalism and Sustainability: Carbon Trading Schemes Section 2: Security Lecture 7: Climate change and global insecurity Lecture 8: Environmental security and the Toronto School Lecture 9: Water wars and food security Lecture 10: Violent environments: Resource wars or resource curses? Section 3: Social Movements Lecture 11: Conflict: The Ogoni and the Niger Delta Lecture 12: Conservation: The Peace Park Movement Lecture 13: Pollution: Environmental Justice Movements in the USA and South Africa Lecture 14: Sustainability: Climate camps in the UK Lecture 15: Environmentalism and environmentalists Lecture 16: Conclusion Seminar Programme Seminar 1: Sustainability Seminar 2: Climate change Seminar 3: Environmental security Seminar 4: Environmental social movements



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Lecture Programme and List of Readings Lecture 1: Introduction Useful introductory texts Conca, K. and Dabelko. G. (eds) (2004) Green Planet Blues: Four Decades of Global Environmental Politics,

Boulder, CO: Westview Press, introduction. Dalby, S. (2009) „What happens if we don‟t think in human terms?‟ in J. Edkins and M. Zehfuss (eds) Global

Politics: A New Introduction, London: Routledge. Smith, S. (1993) „Environment on the periphery of international relations: An explanation‟, Environmental

Politics, 2(4), 28-45. Also in C. Thomas (ed.) (1994) Rio: Unravelling the Consequences, London: Frank Cass.

Vogler, J. (2008) „Environmental issues‟, in J. Baylis, S. Smith and P. Owens (eds) The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, Oxford: OUP, chapter 20.



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Lecture 2: The Brundtland Report and Sustainable Development Essential Brundtland, G.H. (1987) Our Common Future: World Commission on Environment and Development, Oxford:

OUP, chapter 2: Towards sustainable development. Also in Conca, K. and Dabelko. G. (eds) (2004) Green Planet Blues: Four Decades of Global Environmental Politics, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, chapter 22. Available online at http://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htm

Recommended Adams, W.M. (2009) Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in the Third World, London:

Routledge, chapter 3. Adger, W.N and Jordan, A. (2009) „Sustainability: Exploring the processes and outcomes of governance‟, in

W.N. Adger and A. Jordan (eds) Governing Sustainability, Cambridge: CUP. [Studypack] Baker, S. (2006) Sustainable Development, Abingdon: Routledge, chapter 2. Beckerman, W. (1994) „“Sustainable development”: Is it a useful concept?‟ Environmental Values, 3(3): 191-

209. Dobson, A. (1996) „Environmental Sustainabilities: An Analysis and a Typology‟, Environmental Politics, 5(3):

401 – 428. Doyle, T. (1998) „Sustainable development and Agenda 21: The secular bible of global free markets and

pluralist democracy‟, Third World Quarterly, 19(4): 771-786. Dresner, S. (2002) The Principles of Sustainability, London: Earthscan. Dryzek, J.S. (2005) The Politics of the Earth: Environmental Discourses, Oxford: OUP, chapter 7. George, C. (2007) „Sustainable development and global governance‟, Journal of Environment and

Development, 16(1): 102-125. Jacobs, M. (1999) „Sustainable development as a contested concept‟, in A. Dobson (ed.) Fairness and

Futurity: Essays on Environmental Sustainability and Social Justice, Oxford: OUP. Lee, K. (2000) „Global sustainable development: Its intellectual and historical roots‟, in K. Lee, A. Holland and

D. McNeill (eds) Global Sustainable Development in the 21st Century, Edinburgh: Edinburgh

University Press. Lohmann, L. (2004) „Whose Common Future?‟ in Conca, K. and Dabelko. G. (eds) Green Planet Blues: Four

Decades of Global Environmental Politics, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, chapter 23. MacNeill, D. (2000) „The concept of sustainable development‟, in K. Lee, A. Holland and D. MacNeill (eds)

Global Sustainable Development in the 21st Century, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Meadows, D.H., Meadows, D.L., Randers, J. and Behrens III, W.W. (1974) The Limits to Growth: A Report for the Club of Rome’s Project on the Predicament of Mankind, New York: New American Library. See also chapter 1 in J. S. Dryzek and D. Schlosberg (eds) (2005) Debating the Earth: The Environmental Politics Reader, Oxford: OUP.

Meadowcroft, J. (2000) „Sustainable development: A new(ish) idea for a new century?‟ Political Studies, 48(2): 370-387.

Middleton, N. and O‟Keefe, P. (2001) Redefining Sustainable Development, London: Pluto Press. Norgaard, R.B. (1994) Development Betrayed: The End of Progress and a Coevolutionary Revisioning of the

Future, London: Routledge. Robinson, J. (2004) „Squaring the circle? Some thoughts on the idea of sustainable development‟, Ecological

Economics, 48(4): 369-384. Sneddon, C., Howarth, R.B. and Norgaard, R.B. (2006) „Sustainable development in a post-Brundtland world‟,

Ecological Economics, 57(2): 253-268.

http://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htm



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Lecture 3: World Summits in Stockholm, Rio and Johannesburg Essential Haas, P.M. (2002) „UN conferences and constructivist governance of the environment‟, Global Governance,

8(1): 73-91. Recommended Adams, W.M. (2009) Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in the Third World, London:

Routledge, chapter 4. Ayre, G. and Callway, R. (2005) „Outcomes from the World Summit on Sustainable Development‟, in G. Ayre

and R. Callway (eds) Governance for Sustainable Development: A Foundation for the Future, London: Earthscan, and chapter 3.

