IoT–Agriculture, Walter Stiers IBM Belgiumiot.ieee.org/images/files/pdf/summit/201705-stiers...the local and the global scale. Are Local Food Chains More Sustainable than Global

IoT – Agriculture,Theiotainthealphabetsoup? WalterStiersIBMBelgium

HowIBMdefines‘agribusiness’

InputsFarmland &livestockmanagement

Trading PrimaryProcessingandLogistics

Food andFuelManufacture

Distribution&Retailing

PostConsumptionProcessing

Seeds,fertilizer,cropprotection,animalhealth,nutrients,equipment

Crops,dairy,proteins (animalandplantsources)

Crops,oils,animals,biofuels

Milling,bulkfoodingredients,flavours,fragrances

Foodstuffs,beverages,meatproducts,dairy,supplements

Traditionaltrade,moderntrade,retailing

Recycling,upcycling,disposal

INPUTGeneticsCultivarsNutrientsEquipmentCPP/PPP/…

FOODSUPPLYCHAINProcessingManufacture.LogisticsTransportDistributionRetailFoodServicesCONSUMERS

GOVERNANCEDecisionsPrioritiesLegislation

ENVIRONMENTPeopleSoil,Water,ClimateBiodiversity/Ecosystems

PORDUCTIONFarmerGrowerCultivator

§ Marketleaderinpotato storagecondition controlsystems

§ Enhancing climate controlfor agriculturestoragesystemswith energymanagementandweather forecasting data.

§ Providing optimal &economic potato storageconditions using local weather forecasts onanhourly base

WIC Service

Calculate & Update Control Setting

Store Sensor DataMobile App Control

Get hourly weather updateWeather Insight Cloudant Database

DashDBEmbeddable Reporting

Mobile 1st

- Actual status- Alarms (push)- Basic Control - History- Performance

ScalableAnalytics:Improvingcropyieldandqualitywhilereducingwaterconsumptioninthevineyard

Results: Thechallenge:§ ImproveCropyieldsandgrapequalityby

precisionirrigationsolution§ Conservewaterduetodrought

Solution:§ RemoteSatelliteimageprocessingfor

normalizedvegetationindex(NDVI)§ Evapo-transpirationmodeling&plant

modelingtodetermineirrigationschedule

Gallo & IBM: 2014 Vintage Report Innovation Award for prototype system

20 Jan. 2015

§ IncreasedYield23%§ Waterconservation20%§ Reducedvariability,10%higher

grapequality

Doubledriplinewithcontrolelectronics.

ScalableAnalytics:Improvingcropyieldandqualitywhilereducingwaterconsumptioninthevineyard

“Thesolutionprovidesapreciseandenvironmentallyconsciousmethodofincreasingourgrapeyieldandfruitqualitywhileconservingwater.”

LuisSanchez,seniorresearchscientist–Gallo

§ Predictiveweathermodel§ Weatherstationdata§ Evapo-transpirationmodeling§ Controlasmartvariablerateirrigationsystem

EnergyBalancemodel:

ETEvapo transpirationRn NetradiationFlux(W/m2)HSensibleheatFlux(W/m2)GSoilheatFlux(W/m2)

GHRET n --=

IBMResearchcreated EZ-Farm,anInternetofThings (IoT)remotemonitoringsolutionthat helps small-scale farmerstobetter managewaterresources.Purpose isto eliminate watersupply asaninhibiting factorto crop yields inAfrica.

EZFarmsuses- IBMBluemix and- IBMIoT Foundation

to enable sensorsonthe fieldthat inform- the small-scale farmersto bettermanagewatersituation

- agricultural aggregators to identify thebestprospects forfinancing.

