Ionospheric Data - NIST...1* In the January issue of this report, IRPL-F5, values of f E for Maui, Hawaii, in October, 1944, were plotted in Fig® 26 one hour earlier than they should

IRPL-F7 V \

IONOSPHERIC DATA

ISSUED

MARCH, 1945

PREPARED BY INTERSERVICE RADIO PROPAGATION LABORATORY National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C.

"This document contains information affecting the national defense

of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Act,SO U.S.C.,

31 and 32. Its transmission or the revelation of its contents in any man¬

ner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.”

IRPL-F? Issued 25 Mar 1945

INTERSERVICE RADIO PROPAGATION LABORATORY National of Standards

Washington* D.C.

Organized under Joint U.S. Communications Board

IONOSPHERIC DATA

I\Tot,ea“ Following the recommendations of the International Radio propagation Conference, held in Washington 17 April to 5 May 19445 median values of all ionospheric characteristics are reported, begin- rung with data for January* 1945a for Washington, for all stations re¬ porting to th® XEPL, !«>©»* Baffin I®* Canada^ Christmas I© 3 Fairbanks^ Alaska| Reykjavik* Icelandj Maui* Hawaii| Trinidad, Brit© West Indiesj Huancayo, Peru* Watheroo, W® Australiaj San Francisco, Calif® j Baton Rouge, La0s San Juan, Puerto Rico, end for th© Canadian stations at Churchill and Ottawa, Canada* Conventions used in datemining median values ar© given on page 6®

CONTENTS

TERMINOLOGY a®o©®e®o®o®e o®®oeoo®o®o®0 Pag® 4 MONTHLY AVERAGES -4ND MEDIAN VALUES OF IONOSPHERIC DATA « © ® Pag© 4

Monthly averages ©f critical frequencies, virtual heights and F2-layer maximum usable frequency factors for all data prior to 1 January 1945, median values of these quantities for subsequent data from the sta« tions listed above, median values of highest frequency of Is refleetionsi and (graphical presentation-only) percentage of total time of occurrence of Es above 3, 5* and 7 Me®

Provisional data (received by telephone or telegraph)

February, 1945 ' .Fairbanks, Alaska Reykjavik, Iceland * ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® © ® ® ® Churchill, w&nnda

Provisional data (continued)

Janu'ar3^ s 1945 , Burgheau , Soot land ©©©*©©©©©©©©© ©©©©©©* Table 10

Delhis India e©***©©©©©©©*©©©©©©©©©© Table 11 Trinidad*, Brit© West Indies e«®*e©©©*«- ««©«, Table 12 Chrxstmas X@ a®e®o«@®©@©®©s««se8*»® Table 13 Vfatheroo, w© Australia ©s«®«®®»®®©.o®9tc T&bl© 14

Dec eacher , 1944 Cape York* Q., Australia e*©©©©©©®®®®©®©® Table 15

Final data

February, 1945 tv ashing ton, D ©C © ©©©©©©©©©©0©©©©©©©©* Table IS

Figs© 1 and 2 San Francisco, Calif© • «•••©•©••..• . Table 17

Figs© 3 and 4 Baton Rouge, Louisiana ©*©©©©««©©©©»». „© Table 18

Figs© 5 and 6 San Juan, Puerto Rico ®©®©©©#©©©©©©©®©©c Table 19

Figs© 7 and 8

January, 1945 Fairbanks, Alaska » ©

Churchill, Canada © ©

San Francisco, Calif©

Maui, Hawaii » © © « ©

Guam I €> «©i«e©o©ee0«'®e

0 €> ©©©

$ © 0©©®C©Ge©©©0

©eooQsooceeoec

©« ©©©©Geo©*©©©*.