Baker, S. (2006) Sustainable Development, Abingdon: Routledge, chapter 3. Bernstein, S. 2002. Liberal environmentalism and global environmental governance. Global Environmental

Politics, 2(3): 1-16. Brenton, T. (1994) The Greening of Machiavelli: The Evolution of International Environmental Politics,

London: RIIA and Earthscan. Chasek, P.S. (2001) Earth Negotiations: Analyzing Thirty Years of Environmental Diplomacy, Tokyo: UNUP. Chasek, P.S., Downie, D.L., and Brown, J.W. (2010) Global Environmental Politics, Boulder, CO: Westview,

chapter 2. Chatterjee, P. and Finger, M. (1994) The Earth Brokers: Power, Politics and World Development, London:

Routledge. Conca, K. (2000) „The WTO and the undermining of global environmental governance‟, Review of

International Political Economy, 7(3): 484-494. Clapp, J, and Dauvergne, P. (2005) Paths to a Green World: The Political Economy of the Global

Environment, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, chapter 3. Death, C. (2010) Governing Sustainable Development: Partnerships, Protests and Power at the World

Summit, Abingdon: Routledge, chapter 3. Fomerand, J. (1996) „UN conferences: Media events or genuine diplomacy?‟ Global Governance, 2(3): 361-

375. Grubb, M., Koch, M., Munson, A., Sullivan, F. and Thomson, K. (1993) The Earth Summit Agreements: A

Guide and Assessment, London: Earthscan. Harrison, N.E. (2000) Constructing Sustainable Development, New York; SUNY, chapter 6. Imber, M. (1996) „The environment and the United Nations‟, in J. Vogler and M. Imber (eds) The Environment

and International Relations, London: Routledge. [Studypack] Jordan, A. and Voisey, H. (1998) „The “Rio Process”: The politics and substantive outcomes of “Earth Summit

II”‟, Global Environmental Change, 8(1): 93-97. Lanchberry, J. (1996) „The Rio Earth Summit‟, in D.H. Dunn (ed.) Diplomacy at the Highest Level: The

Evolution of International Summitry, Basingstoke: Macmillan. Middleton, N. and O‟Keefe, P. (2003) Rio Plus Ten: Politics, Poverty and the Environment, London: Pluto

Press. Najam, A. (2005) „Developing countries and global environmental governance: From contestation to

participation to engagement‟, International Environmental Agreements, 5(3): 303-321. Osborn, D. (2001) „Introduction‟, in F. Dodds (ed.) Earth Summit 2002: A New Deal, London: Earthscan. Sanwal, M. (2007) „Evolution of global environmental governance and the United Nations‟, Global

Environmental Politics, 7(3): 1-12. UN (1992) Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, Rio: UN. Available online

http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?documentid=78




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Lecture 4: Green states: International cooperation and domestic reform Essential Eckersley, R. (2004) The Green State: Rethinking Democracy and Sovereignty, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,

introduction. [Studypack]

Recommended Andresen, S. and Hey, E. (2005) „The effectiveness and legitimacy of international environmental institutions‟,

International Environmental Agreements, 5(3): 211-226. Barry, J. (2005) „Ecological modernisation‟, in Dryzek, J.S. and Schlosberg, D. (eds) Debating the Earth: The

Environmental Politics Reader, Oxford: OUP, 303-321. Barry, J. and Eckersley, R. (eds) (2005) The State and the Global Ecological Crisis, Cambridge, MA: MIT

Press, introduction and chapters 1, 2, 9, 12. Dryzek, J.S. (2005) The Politics of the Earth: Environmental Discourses, Oxford: OUP, chapter 4. Dryzek, J.S., Hunold, C., Schlosberg, D., Downes, D., and Hernes, H.-K. (2002) „The Environmental

Transformation of the State: The USA, Norway, Germany and the UK‟, Political Studies, 50(4): 659-682.

Goldman, M. (2001) „The birth of a discipline: Producing authoritative knowledge, World Bank-style‟, Ethnography, 2(2): 191-217.

Haque, M.S. (1999) „The fate of sustainable development under neo-liberal regimes in developing countries‟, International Political Science Review, 20(2): 197-218.

Luke, T.W. (1999) „Eco-managerialism: Environmental studies as a power/knowledge formation‟, in F. Fischer and M.A. Hajer (eds) Living With Nature: Environmental Politics as Cultural Discourse, Oxford: OUP.

Meadowcroft, J. (1997) „Planning, democracy and the challenge of sustainable development‟, International Political Science Review, 18(2): 167-189.

Meadowcroft, J. (2007) „National sustainable development strategies: features, challenges and reflexivity‟, European Environment, 17(3): 152-163.

Mol, A.P.J. and Spaargeren, G. (2000) „Ecological modernization theory in debate: A review‟, Environmental Politics, 9(1): 17-49.

Paterson, M. (1995) „Radicalizing regimes? Ecology and the critique of IR theory‟, in J. Macmillan and A. Linklater (ed.) Boundaries in Question: New Directions in International Relations, London: Pinter.

Paehlke, R. and Torgerson, D. (eds) (1990) Managing Leviathan: Environmental Politics and the Administrative State, London: Belhaven Press.