EZ-Farm

KalaFleming:Easingwaterscarcitybyunderstandingwhenandwhereitflows

HowSmart,ConnectedProductsAreTransformingCompaniesMichaelE.PorterJamesE.HeppelmannHarvardBusinessReview,November2014

5/11/17

January 2014

HungryPlanet:WhattheWorldEats

PeterMenzelFaithD’Alusio

CanOrganicFarmingReduceVulnerabilitiesandEnhancetheResilienceoftheEuropeanFoodSystem?ACriticalAssessmentUsingSystemDynamicsStructuralThinkingToolsSustainability2016,8,971

IntegratedcausalloopdiagramoftheconventionalEuropeanfoodsystemwithindicatedexemplarentrypointsforexternaldriversofchange;

L’Etivaz valuechainspreadingbetweenthelocalandtheglobalscale.AreLocalFoodChainsMoreSustainablethanGlobalFoodChains?ConsiderationsforAssessmentSustainability2016,8,449;

SevenFoodSystemMetricsofSustainableNutritionSecuritySustainability2016,8,196;

http://www.research.ibm.com/5-in-5/macroscopes/

IBMResearch:5-in-5Macroscopes willhelpusunderstandEarth'scomplexityininfinitedetail

Soil Weather Crop Management

• pH, • Slope, • Albedo, • Run-Off, • Drainage Class, • Sand, Silt, Clay,• Organic Carbon,• 1/3 bar Buck Density• Horizon Depth

• Daily Temperature (Max and Min)

• Daily Precipitation

• Daily Solar radiation

• Irrigation regime• Fertilizer application• Plantation date and

method• Harvest date• Cultivar(s)• Planting depth• Planting density• If rows ( spacing)

§ Key is a combination of spatial and temporal information

§ Global grid cell resolution spans from 0.8 m grid cell to 260 km grid cell

§ All resolution layer are nested and aligned at lower left corner or cell grid

Towardslarge-scalecropproductionforecastforglobalfoodsecurityIBMJR&D60(5/6),2016

DecisionSupportSystemforAgrotechnology Transfer(DSSAT)

KansasStudy:

§ DSSATsimulationusingPAIRSdata:§ Yieldforecast– Anthesis date&Maturitydateforecast

§ Historicalwheatyieldsimulation§ Onepointinthecountyvs.thereportedaverageyieldforthecounty§ Thesub-objectivewastocheckthegeneraltrend

§ Seasonalanalysisandvariousscenarios§ Yieldpotential,impactofirrigation,N

§ Satellitebasedvegetationindexintegration§ NDVI-normalizeddifferencevegetationindex

CONCLUSIONS:§ Globalcropproductionestimatesrequirethe

combinationofcropmodels(DSSAT)withbigdataplatforms(PAIRS)

§ PAIRSoffersuniquecapabilitiesincludecomplexcross-layerqueriesanddatadiscovery

§ Geospatialbigdataplatformstodrivethismodelingexistandareimproving

§ Trainingmodelsonhistoricaldataisachallenge:

§ accesstoreliabledatasets§ domainknowledgeintegration§ reusabilityoftheinformation

§ PAIRScanbeusedtoimproveforecasts(croptype,productionyield,weather,etc.)relevanttocommoditytrading.

§ PAIRScanbeusedtoimpactfarmingoperations(optimizedirrigation,fertilization,cropprotection,etc.)

§ Kansas,USA(213,000Km^2)§ Elevation: 207mto1232m(average~610m)§ TheclimateofKansascanbecharacterizedinterms

ofthreetypes:§ humidcontinental,§ semi-aridsteppe,and§ humidsubtropical

§ Kansashasthelargestchangeinweatherconditions:westpartirrigated- eastpartrainfed

§ 8,800,000acresharvestedin2014§ SecondlargestproducerofWheatintheUS

Evapo-transpirationModel

t0t1

t2

t0t1

t2

PAIRSlayer

NewPAIRSlayer

Temp Humidity Radiance Wind

Toconclude…Agri-FoodSupplyChainbenefitsfromIoT,takenintoconsideration:Therange,varietyandcomplexityoftheeco-systemThebenefitsfromCloud,Analytics&SharedData§ TakebenefitofdifferenttypesofIoT datafromtheeco-system

IoT2:IoT outsideTechnology,e.g.terrain,soil,weather,genetics,satelliteinfo,sales,…

§ AnIoT FrameworktoconnectsensorsandactuatorsonaPaaSplatform§ ProvideAccessRights,includinggranularsecurity&privacy§ DetailedAnalytics&Models,enhancedwithcognitiveservices

Buildondatamanagement,curation,statistics,physicsbasedmodels,machinelearning

§ Blockchain fore.g.track&trace,provenance,frauddetection,…