©©©eoe

3

Final data {continual}

December, 1944 '™"Ra y k jaVTkT" Iceland ©©©s®,*®,®, os?,©*®,© Table 31

Figs®BS and 27 lAirghead , Scotland. ©8®®®©o»®es®»®®®©,@ Table 32

Fig© 28 Sverdlovsk, UeS©SaH® ©as®®©®®®®©®®®®®®© TaoX@ 33

Figa 29

Slough, ' HJngXand s®®®®©®®®®,®©®®®©®©®® Table 34 Fig* 30

M9.UX jj) H&W&3.X .2ia®0a Table 36 Fig® 33

Pitcairn I© • • No revision of values presented. Table 14, IRPL-F6 Fig, 34

Brisbane, Q«, Australia • • • , ...Table 37 Figs,35 and 36

Kermadee Is•••••.».« . • •••••.,,, Table 38 Fig, 37

Watheroo, W, Australia Table 39 Figs*38 and 39

Eft, Stromlo, N,S,W®9 Australia ••••••••••,,, Table 40

FigSo40 and 41 Christchurch, N,Z® o,,, ©*,,»«», ,,@,0,® Table 41

Figs©42 and 43 Campbell 1® ®»o a®,©®,®®®*,®®®®®©®©® T&dX© 42

Fig® 44

November, 1944 F eylsJavxIE"^ Iceland © ® ® « © ® ©o©,,,,,,,,®©® Table 43

Figs »-45 and 46 Burghead ^ Scotland a®®®©®®®®® ® « ® ® Table 44

Fig® 47 Slough, Fng Tana ©a©©©©®*?,©,®,®, Table 45

Fig® 48 Delhi, India ©©©a,©®® ©e®©,®,,®©®,,. Table 46

Fig© 49 Watheroo, W, Australia o««e. «»•»•»«,©,•,,, Table 47

Figs,50 and 51

October, 1944 Watheroo, W® Australia e,,,,*®,,,,,,,,,,. Table 48

Figs,52 and 53

IONOSPHERIC DATA FOR EVERY DAY AM) HOUR ® • • . • . • . . . . . • . Page 6

February* 1345 'Washington, D®C®

h'F2 . . . . . • . * . • . . . , . . ® . . Table 49 f°F2 . . . . • , . • • . * . . . • * . • * • « . Tables 50 and 51 DF1 # e , . Table 52 f°Fl • Table 53 h? S • • . . • . • * • . ... • . . . . . « Table 54 f°S • Table 55 Es . ...» • * * * * * • Table 56 F2-M1500 ... ® «. ® ® ® .. ® . Table 57 F2-M3000 * • • • • . • . * * • . . • . . * . * * . . . Table 53 F2-M3500 • * . * . . ♦ . . . . * . . . • . . . * . . . Table 53 Fl" 113000 . * . . . .............. . . . • Table 60 E~?fX500 a...................... Table 61

IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES . . . . ....... . . . . . . • • * Page q

Ionospheric s tor mi ness Table 62 Ionospheric character and principal storms observed

at Washington, D.C., February, 1945® ■Sudden Ionosphere Disturbances®- Hone observed at Washington, D.C®

during February®

ERRATA Page 7

TERMINOLOGY

The symbols and terminology used in this report are those adopted by the Intermtiona 1 Radio Propagation Conference, and given in detail on pages 24 to 26 of the report IRPL»C61, “Report of International Radio Propagation Conference”, and on pages 4 and 5 of the previous F-series reports IRPL-Fl, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6®

MONTHLY AVERAGES AND MEDIAN VALUES OF IONOSPHERIC DATA

The tables and graphs of ionospheric data presented here are assembled by the Interservice Radio Propagation Laboratory for analysis and correla¬ tion principally incidental to IRPL predictions of radio propagation condi¬

tions* These data are furnished by the following*

Carnegie Institution of Washington (Department of Terrestrial Magnetism) Baffin I®, Canada Christmas I* Fairbanks, Alaska (University of Alaska, College, Alaska) Reykjavik, Iceland Maui, Hawaii

Trinidad, Brit .’West Indies Kuancayo, Peru Watheroo, Yv. Australia

5

British national Physical Laboratorys and. Inter-Services Ionosphere Bureau Radio Research Station, Slouch, England Great Baddow, England Burgheads Scotland Delhib India Madras, India Siaonstown^ Union of So Africa

Australian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Radio Research Board, Australia Brisbane, Australia Mt« Stromlo, Canberra, NSW, Australia Cape York, Q®, Australia

Canadian Department of Rational Defence, Raval Service Churchill, Canada Ottawa, Canada

New Zealand Kt-.dio Research committee ELermaa ec Is « Cl r stchurch (Canterbury University College Observatory) Campbell Is* Pitcairn 1*

Peoples'’ Commissar for Postal and Electric Communications, Moscow, U»S®S®R® Tykhi Bay* U®S®S®R® Tomsk, U.S®S9R« Sverdlovsk, U®S«S®R® Moscow, U*S®S®R®