UK Government (2005) Securing the Future: Delivering UK Sustainable Development Strategy, London: HM Government. Available at http://www.defra.gov.uk/sustainable/government/publications/uk-strategy/

Young, O. (1989) „The politics of international regime formation: Managing natural resources and the environment‟, International Organization, 43(3): 349-375.

Young, O. (1994) International Governance: Protecting the Environment in a Stateless Society, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Young, Z. (2002) A New Green Order: The World Bank and the Politics of the Global Environmental Facility, London: Pluto Press.

Weale, A. (2009) „Governance, government and the pursuit of sustainability‟, in W.N. Adger and A. Jordan (eds) Governing Sustainability, Cambridge: CUP.

Whitehead, M. (2008) „Cold monsters and ecological leviathans: Reflections on the relationships between states and the environment‟, Geography Compass, 2(2): 414-432.

Whitehead, M., Jones, R. and Jones, M. (2007) The nature of the state: Excavating the political ecologies of the modern state, Oxford: OUP.

http://www.defra.gov.uk/sustainable/government/publications/uk-strategy/



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Lecture 5: Civic participation and sustainable citizenship programmes Essential Dryzek, J.S. (2005) The Politics of the Earth: Environmental Discourses, Oxford: OUP, chapter 5.

[Studypack]

Recommended Bäckstrand, K. (2006) „Democratizing global environmental governance? Stakeholder democracy after the

World Summit on Sustainable Development‟, European Journal of International Relations, 12(4): 467-498.

Baker, S. (2006) Sustainable Development, Abingdon: Routledge, chapter 5. Conca, K. (1995) „Greening the United Nations: Environmental organizations and the UN system‟, Third World

Quarterly, 16(3): 441-457. Dobson, A. (2003) Citizenship and the Environment, Oxford: OUP. Dobson, A. (2009) „Citizens, citizenship and governance for sustainability‟, in W.N. Adger and A. Jordan (eds)

Governing Sustainability, Cambridge: CUP. Küpçü, M.F. (2005) „Society: Participation and engagement‟, in G. Ayre and R. Callway (eds) Governance for

Sustainable Development: A Foundation for the Future, London: Earthscan. Mwangi, W. (2005) „Three decades of NGO activism in international environmental negotiations: Who

influences NGOs?‟ in A.C. Kalhauge, G. Sjöstedt and E. Correll (eds) Global Challenges: Furthering the Multilateral Process for Sustainable Development, Sheffield: Greenleaf.

Raustiala, K. (1997) „States, NGOs and international environmental institutions‟, International Studies Quarterly, 41(4): 719-740.

Smith, G. (2004) „Liberal democracy and the shaping of environmentally enlightened citizens‟, in M. Wissenburg and Y. Levy (eds) Liberal Democracy and Environmentalism: The End of Environmentalism? London: Routledge.

UN (1992) Agenda 21, Rio: UN, introduction. Available online at http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?documentid=52

Whitehead, M. (2007) Spaces of Sustainability: Geographical Perspectives on the Sustainable Society, London; Routledge, chapter 8.

WorldWatch (2010) State of the World: Transforming cultures from consumerism to sustainability, London: Earthscan, especially pp. 57-61 and 151-169.




16

Lecture 6: Capitalism and Sustainability: Carbon Trading Schemes Essential Bulkeley, H. and Newell, P. (2010) Governing Climate Change, London: Routledge, chapter 5. [Studypack]


Routledge, chapter 5. Bachram, H. (2004) „Climate Fraud and Carbon Colonialism: The New Trade in Greenhouse Gases‟,

Capitalism, Nature, Socialism, 15(4): 5-20. Bäckstrand, K. and Lövbrand, E. (2006) „Planting Trees to Mitigate Climate Change: Contested Discourses of

Ecological Modernization, Green Governmentality, and Civic Environmentalism‟, Global Environmental Politics, 6(1): 50-75.

Baker, S. (2006) Sustainable Development, Abingdon: Routledge, chapter 6. Betsill, M. (2006) „Cities and the Multilevel Governance of Global Climate Change‟, Global Governance, 12(2):

141-159. Bruno, K. and Karliner, J. (2002) earthsummit.biz: The Corporate Takeover of Sustainable Development,

Oakland, CA: Food First Books. Conca, K., Princen, T., and Maniates, M.F. (2001) „Confronting Consumption‟, Global Environmental Politics,

1(3): 1-10. Clapp, J, and Dauvergne, P. (2005) Paths to a Green World: The Political Economy of the Global

Environment, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, chapters 4-7. Dryzek, J.S. (2005) The Politics of the Earth: Environmental Discourses, Oxford: OUP, chapters 6 and 8. Dryzek, J.S. and Schlosberg, D. (eds) (2005) Debating the Earth: The Environmental Politics Reader, Oxford:

OUP, chapters 15-17 and 21-22. Falkner, R. (2003) „Private Environmental Governance and International Relations: Exploring the Links‟,

Global Environmental Politics, 3(2): 72-87. Harrison, N.E. (2000) Constructing Sustainable Development, New York; SUNY, chapter 3. Holliday, C.O., Schmidheiny, S. and Watts, P. (2002) Walking the Talk: The Business Case for Sustainability,

Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing. Langhelle, O. (2000) „Why ecological modernization and sustainable development should not be conflated‟,

Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 2(4): 303-322. Lohmann, L. (2006) Carbon Trading: A Critical Conversation on Climate Change, Privatization and Power,

Development Dialogue, 48, Uppsala: Dag Hammarskjold Centre and Corner House. Available online at http://www.dhf.uu.se/pdffiler/DD2006_48_carbon_trading/carbon_trading_web.pdf

Murphy, D.F. and Bendell, J. (1999) Partners in Time? Business, NGOs and Sustainable Development, Geneva: UNRISD.

