Iowa; Rainscape Iowa - Black Hawk Soil & Water Conservation District

8/3/2019 Iowa; Rainscape Iowa - Black Hawk Soil & Water Conservation District

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Rainscape Iowa

Phil Schuppert

Watershed Conservationist

Black Hawk SWCD

Black Hawk Soil & Water

Conservation District


2/43

Dry Run Creek Watershed

Improvement Project

Land Use:

Urban and Rural

~ 35% urban (5250 ac.)

85% of Cedar Falls, IA

Remaining 65%

rural

agricultural

15,177 acre

watershed

Approximately 24.5miles of stream

Rural, residential,industrial and

commercial areas

West Branch

Southwest Branch

East Branch

University Branch


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Dry Run Creek Watershed

Improvement Project

2008 Stressor Identification Study completedby the Iowa Department of Natural Resources

Three primary stressors were identified:

Hydrologic change and increased inputs from stormsewer systems

Sedimentation

Lack of micro/macro habitat

Secondary stressors included chloride, bacteria Additional impairment designation for

bacteria assigned in 2008


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Hydrology then and Now


5/43

Hydrology then and Now

Rate at which water reaches the Stream has

increased

Porportion of rains which reach streams as

direct runoff has increased
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/news/newsreleases/2007/aug-30-2007/managing-subsurface-water-in-the-field-can-pay-off/2007-08-30.6385532532/image&imgrefurl=http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/news/newsreleases/2007/aug-30-2007/managing-subsurface-water-in-the-field-can-pay-off/&usg=__H4NDvVZ6YZVUaJncoo_2IFNpZEg=&h=673&w=919&sz=462&hl=en&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=RY4ZdXrjgGqncM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=147&prev=/images?q=field+drainage+tile&um=1&hl=en&tbs=isch:1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/news/newsreleases/2007/aug-30-2007/managing-subsurface-water-in-the-field-can-pay-off/2007-08-30.6385532532/image&imgrefurl=http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/news/newsreleases/2007/aug-30-2007/managing-subsurface-water-in-the-field-can-pay-off/&usg=__H4NDvVZ6YZVUaJncoo_2IFNpZEg=&h=673&w=919&sz=462&hl=en&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=RY4ZdXrjgGqncM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=147&prev=/images?q=field+drainage+tile&um=1&hl=en&tbs=isch:1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/news/newsreleases/2007/aug-30-2007/managing-subsurface-water-in-the-field-can-pay-off/2007-08-30.6385532532/image&imgrefurl=http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/news/newsreleases/2007/aug-30-2007/managing-subsurface-water-in-the-field-can-pay-off/&usg=__H4NDvVZ6YZVUaJncoo_2IFNpZEg=&h=673&w=919&sz=462&hl=en&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=RY4ZdXrjgGqncM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=147&prev=/images?q=field+drainage+tile&um=1&hl=en&tbs=isch:1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/news/newsreleases/2007/aug-30-2007/managing-subsurface-water-in-the-field-can-pay-off/2007-08-30.6385532532/image&imgrefurl=http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/news/newsreleases/2007/aug-30-2007/managing-subsurface-water-in-the-field-can-pay-off/&usg=__H4NDvVZ6YZVUaJncoo_2IFNpZEg=&h=673&w=919&sz=462&hl=en&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=RY4ZdXrjgGqncM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=147&prev=/images?q=field+drainage+tile&um=1&hl=en&tbs=isch:1


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Hydrology: Then and Now


7/43

Historic Hydrology

vs.

Modern Hydrology(the native ecosystem model)

50%0-10%

15%

55%


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9/43


10/43

Getting 10% more rain than we used to*.

More rain earlier in the year more runoff*.

Getting more days when it rains*. Getting more days with big rains* .

In 2007 17 days with more than 4 of rain**.

In 2008 10 days with more than 4 of rain**.

Average rainfall about equal between 07 & 08, withmost of 07s coming later in the year and themajority of 08s coming earlier in the year**.