.Rational Bureau of Standards. Washington, D«Ca Stanford University, (San Francisco), California Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, P«R9 United States Army Air Forces, Pacific Ocean .Area

Guam I® Kwajalein Atoll

The nprovisional data** tables give values as reported to the IRPL by telephone or telegraph® Any errors in these values will be corrected in later issues of the F-series reports®

The Mfinal data5’ tables and graphs are correct for the values reported to the IRPL, but, because of variations in practice in the interpretation of records and scaling and [email protected] of reporting of values, may at times give an erroneous conception of typical ionospheric characteristics at the sta¬ tion® Some of these errors are due tog

a* Differences in scaling records where spread echoes are present®

b® Omission of values where f°F2 is less than or equal to f °F1, leading to erroneously high values of monthly average or median values*

6

c e Omission of values where critical frequencies are less than the lower frequency limit of the recorder, also leading to erroneously high values of monthly average or median values *

These effects were discussed on pages 6 and 7 of the previous F-series re¬ ports , IRPL-Fl, 2, 3, 4, and 5® Discrepancies between predicted and ob¬ served values are often ascribabl® to these effects*

IONOSPHERIC DATA FOR EVERY DAY AND HOUR

These data, observed at Vashington, D*C*, follow the scaling practices given in the report IRPL-C61, "Report of International Radio Propagation Con¬ ference", pages 36 to 39®

In determining the median values presented in this report, the follow¬ ing Conventions have been adopted:

a* For all characteristics: where the value is missing because of A, E, or C (see IRPL-C61, loe* cit®), that hour is omitted from the median count*

b® In addition,

(1) For critics,! frequencies: For all layers, where a value is missing because of E

(see IRPL-C61, loc® cit*), it is counted as less than the lower limit of the recorder*

(2) For virtual heights: Values missing for any reason are omitted from the median

c ount *

(3) For muf factors? Where a value is missing because of G (see IRPL-C61, Xoc©

cit*), it is courted as less than the median count© Values missing for any other reason are omitted from .the

median count®

Table 62 presents ionospheric character figures for Washington, D.Co# during February, 1945, as determined by the criteria presented in th© re¬ port IRPL-R5, "Criteria for Ionospheric Storminess", together with American magnetic K-figures which are usually covariant with them®

7

ERRATA

1* In the January issue of this report, IRPL-F5, values of f°E for Maui, Hawaii, in October, 1944, were plotted in Fig® 26 one hour earlier than they should have been® Values given for these data in the pro¬ visional Table 3, of XRPL-F3, with revisions indicated in Table 31, IRPL-F5 (no revision being necessary for f°E values), are correct#

2® In the report s,Radio Propagation Conditions*1, issued 10 Ally, 1944, Fig* 4, values of FX-1,52500 ar'© incorrectly presented as f°Fl values

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Table 62

Ionospheric Storminess, February, 1945

★♦Average for 12 hours of American magnetic K-figure, determined by a number of observatories, on an arbitrary scale of 0 to 9, rep¬ resenting the greatest disturbance.

★★★No record.

00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

5

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= 100

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00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

-LIMITING FREQUENCY = 3 Me

-LIMITING FREQUENCY= 5 Me

-LIMITING FREQUENCY - 7 Me

Fig 4 SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA FEBRUARY,1945

00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0 0

VIR

TU

AL

HE

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00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

-LIMITING FREQUENCY 2 3 Me

— -LIMITING FREQUENCY2 5 Me

-LIMITING FREQUENCY = 7 Me

Fig 8 SAN JUAN, PUERT0RIC0 FEBRUARY, 1945

00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

VIR

TU

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00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

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I t

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00 02 04 06 03 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

9. HUANCAYO, PERU

12 0°S, 75 3°W JANUARY, 1945

00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00 bC

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► ( i LOCAL TIME

00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

Fig. 21. PITCAIRN, IS. 25.0°S, I30.0°W JANUARY, 1945

00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

5

X X

o

UJ 2 □

FI o O O

X

< E A f\ A

> 0

12 0

OBSERVED

PRFDir.TION

X = ISOLATED F2 0= ISOLATED FI A= ISOLATED E

M AHF FOUR

-LAYEH OBStRVA1 IONS -LAYER OBSERVATIONS 'LAYER OBSERVATIONS

MONTHS RFFORF

100

9.0

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•1 LOCAL TIME I

00 02 04 06 08 0 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

Fig 25 CAMPBELL I

52 5°S, 169 0

0

m

JANUARY,1945

CR

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3000

00 02 04 06 00 10 0 1

1

120

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ISOLATED F2— LAYER

ISOLATED F 1 - LAYER

0BSERVA1 IONS

OBSERVATIONS

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9.0

80 X F2

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IO •1 D_ LOCAL TIME •

50 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

Fig. 34. PITCAIRN I.