Paterson, M. (2000) „Car Culture and Global Environmental Politics‟, Review of International Studies, 26(2): 253-270.

Paterson, M. (2009) „Global governance for sustainable capitalism? The political economy of global environmental governance‟, in W.N. Adger and A. Jordan (eds) Governing Sustainability, Cambridge: CUP.

Paterson, M. and Stripple, J. (2010) „My Space: Governing individuals‟ carbon emissions‟, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 28(2): 341-362.

Pearce, D. and Barbier, E.B. (2000) Blueprint for a Sustainable Economy, London: Earthscan. Princen, T., Maniates, M., and Conca, K. (eds) (2002) Confronting Consumption, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

http://www.dhf.uu.se/pdffiler/DD2006_48_carbon_trading/carbon_trading_web.pdf



17

Lecture 7: Climate change and global insecurity Essential Barnett, J. and Adger, W.N. (2007) „Climate change, human security and violent conflict‟, Political Geography,

26(6): 639-55.

Recommended Baker, S. (2006) Sustainable Development, Abingdon: Routledge, chapter 4. Bulkeley, H. and Newell, P. (2010) Governing Climate Change, London: Routledge. Chasek, P.S., Downie, D.L., and Brown, J.W. (2010) Global Environmental Politics, Boulder, CO: Westview,

chapter 4. Christoff, P. (2010) „Cold climate in Copenhagen: China and the United States at COP15‟, Environmental

Politics, 19(4): 637-656. Eckersley, R. (2007) „Ambushed: The Kyoto Protocol, The Bush Administration‟s climate policy and the

erosion of legitimacy‟, International Politics, 44(2): 306-324. Jagers, S.C. and Stripple, J. (2003) „Climate Governance beyond the State‟, Global Governance, 9(3): 385-

399. Nordås, R. and Gleditsch, N.P. (2007) „Climate change and conflict‟, Political Geography, 26(6): 627-38. Oels, A. (2005) „Rendering climate change governable: From biopower to advanced liberal governmentality‟,

Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 7(3): 185-207. Okereke, C., Bulkeley, H., and Schroeder, H. (2009) „Conceptualising Climate Governance beyond the

International Regime‟, Global Environmental Politics, 9(1): 58-78. Paterson, M. (1996) „Neorealism, neoinstitutionalism and the Climate Change Convention‟, in J. Vogler and

M. Imber (eds) The Environment and International Relations, London: Routledge. Raleigh, C. and Urdal, H. (2007) „Climate change, environmental degradation and armed conflict‟, Political

Geography, 26(6): 674-94. Sokona, Y., Najam, A. and Huq, S. (2002) Climate Change and Sustainable Development: Views from the

South, London: IIED. Toulmin, C. (2009) Climate Change in Africa, London: Zed Books.



18

Lecture 8: Environmental security and the Toronto School Essential Barnett, J. (2001) The meaning of environmental security: Ecological politics and policy in the new security

era, London: Zed Books, chapters 1-2. [Chapter 1 in studypack, short loan copies in Hugh Owen]

Recommended Barnett, J. (2000) „Destabilizing the environment-conflict thesis‟, Review of International Studies, 26(2): 271-

288. Buzan, B. (1991) People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War

Era, Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Conca, K. and Dabelko. G. (eds) (2004) Green Planet Blues: Four Decades of Global Environmental Politics,

Boulder, CO: Westview Press, chapters 27-31. Dalby, S. (2009) Security and Environmental Change, Cambridge: Polity Press. [Chapter 1 in studypack] Deudney, D. (1990) „The case against linking environmental degradation and national security‟, Millennium,

19(3): 461-76. Dyer, H. (2001) „Environmental security and international relations: The case for enclosure‟, Review of

International Studies, 27(3): 441-450. Hartmann, B. (1998) „Population, environment and security: A new trinity‟, Environment and Urbanization,

10(2): 113-127. Homer-Dixon, T.F. (1991) „On the threshold: Environmental changes as causes of acute conflict‟, International

Security, 16(2): 76-116. Homer-Dixon, T.F. (1994) „Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict: Evidence from cases‟, International

Security, 19(1): 5-40. Kaplan, R.D. (1994) „The coming anarchy: How scarcity, crime, overpopulation, tribalism, and disease are

rapidly destroying the social fabric of our planet‟, Atlantic Monthly, 273(2): 44-76. Khagram, S., Clark, W.C., and Raad, D.F. (2003) „From the environment and human security to sustainable

security and development‟, Journal of Human Development, 4(2): 289-313. Matthew, R.A., Barnett, J., McDonald, B. and O'Brien, K. (eds) (2009) Global Environmental Change and

Human Security, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Penders, M.J. and Thomas, W.L. (2002) „Ecoterror: Rethinking environmental security after September 11‟,

Natural Resources and Environment, 16, 159-208. Swatuk, L.A. (2006) „Environmental security‟, in M.M. Betsill, K. Hochstetler, and D. Stevis (eds) Palgrave

Advances in International Environmental Politics, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 203-36.