*Dr. Gene Takle and Dr. Elywnn Taylor ISU

** Harry Hilliker, State Climatologist, IDALS

Weather Trends


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Eastern Iowa Rainfall 1948 - 2004


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Water Quality Volume(WQv)

Runoff generated from a rainfall event that

is equal to or larger than 90%+ of annual

rainfall events (1.25).


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Infiltration Practices

Capturing and temporarily detaining water

On-site treatment

Infiltration based best management practices


16/43

Permeable Pavement


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Bioretention Cell


18/43

Raingardens


19/43

Low Impact Development

Designing development with resources in

mind


20/43

What is a raingarden?

Bowl shaped

depression used to

capture stormwater

runoff

Soil

ammendments?


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What is a Raingarden?

Are an infiltration based SW Mgt practice Are designed to handle runoff from frequent, small

rains that make up 90% of annual rainfall Are 7% to 20% the size of the impervious surface they

manage runoff from Are level from side to side and end to end Add beauty, habitat and interest to a yard Rely on healthy, intact soil profiles that have good

percolation rates

Reduce the volume of runoff and capture pollutantsthat otherwise go to streams, rivers, wetlands, lakes Restore hydrologic stability Stabilize stream flows and potentially reduce flooding


22/43

Considerations:

Soil percolation rates

Site grade

Proximity to buildings

Locating a rain garden


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Soil Percolation Rates

Investigating your soils

Three Options

Lab Analysis

Ribbon Testing


24/43

Soil Percolation Rate

Percolation Test


25/43


26/43


27/43


28/43

Raingarden Design

Raingarden sizing

Dictated by the size of impervious surface

L X W = sq. ft.

Roof space

Driveways

Patios

Sidewalks


29/43


30/43

Raingarden Design

What we know

Impervious surface

Soil Percolation Rates

1000 * =0.10 100 Square Feet


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Raingarden Design

Why is it important to follow these guidelines?
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.prairiefirenewspaper.com/files/200904-rain-garden.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.prairiefirenewspaper.com/2009/04/rain-gardens&usg=__6Dr3DdgIrU5i47h0n1I6OcYtmvo=&h=379&w=500&sz=72&hl=en&start=21&itbs=1&tbnid=fG2o6j18qPBACM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=130&prev=/images?q=raingarden&start=18&hl=en&sa=N&gbv=2&ndsp=18&tbs=isch:1


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Raingarden Design

Coming up with the Raingarden shape

100 square feet

10 ft. * 10 ft. = 100 sq. ft.

20 ft. * 5 ft. = 100 sq. ft.

34 ft. * 3 ft. = (roughly) 100 sq. ft.
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Raingarden Design


34/43

Raingarden Design


35/43

Building the Raingarden

Step 1:

Kill the existing vegetation

Remove the sod
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_vtkCUZI-PoA/SMF_CD23KzI/AAAAAAAAAIs/ltU51Vuglek/s400/GreenHouseMaterials.jpg.jpg&imgrefurl=http://minnesotaraingardens.net/&usg=__eTMEjMQ0g9O_uuTlffMd9JygcKw=&h=300&w=400&sz=37&hl=en&start=1&itbs=1&tbnid=dt5xEOc3GGf5nM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images?q=grass+kill+tarp&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://the-plant-directory.co.uk/images/roundup-pump-and-go.jpg&imgrefurl=http://the-plant-directory.co.uk/roundup-concentrate-540ml-to-treat-540m2-p-765.html&usg=__8zlNwLB9sXrMzx35U0P0hMYP2BE=&h=413&w=400&sz=43&hl=en&start=5&itbs=1&tbnid=SgM9FvNXfOT5pM:&tbnh=125&tbnw=121&prev=/images?q=roundup&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1


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Excavation

Cut and fill method


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Inlets
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/31SbneVEb4L._SL500_.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.yoygle.com/f/e/Blended/NDS/&usg=__58FiJ1AqpcXdBZKENsyYUO27JaQ=&h=374&w=384&sz=14&hl=en&start=6&itbs=1&tbnid=aFeWPz84WVGZAM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=123&prev=/images?q=pvc+popup+outlet&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1


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Berm construction and outlets

Berm height


39/43

Building a Raingarden

Mulching


40/43


What to plant

Natives!