25.0°S I30°W DECEMBER, 1944

Fig 35. BRISBANE, Q, AUSTRALIA

27 5°S, 153 0°E DECEMBER,1944

Fig.37 KERMADEC IS. 29.2°S, I779°W DECEMBER,1944

00 02 04 06 OH 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 2 00

3 5

30

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£2 2 0

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Fig 2

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—

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LOCAL TIME 30 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 IS 20 22 00

8 WATHER00.W AUSTRALIA

30.3°S , 11 5.9°E DECEMBER, 1944

Fig.40. MT STR0ML0.NSW., AUSTRALIA

35.3 °S,149 0°E DECEMBER, 1944

00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

2

z 400

H- X 300 CD

UJ

X 200

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^ 100

cr

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FI'

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/ s. ^

/ /" \ "N

/ V\

\ N

y

00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

-LIMITING FREQUENCY = 3 Me

—• — LIMITING FREQUENCY=5 Me

-LIMITING FREQUENCY = 7 Me

Fig.43. CHRISTCHURCH,NEW ZEALAND DECEMBER,1944

CR

ITIC

AL

FR

EQ

UE

NC

Y(f

°)

IN

MC

F2

-M3

00

0

00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

3.5

30

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2 20 0J Ll

1 5

1.0 12.0 1 10

100

9.0

8.0

O 70

^ 6.0

p 5.o

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"1Tn i i 1* , —r 1—r~r“i' i—r'VTT,T i _ OBSERVED

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00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 10 20 22 00 2

IN

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100

/ V 7 \ 9C /

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1-3 70

—,

< V J. 1 \ / \ \| /

J \ \ / LULU o- 30 ;_j

IRFL REPORTS

Daily Telephoned and telegraphed reports of ionospheric, solar, geomagnetic,

and radio propagation data from various places. Radio disturbance warnings.

Semiweekly ~ IRPL-J» Radio propagation Forecast,

Monthly IRPL-D• Basic Radio propagation predictions - Three months in advance. IRPL-E. Discontinued. IRFL-F. Ionospheric Data.

Bimonthly ~~~"I'RFL-"G, Correlation of D.F. Errors with Ionospheric Conditions,

Quarterly ErpC^I.

IRPIr B , IRFL-K.

IRFL-M*

Recommended Frequency Bands for Ships and Aircraft in the Atlantic and Pacific.

Recommended Frequency Bands for Submarines in the Pacific, Best Radio Frequencies for Aircraft and Ground Stations in

the Atlantic, (WIMS Appendix N) Frequency Guide for Merchant Ships.

Semiannual IRPL-H* Frequency Guide for Operating Personnel.

Special Reports, etc. IRPL Radio Propagation Handbook, part 1. IRFL-Cl through C61. Reports and papers of the International Radio

Propagation Conference, 17 April to 5 May 1944, IRPL-R. Unscheduled reports,

Rl, Maximum Usable Frequency Graph Paper. R2 and R3. Obsolete. R4, Methods Used by IRPL for the Prediction of Ionosphere

Characteristics and Maximum Usable Frequencies. R5, Criteria for Ionospheric Storminess. R6, Experimental studies of ionospheric propagation as applied

to a navigation system. R7. Further studies of ionospheric propagation as applied to

a navigation system. R8. The prediction of Usable Frequencies over a Path of Short

or Medium Length, Including the Effects of Es. R9. An ‘Automatic Instantaneous Indicator of Skip Distance

and MJF. RIO, A method for study of the ionosphere,

IRPIaT, Reports on Tropospheric propagation. Tl, Radar Operation and 'Heather. (Superseded by JA1IP 101). T2, Radio coverage and weather. (Superseded by JANP 102).