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Lecture 9: Water wars and food security Essential Postel, S. and Wolf, A.T. (2001) „Dehydrating conflict‟, Foreign Policy, 126: 60-67. Dupont, A. and Thirlwell, M. (2009) „A new era of food insecurity‟, Survival, 51(3): 71-98.


Routledge, chapters 8 and 11. Alam, U.Z. (2002) „Questioning the water wars rationale: A case study of the Indus Waters Treaty‟, The

Geographical Journal, 168(4): 341-353. Daly, G. et al (1998) „Food production, population growth, and environmental security‟, working paper,

available online at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=128269 Gleick, P.H. (1993) „Water and conflict: Fresh water resources and international security‟, International

Security, 18(1): 79-112. Goodman, D. and Watts, M. (eds) (1997) Globalising Food: Agrarian questions and global restructuring,

London: Routledge. Hoddinott, J., Cohen, M.J. and Barrett, C.B. (2008) „Renegotiating the food aid convention: Background,

context and issues‟, Global Governance, 14(3): 283-304. Keen, D. (2008) Complex Emergencies, Cambridge: Polity Press, chapter 5. Klare, M.T. (2002) Resource Wars: The new landscape of global conflict, New York: Henry Holt, chapters 6-7. Lee, B. (2009) „Managing the interlocking climate and resource challenges‟, International Affairs, 85(6): 1101-

16. Shiva, V. (2002) Water wars: Privatization, pollution and profit, Cambridge, MA: South End Press. Starr, J.R. (1991) „Water wars‟, Foreign Policy, 82: 17-36. Swain, A. (2001) „Water wars: Fact or fiction?‟ Futures, 33: 769-781. Thomas, C. (2008) „Poverty, development, and hunger‟, in Baylis, Smith and Owens (eds) The Globalization

of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, Oxford: OUP. UN (2009) Third UN World Water Development Report: Water in a Changing World, available online at

http://www.unesco.org/water/wwap/wwdr/wwdr3/tableofcontents.shtml De Villers, M. (2001) Water Wars: Is the world’s water running out? London: Phoenix. Wolf, A.T., Kramer, A., Carius, A. and Dabelko, G.D. (2006) Water can be a pathway to peace, not war.

Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars. Available from: http://www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/NavigatingPeaceIssue1.pdf

http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=128269

http://www.unesco.org/water/wwap/wwdr/wwdr3/tableofcontents.shtml

http://www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/NavigatingPeaceIssue1.pdf



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Lecture 10: Violent environments: Resource wars or resource curses? Essential Peluso, N.L. and Watts, M. (2001) „Violent Environments‟, in N.L. Peluso and M. Watts (eds) Violent

Environments, Ithaca; Cornell, chapter 1 [Studypack] [see also chapters 2, 9] Recommended Bannon, I. and Collier, P. (2003) Natural Resources and Violent Conflict: Options and Actions, Washington:

World Bank. Collier, P. (2010) The Plundered Planet: Why we must – and how we can – manage nature for global

prosperity, Oxford: OUP. Conca, K. and Wallace, J. (2009) „Environment and peacebuilding in war-torn societies: Lessons from the UN

Environment Programme‟s experience in post-conflict assessment‟, Global Governance, 15(4): 485-504.

Gleditsch, N.P. (1998) „Armed conflict and the environment: A critique of the literature‟, Journal of Peace Research, 35(3): 381-400.

Klare, M.T. (2002) Resource Wars: The new landscape of global conflict, New York: Henry Holt. Klare, M.T. and Volman, D. (2006) „America, China and the Scramble for Africa‟s Oil‟, Review of African

Political Economy, 33(106): 297-309. Le Billion, P. (2001) „The political ecology of war: natural resources and armed conflict‟, Political Geography,

20(5): 561-584. Peluso, N.L. (1993) „Coercing conservation: The politics of state resource control‟, in R.D. Lipschutz and K.

Conca (eds) The State and Social Power in Global Environmental Politics, New York: Columbia University Press, 46-70.

Renner, M. (2002) „The anatomy of resource wars‟, WorldWatch Paper 162, available online at http://www.worldwatch.org/system/files/EWP162.pdf

Richards, P. (2001) „Are “forest” wars in Africa resource conflicts? The case of Sierra Leone‟, in N.L. Peluso and M. Watts (eds) Violent Environments, Ithaca: Cornell, chapter 3.

Ross, M. (2004) „What do we know about natural resources and civil war?‟ Journal of Peace Research, 41(3): 337-356.

Sachs, W. and Santarius, T. (eds) (2005) Fair Future: Resource Conflicts, Security and Global Justice, London: Zed, chapter 3.

http://www.worldwatch.org/system/files/EWP162.pdf



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Lecture 11: Conflict: The Ogoni and the Niger Delta Essential Mistilis, K. (2009) „Niger Delta Standoff‟, Foreign Policy In Focus, Washington, DC: July 9. Available online at

http://www.fpif.org/articles/niger_delta_standoff

Recommended Agbola, T. and Alabi, M. (2003) „Political economy of petroleum resources development, environmental

injustice and selective victimization: A case study of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria‟, in J. Agyeman, R.D. Bullard, and B. Evans (eds) Just Sustainabilities: Development in an Unequal World, London; Earthscan.