Ordered chaos
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dropseednursery.com/images/upload/Side%20Oats%20Gramma.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dropseednursery.com/boutelouacurtipendula.html&usg=__SkH4BRriff1N772sMpi7x-bzPcU=&h=789&w=910&sz=57&hl=en&start=3&itbs=1&tbnid=BUWjXBEerqYYoM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=147&prev=/images?q=side+oats+grama&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dropseednursery.com/images/upload/Side%20Oats%20Gramma.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dropseednursery.com/boutelouacurtipendula.html&usg=__SkH4BRriff1N772sMpi7x-bzPcU=&h=789&w=910&sz=57&hl=en&start=3&itbs=1&tbnid=BUWjXBEerqYYoM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=147&prev=/images?q=side+oats+grama&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dropseednursery.com/images/upload/Side%20Oats%20Gramma.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dropseednursery.com/boutelouacurtipendula.html&usg=__SkH4BRriff1N772sMpi7x-bzPcU=&h=789&w=910&sz=57&hl=en&start=3&itbs=1&tbnid=BUWjXBEerqYYoM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=147&prev=/images?q=side+oats+grama&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dropseednursery.com/images/upload/Side%20Oats%20Gramma.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dropseednursery.com/boutelouacurtipendula.html&usg=__SkH4BRriff1N772sMpi7x-bzPcU=&h=789&w=910&sz=57&hl=en&start=3&itbs=1&tbnid=BUWjXBEerqYYoM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=147&prev=/images?q=side+oats+grama&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dropseednursery.com/images/upload/Side%20Oats%20Gramma.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dropseednursery.com/boutelouacurtipendula.html&usg=__SkH4BRriff1N772sMpi7x-bzPcU=&h=789&w=910&sz=57&hl=en&start=3&itbs=1&tbnid=BUWjXBEerqYYoM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=147&prev=/images?q=side+oats+grama&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dropseednursery.com/images/upload/Side%20Oats%20Gramma.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dropseednursery.com/boutelouacurtipendula.html&usg=__SkH4BRriff1N772sMpi7x-bzPcU=&h=789&w=910&sz=57&hl=en&start=3&itbs=1&tbnid=BUWjXBEerqYYoM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=147&prev=/images?q=side+oats+grama&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://grownative.org/images/details/DETA-3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://grownative.org/plants/info.asp?id=3&usg=__Bcuokw82dKIEBO4b52-QUDh2PyQ=&h=366&w=284&sz=167&hl=en&start=4&itbs=1&tbnid=Vy48ITYduHDkYM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=95&prev=/images?q=prairie+blazing+star&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://grownative.org/images/details/DETA-3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://grownative.org/plants/info.asp?id=3&usg=__Bcuokw82dKIEBO4b52-QUDh2PyQ=&h=366&w=284&sz=167&hl=en&start=4&itbs=1&tbnid=Vy48ITYduHDkYM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=95&prev=/images?q=prairie+blazing+star&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.okprairie.com/Images/Butterfly%20Milkweed.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.okprairie.com/Flowers.htm&usg=__BMCO2QQuPNdYOuyVKUz5CV1W71Q=&h=239&w=360&sz=60&hl=en&start=3&itbs=1&tbnid=a_kqROi--BBQEM:&tbnh=80&tbnw=121&prev=/images?q=butterfly+milkweed&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dropseednursery.com/images/upload/Side%20Oats%20Gramma.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dropseednursery.com/boutelouacurtipendula.html&usg=__SkH4BRriff1N772sMpi7x-bzPcU=&h=789&w=910&sz=57&hl=en&start=3&itbs=1&tbnid=BUWjXBEerqYYoM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=147&prev=/images?q=side+oats+grama&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1


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Whats this going to cost me?

Depends greatly on site

What to consider

Plants

Mulch

Compost

Sand

Professional services?


42/43

Maintaining your Raingarden

Weeding

Preventing erosion

Raking mulch


43/43

What if a raingarden wont work on

my land?

Iowa; Rainscape Iowa - Black Hawk Soil & Water Conservation District

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