IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-5 DRILL 24 JAN 2012 Which of the following data sets is the potential source for the pie chart below? A B C U.S. Energy Use 1996.

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POLY ENGINEERING3-5

DRILL24 JAN 2012

Which of the following data sets is the potential source for the pie chart below?

A B C

U.S. Energy Use 1996

101%

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POLY ENGINEERING3-5

1. Fuels produced from renewable resources2. Renewable Resources:

A natural resource replenished by natural processes at a rate comparable or faster than its rate of consumption by humans or other users.

Renewable Fuels

Copy in your notebook

Energy Sources – Fuels

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POLY ENGINEERING3-5

Biofuel

1. Any fuel with an 80% minimum content by volume of materials derived from living organisms harvested within 10 years of fuel manufacture

2. Ford’s “Model T” – 1st affordable automobile – designed to run on ethanol

3. The diesel engine – invented 1897 – was designed to run on biodiesel

4. Like coal, natural gas, and petroleum, biofuel is a form of stored solar energy

5. It is biodegradable

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Sources of Biofuel

1. Bio Waste – biogas (methane)a) Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

~70% of landfill MSW is biofuel materialb) Sewage sludgec) Animal waste and manured) Used oils

2. Edible FoodsAnimal fats, vegetable oils, seeds, corn, wheat,

sugar cane, etc.

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Sources of Biofuel

3. Non-edible Parts of FoodsAgricultural residues (peels, skins, husks, straw,

cores, fish heads)4. Algae

1) Yields of algal oil are greater than traditional oilseeds

2) Can grow far from farmlands and forests, minimizing damage to those ecosystems/food chains

3) Can be grown in sewages and next to smokestacks to digest pollutants and give oil

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Types of Biofuel

1. Vegetable Oil a) Lower quality (not quite edible) used for fuel oilb) Used veg. oil increasingly used for biodiesel

Restaurant cooking oil sold/stolen and used2. Bioalcohols

a) Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Butanolb) Energy content comparable to gasolinec) “Flexfuel” systems can run on gasoline or ethanol

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continuation… d) Ethanol is the most common biofuel worldwidee) Brazil is largest source of ethanolf) E85 – most common type – 85% ethanol, 15%

gasoline.g) Chemical Formula:

1. Methane = CH4

2. Methanol = CH4O = CH3OH

3. Ethane = C2H6

4. Ethanol = C2H6O = C2H5OH

Alcohol

Types of Biofuel

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1. What are the (4) sources of biofuel?

2. Name the (4) bioalcohols.

3. What are (5) types of biofuels?

March 12, 2014Drill

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POLY ENGINEERING3-5

1. What are the (4) sources of biofuel?biowaste, edible foods, non-edible food,

algae2. Name the (4) bioalcohols. ethanol, methanol, propanol and butanol3. What are (5) types of biofuels?

vegetable oil, bioalcohol, biodiesel, biogas and

biomass

Drill

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3. Biodiesel1) Diesel engine was invented to run on peanut oil2) Most common biofuel in Europe 3) Packs as much energy as its fossil fuel counterpart4) Can be used in existing diesel engines with little

modification5) Made from vegetable oils – soybean, canola, hemp6) Made from animal fats7) Made from algae

"The use of vegetable oils for engine fuels may seem insignificant today. But such oils may become in the course of time as important as the petroleum and coal tar products of the present time“

Rudolf Diesel, 1912

Types of Biofuel

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Production of Biodiesel

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4. Biogas 1) Produced by anaerobic digestion of organic material

a) Anaerobic digestion – microorganisms break down biodegradables in absence of oxygen

b) Organic material – a once-living organism, capable of decay, or the product of decay

2) Landfills (70% of landfill) and other biodegradable wastes

3) Manure and other sources currently released into atmosphere

4) Biogas contains methane

Types of Biofuel

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5. Solid Biofuels – Biomass 1) Wood, sawdust, grass cuttings, domestic refuse,

charcoal, agricultural waste, non-food energy crops, and dried manure

2) When already in usable form (firewood), can be burned directly for heat or produce steam (for electricity generation)

3) When not in usable form, create pellets out of material to be burned in pellet stove

Wood pellet stove

Types of Biofuel

U.S. Biofuel Production

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1980/01 1985/06 1990/91 1995/96 2000/01 2005/06 2010/11

Billion gallons

Ethanol Biodiesel

Note: 2006/07 through 2010/11 are projected based on the February 9, 2007, World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates, the March 2, 2007, Grains and Oilseeds Outlook 2007, and the February 2007 USDA Agricultural Projections to 2016.

U.S. Maintains Corn Exports as Ethanol and Corn Production Expands

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

MM

T

Corn production Exports Corn use for ethanol