Iklegbe, A. (2001) „Civil society, oil and conflict in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: Ramifications of civil society for a regional resource struggle‟, Journal of Modern African Studies, 39(3): 437-469.

Inokoba, P.K. and Imbua, D.L. (2009) „Vexation and militancy in the Niger Delta: The way forward‟, Journal of Human Ecology, 29(2): 101-120.

Obi, C.I. (2001) „Global, state and local intersections: Power, authority and conflict in the Niger Delta oil communities‟, in T. M. Callaghy, R. Kassimir, and R. Latham (eds) Intervention and transnationalism in Africa: global-local networks of power, Cambridge: CUP.

Osaghae, E.E. (1995) „The Ogoni Uprising: Oil politics, minority agitation, and the future of the Nigerian State‟, African Affairs, 94(376): 325-344.

Watts, M. (1998) „Nature as artifice and artifact‟, in Braun, B. and Castree, N. (eds) Remaking Reality: Nature at the Millenium London: Routledge, 243-268.

Watts, M. (2001) „Petro-violence: Community, extraction and political ecology of a mythic community‟, in N.L. Peluso and M. Watts (eds) Violent Environments, Ithaca: Cornell, chapter 8.

Watts, M (2004) „Resource curse? Governmentality, oil and power in the Niger Delta‟, Geopolitics, 9(1): 50-80.

http://www.fpif.org/articles/niger_delta_standoff



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Lecture 12: Conservation: The Peace Park Movement Essential Ali, S.H. (2007) „Introduction‟, in S.H. Ali (ed.) Peace Parks: Conservation and Conflict Resolution,

Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [Studypack]


Routledge, chapter 10. Avant, D. 2004. „Conserving nature in the state of nature: the politics of INGO policy implementation‟, Review

of International Studies, 30(3): 361–82. Beinart, W. and Coates, P. (1995) Environment and History: The taming of nature in the USA and South

Africa, Routledge; London, chapter 6. Beinart W. and Hughes, L. (2007) Environment and Empire, Oxford: OUP, chapter 17. Brechin, S.R., Wilshusen, P.R., Fortwangler, C.L. and West, P.C. (eds) (2003) Contested Nature: Promoting

International Biodiversity with Social Justice in the Twenty-first Century, New York: SUNY Press. Brockington, D. 2009. Celebrity and the Environment: Fame, wealth and power in conservation. London: Zed

Books. Brockington, D. and Igoe, J. (2006) „Eviction for Conservation: A Global Overview‟, Conservation and Society

4(3): 424-70. Brockington, D., Duffy, R. and Igoe, J. (2008) Nature unbound, London: Earthscan. [National library] Bryant, R.L. (2009) „Born to be wild? Non-governmental organisations, politics and the environment‟,

Geography Compass, 3/4: 1540-58. Büscher, B. (2010) „Derivative Nature: Interrogating the value of conservation in “Boundless Southern Africa”‟,

Third World Quarterly, 31(2): 259-76. Nelson, F. and Agrawal, A. (2008) „Patronage or participation? Community-based natural resource

management reform in sub-Saharan Africa‟, Development and Change, 39(4): 557-85. Neumann, R.P. „Disciplining peasants in Tanzania: From state violence to self-surveillance in wildlife

conservation‟, in N.L. Peluso and M. Watts (eds) Violent Environments, Ithaca: Cornell, chapter 13.



23

Lecture 13: Pollution: Environmental Justice Movements in the USA and South Africa Essential Harvey, D. (1999) „The environment of justice‟, in F. Fischer and M.A. Hajer (eds) Living With Nature:

Environmental Politics as Cultural Discourse, Oxford: OUP. [Studypack] Recommended Adams, W.M. (2009) Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in the Third World, London:

Routledge, chapter 12. Agyeman, J., Bullard, R.D., and Evans, B. (2003) „Introduction‟, in J. Agyeman, R.D. Bullard, and B. Evans

(eds) Just Sustainabilities: Development in an Unequal World, London: Earthscan, and chapters 6-10. Beinart, W. and Coates, P. (1995) Environment and History: The taming of nature in the USA and South

Africa, Routledge; London, chapter 1. Bond, P. (2002) Unsustainable South Africa: Environment, Development and Social Protest, London: Merlin

Press, chapter 7. Camacho, D. (1998) Environmental Injustices, Political Struggles: Race, Class, and the Environment,

Durham: Duke University Press. Cock, J. and Fig, D. (2001) „The impact of globalization on environmental politics, 1990-2002‟, African

Sociological Review, 5(2): 15-35. Dryzek, J.S. and Schlosberg, D. (eds) (2005) Debating the Earth: The Environmental Politics Reader, Oxford:

OUP, chapters 30-32. Death, C. (2006) „Resisting (nuclear) power? Environmental regulation in South Africa‟, Review of African

Political Economy, 33(109): 407-424. Edwards, B. (1995) „With Liberty and Environmental Justice For All: The Emergence and Challenge of

Grassroots Environmentalism in the United States‟, in B.R. Taylor (ed.) Ecological Resistance Movements: The Global Emergence of Radical and Popular Environmentalism, Albany: SUNY, chapter 2.

Jacobs, N. (2003) Environment, Power, and Injustice: A South African History. Cambridge: CUP. Khan, F. (2002) „The roots of environmental racism and the rise of environmental justice in the 1990s‟, in D.A.

McDonald (ed.) Environmental Justice in South Africa, Athens, OH: Ohio University Press. McDonald, D.A. (2002) „Introduction: What is environmental justice?‟ in D.A. McDonald (ed.) Environmental

Justice in South Africa, Athens, OH: Ohio University Press. Mittelman, J.H. (1998) „Globalization and environmental resistance politics‟, Third World Quarterly, 19(5): 847-

872. Schlosberg, D. (1999) Environmental Justice and the New Pluralism, Oxford: OUP.



24

Lecture 14: Sustainability: Transition towns and climate camps in the UK Essential Seyfang, G. (2009) Green shoots of sustainability: The 2009 UK transition movement survey, available online

at http://transitionculture.org/wp-content/uploads/green-shoots-of-sustainability.pdf Also look at the Climate Camp Cymru website http://climatecampcymru.org/

Recommended Agyeman, J. and Evans, B. (2004) „”Just Sustainability”: The emerging discourse of environmental justice in

Britain?‟ The Geographical Journal, 170(2): 155-164. Bulkeley, H. and Newell, P. (2010) Governing Climate Change, London: Routledge, chapter 4 (esp. pp. 80-3). Dobson, A. (2007) Green Political Thought, fourth edition, Abingdon: Routledge, chapter 4, especially pp.

124-6. Doherty, B., Plows, A., and Wall, D. (2007) „Environmental direct action in Manchester, Oxford and North

Wales: A protest event analysis‟, Environmental Politics, 16(5): 805-25. Hale, S. (2010) „The new politics of climate change: Why we are failing and how we will succeed‟,

Environmental Politics, 19(2), 255-75 Paterson, M. and Barry, J. (2005) „Modernizing the British State: Ecological contradictions in New Labour‟s

Economic Strategy‟, in J. Barry and R. Eckersley (eds) The State and the Global Ecological Crisis, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, chapter 3.

Rootes, C. (2005) „A limited transnationalization? The British Environmental Movement‟, in D. Della Porta and S. Tarrow (eds) Transnational Protest and Global Activism, Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.

Rootes, C. (2006) „Facing South? British Environmental movement organisations and the challenge of globalisation‟, Environmental Politics, 15(5): 768-786.

Rüdig, W. (1995) „Between Moderation and Marginalization: Environmental Radicalism in Britain‟, in B.R. Taylor (ed.) Ecological Resistance Movements: The Global Emergence of Radical and Popular Environmentalism, Albany: SUNY, chapter 12.

Saunders, C. (2008) „The Stop Climate Chaos Coalition: Climate change as a development issue‟, Third World Quarterly, 29(8): 1509-26.

Seel, B., Paterson, M. and Doherty, B. (eds) (2000) Direct Action in British Environmentalism, London: Routledge.

Wapner, P. (1995) „In defence of banner hangers: The dark green politics of Greenpeace‟, in B.R. Taylor (ed.) Ecological Resistance Movements: The Global Emergence of Radical and Popular Environmentalism, Albany, NY: SUNY.

http://transitionculture.org/wp-content/uploads/green-shoots-of-sustainability.pdf

http://climatecampcymru.org/



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Lecture 15: Environmentalism and environmentalists Essential Naess, A. (2005) „The shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movement: A summary‟, in Dryzek, J.S. and

Schlosberg, D. (eds) Debating the Earth: The Environmental Politics Reader, Oxford: OUP, chapter 23. [Studypack]


Routledge, chapter 7. Blühdorn, I. (2006) „Self-Experience in the Theme Park of Radical Action? Social Movements and Political

Articulation in the Late-Modern Condition‟, European Journal of Social Theory, 9(1): 23-42. Bomberg, E. (1998) Green parties and politics in the European Union, London: Routledge. Doherty, B. (2002), Ideas and Actions in the Green Movement. London: Routledge. [National Library] Doherty, B. and Doyle, T. (2006) „Beyond borders: Transnational politics, social movements and modern

environmentalisms‟, Environmental Politics, 15(5): 697-712. Dryzek, J.S. (2005) The Politics of the Earth: Environmental Discourses, Oxford: OUP, chapters 9-10. Haynes, J. (1999) „Power, politics, and environmental movements in the Third World‟, Environmental Politics,

8(1), 222-242. O‟Riordan, T. (1981) Environmentalism, London: Pion. Paterson, M., Humphreys, D., Pettiford, L. (2003) „Conceptualizing environmental governance: From

interstate regimes to counter-hegemonic struggles‟, Global Environmental Politics, 3(2): 1-10. Peet, R. and Watts, M. (eds) (2004) Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Development and Social Movements,

London: Routledge. Princen, T. & Finger, M. (1994) Environmental NGOs in World Politics: Linking the Local and the Global,

London and New York: Routledge. Princen, T., Maniates, M. and Conca, K. (eds) (2002) Confronting Consumption, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,

chapters 3, 9 and 13. Richardson, D. and Rootes, C. (eds) (1995) The Green challenge: The development of Green parties in

Europe, London: Routledge. Sen, G. (2004) „Women, poverty, population: Issues for the concerned environmentalist‟, in Conca, K. and

Dabelko. G. (eds) Green Planet Blues: Four Decades of Global Environmental Politics, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, chapter 34.

Shellenberger, M. and Nordhaus, T. (2004) „The Death of Environmentalism: Global Warming Politics in a Post-Environmental World‟. Available online at http://www.thebreakthrough.org/PDF/Death_of_Environmentalism.pdf

Taylor, B.R. (ed.) (1995) Ecological Resistance Movements: The Global Emergence of Radical and Popular Environmentalism, Albany; SUNY.

Wapner, P. (1995) „Politics beyond the State: Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics‟, World Politics, 47(3): 311-40.

Wapner, P. (2002) „Horizontal politics: Transnational environmental activism and global cultural change‟, Global Environmental Politics, 2(2): 37-62.

Wapner, P. (2010) Living Through the End of Nature: The Future of American Environmentalism, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Wissenburg, M. and Levy, Y. (eds) (2004) Liberal Democracy and Environmentalism: The End of Environmentalism? London: Routledge, especially chapters 1 and 14.

WorldWatch (2010) State of the World: Transforming cultures from consumerism to sustainability, London: Earthscan, especially pp. 171-190.

http://www.thebreakthrough.org/PDF/Death_of_Environmentalism.pdf



26

Lecture 16: Conclusion Adams, W.M. (2009) Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in the Third World, London:

Routledge, chapter 13. [Studypack] Blühdorn, I. and Welsh, I. (2007) „Eco-politics beyond the paradigm of sustainability: A conceptual framework

and research agenda‟, Environmental Politics, 16(2): 185-188.



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Seminar Programme Each seminar with involve a mixture of activities, with assessed student presentations, discussion of the readings and lectures, and other set exercises. The seminars will be 1 hour and 50 minutes (with a 10 minute break), and so considerable preparation is expected, both in terms of the required reading, and any other set exercises. Seminar 1: Sustainability During this first seminar we will begin with introductions and discuss the course structure. We will assign presentation groups for the remaining seminars. We will then discuss the essential reading, so it is very important that EVERYONE has read the following texts. Essential reading: Brundtland, G.H. (1987) Our Common Future: World Commission on Environment and Development, Oxford: OUP, chapter 2 [also available online at http://www.un-

documents.net/ocf-02.htm] AND Sneddon, C., Howarth, R.B. and Norgaard, R.B. (2006) „Sustainable development in a post-Brundtland world‟, Ecological Economics, 57(2): 253-268. In class exercise: „The personal is political‟. During this seminar we will also be discussing ways in which our own personal lives are implicated in global environmental politics. As such there will be a short questionnaire circulated prior to the seminar, which I would like you to complete. We will discuss the results in the seminar, as well as discussing the creation and maintenance of personal blogs that are to run during the semester. Seminar 2: Climate change During this class we will have student presentations on (some or all of) the following topics: the IPCC and climate science; the EU Emissions Trading Scheme; the Clean Development Mechanism; the Kyoto process and the post-Copenhagen climate negotiations; and the effects of climate change. These will be assessed presentations, accompanied by short powerpoint presentations and class handouts. Those who are not presenting will be expected to listen and ask questions. During the seminar we will also discuss the following key readings. As with every seminar, it is vitally important that everyone has read these texts carefully, as we will be discussing them closely in class. Essential reading: Paterson, M. and Stripple, J. (2010) „My Space: Governing individuals‟ carbon emissions‟, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 28, 341-362 AND the Executive Summary of the UK Government‟s „Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change‟ [available online at http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/sternreview_index.htm].



http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/sternreview_index.htm



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Seminar 3: Environmental security In this class we will have student presentations on (some or all of) the following topics: food security; water security; desertification; GMOs; the politics of oil; and the military and the environment. These will be assessed presentations, accompanied by short powerpoint presentations and class handouts. Those who are not presenting will be expected to listen and ask questions. During the seminar we will also discuss the following key reading. As with every seminar, it is vitally important that everyone has read this text carefully, as we will be discussing it closely in class. Essential readings: Barnett, J. (2000) „Destabilizing the environment-conflict thesis‟, Review of International Studies, 26(2): 271-288. In class exercise: The Security Council and climate change. We will run a role-playing exercise in the second half of the class, based around the UK‟s attempted introduction of global climate change as a topic for discussion in 2007. See http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/apr/16/greenpolitics.climatechange We will assign roles representing the permanent and temporary members of the Security Council prior to the seminar, as well as briefing cards on your positions. Seminar 4: Environmental social movements In this class we will have student presentations on social movements of your own choice. These will be assessed presentations, accompanied by short powerpoint presentations and class handouts. Those who are not presenting will be expected to listen and ask questions. During the seminar we will also discuss the following key reading. As with every seminar, it is vitally important that everyone has read this text carefully, as we will be discussing it closely in class. Essential reading: Shellenberger, M. and Nordhaus, T. (2004) „The Death of Environmentalism: Global Warming Politics in a Post-Environmental World‟, available online at http://www.thebreakthrough.org/PDF/Death_of_Environmentalism.pdf During this class we will also discuss some of the broader issues that the course raises, centering on the following question: “is liberal democracy capable of resolving the environmental crisis?” We will have a class debate addressing this topic.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/apr/16/greenpolitics.climatechange

http://www.thebreakthrough.org/PDF/Death_of_Environmentalism.pdf